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<span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MQTT_broker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MQTT_broker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>MQTT broker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MQTT_broker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Message_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Message_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Message types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Message_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Message types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Message_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Connect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Connect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disconnect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disconnect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Disconnect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disconnect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Publish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_5.0" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_5.0"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Version 5.0</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_5.0-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quality_of_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quality_of_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Quality of service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quality_of_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clustering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clustering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Clustering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clustering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="إم كيو تي تي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إم كيو تي تي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ام کیو تی تی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ام کیو تی تی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="MQTT" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT – Chinese" lang="zh" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Publish-subscribe based messaging protocol</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">MQTT</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mqtt-hor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mqtt-hor.svg/220px-Mqtt-hor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mqtt-hor.svg/330px-Mqtt-hor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mqtt-hor.svg/440px-Mqtt-hor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="130" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">MQTT logo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Published</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year started</th><td class="infobox-data">1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latest version</th><td class="infobox-data">5.0<sup id="cite_ref-mqtt5_spec_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mqtt5_spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />7 March 2019</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OASIS_(organization)" title="OASIS (organization)">OASIS</a></li> <li><abbr title="International Electrotechnical Commission"><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-iec-standard_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iec-standard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><abbr title="International Organization for Standardization"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-iso-standard_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-standard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committee</th><td class="infobox-data">OASIS Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Technical Committee<sup id="cite_ref-tc_charter_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc_charter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editors</th><td class="infobox-data">Andrew Banks (IBM), Ed Briggs (Microsoft), Ken Borgendale (IBM), Rahul Gupta (IBM)<sup id="cite_ref-mqtt5_spec_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mqtt5_spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related standards</th><td class="infobox-data">MQTT-SN<sup id="cite_ref-mqttsn_sc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mqttsn_sc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//mqtt.org/">mqtt<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">Internet protocol suite</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer">Application layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol" title="Border Gateway Protocol">BGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol" title="Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol">DHCP</a> (<a href="/wiki/DHCPv6" title="DHCPv6">v6</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> (<a href="/wiki/HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">HTTP/3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" title="Internet Message Access Protocol">IMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">LDAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Gateway_Control_Protocol" title="Media Gateway Control Protocol">MGCP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MQTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol" title="Network News Transfer Protocol">NNTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Shortest_Path_First" title="Open Shortest Path First">OSPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">POP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Time_Protocol" title="Precision Time Protocol">PTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Network_Computing_Remote_Procedure_Call" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call">ONC/RPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Time Streaming Protocol">RTSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routing_Information_Protocol" title="Routing Information Protocol">RIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">SIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">SMTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Network_Management_Protocol" title="Simple Network Management Protocol">SNMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS/SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Application_layer_protocols" title="Category:Application layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Transport_layer" title="Transport layer">Transport layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datagram_Congestion_Control_Protocol" title="Datagram Congestion Control Protocol">DCCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_Control_Transmission_Protocol" title="Stream Control Transmission Protocol">SCTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Reservation_Protocol" title="Resource Reservation Protocol">RSVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QUIC" title="QUIC">QUIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_layer_protocols" title="Category:Transport layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Internet_layer" title="Internet layer">Internet layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">v4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">v6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">ICMP</a> (<a href="/wiki/ICMPv6" title="ICMPv6">v6</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol" title="Neighbor Discovery Protocol">NDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification">ECN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Group_Management_Protocol" title="Internet Group Management Protocol">IGMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_layer_protocols" title="Category:Internet layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Link_layer" title="Link layer">Link layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunneling_protocol" title="Tunneling protocol">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_access_control" title="Medium access control">MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Link_protocols" title="Category:Link protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_protocol_suite" title="Template:Internet protocol suite"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_protocol_suite" title="Template talk:Internet protocol suite"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_protocol_suite" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet protocol suite"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>MQTT</b> (originally an <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">initialism</a> of <b>MQ Telemetry Transport</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a lightweight, <a href="/wiki/Publish%E2%80%93subscribe_pattern" title="Publish–subscribe pattern">publish-subscribe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_to_machine" title="Machine to machine">machine to machine</a> network <a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">protocol</a> for <a href="/wiki/Message_queue" title="Message queue">message queue</a>/<a href="/wiki/Message_queuing_service" title="Message queuing service">message queuing service</a>. It is designed for connections with remote locations that have devices with resource constraints or limited network <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a>, such as in the <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_Things" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a> (IoT). It must run over a transport protocol that provides ordered, <a href="/wiki/Lossless_compression" title="Lossless compression">lossless</a>, bi-directional connections—typically, <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mqtt5_spec_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mqtt5_spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an open <a href="/wiki/OASIS_(organization)" title="OASIS (organization)">OASIS</a> standard and an <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> recommendation (<b>ISO/IEC 20922</b>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Andy_Stanford-Clark" title="Andy Stanford-Clark">Andy Stanford-Clark</a> (<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>) and Arlen Nipper (then working for <a href="/wiki/Eurotech_(company)" title="Eurotech (company)">Eurotech, Inc.</a>) authored the first version of the protocol in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used to monitor oil pipelines within the <a href="/wiki/SCADA" title="SCADA">SCADA</a> industrial control system.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal was to have a protocol that is bandwidth-efficient, lightweight and uses little battery power, because the devices were connected via satellite link which, at that time, was extremely expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, the "MQ" in "MQTT" came from the <a href="/wiki/IBM_MQ" title="IBM MQ">IBM MQ</a> (then 'MQSeries') product line, where it stands for "Message Queue". However, the protocol provides <a href="/wiki/Publish%E2%80%93subscribe_pattern" title="Publish–subscribe pattern">publish-and-subscribe messaging</a> (no queues, in spite of the name).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the specification opened by IBM as version 3.1 the protocol was referred to as "MQ Telemetry Transport".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mqtt31_spec_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mqtt31_spec-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent versions released by OASIS strictly refer to the protocol as just "MQTT", although the technical committee itself is named "OASIS Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Technical Committee".<sup id="cite_ref-tc_charter_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc_charter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2013, "MQTT" does not stand for anything.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, IBM submitted MQTT v3.1 to the <a href="/wiki/OASIS_(organization)" title="OASIS (organization)">OASIS</a> specification body with a charter that ensured only minor changes to the specification could be accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-tc_charter_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc_charter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After taking over maintenance of the standard from IBM, OASIS released version 3.1.1 on October 29, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-mqtt311_spec_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mqtt311_spec-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more substantial upgrade to MQTT version 5, adding several new features,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was released on March 7, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-mqtt5_spec_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mqtt5_spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MQTT-SN (MQTT for Sensor Networks) is a variation of the main protocol aimed at battery-powered embedded devices on non-TCP/IP networks,<sup id="cite_ref-mqttsn12_spec_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mqttsn12_spec-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Zigbee" title="Zigbee">Zigbee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MQTT protocol defines two types of network entities: a <a href="/wiki/Message_broker" title="Message broker">message broker</a> and a number of clients. An MQTT broker is a server that receives all messages from the clients and then routes the messages to the appropriate destination clients.<sup id="cite_ref-message_broker-_client_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-message_broker-_client-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An MQTT client is any device (from a micro controller up to a fully-fledged server) that runs an MQTT library and connects to an MQTT broker over a network.<sup id="cite_ref-MQTT_client_-_broker_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MQTT_client_-_broker-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Information is organized in a hierarchy of topics. When a publisher has a new item of data to distribute, it sends a control message with the data to the connected broker. The broker then distributes the information to any clients that have subscribed to that topic. The publisher does not need to have any data on the number or locations of subscribers, and subscribers, in turn, do not have to be configured with any data about the publishers. </p><p>If a broker receives a message on a topic for which there are no current subscribers, the broker discards the message unless the publisher of the message designated the message as a retained message. A retained message is a normal MQTT message with the retained flag set to true. The broker stores the last retained message and the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_service" title="Quality of service">quality of service</a> (QoS) for the selected topic. Each client that subscribes to a topic pattern that matches the topic of the retained message receives the retained message immediately after they subscribe. The broker stores only one retained message per topic.<sup id="cite_ref-MQTT_retained_messages_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MQTT_retained_messages-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows new subscribers to a topic to receive the most current value rather than waiting for the next update from a publisher. </p><p>When a publishing client first connects to the broker, it can set up a default message to be sent to subscribers if the broker detects that the publishing client has unexpectedly disconnected from the broker. </p><p>Clients only interact with a broker, but a system may contain several broker servers that exchange data based on their current subscribers' topics. </p><p>A minimal MQTT control message can be as little as two bytes of data. A control message can carry nearly 256 megabytes of data if needed. There are fourteen defined message types used to connect and disconnect a client from a broker, to publish data, to acknowledge receipt of data, and to supervise the connection between client and server. </p><p>MQTT relies on the TCP protocol for data transmission. A variant, MQTT-SN, is used over other transports such as UDP or Bluetooth. </p><p>MQTT sends connection credentials in plain text format and does not include any measures for security or authentication. This can be provided by using <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS</a> to encrypt and protect the transferred information against interception, modification or forgery. </p><p>The default unencrypted MQTT port is 1883. The encrypted port is 8883.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="MQTT_broker">MQTT broker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: MQTT broker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MQTT broker is a piece of software running on a computer (running on-premises or in the cloud), and could be self-built or hosted by a third party. It is available in both open source and proprietary implementations. </p><p>The broker acts as a post office. MQTT clients don't use a direct connection address of the intended recipient, but use the subject line called "Topic". Anyone who subscribes receives a copy of all messages for that topic. Multiple clients can subscribe to a topic from a single broker (one to many capability), and a single client can register subscriptions to topics with multiple brokers (many to one). </p><p>Each client can both produce and receive data by both publishing and subscribing, i.e. the devices can publish sensor data and still be able to receive the configuration information or control commands (MQTT is a bi-directional communication protocol). This helps in both sharing data, managing and controlling devices. A client cannot broadcast the same data to a range of topics, and must publish multiple messages to the broker, each with a single topic given. </p><p>With the MQTT broker architecture, the client devices and server application become decoupled. In this way, the clients are kept unaware of each other's information. MQTT, if configured to, can use TLS encryption with certificate, username and password protected connections. Optionally, the connection may require certification, in the form of a certificate file that a client provides and must match with the server's copy. </p><p>In case of failure, the broker software and clients can automatically hand over to a redundant/automatic backup broker. Backup brokers can also be set up to share the load of clients across multiple servers on site, in the cloud, or a combination of these. </p><p>The broker can support both standard MQTT and MQTT for compliant specifications such as Sparkplug.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be done with the same server, at the same time and with the same levels of security. </p><p>The broker keeps track of all the session's information as the device goes on and off, in a function called "persistent sessions". In this state, a broker will store both connection info for each client, topics each client has subscribed to, and any messages for a topic with a QoS of 1 or 2.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main advantages of an MQTT broker are: </p> <ol><li>Elimination of vulnerable and insecure client connections (when appropriately configured).</li> <li>Ability to easily scale from a single device to thousands.</li> <li>Management and tracking of client connection states, including security credentials and certificates (when appropriately configured).</li> <li>Reduction of strain on cellular or satellite networks without compromising security (when appropriately configured).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Message_types">Message types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Message types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connect">Connect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Connect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MQTT_protocol_example_without_QoS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MQTT_protocol_example_without_QoS.svg/300px-MQTT_protocol_example_without_QoS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MQTT_protocol_example_without_QoS.svg/450px-MQTT_protocol_example_without_QoS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MQTT_protocol_example_without_QoS.svg/600px-MQTT_protocol_example_without_QoS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>Example of an MQTT connection (QoS 0) with connect, publish/subscribe, and disconnect. The first message from client B is stored due to the retain flag.</figcaption></figure> <p>Waits for a connection to be established with the server and creates a link between the nodes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disconnect">Disconnect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Disconnect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waits for the MQTT client to finish any work it must do, and for the <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a> session to disconnect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publish">Publish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Publish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Returns immediately to the application thread after passing the request to the MQTT client. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Version_5.0">Version 5.0</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Version 5.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, OASIS released the official MQTT 5.0 standard.<sup id="cite_ref-mqtt5_spec_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mqtt5_spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Version 5.0 includes the following major new features:<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Reason codes: Acknowledgements now support return codes, which provide a reason for a failure.</li> <li>Shared subscriptions: Allow the load to be balanced across clients, thus reducing the risk of load problems.</li> <li>Message expiry: Messages can include an expiry date and are deleted if they are not delivered within this time period.</li> <li>Topic alias: The name of a topic can be replaced with a single number.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quality_of_service">Quality of service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Quality of service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each connection to the broker can specify a QoS measure.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are classified in increasing order of overhead: </p> <ul><li>At most once – the message is sent only once and the client and broker take no additional steps to acknowledge delivery (fire and forget).</li> <li>At least once – the message is re-tried by the sender multiple times until acknowledgement is received (acknowledged delivery).</li> <li>Exactly once – the sender and receiver engage in a two-level handshake to ensure only one copy of the message is received (assured delivery).</li></ul> <p>This field does not affect handling of the underlying TCP data transmissions; it is only used between MQTT senders and receivers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Security of the MQTT protocol was compromised<sup id="cite_ref-slowite_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slowite-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2020 by Italian researchers, executing <a href="/wiki/Slow_DoS_Attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Slow DoS Attack">Slow DoS Attacks</a> on such protocol (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2020-13849">CVE-2020-13849</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clustering">Clustering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Clustering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MQTT clustering is a technique employed to ensure high availability, fault tolerance, and scalability in MQTT deployments.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an efficient and lightweight messaging protocol, MQTT clustering allows for the creation of a resilient network of interconnected broker nodes, ensuring continuous and reliable message delivery even in the face of hardware failures or network disruptions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_MQTT_implementations" title="Comparison of MQTT implementations">Comparison of MQTT implementations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Message_Queuing_Protocol" title="Advanced Message Queuing Protocol">Advanced Message Queuing Protocol</a> (AMQP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_Text_Oriented_Messaging_Protocol" title="Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol">Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol</a> (STOMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constrained_Application_Protocol" title="Constrained Application Protocol">Constrained Application Protocol</a> (CoAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_ActiveMQ" title="Apache ActiveMQ">Apache ActiveMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solace_Corporation" title="Solace Corporation">Solace PubSub+</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RabbitMQ" title="RabbitMQ">RabbitMQ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MQ stands for "message queues", as derived from the <a href="/wiki/IBM_MQ" title="IBM MQ">IBM MQ</a> product name.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mqtt5_spec-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mqtt5_spec_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mqtt5_spec_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/mqtt-v5.0.html">"MQTT Version 5.0"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OASIS_(organization)" title="OASIS (organization)">OASIS</a>. 2019-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sensors, 20(10), 2932.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bevywise.com/blog/high-availability-mqtt-cluster/">"High availability MQTT Cluster - Bevywise Networks"</a>. <i>www.bevywise.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solace+Community&rft.atitle=MQTT+5.0+Support+%F0%9F%8E%89&rft.date=2021-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolace.community%2Fdiscussion%2F540%2Fmqtt-5-0-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMQTT" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MQTT&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mqtt.org/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10322548#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=mqtt">Official website of Technical Committee</a></li> <li>MQTT Specifications <ul><li>Version 5.0, 2019-03-07: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/mqtt-v5.0.pdf">PDF edition</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/mqtt-v5.0.html">HTML edition</a></li> <li>Version 3.1.1 Plus Errata 01, 2015-12-10: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/mqtt-v3.1.1.pdf">PDF edition</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/mqtt-v3.1.1.html">HTML edition</a></li> <li>Version 3.1.1, 2014-10-29: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.pdf">PDF edition</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html">HTML edition</a></li> <li>Version 3.1, 2010: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/dw/webservices/ws-mqtt/MQTT_V3.1_Protocol_Specific.pdf">PDF edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221204093708/http://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/dw/webservices/ws-mqtt/MQTT_V3.1_Protocol_Specific.pdf">Archived</a> 2022-12-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/dw/webservices/ws-mqtt/mqtt-v3r1.html">HTML edition</a></li></ul></li> <li>MQTT-SN Specifications <ul><li>Version 1.2, 2013-11-14: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/66091/MQTT-SN_spec_v1.2.pdf">PDF edition</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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