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8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light" title="Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 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10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need" title="US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere" title="US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide">US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 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6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl" title="World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created">World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta" title="Srishti Gupta" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Srishti Gupta</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 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9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl" title="World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy" title="New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells">New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 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4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy" title="New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr" title="Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors">Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr" title="Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech" title="Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech">Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech" title="Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us" title="Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power">Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us" title="Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost" title="Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant">Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost" title="Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/transportation" title="Transportation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Transportation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/honda-solid-state-ev-battery-demo-line" title="Honda’s game-changing solid-state EV battery line unveiled in Japan ">Honda’s game-changing solid-state EV battery line unveiled in Japan </a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/honda-solid-state-ev-battery-demo-line" title="Honda’s game-changing solid-state EV battery line unveiled in Japan "><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/space" title="Space"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Space</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered" title="Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists">Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">an hour ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 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3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/youngest-planet-ever-discovered" title="Youngest planet ever discovered has misaligned orbit, puzzles scientists"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings" title="China military's supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W">China military's supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">an hour ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 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2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings" title="China military's supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown" title="US' nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency">US' nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/radiant-microreactor-triggers-shutdown" title="US' nuclear microreactor triggers shutdown within 300 milliseconds of emergency"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/most-studied-roman-aqueduct-near-dorchester-found-to-extend-two-kilometers" title="Most-studied Roman aqueduct near Dorchester longer than previous estimates: Study">Most-studied Roman aqueduct near Dorchester longer than previous estimates: Study</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/gairika-mitra" title="Gairika Mitra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Gairika Mitra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 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2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a 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class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Rupendra Brahambhatt</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">4 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/black-hole-singularity-remains-hidden" title="'Cosmic censorship' confirmed: New quantum model unlocks black hole singularities"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3 t-bg-surface-premium t-p-6 dark:t-bg-transparent"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-flex t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center"><svg width="19" height="16" viewBox="0 0 19 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 0H18.1111C18.602 0 19 0.397969 19 0.888889V16H0V0Z" fill="#FAF0E1"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.4686 4.84995V3.83745V2.82496H5.27474V12.95H10.5662L10.0294 10.9305H7.29808V8.89722H10.5662V7.69077V6.8777H7.29808V4.84448L11.4686 4.84995Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M4.25828 2.82495L1.84985 2.82496V12.95H4.25828V2.82495Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M10.9623 10.925L11.4685 12.95H12.9873V14.975H15.0123V12.95H17.0373V10.925H15.0123V8.89996H12.9873V10.925H11.9748H10.9623Z" fill="#FF9900"></path></svg></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry" title="How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry">How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young" title="Chris Young" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Chris Young</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">5 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 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2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry" title="How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/space" title="Space"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Space</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid" title="Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event">Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">14 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid" title="Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb" title="Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out">Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2" title="Kaif Shaikh" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kaif Shaikh</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">14 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb" title="Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army" title="GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet">GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">16 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army" title="GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight" title="Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight">Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">17 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 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14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-flex-col t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="article-heading t-w-full md:t-w-[53.75%]"><ul class="article-badges t-flex-wrap md:t-gap-[8px] t-gap-[8px] t-flex"><li class="t-flex"><a class="t-flex" href="/innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 t-capitalize t-px-2 t-py-1">Innovation</div></a></li></ul><h1 class="content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading">US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide</h1><h4 class="article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA"><p>The Swift robots offer enhanced resolution capabilities of 7 centimeters, which match or surpass traditional aerial survey quality.</p> </h4><time class="t-mt-4 t-text-sm t-text-gray-500"><b>Updated:</b> Nov 21, 2024 03:44 PM EST</time></div></div><section class="t-flex t-justify-center max-md:t-flex-col t-mt-6 max-md:t-mt-0 md:t-mt-[0]"><div class="t-w-full md:t-w-[60%] t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col 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2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="t-mb-4 md:t-mb-[16px] articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__pQ08x"><img alt="US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide" loading="lazy" width="584" height="421" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__image__HYfDF" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-22T004057.652.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-22T004057.652.jpg&w=1200&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-22T004057.652.jpg&w=1200&q=75"/><div class="t-flex t-justify-between article-thumbnail--info t-mt-2"><p class="article-thumbnail--description body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third">Swift robot.</p><p class="article-thumbnail--reference body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"><a href="https://nearspacelabs.com/technology/#meet-swifty">Near Space Labs</a></p></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="body-content true articleBody_firstLetter__fWMYV body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Near Space Labs, a startup based in Brooklyn, New York, has achieved a significant milestone with the nationwide deployment of its Swift robots across the United States.</p> <p>This accomplishment marks the establishment of the first network of stratospheric robots delivering ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery throughout the continental US.</p> <p>The Swift robots now offer enhanced resolution capabilities of 7 centimeters, which match or surpass traditional aerial survey quality.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>The Swift is a zero-emission robot that can capture up to 1,000 square kilometers of imagery in a single flight—an area equivalent to the combined size of New York City’s five boroughs.</p> <p>Operating at altitudes between 60,000 and 85,000 feet, this compact 12-pound autonomous system provides insurance companies, urban planners, and government agencies with unprecedented access to highly detailed and frequently updated aerial imagery, all at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-first-ever-deployment">First-ever deployment</h2> <p>Near Space Labs’ nationwide expansion and improvements in imaging are crucial for the US home insurance industry.</p> <p>In 2023, the industry experienced its worst crisis in decades, with net combined ratios exceeding 110 percent and losses surpassing $101 billion.</p> <p>These results are largely driven by the increased frequency and severity of weather events, including devastating hurricanes, tornadoes, and catastrophic wildfires.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Consequently, major insurance companies are withdrawing from high-risk states such as Florida, California, and Texas, threatening homeownership and regional economies.</p> <p>The root of this crisis is the growing gap <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/lists/top-7-robotics-stories-of-2023-interesting-engineering" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">between</a> escalating climate risks and insurers’ ability to assess them accurately.</p> <p>“Many insurance companies are still relying on aerial data collection methods from the 1950s to assess 2024’s climate risks,” said Rema Matevosyan, CEO of Near Space Labs.</p> <p>“When you consider that only six percent of the $250 billion in losses from Hurricane Helene may be covered by insurance, it becomes clear that outdated risk assessment methods are creating a domino effect: poor data leads to inadequate policy pricing, which leads to carrier losses, which ultimately forces insurers to abandon entire markets—leaving homeowners stranded and unable to secure mortgages.”</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-autonomous-robots">Autonomous robots</h2> <p>Near Space Labs is launching a nationwide deployment of top-quality imaging capabilities to address a significant challenge for insurance carriers. This initiative will provide detailed, up-to-date property data every quarter.</p> <p>The unprecedented frequency of these updates allows insurers to monitor changing conditions, assess risks more accurately, and price policies appropriately. This could enable them to re-enter markets they previously abandoned.</p> <p>This rollout marks the first-ever nationwide deployment of ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery at scale, surpassing all existing commercial options such as satellites, drones, and airplanes.</p> <p>With this initiative and the backing of Fortune 500 insurers, Near Space aims to tackle America’s home insurance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by inadequate data that leads to substantial losses and market exit.</p></div></div><div class="recommendedArticle_recommended_article__ENN1_"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div><h4 class="recommended-article--title overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">RECOMMENDED ARTICLES</h4><div class="OUTBRAIN" data-widget-id="GS_11"></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>“With our balloons and our Swifts, insurance companies are <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-robot-kidnaps-12-robots-in-shanghai" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">able</a> to get access to information right after the catastrophe and assess the damage and pay out claims within days instead of weeks and months,” <a href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241121549156/en/Near-Space-Labs-Announces-Nationwide-Deployment-of-Stratospheric-Robots-Featuring-New-Industry-Leading-7cm-Resolution-Aerial-Imagery?_gl=1*1i1l21z*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MzIxOTM3NzIuQ2owS0NRaUEwZnU1QmhEUUFSSXNBTVhVQk9MX3JuS1liUUhLT05xN2JqOHpSME41SVE0eFdaQ0RZaW8xU0NaekdQelJSWlpVakkzZi11VWFBbl8xRUFMd193Y0I.*_gcl_au*MjA5MzM5MTEzOC4xNzI3NzMyMjc5LjU1NjY5NjcwNi4xNzMyMTkzNzExLjE3MzIxOTM3MTA.*_ga*MTczNjMwNjQyMi4xNzI3NzMyMjc4*_ga_ZQWF70T3FK*MTczMjE5NzM1OS4yNy4xLjE3MzIxOTc3NjUuNDguMC4w" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">said</a> Matevosyan.</p> <p>The giant weather balloons ascend to altitudes twice as high as those of cruising airplanes. According to the company, the cameras deliver high-resolution imagery across thousands of square miles.</p> <p>“Our balloons capture what 800,000 drones would with one flight,” Matevosyan said. </p> <p>“An airplane would be flying in a snake like pattern, back and forth, back and forth for weeks to capture the data that we can capture within hours. This means that we can be faster, better and cheaper for our customers.</p> </div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class=""><div class="CommentSection_commentsblock__cerVm" id="commentsBlock"><div class="CommentSection_title__aI0LW t-inline-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-gap-1 comments-toggle"><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15px" height="15px" viewBox="0 0 13 12" fill="none"><path d="M1.5 3.90007C1.5 2.98989 1.5 2.5348 1.68166 2.18716C1.84144 1.88137 2.09641 1.63275 2.41002 1.47694C2.76654 1.2998 3.23325 1.2998 4.16667 1.2998H8.83333C9.76675 1.2998 10.2335 1.2998 10.59 1.47694C10.9036 1.63275 11.1586 1.88137 11.3183 2.18716C11.5 2.5348 11.5 2.98989 11.5 3.90007V6.82536C11.5 7.73554 11.5 8.19062 11.3183 8.53827C11.1586 8.84406 10.9036 9.09268 10.59 9.24849C10.2335 9.42562 9.76675 9.42562 8.83333 9.42562H5.21319C4.8665 9.42562 4.69315 9.42562 4.52734 9.4588C4.38024 9.48824 4.23789 9.53693 4.10416 9.60355C3.95343 9.67864 3.81807 9.78423 3.54734 9.99542L2.22209 11.0292C1.99093 11.2095 1.87535 11.2997 1.77808 11.2998C1.69348 11.2999 1.61346 11.2624 1.56068 11.1979C1.5 11.1238 1.5 10.9795 1.5 10.6908V3.90007Z" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.25" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span><span>3</span><span>COMMENTS</span><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path d="M10 7L15 12L10 17" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full md:t-my-[16px] t-my-4"></div><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterContainer__HOvEF t-w-full t-max-w-main-layout !t-p-5 newsletter-linear-background home-news-letter-banner t-pb-3 undefined"><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterLeft__P4Jv_"><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterResponsiveWrapper__OwUog"><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterResponsiveLeft__eH_nk"><div class="FilledTag_filledTag__LS32u overline-small" style="color:var(--text-invert);border-radius:2px;background:var(--button-ie-pressed, #005086)">NEWSLETTER</div><h5 class="h3-style-desktop t-text-text-negative">The Blueprint Daily</h5></div><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterResponsiveRight__0MavS"><img alt="MasterCard" loading="lazy" width="285" height="240" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="responsive-news-letter-image" style="color:transparent" src="https://interestingengineering.com//_next/static/media/news-letter-icon.a0397aae.svg"/></div></div><p class="body-small-medium t-mb-4">Stay up-to-date on engineering, tech, space, and science news with The Blueprint.</p><form class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterForm__EHndP news-letter-form"><div class="Input_input___MJ_T newsLetterEmailWrapper"><input class="body-x-small-bold newsLetterEmailInput" placeholder="Your Email" name="email"/></div><button class="PureButton_pureButton__JQ85q button-medium button-container button-medium-container filled-button-black button-medium-container NewsLetterBanner_subsBtn__lnv8w" type="submit">Mail Me <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg> </button></form><p class="body-x-small t-mt-2">By clicking sign up, you confirm that you accept this site's <a href="/tos">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="/policies">Privacy Policy</a></p></div><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterRight___YIfw"><img alt="MasterCard" loading="lazy" width="285" height="240" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="desktop-news-letter-image" style="color:transparent" src="https://interestingengineering.com//_next/static/media/news-letter-icon.a0397aae.svg"/></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full md:t-my-4 t-my-4"></div><div class=""><h4 class="t-pb-4 overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">ABOUT THE EDITOR</h4><p class="h5-style-desktop color-gray-900 articleBody_lineHeight_18__zYiLM"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal"><strong>Kapil Kajal</strong></a> Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1d:T1422,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs, a startup based in Brooklyn, New York, has achieved a significant milestone with the nationwide deployment of its Swift robots across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accomplishment marks the establishment of the first network of stratospheric robots delivering ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery throughout the continental US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Swift robots now offer enhanced resolution capabilities of 7 centimeters, which match or surpass traditional aerial survey quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Swift is a zero-emission robot that can capture up to 1,000 square kilometers of imagery in a single flight—an area equivalent to the combined size of New York City’s five boroughs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOperating at altitudes between 60,000 and 85,000 feet, this compact 12-pound autonomous system provides insurance companies, urban planners, and government agencies with unprecedented access to highly detailed and frequently updated aerial imagery, all at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-first-ever-deployment\"\u003eFirst-ever deployment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs\u0026#8217; nationwide expansion and improvements in imaging are crucial for the US home insurance industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, the industry experienced its worst crisis in decades, with net combined ratios exceeding 110 percent and losses surpassing $101 billion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese results are largely driven by the increased frequency and severity of weather events, including devastating hurricanes, tornadoes, and catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsequently, major insurance companies are withdrawing from high-risk states such as Florida, California, and Texas, threatening homeownership and regional economies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe root of this crisis is the growing gap \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/top-7-robotics-stories-of-2023-interesting-engineering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebetween\u003c/a\u003e escalating climate risks and insurers\u0026#8217; ability to assess them accurately.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Many insurance companies are still relying on aerial data collection methods from the 1950s to assess 2024\u0026#8217;s climate risks,\u0026#8221; said Rema Matevosyan, CEO of Near Space Labs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;When you consider that only six percent of the $250 billion in losses from Hurricane Helene may be covered by insurance, it becomes clear that outdated risk assessment methods are creating a domino effect: poor data leads to inadequate policy pricing, which leads to carrier losses, which ultimately forces insurers to abandon entire markets—leaving homeowners stranded and unable to secure mortgages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-autonomous-robots\"\u003eAutonomous robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs is launching a nationwide deployment of top-quality imaging capabilities to address a significant challenge for insurance carriers. This initiative will provide detailed, up-to-date property data every quarter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unprecedented frequency of these updates allows insurers to monitor changing conditions, assess risks more accurately, and price policies appropriately. This could enable them to re-enter markets they previously abandoned.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis rollout marks the first-ever nationwide deployment of ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery at scale, surpassing all existing commercial options such as satellites, drones, and airplanes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this initiative and the backing of Fortune 500 insurers, Near Space aims to tackle America’s home insurance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by inadequate data that leads to substantial losses and market exit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With our balloons and our Swifts, insurance companies are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-robot-kidnaps-12-robots-in-shanghai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eable\u003c/a\u003e to get access to information right after the catastrophe and assess the damage and pay out claims within days instead of weeks and months,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241121549156/en/Near-Space-Labs-Announces-Nationwide-Deployment-of-Stratospheric-Robots-Featuring-New-Industry-Leading-7cm-Resolution-Aerial-Imagery?_gl=1*1i1l21z*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MzIxOTM3NzIuQ2owS0NRaUEwZnU1QmhEUUFSSXNBTVhVQk9MX3JuS1liUUhLT05xN2JqOHpSME41SVE0eFdaQ0RZaW8xU0NaekdQelJSWlpVakkzZi11VWFBbl8xRUFMd193Y0I.*_gcl_au*MjA5MzM5MTEzOC4xNzI3NzMyMjc5LjU1NjY5NjcwNi4xNzMyMTkzNzExLjE3MzIxOTM3MTA.*_ga*MTczNjMwNjQyMi4xNzI3NzMyMjc4*_ga_ZQWF70T3FK*MTczMjE5NzM1OS4yNy4xLjE3MzIxOTc3NjUuNDguMC4w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Matevosyan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe giant weather balloons ascend to altitudes twice as high as those of cruising airplanes. According to the company, the cameras deliver high-resolution imagery across thousands of square miles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our balloons capture what 800,000 drones would with one flight,” Matevosyan said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“An airplane would be flying in a snake like pattern, back and forth, back and forth for weeks to capture the data that we can capture within hours. This means that we can be faster, better and cheaper for our customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1e:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Swift is a zero-emission robot that can capture up to 1,000 square kilometers of imagery in a single flight—an area equivalent to the combined size of New York City’s five boroughs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOperating at altitudes between 60,000 and 85,000 feet, this compact 12-pound autonomous system provides insurance companies, urban planners, and government agencies with unprecedented access to highly detailed and frequently updated aerial imagery, all at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-first-ever-deployment\"\u003eFirst-ever deployment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs\u0026#8217; nationwide expansion and improvements in imaging are crucial for the US home insurance industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, the industry experienced its worst crisis in decades, with net combined ratios exceeding 110 percent and losses surpassing $101 billion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese results are largely driven by the increased frequency and severity of weather events, including devastating hurricanes, tornadoes, and catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1f:T442,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsequently, major insurance companies are withdrawing from high-risk states such as Florida, California, and Texas, threatening homeownership and regional economies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe root of this crisis is the growing gap \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/top-7-robotics-stories-of-2023-interesting-engineering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebetween\u003c/a\u003e escalating climate risks and insurers\u0026#8217; ability to assess them accurately.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Many insurance companies are still relying on aerial data collection methods from the 1950s to assess 2024\u0026#8217;s climate risks,\u0026#8221; said Rema Matevosyan, CEO of Near Space Labs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;When you consider that only six percent of the $250 billion in losses from Hurricane Helene may be covered by insurance, it becomes clear that outdated risk assessment methods are creating a domino effect: poor data leads to inadequate policy pricing, which leads to carrier losses, which ultimately forces insurers to abandon entire markets—leaving homeowners stranded and unable to secure mortgages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"20:T5ec,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With our balloons and our Swifts, insurance companies are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-robot-kidnaps-12-robots-in-shanghai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eable\u003c/a\u003e to get access to information right after the catastrophe and assess the damage and pay out claims within days instead of weeks and months,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241121549156/en/Near-Space-Labs-Announces-Nationwide-Deployment-of-Stratospheric-Robots-Featuring-New-Industry-Leading-7cm-Resolution-Aerial-Imagery?_gl=1*1i1l21z*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MzIxOTM3NzIuQ2owS0NRaUEwZnU1QmhEUUFSSXNBTVhVQk9MX3JuS1liUUhLT05xN2JqOHpSME41SVE0eFdaQ0RZaW8xU0NaekdQelJSWlpVakkzZi11VWFBbl8xRUFMd193Y0I.*_gcl_au*MjA5MzM5MTEzOC4xNzI3NzMyMjc5LjU1NjY5NjcwNi4xNzMyMTkzNzExLjE3MzIxOTM3MTA.*_ga*MTczNjMwNjQyMi4xNzI3NzMyMjc4*_ga_ZQWF70T3FK*MTczMjE5NzM1OS4yNy4xLjE3MzIxOTc3NjUuNDguMC4w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Matevosyan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe giant weather balloons ascend to altitudes twice as high as those of cruising airplanes. According to the company, the cameras deliver high-resolution imagery across thousands of square miles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our balloons capture what 800,000 drones would with one flight,” Matevosyan said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“An airplane would be flying in a snake like pattern, back and forth, back and forth for weeks to capture the data that we can capture within hours. This means that we can be faster, better and cheaper for our customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"21:T1de8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSupersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"766\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"566\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"22:T2410,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"23:T7b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:T43f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"25:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"26:T486,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"27:T454,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:T457,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"29:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2a:T20fc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e90% efficient: World’s first underwater boron ramjet tested in China\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Developed by Chinese scientists for hypersonic weapons, the novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests and can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through air and water.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"90% efficient: World’s first underwater boron ramjet tested in China\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Developed by Chinese scientists for hypersonic weapons, the novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests and can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through air and water.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:30:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:37:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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engine\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Military\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2b:T11cd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina has tested a powerful engine that can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through both air and water. The novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests, which were conducted in submarine mode, and met the desired requirements for practical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped for hypersonic weapons, the engine inhales air and water as oxidizing agents depending upon the medium, where it\u0026#8217;s being used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe engine, which is claimed to be the first of its kind, is powered by boron. The critical element is used in scramjet engines, which are supersonic combustion ramjet engines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boron-s-use-in-new-engine\"\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use in new engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use increases the speed of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-diesel-engine-thermal-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emissile\u003c/a\u003e to nearly Mach 5 as it burns intensely after encountering oxygen in the air.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, igniting the boron in water was challenging for the Chinese scientists. Therefore, the research team implemented a new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/rats-enjoy-driving-tiny-cars-not-just-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e that gave the solid fuel another chance to burn and enhance the engine\u0026#8217;s efficiency.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also optimised the injection volume of water vapour into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/hydrogen-jet-engine-design-eth-zurich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecombustion\u003c/a\u003e chamber and the ratio of other ingredients in the fuel, such as magnesium and aluminium. These active metals enable boron to burn more thoroughly in vapour. The scientists conducted the tests in a ground laboratory that simulates the underwater environment, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-was-stable\"\u003eEngine was stable\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Huang Liya, who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381867897_Experimental_investigation_on_detonation_characteristics_of_boron-rich_gelled_propellant_in_static_premixed_combustible_gases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eproject team\u003c/a\u003e, stated that there was a bright yellow, elongated tail flame near the outlet of the engine’s nozzle.\u003cbr\u003eLiya highlighted that during the test, the engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData collected by sensors showed that the engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3, with a combustion efficiency of 87 per cent. When the proportion of boron fuel was increased in the fuel formula, its specific impulse reached 4,712 newton-seconds per kilogram, which is one-third more efficient than SpaceX’s latest Raptor rocket engine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles?module=perpetual_scroll_0\u0026amp;pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording to\u003c/a\u003e SCMP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-energy-metalloid\"\u003eHigh-energy metalloid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe high-energy metalloid, boron, has been recognized by multiple researchers as a potential secondary energy source for liquid hydrocarbon fuel to power volume-limited propulsion devices such as ramjet and scramjet. The higher volumetric and gravimetric energetic content makes boron a more suitable candidate than other energetic particles\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVarious studies have been conducted previously to review recent advancements and challenges in adopting boron-loaded gel fuel for practical ramjet and scramjet propulsion devices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven though \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667134423000421\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eboron\u003c/a\u003e is a potential source for improving the energy density of liquid fuel, it was not widely used in practical propulsive devices till last year primarily because the native oxide layer present in the boron inhibits ignition and combustion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, some researchers reported that the boron particles were fully burnt in the two-stage combustion, suggesting that the two-stage combustion of boron particles can be achieved by ramjet and scramjet.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2c:T65d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe engine, which is claimed to be the first of its kind, is powered by boron. The critical element is used in scramjet engines, which are supersonic combustion ramjet engines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boron-s-use-in-new-engine\"\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use in new engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use increases the speed of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-diesel-engine-thermal-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emissile\u003c/a\u003e to nearly Mach 5 as it burns intensely after encountering oxygen in the air.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, igniting the boron in water was challenging for the Chinese scientists. Therefore, the research team implemented a new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/rats-enjoy-driving-tiny-cars-not-just-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e that gave the solid fuel another chance to burn and enhance the engine\u0026#8217;s efficiency.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also optimised the injection volume of water vapour into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/hydrogen-jet-engine-design-eth-zurich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecombustion\u003c/a\u003e chamber and the ratio of other ingredients in the fuel, such as magnesium and aluminium. These active metals enable boron to burn more thoroughly in vapour. The scientists conducted the tests in a ground laboratory that simulates the underwater environment, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T69e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-was-stable\"\u003eEngine was stable\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Huang Liya, who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381867897_Experimental_investigation_on_detonation_characteristics_of_boron-rich_gelled_propellant_in_static_premixed_combustible_gases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eproject team\u003c/a\u003e, stated that there was a bright yellow, elongated tail flame near the outlet of the engine’s nozzle.\u003cbr\u003eLiya highlighted that during the test, the engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData collected by sensors showed that the engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3, with a combustion efficiency of 87 per cent. When the proportion of boron fuel was increased in the fuel formula, its specific impulse reached 4,712 newton-seconds per kilogram, which is one-third more efficient than SpaceX’s latest Raptor rocket engine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles?module=perpetual_scroll_0\u0026amp;pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording to\u003c/a\u003e SCMP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-energy-metalloid\"\u003eHigh-energy metalloid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe high-energy metalloid, boron, has been recognized by multiple researchers as a potential secondary energy source for liquid hydrocarbon fuel to power volume-limited propulsion devices such as ramjet and scramjet. The higher volumetric and gravimetric energetic content makes boron a more suitable candidate than other energetic particles\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T1cc8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS submarines re-adopt sea-launched nukes after 32-year absence\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The US Navy is reviving nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles with a new SLCM-N initiative for its Virginia-class submarines.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US submarines re-adopt sea-launched nukes after 32-year absence\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The US Navy is reviving nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles with a new SLCM-N initiative for its Virginia-class submarines.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:46:13+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:46:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T12c5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a surprising development, the US Navy has released a Request for Information (RFI) regarding the development of a Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe initiative aims to establish a modular and resilient cruise missile system that delivers a proportional response while ensuring essential adversary targets remain vulnerable.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to deploy an operational system by fiscal year 2034, with prototype tests anticipated within the next three years.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sea-launched-nuclear-cruise-missile\"\u003eSea-launched nuclear cruise missile\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N will be launched from Virginia-class attack submarines and is centered around an \u0026#8220;All Up Round\u0026#8221; (AUR) concept.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes an expendable booster, a nuclear-capable cruise missile, and a launch canister, allowing underwater launches from Virginia Payload Tubes (VPT) or Virginia Payload Modules (VPM).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the Navy seeks missiles that are “as modular as possible,” incorporating both software and hardware, to ensure that modifications to the missile\u0026#8217;s body or shared tactical systems don’t necessitate changes to the warhead payload interfaces or avionics related to the nuclear mission.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The open system approach is being adopted to facilitate future technical upgrades or technology enhancements as needed throughout the SLCM-N program\u0026#8217;s lifespan,” the Navy\u0026#8217;s request indicates.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States originally introduced nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles during the mid-1980s with the deployment of the TLAM-N, a nuclear variant of the Tomahawk Land-Attack Missile.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese missiles, which had a range of about 2,500 kilometers (approximately 1,550 miles), were positioned on both surface vessels and attack submarines.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-after-3-decades\"\u003eAfter 3 decades\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1991, President George H.W. Bush declared the withdrawal of all sea-based tactical nuclear weapons, resulting in the removal of TLAM-N missiles by the middle of 1992.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Navy kept the option to redeploy them on attack submarines if necessary. However, in 2010, the Obama Administration recommended decommissioning the TLAM-N system, considering it redundant in light of other available nuclear capabilities. This retirement was finalized in 2013.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eunder\u003c/a\u003e the Trump Administration advocated for the development of a novel nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile, now referred to as SLCM-N. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initiative aimed to provide a \u0026#8220;non-strategic regional presence\u0026#8221; and fulfill the need for \u0026#8220;flexible and low-yield options\u0026#8221; within the US nuclear arsenal.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N was designed to enhance deterrence against regional threats and reassure US allies.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-allocation-of-funds\"\u003eAllocation of funds\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its Fiscal Year 2022 budget proposal, the Biden Administration allocated funding for the research and development of the SLCM-N.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNonetheless, the 2022 NPR suggested discontinuing the program, indicating that current capabilities were adequate to meet deterrent requirements.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite this, Congress continued to fund the SLCM-N and its associated warhead. The Fiscal Year 2024 National Defense Authorization Act required the executive branch to ensure the SLCM-N\u0026#8217;s initial \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperational\u003c/a\u003e capability. Following this, the Administration has begun to take steps to implement the program. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupporters of the SLCM-N contend that it provides a flexible and survivable nuclear option capable of deployment in various regions without needing to station nuclear assets on allied territories.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder, emphasizing that the commander-in-chief should have access to such options.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to its predecessor, the Navy\u0026#8217;s discontinued TLAM-N, the SLCM-N is envisioned as a lower-yield nuclear weapon launched from submarines that would add a new dimension to the maritime segment of the nuclear triad, allowing the United States to respond proportionately to a limited nuclear attack by an adversary.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"30:T418,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sea-launched-nuclear-cruise-missile\"\u003eSea-launched nuclear cruise missile\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N will be launched from Virginia-class attack submarines and is centered around an \u0026#8220;All Up Round\u0026#8221; (AUR) concept.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes an expendable booster, a nuclear-capable cruise missile, and a launch canister, allowing underwater launches from Virginia Payload Tubes (VPT) or Virginia Payload Modules (VPM).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the Navy seeks missiles that are “as modular as possible,” incorporating both software and hardware, to ensure that modifications to the missile\u0026#8217;s body or shared tactical systems don’t necessitate changes to the warhead payload interfaces or avionics related to the nuclear mission.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The open system approach is being adopted to facilitate future technical upgrades or technology enhancements as needed throughout the SLCM-N program\u0026#8217;s lifespan,” the Navy\u0026#8217;s request indicates.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"31:T4fb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States originally introduced nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles during the mid-1980s with the deployment of the TLAM-N, a nuclear variant of the Tomahawk Land-Attack Missile.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese missiles, which had a range of about 2,500 kilometers (approximately 1,550 miles), were positioned on both surface vessels and attack submarines.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-after-3-decades\"\u003eAfter 3 decades\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1991, President George H.W. Bush declared the withdrawal of all sea-based tactical nuclear weapons, resulting in the removal of TLAM-N missiles by the middle of 1992.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Navy kept the option to redeploy them on attack submarines if necessary. However, in 2010, the Obama Administration recommended decommissioning the TLAM-N system, considering it redundant in light of other available nuclear capabilities. This retirement was finalized in 2013.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eunder\u003c/a\u003e the Trump Administration advocated for the development of a novel nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile, now referred to as SLCM-N. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"32:T486,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initiative aimed to provide a \u0026#8220;non-strategic regional presence\u0026#8221; and fulfill the need for \u0026#8220;flexible and low-yield options\u0026#8221; within the US nuclear arsenal.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N was designed to enhance deterrence against regional threats and reassure US allies.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-allocation-of-funds\"\u003eAllocation of funds\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its Fiscal Year 2022 budget proposal, the Biden Administration allocated funding for the research and development of the SLCM-N.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNonetheless, the 2022 NPR suggested discontinuing the program, indicating that current capabilities were adequate to meet deterrent requirements.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite this, Congress continued to fund the SLCM-N and its associated warhead. The Fiscal Year 2024 National Defense Authorization Act required the executive branch to ensure the SLCM-N\u0026#8217;s initial \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperational\u003c/a\u003e capability. Following this, the Administration has begun to take steps to implement the program. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"33:T1e32,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEdge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? HALO Space is making this dream a reality.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Edge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? HALO Space is making this dream a reality.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\"},\"wordCount\":1331,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"caption\":\"An image of the Aurora space capsule in flight attached to a balloon/parachute system.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Space\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"name\":\"Edge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? 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Better yet, if flying to the edge of space sounds like your dream experience, you can join a waiting list.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe stratospheric balloon system is designed to carry passengers 22 miles (35 kilometers) above the Earth\u0026#8217;s surface, offering an experience different from rocket-based space tourism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHALO Space\u003c/em\u003e expanded its testing and assembly operations to Saudi Arabia last month, which is a significant step forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move aligns with Saudi Arabia\u0026#8217;s aim to become a global leader in aerospace as part of the Vision 2030 initiative. The nation\u0026#8217;s clear skies and ample airspace make it an ideal environment for testing, according to a report by \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://spaceexplored.com/2024/10/07/halo-space-expands-testing-operations-to-saudi-arabia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSpace Explored.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering (IE\u003c/em\u003e) recently caught up with Carlos Mira (CEO) and Alberto Castrillo (CTO). We discussed the technology powering the \u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e space vehicle and HALO Space\u0026#8217;s plans for near-space tourism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-aurora-capsule-vs-spacex-and-blue-origin\"\u003eThe Aurora capsule vs. SpaceX and Blue Origin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121627\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA conceptual rendering of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature as seen from the Aurora space capsule showcasing the near-space \u0026#8216;overview\u0026#8217; effect. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a unique and serene experience compared to other space travel providers like SpaceX and Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo told\u003cem\u003e IE\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that, unlike companies that rely on powerful \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-of-fast-rockets-and-nuclear-propulsion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erocket propulsion\u003c/a\u003e, HALO Space uses helium balloons. These balloons gently lift the capsule into the stratosphere, and with that comes several \u0026#8220;distinctive advantages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA tranquil ascent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of the high-G forces and intense speeds typical of rocket launches, the Aurora capsule rises gradually,\u0026#8221; they said. This approach offers a peaceful journey with spectacular views of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature and space\u0026#8217;s darkness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMira and Castillo then highlighted the sustainability aspect of the stratospheric balloon system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026#8216;Reduced carbon footprint\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The use of helium balloons dramatically reduces the carbon footprint compared to rocket-based launches, making it a greener alternative for space tourism,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccessibility\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, since it avoids the physical demands of high-speed rocket travel, the Aurora capsule is accessible to a broader range of passengers. Miro and Castillo explained that this includes those who might need to be physically fit for traditional space travel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe \u0026#8216;overview effect\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also mentioned that HALO Space enables passengers to enjoy what is known as the \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-overview-effect-seeing-earth-from-above-can-inspire-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoverview effect\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026#8221; They said, \u0026#8220;This is a transformative experience of viewing Earth from the edge of space—for a full hour.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Overview Effect: It will transform how you think forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQsgGCXdAlY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that this duration sets HALO apart from rocket-based space tourism, where passengers typically experience this view for a few brief minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To date, fewer than 700 people have experienced this effect in space, but HALO aims to make it accessible to over 3,000 people each year,\u0026#8221; they stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-s-the-tech-making-near-space-balloon-systems-safe\"\u003eWhat\u0026#8217;s the tech making near-space balloon systems safe?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3840\" height=\"2160\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121620\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg 3840w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3840px) 100vw, 3840px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn image of the Aurora space capsule in a desert environment. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e prompted the duo to discuss the technology and safety measures to ensure a safe journey to the stratosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Safety is a top priority for HALO Space, and the Aurora capsule incorporates state-of-the-art technology to ensure a safe journey,\u0026#8221; they said.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the critical safety measures include multiple backup systems. They explain that the capsule is designed with redundant systems to ensure safety at all stages of the flight. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This includes redundant life support systems, communication systems, and safety mechanisms,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey then highlighted balloon and descent control. Simply put, the ascent is powered by a massive helium balloon that gradually expands as it rises into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/solar-geoengineering-sunlight-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estratosphere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;In the event of any unexpected issue, the descent can be safely controlled through a combination of precision parachutes and proprietary landing technologies,\u0026#8221; they explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e is then introduced to the advanced life support aboard the Aurora. According to Mira and Castrillo, the capsule is pressurized and climate-controlled. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures a comfortable environment for passengers while providing oxygen and maintaining optimal temperature and air pressure levels. Additionally, they highlight that the team at HALO Space has developed robust emergency protocols, and the flight is continuously monitored by a control team on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capsule also has an emergency parachute system that can be deployed if necessary during the descent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aurora-beyond-tourism\"\u003eAurora, beyond tourism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121619\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA digital rendering of a view from Aurora from space. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule has significant potential beyond tourism,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo emphasized. \u0026#8220;The ability to reach near-space offers numerous opportunities for scientific research and other industries.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtmospheric and climate studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, they highlighted how the stratosphere is a prime location for monitoring Earth\u0026#8217;s atmosphere and studying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/satellite-megaconstellations-surge-damage-ozone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eozone depletion\u003c/a\u003e, pollution, and weather patterns. \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule can carry instruments to collect valuable data for climate scientists,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnology testing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the near-space environment offers conditions similar to those found in space. Such conditions include low temperatures, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Companies can use the Aurora capsule to test new space technologies in these conditions at a lower cost than launching satellites or rockets,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommercial applications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBusinesses in industries like telecommunications and remote sensing may also find near-space operations attractive for testing or deploying certain types of equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-balloons-vs-rockets-what-are-the-sustainability-benefits-of-aurora\"\u003eBalloons vs. rockets: what are the sustainability benefits of Aurora?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a much more environmentally friendly approach to space tourism compared to traditional rocket-based travel,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd here’s why.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the duo, Aurora has zero emissions during ascent. Unlike rockets, which burn massive amounts of fuel and release large quantities of CO2 and other pollutants into the atmosphere, \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent is powered by a helium balloon, which does not generate any harmful emissions,\u0026#8221; they argued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey emphasized to \u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e that helium, an inert and non-toxic lifting agent, powers the capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent with minimal environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Especially when compared to the fuel-intensive methods used by companies like SpaceX or Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also claimed the Aurora capsule uses less energy overall compared to rocket-based flight. \u0026#8220;The entire journey is less energy-intensive because it avoids the massive fuel consumption required for rocket launches,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This reduces the overall carbon footprint of each flight, making HALO Space the most sustainable option for near-space tourism.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-will-near-space-tourism-evolve-in-the-future\"\u003eHow will near-space tourism evolve in the future?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Near-space tourism is on the verge of a significant transformation,\u0026#8221; the duo said. \u0026#8220;And HALO Space aims to play a pivotal role in making this frontier accessible to a broader audience.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey reasoned that unlike the current \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-first-outer-space-travel-announced-at-210000-for-12-minute-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espace tourism market\u003c/a\u003e, which remains exclusive and expensive, HALO Space envisions a future where near-space experiences are available to many more people. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis will be due to the lower cost and lower barriers to entry compared to rocket-based options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The gentle ascent and non-rocket-based approach open the door for more inclusive space travel,\u0026#8221; they said. \u0026#8220;[This includes] those who are older, less physically fit, or seeking a less intense experience than what traditional spaceflights offer.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-at-the-forefront-of-a-new-era-in-space-exploration\"\u003e\u0026#8216;At the forefront of a new era in space exploration\u0026#8217;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space will democratize near-space access by offering more frequent and affordable flights. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that it pioneers new uses for near-space technology in research and commercial applications while leading the way in sustainable space tourism with its non-fuel technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;HALO Space is at the forefront of a new era in space exploration, where the dream of experiencing the overview effect is no longer limited to astronauts or the super-wealthy,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey argued that by focusing on accessibility, sustainability, and safety, HALO Space opens the door to new possibilities for space tourism, scientific discovery, and commercial innovation. \u0026#8220;Our goal is not just to take passengers on an unforgettable journey but to inspire a deeper connection to the planet and our place in the universe,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo concluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We believe that the Aurora capsule offers not just an adventure, but a transformative experience that will forever change how people see the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"35:Ta87,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move aligns with Saudi Arabia\u0026#8217;s aim to become a global leader in aerospace as part of the Vision 2030 initiative. The nation\u0026#8217;s clear skies and ample airspace make it an ideal environment for testing, according to a report by \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://spaceexplored.com/2024/10/07/halo-space-expands-testing-operations-to-saudi-arabia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSpace Explored.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering (IE\u003c/em\u003e) recently caught up with Carlos Mira (CEO) and Alberto Castrillo (CTO). We discussed the technology powering the \u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e space vehicle and HALO Space\u0026#8217;s plans for near-space tourism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-aurora-capsule-vs-spacex-and-blue-origin\"\u003eThe Aurora capsule vs. SpaceX and Blue Origin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121627\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA conceptual rendering of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature as seen from the Aurora space capsule showcasing the near-space \u0026#8216;overview\u0026#8217; effect. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a unique and serene experience compared to other space travel providers like SpaceX and Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo told\u003cem\u003e IE\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that, unlike companies that rely on powerful \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-of-fast-rockets-and-nuclear-propulsion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erocket propulsion\u003c/a\u003e, HALO Space uses helium balloons. These balloons gently lift the capsule into the stratosphere, and with that comes several \u0026#8220;distinctive advantages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"36:Tc5d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe \u0026#8216;overview effect\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also mentioned that HALO Space enables passengers to enjoy what is known as the \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-overview-effect-seeing-earth-from-above-can-inspire-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoverview effect\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026#8221; They said, \u0026#8220;This is a transformative experience of viewing Earth from the edge of space—for a full hour.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Overview Effect: It will transform how you think forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQsgGCXdAlY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that this duration sets HALO apart from rocket-based space tourism, where passengers typically experience this view for a few brief minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To date, fewer than 700 people have experienced this effect in space, but HALO aims to make it accessible to over 3,000 people each year,\u0026#8221; they stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-s-the-tech-making-near-space-balloon-systems-safe\"\u003eWhat\u0026#8217;s the tech making near-space balloon systems safe?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3840\" height=\"2160\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121620\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg 3840w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3840px) 100vw, 3840px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn image of the Aurora space capsule in a desert environment. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e prompted the duo to discuss the technology and safety measures to ensure a safe journey to the stratosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Safety is a top priority for HALO Space, and the Aurora capsule incorporates state-of-the-art technology to ensure a safe journey,\u0026#8221; they said.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"37:T534,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the critical safety measures include multiple backup systems. They explain that the capsule is designed with redundant systems to ensure safety at all stages of the flight. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This includes redundant life support systems, communication systems, and safety mechanisms,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey then highlighted balloon and descent control. Simply put, the ascent is powered by a massive helium balloon that gradually expands as it rises into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/solar-geoengineering-sunlight-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estratosphere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;In the event of any unexpected issue, the descent can be safely controlled through a combination of precision parachutes and proprietary landing technologies,\u0026#8221; they explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e is then introduced to the advanced life support aboard the Aurora. According to Mira and Castrillo, the capsule is pressurized and climate-controlled. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures a comfortable environment for passengers while providing oxygen and maintaining optimal temperature and air pressure levels. Additionally, they highlight that the team at HALO Space has developed robust emergency protocols, and the flight is continuously monitored by a control team on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"38:T80f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capsule also has an emergency parachute system that can be deployed if necessary during the descent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aurora-beyond-tourism\"\u003eAurora, beyond tourism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121619\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA digital rendering of a view from Aurora from space. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule has significant potential beyond tourism,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo emphasized. \u0026#8220;The ability to reach near-space offers numerous opportunities for scientific research and other industries.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtmospheric and climate studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, they highlighted how the stratosphere is a prime location for monitoring Earth\u0026#8217;s atmosphere and studying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/satellite-megaconstellations-surge-damage-ozone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eozone depletion\u003c/a\u003e, pollution, and weather patterns. \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule can carry instruments to collect valuable data for climate scientists,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:T466,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommercial applications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBusinesses in industries like telecommunications and remote sensing may also find near-space operations attractive for testing or deploying certain types of equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-balloons-vs-rockets-what-are-the-sustainability-benefits-of-aurora\"\u003eBalloons vs. rockets: what are the sustainability benefits of Aurora?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a much more environmentally friendly approach to space tourism compared to traditional rocket-based travel,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd here’s why.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the duo, Aurora has zero emissions during ascent. Unlike rockets, which burn massive amounts of fuel and release large quantities of CO2 and other pollutants into the atmosphere, \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent is powered by a helium balloon, which does not generate any harmful emissions,\u0026#8221; they argued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey emphasized to \u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e that helium, an inert and non-toxic lifting agent, powers the capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent with minimal environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3a:T4f4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Especially when compared to the fuel-intensive methods used by companies like SpaceX or Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also claimed the Aurora capsule uses less energy overall compared to rocket-based flight. \u0026#8220;The entire journey is less energy-intensive because it avoids the massive fuel consumption required for rocket launches,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This reduces the overall carbon footprint of each flight, making HALO Space the most sustainable option for near-space tourism.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-will-near-space-tourism-evolve-in-the-future\"\u003eHow will near-space tourism evolve in the future?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Near-space tourism is on the verge of a significant transformation,\u0026#8221; the duo said. \u0026#8220;And HALO Space aims to play a pivotal role in making this frontier accessible to a broader audience.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey reasoned that unlike the current \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-first-outer-space-travel-announced-at-210000-for-12-minute-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espace tourism market\u003c/a\u003e, which remains exclusive and expensive, HALO Space envisions a future where near-space experiences are available to many more people. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T437,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis will be due to the lower cost and lower barriers to entry compared to rocket-based options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The gentle ascent and non-rocket-based approach open the door for more inclusive space travel,\u0026#8221; they said. \u0026#8220;[This includes] those who are older, less physically fit, or seeking a less intense experience than what traditional spaceflights offer.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-at-the-forefront-of-a-new-era-in-space-exploration\"\u003e\u0026#8216;At the forefront of a new era in space exploration\u0026#8217;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space will democratize near-space access by offering more frequent and affordable flights. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that it pioneers new uses for near-space technology in research and commercial applications while leading the way in sustainable space tourism with its non-fuel technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;HALO Space is at the forefront of a new era in space exploration, where the dream of experiencing the overview effect is no longer limited to astronauts or the super-wealthy,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:T1f4d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s first fully robotic double lung transplant performed at NYU\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"NYU Langone performs the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant, marking a breakthrough in minimally 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content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T16:44:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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content=\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T17e7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eNew York University (NYU) Langone Health achieved a medical milestone by performing the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA 57-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent a double lung transplant using the da Vinci Xi robotic system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSmall incisions between the ribs allowed the robotic system to remove each lung, prepare the surgical site, and implant the new lungs. Both lungs were successfully transplanted entirely with robotic techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the team, the procedure showcases a breakthrough in robotic surgery and advances minimally invasive care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-lung-surgery\"\u003eAdvancing lung surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn October 22, 2024, a double lung transplant was performed on Cheryl Mehrkar, four days after she was added to the transplant list following months of evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosed with COPD at 43, she inherited a genetic predisposition to lung disease, and her condition worsened after contracting COVID-19 in 2022. An adventurous individual, she was a scuba divemaster, avid motorcyclist, and karate black belt, operating a dojo with her husband for over 20 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth challenges led her to retire from teaching karate, but she continued serving her community as a volunteer emergency medical technician with the Union Vale Fire Department in Dutchess County, New York, where she remains active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg\" alt=\"World's first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\" class=\"wp-image-122453\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWorld\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By using these robotic systems, we aim to reduce the impact this major surgery has on patients, limit their postoperative pain, and give them the best possible outcome,\u0026#8221; said Stephanie H. Chang, surgical director of the Lung Transplant Program for the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA month earlier, Chang and her team at NYU had performed the nation’s first fully robotic single lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-autonomous-surgery\"\u003eAutonomous surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis month, a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e trained solely by analyzing videos of experienced surgeons successfully replicated complex surgical procedures with skills comparable to human doctors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement highlighted the potential of imitation learning, a method that brings robotic surgery closer to autonomy, where robots could \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eindependently\u003c/a\u003e perform intricate procedures without human intervention.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers from Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University trained a da Vinci Surgical System robot in three basic activities: suturing, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etissue\u003c/a\u003e lifting, and needle handling. The robot performed these activities with human-like skill by using imitation learning, which eliminated the necessity for meticulously programming each movement for each medical procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the future of surgery robotic?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ELq6-9jQgeU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKinematic data, which mathematically represents robotic motion, was combined with methods from sophisticated language models to create the training model, which included machine learning concepts. With this method, the robot was able to learn from surgical videos that were recorded by da Vinci systems\u0026#8217; wrist-mounted cameras. With over 7,000 da Vinci robots and more than 50,000 surgeons trained worldwide, there is a sizable dataset to improve this technology even more.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the da Vinci system is known for input inaccuracies, researchers overcame this by focusing on relative movements instead of absolute actions. This adjustment improved precision and adaptability, allowing the robot to generalize to new environments and tasks, such as recovering a dropped needle during surgery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe new model streamlines robot training, enabling surgical robots to learn procedures in days rather than years. According to experts, the innovation has the potential to advance surgical autonomy, minimize errors, and enhance procedural accuracy, marking a significant leap forward in robotic medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3e:T9ff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-lung-surgery\"\u003eAdvancing lung surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn October 22, 2024, a double lung transplant was performed on Cheryl Mehrkar, four days after she was added to the transplant list following months of evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosed with COPD at 43, she inherited a genetic predisposition to lung disease, and her condition worsened after contracting COVID-19 in 2022. An adventurous individual, she was a scuba divemaster, avid motorcyclist, and karate black belt, operating a dojo with her husband for over 20 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth challenges led her to retire from teaching karate, but she continued serving her community as a volunteer emergency medical technician with the Union Vale Fire Department in Dutchess County, New York, where she remains active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg\" alt=\"World's first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\" class=\"wp-image-122453\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWorld\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By using these robotic systems, we aim to reduce the impact this major surgery has on patients, limit their postoperative pain, and give them the best possible outcome,\u0026#8221; said Stephanie H. Chang, surgical director of the Lung Transplant Program for the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA month earlier, Chang and her team at NYU had performed the nation’s first fully robotic single lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:T8da,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-autonomous-surgery\"\u003eAutonomous surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis month, a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e trained solely by analyzing videos of experienced surgeons successfully replicated complex surgical procedures with skills comparable to human doctors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement highlighted the potential of imitation learning, a method that brings robotic surgery closer to autonomy, where robots could \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eindependently\u003c/a\u003e perform intricate procedures without human intervention.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers from Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University trained a da Vinci Surgical System robot in three basic activities: suturing, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etissue\u003c/a\u003e lifting, and needle handling. The robot performed these activities with human-like skill by using imitation learning, which eliminated the necessity for meticulously programming each movement for each medical procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the future of surgery robotic?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ELq6-9jQgeU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKinematic data, which mathematically represents robotic motion, was combined with methods from sophisticated language models to create the training model, which included machine learning concepts. With this method, the robot was able to learn from surgical videos that were recorded by da Vinci systems\u0026#8217; wrist-mounted cameras. With over 7,000 da Vinci robots and more than 50,000 surgeons trained worldwide, there is a sizable dataset to improve this technology even more.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"40:T206a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eStarlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Starlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:53:33+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:59:16+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"42:Ta9f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"43:T61f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"44:T1be2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eCoatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Coatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"45:T15f6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. Even massive ships use special coatings to prevent marine life forms from attaching themselves to the hull and increasing friction during voyages.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"46:T4b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"47:T9f9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"48:T479,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"49:T187c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWhy Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. 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Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"565\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"406\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4b:T1680,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4c:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4d:T4e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4e:T499,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4f:T44f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"50:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new 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Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting 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Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"52:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"53:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"54:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"55:T1eb2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina PLA\u0026#039;s supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese military-developed supercomputer Tianhe Exa-node Prototype has taken the top spot in the Green Graph500 ranking\u0026#039;s big data category.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China PLA\u0026#039;s supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese military-developed supercomputer Tianhe Exa-node Prototype has taken the top spot in the Green Graph500 ranking\u0026#039;s big data category.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T11:17:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T11:17:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/iStock-11481962011.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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Tianhe, created by the National University of Defense Technology, tops the latest list of the world’s most power-efficient big data processing systems, achieving its second win since 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe advanced computing power of supercomputers can be applied to simulations for studying climate change, conducting materials research, exploring space, and developing treatments for various diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-energy-efficient-big-data-computing\"\u003eEnergy-efficient big data computing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Green Graph500 list measures performance-per-watt for processing large graphs, comparing the energy efficiency of the fastest supercomputers tackling data-intensive tasks. First released in 2010, it is the leading international ranking for assessing the performance of supercomputers in graph computation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s indigenous supercomputer, the Tianhe Exa-node Prototype, reached 6,320 MTEPS/W, securing the top position in the Green Graph500 ranking for big data. This performance metric, measured in million traversed edges per second per watt, evaluates a system\u0026#8217;s efficiency in internal data communication, \u003cem\u003ethe South China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287561/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-computing-efficiency-list-amid-race-ai-dominance?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=subsection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereports\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt surpassed the previous Tianhe Exa-node Prototype, which achieved 4,385 MTEPS/W and placed first runner-up, as well as Eniad, a supercomputer developed by the University of Pennsylvania, which ranked third with 2,057 MTEPS/W. Tianhe last topped the list in July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGraph analysis is a growing field in AI computing that focuses on identifying connections within graph structures. It is a valuable tool for studying complex networks, patterns, and structured data. For instance, it can be used to analyze social media relationship maps or transaction histories across multiple accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ornl-discovery-fastest-supercomputer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEnergy-efficient\u003c/a\u003e big data computing is also becoming increasingly essential, as energy consumption is expected to be a limiting factor. As the need for large-scale data analysis grows, graph computing is becoming an important aspect of big data and artificial intelligence, attracting increasing research interest worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-major-breakthrough-in-data-analysis\"\u003eMajor breakthrough in data analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Meng Xiangfei, the chief scientist at the National Supercomputer Centre in Tianjin, which hosts the Tianhe supercomputer, the top ranking reflects significant international breakthroughs in the system\u0026#8217;s ability to handle complex data analysis, as reported by state news agency Xinhua. The Chinese researcher added that it would play a crucial role in advancing the development of next-generation intelligent technologies. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTianhe has also contributed to the center\u0026#8217;s significant achievements in research areas like numerical simulation technology, materials computation, and environmental meteorology, according to a post on the Chinese social media platform WeChat.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, the system has also achieved major breakthroughs in industrial areas such as superintelligent integration, large generative models, and supercomputing internet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Chinese National Supercomputing Center (NSC) in Guangzhou also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-unveils-fastest-homegrown-supercomputer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eintroduced\u003c/a\u003e the domestically developed supercomputer, Tianhe Xingyi. While no specifications had been disclosed, officials have claimed that it surpasses the capabilities of the renowned Tianhe-2 supercomputer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"57:T53b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-energy-efficient-big-data-computing\"\u003eEnergy-efficient big data computing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Green Graph500 list measures performance-per-watt for processing large graphs, comparing the energy efficiency of the fastest supercomputers tackling data-intensive tasks. First released in 2010, it is the leading international ranking for assessing the performance of supercomputers in graph computation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s indigenous supercomputer, the Tianhe Exa-node Prototype, reached 6,320 MTEPS/W, securing the top position in the Green Graph500 ranking for big data. This performance metric, measured in million traversed edges per second per watt, evaluates a system\u0026#8217;s efficiency in internal data communication, \u003cem\u003ethe South China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287561/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-computing-efficiency-list-amid-race-ai-dominance?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=subsection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereports\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt surpassed the previous Tianhe Exa-node Prototype, which achieved 4,385 MTEPS/W and placed first runner-up, as well as Eniad, a supercomputer developed by the University of Pennsylvania, which ranked third with 2,057 MTEPS/W. Tianhe last topped the list in July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"58:T556,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGraph analysis is a growing field in AI computing that focuses on identifying connections within graph structures. It is a valuable tool for studying complex networks, patterns, and structured data. For instance, it can be used to analyze social media relationship maps or transaction histories across multiple accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ornl-discovery-fastest-supercomputer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEnergy-efficient\u003c/a\u003e big data computing is also becoming increasingly essential, as energy consumption is expected to be a limiting factor. As the need for large-scale data analysis grows, graph computing is becoming an important aspect of big data and artificial intelligence, attracting increasing research interest worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-major-breakthrough-in-data-analysis\"\u003eMajor breakthrough in data analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Meng Xiangfei, the chief scientist at the National Supercomputer Centre in Tianjin, which hosts the Tianhe supercomputer, the top ranking reflects significant international breakthroughs in the system\u0026#8217;s ability to handle complex data analysis, as reported by state news agency Xinhua. 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While no specifications had been disclosed, officials have claimed that it surpasses the capabilities of the renowned Tianhe-2 supercomputer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5a:T1961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eAre kamikaze drones a threat to the America?\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Are kamikaze drones a threat to the America? on Interesting Engineering. 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These drones are difficult to detect, inexpensive to produce, and disturbingly easy to deploy, allowing even smaller groups to access cutting-edge military technology. Designed to loiter in the air before targeting and striking with explosive payloads, they can blend seamlessly into civilian areas, making them particularly hard to counter. This combination of factors has made them a growing threat on the battlefield and a challenge for global security forces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo combat this rising threat, military organizations are developing a range of defensive measures, from advanced radar systems to detect drones early, to electronic jamming technologies that disrupt their communication and navigation. AI-driven defense networks are also being implemented to identify and neutralize drones more effectively. Despite these advancements, the rapid evolution of drone technology and the relative ease of their acquisition mean the threat is far from under control. The race to develop countermeasures is ongoing, as nations strive to adapt to the growing use of kamikaze drones in conflicts around the world.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5c:T1fd2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could save a failing recycling industry\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A new catalytic process, developed by scientists at UC Berkeley, tackles one of the main problems with traditional plastic recycling today.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How vaporizing plastics could save a failing recycling industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new catalytic process, developed by scientists at UC Berkeley, tackles one of the main problems with traditional plastic recycling today.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T07:14:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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content=\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5d:T26b3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA team of scientists from University of California, Berkeley, has developed a new method for breaking plastics down into their original building blocks. This could unlock a new highly-efficient recycling industry that produces valuable plastics and reduces the need to derive them from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem with recycling methods today is that they collect and combine plastics with different chemical architectures to create weaker, less useful plastics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The biggest problem is that there are hundreds of different types of these plastics with different lengths of [carbon atom] chains and distribution of lengths of the chains, etc.,” said John Hartwig, professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enew study\u003c/a\u003e, in an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Each of these is made for specific purposes, like a yogurt container or the inside of a car door, from the same monomer but with a different chemical architecture to give different properties,” he continued. “When those are mixed and melted and used to reform a new object, it does not have the properties of either the yogurt container or the car door.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plastic-waste-and-traditional-recycling\"\u003ePlastic waste and traditional recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic waste is a well-known problem all over the globe. Despite best efforts, it has become uncontrollable. According to a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/everything-you-need-know-about-plastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereport\u003c/a\u003e, approximately 430 million tons of plastic is produced yearly. Almost half of that ends up in a landfill, while 22% is mismanaged and ends up in the natural environment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is largely down to the fact the world reached \u003ca href=\"https://www.packaginginsights.com/news/plastic-overshoot-day-annual-global-waste-production-set-to-outpace-management-by-220-million-tons.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePlastic Overshoot Day\u003c/a\u003e on September 5. That is, the day in the year when plastic waste surpasses the capability of waste management systems to handle the massive amounts produced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem isn’t going away any time soon and we are in dire need of more effective solutions. According to Hartwig and his team, it would be unwise to completely turn our back on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e. Instead, we should make sure we can retain its value throughout the recycling process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are fantastic materials,” Hartwig told IE. “They are much lighter than glass or metal but can have enough strength. They are more pliable than glass. One would not wrap food to preserve it in glass and ship and store the food in glass, for example. It even uses less energy and water to produce than paper.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The issue with plastic is that it lasts a long time and is difficult to recycle,” he continued. “Paper, glass and aluminum are easier to recycle, although this recycling, particularly of glass, uses a lot of energy.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team set out to develop a method that would conserve the original value of virgin plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which are widely used for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-pollution-ocean-floor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastic bags\u003c/a\u003e and hard plastic packaging, respectively. They devised a catalytic process that essentially vaporizes these plastics, converting them into hydrocarbon gases. These can then be used to manufacture virgin plastics from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chemical-recycling\"\u003eChemical recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new method solves a key problems of traditional recycling: the diminishing returns related to the quality of plastic produced. Typically, plastics created via recycling won’t be reused for the same plastic packaging and containers found in supermarkets—such as for yogurts, milk cartons, and plastic bags. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn fact, some argue that the word \u0026#8216;recycle\u0026#8217; is a misnomer, and the most widely used process should really be called \u0026#8216;downcycling\u0026#8217;. Bottles and supermarket goods, for example, are often turned into plastic trays and carpeting, and can’t be reused to create the same single-use products.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are currently recycled by mechanical recycling,” Hartwig said. “By this method, plastics of a similar type are combined and reprocessed to make something new. However, the properties are deteriorated by mechanical recycling, so the value of the material produced is much lower.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team’s method addresses this problem. If it delivers on the promise, it could finally create a truly circular economy for valuable plastics. The method, called chemical recycling, breaks the chemical bonds in polymer chains to allow for the creation of new virgin plastics. Unlike traditional recycling, the process of plastic creation happens from scratch. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the best-case scenario, polymer chains are broken to recreate the monomer from which the polymer was made,” Hartwig explained. “In our work, we found a way to cleave carbon-carbon bonds to form a single product that can be used to make new plastics. Thus, one can envision chemically recycling polyethylene and polypropylene to make the monomers from which new plastics with the original properties could be made.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Plastics to Building Blocks\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/z39v6l6neGo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-like-deconstructing-a-metal-chain\"\u003eLike deconstructing a metal chain\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo devise their new method, Hartwig and his team built on one of their own studies from 2022. In that paper, they outlined a new process using a catalyst to break long polyethylene (PE) polymers into uniform chunks. The three-carbon molecule propylene chunks created in the process are the building blocks for high-value plastics, such as polypropylene.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of their latest research, Hartwig and team demonstrated they could deconstruct the bonds in both polyethylene and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-bioplastic-degrades-faster-than-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolypropylene\u003c/a\u003e to make a single product. Moreover, they could do this using catalysts that are cheap and commercially available. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir process cracks the chain at 320°C and leaves a reactive carbon-carbon double bond. The catalyst then uses that double bond in a reaction with ethylene, which contains two carbon atoms. This attaches one carbon atom to the end to make propylene, containing three carbon atoms, leaving a chain that is once carbon atom shorter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Hartwig, “this happens to each of the roughly thousand carbon atoms in the chain to leave nothing behind by the catalyst and emits propylene gas.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In non-chemical terms, I like to compare it to deconstructing a metal chain,” he said. “First, we cleave the chain in the middle with a catalyst and leave at the ends a reactive unit—a carbon-carbon double bond. In the chain analogy this would be an open link. Then a catalyst will remove that open link by attaching it to a new one.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By doing so, the next chain link is left open. The catalyst can then attach that open chain link at the end to a new chain,” Hartwig continued. “Alternatively, one can compare it to taking apart a pearl necklace. In this analogy, the chain is broken in the middle, allowing the pearls to be removed one at a time. In the process of removing them, they are attached to two new pearls to make new units of three pearls.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-when-will-we-see-the-new-circular-economy\"\u003eWhen will we see the new circular economy?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, Hartwig and his team’s new process could lead to a massive reduction in the amount of new plastics produced. Over time, this would reduce the vast amount of fossil fuels used to create new plastics. It would also prevent a lot of plastics from ending up in landfills and a lot of chemical waste—produced by traditional recycling methods—from going into the atmosphere. The method could also substantially reduce existing waste, as this would become a source for valuable new plastics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, it may be a while before the new method starts operating on an industrial scale. According to Hartwig, “one could envision being able to increase the scale of the reaction by improvements in the catalyst and in the engineering of reactors. [However], the timescale and probability of it becoming commercialized is too hard to predict.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say his team isn’t looking to take their method to the next phase. While Hartwig emphasizes the fact that “large chemical processes do take time to translate to commercial scale,” he is hopeful that his team will get there eventually. “We have applied to funding sources to bridge this gap between discovery and commercialization,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5e:T5c6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The biggest problem is that there are hundreds of different types of these plastics with different lengths of [carbon atom] chains and distribution of lengths of the chains, etc.,” said John Hartwig, professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enew study\u003c/a\u003e, in an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Each of these is made for specific purposes, like a yogurt container or the inside of a car door, from the same monomer but with a different chemical architecture to give different properties,” he continued. “When those are mixed and melted and used to reform a new object, it does not have the properties of either the yogurt container or the car door.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plastic-waste-and-traditional-recycling\"\u003ePlastic waste and traditional recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic waste is a well-known problem all over the globe. Despite best efforts, it has become uncontrollable. According to a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/everything-you-need-know-about-plastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereport\u003c/a\u003e, approximately 430 million tons of plastic is produced yearly. Almost half of that ends up in a landfill, while 22% is mismanaged and ends up in the natural environment.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5f:T594,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is largely down to the fact the world reached \u003ca href=\"https://www.packaginginsights.com/news/plastic-overshoot-day-annual-global-waste-production-set-to-outpace-management-by-220-million-tons.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePlastic Overshoot Day\u003c/a\u003e on September 5. That is, the day in the year when plastic waste surpasses the capability of waste management systems to handle the massive amounts produced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem isn’t going away any time soon and we are in dire need of more effective solutions. According to Hartwig and his team, it would be unwise to completely turn our back on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e. Instead, we should make sure we can retain its value throughout the recycling process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are fantastic materials,” Hartwig told IE. “They are much lighter than glass or metal but can have enough strength. They are more pliable than glass. One would not wrap food to preserve it in glass and ship and store the food in glass, for example. It even uses less energy and water to produce than paper.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The issue with plastic is that it lasts a long time and is difficult to recycle,” he continued. “Paper, glass and aluminum are easier to recycle, although this recycling, particularly of glass, uses a lot of energy.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:T4f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team set out to develop a method that would conserve the original value of virgin plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which are widely used for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-pollution-ocean-floor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastic bags\u003c/a\u003e and hard plastic packaging, respectively. They devised a catalytic process that essentially vaporizes these plastics, converting them into hydrocarbon gases. These can then be used to manufacture virgin plastics from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chemical-recycling\"\u003eChemical recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new method solves a key problems of traditional recycling: the diminishing returns related to the quality of plastic produced. Typically, plastics created via recycling won’t be reused for the same plastic packaging and containers found in supermarkets—such as for yogurts, milk cartons, and plastic bags. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn fact, some argue that the word \u0026#8216;recycle\u0026#8217; is a misnomer, and the most widely used process should really be called \u0026#8216;downcycling\u0026#8217;. Bottles and supermarket goods, for example, are often turned into plastic trays and carpeting, and can’t be reused to create the same single-use products.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"61:T46c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are currently recycled by mechanical recycling,” Hartwig said. “By this method, plastics of a similar type are combined and reprocessed to make something new. However, the properties are deteriorated by mechanical recycling, so the value of the material produced is much lower.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team’s method addresses this problem. If it delivers on the promise, it could finally create a truly circular economy for valuable plastics. The method, called chemical recycling, breaks the chemical bonds in polymer chains to allow for the creation of new virgin plastics. Unlike traditional recycling, the process of plastic creation happens from scratch. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the best-case scenario, polymer chains are broken to recreate the monomer from which the polymer was made,” Hartwig explained. “In our work, we found a way to cleave carbon-carbon bonds to form a single product that can be used to make new plastics. Thus, one can envision chemically recycling polyethylene and polypropylene to make the monomers from which new plastics with the original properties could be made.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"62:T6d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Plastics to Building Blocks\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/z39v6l6neGo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-like-deconstructing-a-metal-chain\"\u003eLike deconstructing a metal chain\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo devise their new method, Hartwig and his team built on one of their own studies from 2022. In that paper, they outlined a new process using a catalyst to break long polyethylene (PE) polymers into uniform chunks. The three-carbon molecule propylene chunks created in the process are the building blocks for high-value plastics, such as polypropylene.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of their latest research, Hartwig and team demonstrated they could deconstruct the bonds in both polyethylene and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-bioplastic-degrades-faster-than-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolypropylene\u003c/a\u003e to make a single product. Moreover, they could do this using catalysts that are cheap and commercially available. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir process cracks the chain at 320°C and leaves a reactive carbon-carbon double bond. The catalyst then uses that double bond in a reaction with ethylene, which contains two carbon atoms. This attaches one carbon atom to the end to make propylene, containing three carbon atoms, leaving a chain that is once carbon atom shorter.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"63:T1de8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSupersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"766\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"566\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"64:T2410,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"65:T7b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"66:T43f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"67:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"68:T486,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"69:T454,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6a:T457,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6b:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6c:T187c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWhy Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. 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60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:25:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1160\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"557\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 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60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6e:T1980,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6f:T7d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"70:T6f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"71:T88c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"72:T1975,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFrom Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/from-falcon-to-the-deadliest-viper-yet-f-16v\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Watch From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V on Interesting Engineering. 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Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"74:T465,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-16 Fighting Falcon, a cornerstone of modern air power, has cemented its legacy as one of the most versatile and widely used fighter jets in history. Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"75:T2039,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"76:T1769,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessel sectors for the world\u0026#8217;s largest fusion project, made in South Korea, have been delivered to the construction site in Cadarache, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFour of the nine vacuum vessel sectors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) were built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:T961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"78:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"79:T70c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7a:T1c4c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture plant to suck 500,000 tons of CO2 yearly\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"wordCount\":552,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Artist's rendering of a direct-air-capture facility powered by wind energy. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\",\"name\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\",\"description\":\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Artist's rendering of a direct-air-capture facility powered by wind energy.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture plant to suck 500,000 tons of CO2 yearly\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7b:T1414,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe world\u0026#8217;s first wind-powered carbon capture facility will be built in Tom Green County, Texas. Dubbed Project Concho, the facility aims to capture 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually beyond 2030 and will generate verified carbon credits of significant value, a press release said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the name suggests, direct air capture (DAC) technology allows for the capture of carbon directly from the air in an attempt to reduce the circulating CO2 in the atmosphere. This can help combat climate change and slow down the planet\u0026#8217;s warming. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7c:T48b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7d:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7e:T8b3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7f:T1cdb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS deploys stratospheric robotic cameras on balloons nationwide\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Near Space Labs has launched the first nationwide network of zero-emission, AI-enabled stratospheric robots for aerial monitoring.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US deploys stratospheric robotic cameras on balloons nationwide\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Near Space Labs has launched the first nationwide network of zero-emission, AI-enabled stratospheric robots for aerial monitoring.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T20:44:36+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T20:44:42+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T004057.652.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"80:T1422,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs, a startup based in Brooklyn, New York, has achieved a significant milestone with the nationwide deployment of its Swift robots across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accomplishment marks the establishment of the first network of stratospheric robots delivering ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery throughout the continental US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Swift robots now offer enhanced resolution capabilities of 7 centimeters, which match or surpass traditional aerial survey quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Swift is a zero-emission robot that can capture up to 1,000 square kilometers of imagery in a single flight—an area equivalent to the combined size of New York City’s five boroughs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOperating at altitudes between 60,000 and 85,000 feet, this compact 12-pound autonomous system provides insurance companies, urban planners, and government agencies with unprecedented access to highly detailed and frequently updated aerial imagery, all at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-first-ever-deployment\"\u003eFirst-ever deployment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs\u0026#8217; nationwide expansion and improvements in imaging are crucial for the US home insurance industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, the industry experienced its worst crisis in decades, with net combined ratios exceeding 110 percent and losses surpassing $101 billion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese results are largely driven by the increased frequency and severity of weather events, including devastating hurricanes, tornadoes, and catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsequently, major insurance companies are withdrawing from high-risk states such as Florida, California, and Texas, threatening homeownership and regional economies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe root of this crisis is the growing gap \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/top-7-robotics-stories-of-2023-interesting-engineering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebetween\u003c/a\u003e escalating climate risks and insurers\u0026#8217; ability to assess them accurately.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Many insurance companies are still relying on aerial data collection methods from the 1950s to assess 2024\u0026#8217;s climate risks,\u0026#8221; said Rema Matevosyan, CEO of Near Space Labs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;When you consider that only six percent of the $250 billion in losses from Hurricane Helene may be covered by insurance, it becomes clear that outdated risk assessment methods are creating a domino effect: poor data leads to inadequate policy pricing, which leads to carrier losses, which ultimately forces insurers to abandon entire markets—leaving homeowners stranded and unable to secure mortgages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-autonomous-robots\"\u003eAutonomous robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs is launching a nationwide deployment of top-quality imaging capabilities to address a significant challenge for insurance carriers. This initiative will provide detailed, up-to-date property data every quarter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unprecedented frequency of these updates allows insurers to monitor changing conditions, assess risks more accurately, and price policies appropriately. This could enable them to re-enter markets they previously abandoned.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis rollout marks the first-ever nationwide deployment of ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery at scale, surpassing all existing commercial options such as satellites, drones, and airplanes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this initiative and the backing of Fortune 500 insurers, Near Space aims to tackle America’s home insurance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by inadequate data that leads to substantial losses and market exit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With our balloons and our Swifts, insurance companies are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-robot-kidnaps-12-robots-in-shanghai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eable\u003c/a\u003e to get access to information right after the catastrophe and assess the damage and pay out claims within days instead of weeks and months,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241121549156/en/Near-Space-Labs-Announces-Nationwide-Deployment-of-Stratospheric-Robots-Featuring-New-Industry-Leading-7cm-Resolution-Aerial-Imagery?_gl=1*1i1l21z*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MzIxOTM3NzIuQ2owS0NRaUEwZnU1QmhEUUFSSXNBTVhVQk9MX3JuS1liUUhLT05xN2JqOHpSME41SVE0eFdaQ0RZaW8xU0NaekdQelJSWlpVakkzZi11VWFBbl8xRUFMd193Y0I.*_gcl_au*MjA5MzM5MTEzOC4xNzI3NzMyMjc5LjU1NjY5NjcwNi4xNzMyMTkzNzExLjE3MzIxOTM3MTA.*_ga*MTczNjMwNjQyMi4xNzI3NzMyMjc4*_ga_ZQWF70T3FK*MTczMjE5NzM1OS4yNy4xLjE3MzIxOTc3NjUuNDguMC4w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Matevosyan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe giant weather balloons ascend to altitudes twice as high as those of cruising airplanes. According to the company, the cameras deliver high-resolution imagery across thousands of square miles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our balloons capture what 800,000 drones would with one flight,” Matevosyan said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“An airplane would be flying in a snake like pattern, back and forth, back and forth for weeks to capture the data that we can capture within hours. This means that we can be faster, better and cheaper for our customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"81:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Swift is a zero-emission robot that can capture up to 1,000 square kilometers of imagery in a single flight—an area equivalent to the combined size of New York City’s five boroughs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOperating at altitudes between 60,000 and 85,000 feet, this compact 12-pound autonomous system provides insurance companies, urban planners, and government agencies with unprecedented access to highly detailed and frequently updated aerial imagery, all at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-first-ever-deployment\"\u003eFirst-ever deployment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs\u0026#8217; nationwide expansion and improvements in imaging are crucial for the US home insurance industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, the industry experienced its worst crisis in decades, with net combined ratios exceeding 110 percent and losses surpassing $101 billion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese results are largely driven by the increased frequency and severity of weather events, including devastating hurricanes, tornadoes, and catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"82:T442,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsequently, major insurance companies are withdrawing from high-risk states such as Florida, California, and Texas, threatening homeownership and regional economies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe root of this crisis is the growing gap \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/top-7-robotics-stories-of-2023-interesting-engineering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebetween\u003c/a\u003e escalating climate risks and insurers\u0026#8217; ability to assess them accurately.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Many insurance companies are still relying on aerial data collection methods from the 1950s to assess 2024\u0026#8217;s climate risks,\u0026#8221; said Rema Matevosyan, CEO of Near Space Labs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;When you consider that only six percent of the $250 billion in losses from Hurricane Helene may be covered by insurance, it becomes clear that outdated risk assessment methods are creating a domino effect: poor data leads to inadequate policy pricing, which leads to carrier losses, which ultimately forces insurers to abandon entire markets—leaving homeowners stranded and unable to secure mortgages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"83:T5ec,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With our balloons and our Swifts, insurance companies are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-robot-kidnaps-12-robots-in-shanghai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eable\u003c/a\u003e to get access to information right after the catastrophe and assess the damage and pay out claims within days instead of weeks and months,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241121549156/en/Near-Space-Labs-Announces-Nationwide-Deployment-of-Stratospheric-Robots-Featuring-New-Industry-Leading-7cm-Resolution-Aerial-Imagery?_gl=1*1i1l21z*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MzIxOTM3NzIuQ2owS0NRaUEwZnU1QmhEUUFSSXNBTVhVQk9MX3JuS1liUUhLT05xN2JqOHpSME41SVE0eFdaQ0RZaW8xU0NaekdQelJSWlpVakkzZi11VWFBbl8xRUFMd193Y0I.*_gcl_au*MjA5MzM5MTEzOC4xNzI3NzMyMjc5LjU1NjY5NjcwNi4xNzMyMTkzNzExLjE3MzIxOTM3MTA.*_ga*MTczNjMwNjQyMi4xNzI3NzMyMjc4*_ga_ZQWF70T3FK*MTczMjE5NzM1OS4yNy4xLjE3MzIxOTc3NjUuNDguMC4w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Matevosyan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe giant weather balloons ascend to altitudes twice as high as those of cruising airplanes. According to the company, the cameras deliver high-resolution imagery across thousands of square miles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our balloons capture what 800,000 drones would with one flight,” Matevosyan said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“An airplane would be flying in a snake like pattern, back and forth, back and forth for weeks to capture the data that we can capture within hours. This means that we can be faster, better and cheaper for our customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"84:T1de8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSupersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"766\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"566\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"85:T2410,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"86:T7b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"87:T43f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"88:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"89:T486,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8a:T454,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8b:T457,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8c:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8d:T20fc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e90% efficient: World’s first underwater boron ramjet tested in China\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Developed by Chinese scientists for hypersonic weapons, the novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests and can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through air and water.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"90% efficient: World’s first underwater boron ramjet tested in China\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Developed by Chinese scientists for hypersonic weapons, the novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests and can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through air and water.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:30:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:37:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8e:T11cd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina has tested a powerful engine that can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through both air and water. The novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests, which were conducted in submarine mode, and met the desired requirements for practical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped for hypersonic weapons, the engine inhales air and water as oxidizing agents depending upon the medium, where it\u0026#8217;s being used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe engine, which is claimed to be the first of its kind, is powered by boron. The critical element is used in scramjet engines, which are supersonic combustion ramjet engines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boron-s-use-in-new-engine\"\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use in new engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use increases the speed of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-diesel-engine-thermal-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emissile\u003c/a\u003e to nearly Mach 5 as it burns intensely after encountering oxygen in the air.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, igniting the boron in water was challenging for the Chinese scientists. Therefore, the research team implemented a new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/rats-enjoy-driving-tiny-cars-not-just-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e that gave the solid fuel another chance to burn and enhance the engine\u0026#8217;s efficiency.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also optimised the injection volume of water vapour into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/hydrogen-jet-engine-design-eth-zurich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecombustion\u003c/a\u003e chamber and the ratio of other ingredients in the fuel, such as magnesium and aluminium. These active metals enable boron to burn more thoroughly in vapour. The scientists conducted the tests in a ground laboratory that simulates the underwater environment, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-was-stable\"\u003eEngine was stable\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Huang Liya, who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381867897_Experimental_investigation_on_detonation_characteristics_of_boron-rich_gelled_propellant_in_static_premixed_combustible_gases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eproject team\u003c/a\u003e, stated that there was a bright yellow, elongated tail flame near the outlet of the engine’s nozzle.\u003cbr\u003eLiya highlighted that during the test, the engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData collected by sensors showed that the engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3, with a combustion efficiency of 87 per cent. When the proportion of boron fuel was increased in the fuel formula, its specific impulse reached 4,712 newton-seconds per kilogram, which is one-third more efficient than SpaceX’s latest Raptor rocket engine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles?module=perpetual_scroll_0\u0026amp;pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording to\u003c/a\u003e SCMP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-energy-metalloid\"\u003eHigh-energy metalloid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe high-energy metalloid, boron, has been recognized by multiple researchers as a potential secondary energy source for liquid hydrocarbon fuel to power volume-limited propulsion devices such as ramjet and scramjet. The higher volumetric and gravimetric energetic content makes boron a more suitable candidate than other energetic particles\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVarious studies have been conducted previously to review recent advancements and challenges in adopting boron-loaded gel fuel for practical ramjet and scramjet propulsion devices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven though \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667134423000421\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eboron\u003c/a\u003e is a potential source for improving the energy density of liquid fuel, it was not widely used in practical propulsive devices till last year primarily because the native oxide layer present in the boron inhibits ignition and combustion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, some researchers reported that the boron particles were fully burnt in the two-stage combustion, suggesting that the two-stage combustion of boron particles can be achieved by ramjet and scramjet.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8f:T65d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe engine, which is claimed to be the first of its kind, is powered by boron. The critical element is used in scramjet engines, which are supersonic combustion ramjet engines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boron-s-use-in-new-engine\"\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use in new engine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoron\u0026#8217;s use increases the speed of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-diesel-engine-thermal-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emissile\u003c/a\u003e to nearly Mach 5 as it burns intensely after encountering oxygen in the air.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, igniting the boron in water was challenging for the Chinese scientists. Therefore, the research team implemented a new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/rats-enjoy-driving-tiny-cars-not-just-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign\u003c/a\u003e that gave the solid fuel another chance to burn and enhance the engine\u0026#8217;s efficiency.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also optimised the injection volume of water vapour into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/hydrogen-jet-engine-design-eth-zurich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecombustion\u003c/a\u003e chamber and the ratio of other ingredients in the fuel, such as magnesium and aluminium. These active metals enable boron to burn more thoroughly in vapour. The scientists conducted the tests in a ground laboratory that simulates the underwater environment, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"90:T69e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-was-stable\"\u003eEngine was stable\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Huang Liya, who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381867897_Experimental_investigation_on_detonation_characteristics_of_boron-rich_gelled_propellant_in_static_premixed_combustible_gases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eproject team\u003c/a\u003e, stated that there was a bright yellow, elongated tail flame near the outlet of the engine’s nozzle.\u003cbr\u003eLiya highlighted that during the test, the engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eData collected by sensors showed that the engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3, with a combustion efficiency of 87 per cent. When the proportion of boron fuel was increased in the fuel formula, its specific impulse reached 4,712 newton-seconds per kilogram, which is one-third more efficient than SpaceX’s latest Raptor rocket engine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287475/pla-fires-worlds-first-underwater-boron-ramjet-unstoppable-anti-ship-missiles?module=perpetual_scroll_0\u0026amp;pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording to\u003c/a\u003e SCMP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-energy-metalloid\"\u003eHigh-energy metalloid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe high-energy metalloid, boron, has been recognized by multiple researchers as a potential secondary energy source for liquid hydrocarbon fuel to power volume-limited propulsion devices such as ramjet and scramjet. The higher volumetric and gravimetric energetic content makes boron a more suitable candidate than other energetic particles\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"91:T1cc8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS submarines re-adopt sea-launched nukes after 32-year absence\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The US Navy is reviving nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles with a new SLCM-N initiative for its Virginia-class submarines.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US submarines re-adopt sea-launched nukes after 32-year absence\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The US Navy is reviving nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles with a new SLCM-N initiative for its Virginia-class submarines.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:46:13+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:46:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"92:T12c5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a surprising development, the US Navy has released a Request for Information (RFI) regarding the development of a Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe initiative aims to establish a modular and resilient cruise missile system that delivers a proportional response while ensuring essential adversary targets remain vulnerable.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to deploy an operational system by fiscal year 2034, with prototype tests anticipated within the next three years.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sea-launched-nuclear-cruise-missile\"\u003eSea-launched nuclear cruise missile\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N will be launched from Virginia-class attack submarines and is centered around an \u0026#8220;All Up Round\u0026#8221; (AUR) concept.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes an expendable booster, a nuclear-capable cruise missile, and a launch canister, allowing underwater launches from Virginia Payload Tubes (VPT) or Virginia Payload Modules (VPM).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the Navy seeks missiles that are “as modular as possible,” incorporating both software and hardware, to ensure that modifications to the missile\u0026#8217;s body or shared tactical systems don’t necessitate changes to the warhead payload interfaces or avionics related to the nuclear mission.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The open system approach is being adopted to facilitate future technical upgrades or technology enhancements as needed throughout the SLCM-N program\u0026#8217;s lifespan,” the Navy\u0026#8217;s request indicates.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States originally introduced nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles during the mid-1980s with the deployment of the TLAM-N, a nuclear variant of the Tomahawk Land-Attack Missile.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese missiles, which had a range of about 2,500 kilometers (approximately 1,550 miles), were positioned on both surface vessels and attack submarines.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-after-3-decades\"\u003eAfter 3 decades\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1991, President George H.W. Bush declared the withdrawal of all sea-based tactical nuclear weapons, resulting in the removal of TLAM-N missiles by the middle of 1992.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Navy kept the option to redeploy them on attack submarines if necessary. However, in 2010, the Obama Administration recommended decommissioning the TLAM-N system, considering it redundant in light of other available nuclear capabilities. This retirement was finalized in 2013.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eunder\u003c/a\u003e the Trump Administration advocated for the development of a novel nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile, now referred to as SLCM-N. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initiative aimed to provide a \u0026#8220;non-strategic regional presence\u0026#8221; and fulfill the need for \u0026#8220;flexible and low-yield options\u0026#8221; within the US nuclear arsenal.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N was designed to enhance deterrence against regional threats and reassure US allies.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-allocation-of-funds\"\u003eAllocation of funds\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its Fiscal Year 2022 budget proposal, the Biden Administration allocated funding for the research and development of the SLCM-N.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNonetheless, the 2022 NPR suggested discontinuing the program, indicating that current capabilities were adequate to meet deterrent requirements.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite this, Congress continued to fund the SLCM-N and its associated warhead. The Fiscal Year 2024 National Defense Authorization Act required the executive branch to ensure the SLCM-N\u0026#8217;s initial \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperational\u003c/a\u003e capability. Following this, the Administration has begun to take steps to implement the program. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupporters of the SLCM-N contend that it provides a flexible and survivable nuclear option capable of deployment in various regions without needing to station nuclear assets on allied territories.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder, emphasizing that the commander-in-chief should have access to such options.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to its predecessor, the Navy\u0026#8217;s discontinued TLAM-N, the SLCM-N is envisioned as a lower-yield nuclear weapon launched from submarines that would add a new dimension to the maritime segment of the nuclear triad, allowing the United States to respond proportionately to a limited nuclear attack by an adversary.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"93:T418,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sea-launched-nuclear-cruise-missile\"\u003eSea-launched nuclear cruise missile\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N will be launched from Virginia-class attack submarines and is centered around an \u0026#8220;All Up Round\u0026#8221; (AUR) concept.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis includes an expendable booster, a nuclear-capable cruise missile, and a launch canister, allowing underwater launches from Virginia Payload Tubes (VPT) or Virginia Payload Modules (VPM).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the Navy seeks missiles that are “as modular as possible,” incorporating both software and hardware, to ensure that modifications to the missile\u0026#8217;s body or shared tactical systems don’t necessitate changes to the warhead payload interfaces or avionics related to the nuclear mission.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The open system approach is being adopted to facilitate future technical upgrades or technology enhancements as needed throughout the SLCM-N program\u0026#8217;s lifespan,” the Navy\u0026#8217;s request indicates.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"94:T4fb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States originally introduced nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missiles during the mid-1980s with the deployment of the TLAM-N, a nuclear variant of the Tomahawk Land-Attack Missile.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese missiles, which had a range of about 2,500 kilometers (approximately 1,550 miles), were positioned on both surface vessels and attack submarines.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-after-3-decades\"\u003eAfter 3 decades\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1991, President George H.W. Bush declared the withdrawal of all sea-based tactical nuclear weapons, resulting in the removal of TLAM-N missiles by the middle of 1992.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Navy kept the option to redeploy them on attack submarines if necessary. However, in 2010, the Obama Administration recommended decommissioning the TLAM-N system, considering it redundant in light of other available nuclear capabilities. This retirement was finalized in 2013.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eunder\u003c/a\u003e the Trump Administration advocated for the development of a novel nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile, now referred to as SLCM-N. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"95:T486,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis initiative aimed to provide a \u0026#8220;non-strategic regional presence\u0026#8221; and fulfill the need for \u0026#8220;flexible and low-yield options\u0026#8221; within the US nuclear arsenal.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N was designed to enhance deterrence against regional threats and reassure US allies.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-allocation-of-funds\"\u003eAllocation of funds\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its Fiscal Year 2022 budget proposal, the Biden Administration allocated funding for the research and development of the SLCM-N.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNonetheless, the 2022 NPR suggested discontinuing the program, indicating that current capabilities were adequate to meet deterrent requirements.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite this, Congress continued to fund the SLCM-N and its associated warhead. The Fiscal Year 2024 National Defense Authorization Act required the executive branch to ensure the SLCM-N\u0026#8217;s initial \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoperational\u003c/a\u003e capability. Following this, the Administration has begun to take steps to implement the program. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"96:T1e32,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEdge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? HALO Space is making this dream a reality.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Edge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? HALO Space is making this dream a reality.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\"},\"wordCount\":1331,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"caption\":\"An image of the Aurora space capsule in flight attached to a balloon/parachute system.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Space\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"name\":\"Edge of space: Meet Aurora, HALO Space’s balloon-powered capsule\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"What if your next adventure took you to the edge of space in a serene, balloon-powered ascent? 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Better yet, if flying to the edge of space sounds like your dream experience, you can join a waiting list.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe stratospheric balloon system is designed to carry passengers 22 miles (35 kilometers) above the Earth\u0026#8217;s surface, offering an experience different from rocket-based space tourism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHALO Space\u003c/em\u003e expanded its testing and assembly operations to Saudi Arabia last month, which is a significant step forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move aligns with Saudi Arabia\u0026#8217;s aim to become a global leader in aerospace as part of the Vision 2030 initiative. The nation\u0026#8217;s clear skies and ample airspace make it an ideal environment for testing, according to a report by \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://spaceexplored.com/2024/10/07/halo-space-expands-testing-operations-to-saudi-arabia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSpace Explored.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering (IE\u003c/em\u003e) recently caught up with Carlos Mira (CEO) and Alberto Castrillo (CTO). We discussed the technology powering the \u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e space vehicle and HALO Space\u0026#8217;s plans for near-space tourism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-aurora-capsule-vs-spacex-and-blue-origin\"\u003eThe Aurora capsule vs. SpaceX and Blue Origin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121627\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA conceptual rendering of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature as seen from the Aurora space capsule showcasing the near-space \u0026#8216;overview\u0026#8217; effect. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a unique and serene experience compared to other space travel providers like SpaceX and Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo told\u003cem\u003e IE\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that, unlike companies that rely on powerful \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-of-fast-rockets-and-nuclear-propulsion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erocket propulsion\u003c/a\u003e, HALO Space uses helium balloons. These balloons gently lift the capsule into the stratosphere, and with that comes several \u0026#8220;distinctive advantages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA tranquil ascent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of the high-G forces and intense speeds typical of rocket launches, the Aurora capsule rises gradually,\u0026#8221; they said. This approach offers a peaceful journey with spectacular views of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature and space\u0026#8217;s darkness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMira and Castillo then highlighted the sustainability aspect of the stratospheric balloon system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026#8216;Reduced carbon footprint\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The use of helium balloons dramatically reduces the carbon footprint compared to rocket-based launches, making it a greener alternative for space tourism,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccessibility\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, since it avoids the physical demands of high-speed rocket travel, the Aurora capsule is accessible to a broader range of passengers. Miro and Castillo explained that this includes those who might need to be physically fit for traditional space travel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe \u0026#8216;overview effect\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also mentioned that HALO Space enables passengers to enjoy what is known as the \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-overview-effect-seeing-earth-from-above-can-inspire-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoverview effect\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026#8221; They said, \u0026#8220;This is a transformative experience of viewing Earth from the edge of space—for a full hour.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Overview Effect: It will transform how you think forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQsgGCXdAlY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that this duration sets HALO apart from rocket-based space tourism, where passengers typically experience this view for a few brief minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To date, fewer than 700 people have experienced this effect in space, but HALO aims to make it accessible to over 3,000 people each year,\u0026#8221; they stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-s-the-tech-making-near-space-balloon-systems-safe\"\u003eWhat\u0026#8217;s the tech making near-space balloon systems safe?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3840\" height=\"2160\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121620\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg 3840w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3840px) 100vw, 3840px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn image of the Aurora space capsule in a desert environment. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e prompted the duo to discuss the technology and safety measures to ensure a safe journey to the stratosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Safety is a top priority for HALO Space, and the Aurora capsule incorporates state-of-the-art technology to ensure a safe journey,\u0026#8221; they said.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the critical safety measures include multiple backup systems. They explain that the capsule is designed with redundant systems to ensure safety at all stages of the flight. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This includes redundant life support systems, communication systems, and safety mechanisms,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey then highlighted balloon and descent control. Simply put, the ascent is powered by a massive helium balloon that gradually expands as it rises into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/solar-geoengineering-sunlight-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estratosphere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;In the event of any unexpected issue, the descent can be safely controlled through a combination of precision parachutes and proprietary landing technologies,\u0026#8221; they explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e is then introduced to the advanced life support aboard the Aurora. According to Mira and Castrillo, the capsule is pressurized and climate-controlled. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures a comfortable environment for passengers while providing oxygen and maintaining optimal temperature and air pressure levels. Additionally, they highlight that the team at HALO Space has developed robust emergency protocols, and the flight is continuously monitored by a control team on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capsule also has an emergency parachute system that can be deployed if necessary during the descent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aurora-beyond-tourism\"\u003eAurora, beyond tourism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121619\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA digital rendering of a view from Aurora from space. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule has significant potential beyond tourism,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo emphasized. \u0026#8220;The ability to reach near-space offers numerous opportunities for scientific research and other industries.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtmospheric and climate studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, they highlighted how the stratosphere is a prime location for monitoring Earth\u0026#8217;s atmosphere and studying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/satellite-megaconstellations-surge-damage-ozone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eozone depletion\u003c/a\u003e, pollution, and weather patterns. \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule can carry instruments to collect valuable data for climate scientists,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnology testing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the near-space environment offers conditions similar to those found in space. Such conditions include low temperatures, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Companies can use the Aurora capsule to test new space technologies in these conditions at a lower cost than launching satellites or rockets,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommercial applications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBusinesses in industries like telecommunications and remote sensing may also find near-space operations attractive for testing or deploying certain types of equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-balloons-vs-rockets-what-are-the-sustainability-benefits-of-aurora\"\u003eBalloons vs. rockets: what are the sustainability benefits of Aurora?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a much more environmentally friendly approach to space tourism compared to traditional rocket-based travel,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd here’s why.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the duo, Aurora has zero emissions during ascent. Unlike rockets, which burn massive amounts of fuel and release large quantities of CO2 and other pollutants into the atmosphere, \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent is powered by a helium balloon, which does not generate any harmful emissions,\u0026#8221; they argued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey emphasized to \u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e that helium, an inert and non-toxic lifting agent, powers the capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent with minimal environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Especially when compared to the fuel-intensive methods used by companies like SpaceX or Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also claimed the Aurora capsule uses less energy overall compared to rocket-based flight. \u0026#8220;The entire journey is less energy-intensive because it avoids the massive fuel consumption required for rocket launches,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This reduces the overall carbon footprint of each flight, making HALO Space the most sustainable option for near-space tourism.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-will-near-space-tourism-evolve-in-the-future\"\u003eHow will near-space tourism evolve in the future?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Near-space tourism is on the verge of a significant transformation,\u0026#8221; the duo said. \u0026#8220;And HALO Space aims to play a pivotal role in making this frontier accessible to a broader audience.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey reasoned that unlike the current \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-first-outer-space-travel-announced-at-210000-for-12-minute-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espace tourism market\u003c/a\u003e, which remains exclusive and expensive, HALO Space envisions a future where near-space experiences are available to many more people. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis will be due to the lower cost and lower barriers to entry compared to rocket-based options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The gentle ascent and non-rocket-based approach open the door for more inclusive space travel,\u0026#8221; they said. \u0026#8220;[This includes] those who are older, less physically fit, or seeking a less intense experience than what traditional spaceflights offer.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-at-the-forefront-of-a-new-era-in-space-exploration\"\u003e\u0026#8216;At the forefront of a new era in space exploration\u0026#8217;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space will democratize near-space access by offering more frequent and affordable flights. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that it pioneers new uses for near-space technology in research and commercial applications while leading the way in sustainable space tourism with its non-fuel technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;HALO Space is at the forefront of a new era in space exploration, where the dream of experiencing the overview effect is no longer limited to astronauts or the super-wealthy,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey argued that by focusing on accessibility, sustainability, and safety, HALO Space opens the door to new possibilities for space tourism, scientific discovery, and commercial innovation. \u0026#8220;Our goal is not just to take passengers on an unforgettable journey but to inspire a deeper connection to the planet and our place in the universe,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo concluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We believe that the Aurora capsule offers not just an adventure, but a transformative experience that will forever change how people see the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"98:Ta87,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move aligns with Saudi Arabia\u0026#8217;s aim to become a global leader in aerospace as part of the Vision 2030 initiative. The nation\u0026#8217;s clear skies and ample airspace make it an ideal environment for testing, according to a report by \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://spaceexplored.com/2024/10/07/halo-space-expands-testing-operations-to-saudi-arabia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSpace Explored.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering (IE\u003c/em\u003e) recently caught up with Carlos Mira (CEO) and Alberto Castrillo (CTO). We discussed the technology powering the \u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e space vehicle and HALO Space\u0026#8217;s plans for near-space tourism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-aurora-capsule-vs-spacex-and-blue-origin\"\u003eThe Aurora capsule vs. SpaceX and Blue Origin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121627\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/09-Vista-Perspective.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA conceptual rendering of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature as seen from the Aurora space capsule showcasing the near-space \u0026#8216;overview\u0026#8217; effect. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a unique and serene experience compared to other space travel providers like SpaceX and Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo told\u003cem\u003e IE\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that, unlike companies that rely on powerful \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/fusion-of-fast-rockets-and-nuclear-propulsion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erocket propulsion\u003c/a\u003e, HALO Space uses helium balloons. These balloons gently lift the capsule into the stratosphere, and with that comes several \u0026#8220;distinctive advantages.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"99:Tc5d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe \u0026#8216;overview effect\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also mentioned that HALO Space enables passengers to enjoy what is known as the \u0026#8220;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-overview-effect-seeing-earth-from-above-can-inspire-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eoverview effect\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026#8221; They said, \u0026#8220;This is a transformative experience of viewing Earth from the edge of space—for a full hour.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Overview Effect: It will transform how you think forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQsgGCXdAlY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that this duration sets HALO apart from rocket-based space tourism, where passengers typically experience this view for a few brief minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To date, fewer than 700 people have experienced this effect in space, but HALO aims to make it accessible to over 3,000 people each year,\u0026#8221; they stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-s-the-tech-making-near-space-balloon-systems-safe\"\u003eWhat\u0026#8217;s the tech making near-space balloon systems safe?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3840\" height=\"2160\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121620\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg 3840w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Proyecto-Halo-Space-California-011-1.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3840px) 100vw, 3840px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn image of the Aurora space capsule in a desert environment. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e prompted the duo to discuss the technology and safety measures to ensure a safe journey to the stratosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Safety is a top priority for HALO Space, and the Aurora capsule incorporates state-of-the-art technology to ensure a safe journey,\u0026#8221; they said.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9a:T534,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the critical safety measures include multiple backup systems. They explain that the capsule is designed with redundant systems to ensure safety at all stages of the flight. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This includes redundant life support systems, communication systems, and safety mechanisms,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey then highlighted balloon and descent control. Simply put, the ascent is powered by a massive helium balloon that gradually expands as it rises into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/solar-geoengineering-sunlight-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estratosphere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;In the event of any unexpected issue, the descent can be safely controlled through a combination of precision parachutes and proprietary landing technologies,\u0026#8221; they explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e is then introduced to the advanced life support aboard the Aurora. According to Mira and Castrillo, the capsule is pressurized and climate-controlled. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures a comfortable environment for passengers while providing oxygen and maintaining optimal temperature and air pressure levels. Additionally, they highlight that the team at HALO Space has developed robust emergency protocols, and the flight is continuously monitored by a control team on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9b:T80f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capsule also has an emergency parachute system that can be deployed if necessary during the descent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aurora-beyond-tourism\"\u003eAurora, beyond tourism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4961\" height=\"2790\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?w=1920\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121619\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg 4961w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1920,1080 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12-Vista.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4961px) 100vw, 4961px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA digital rendering of a view from Aurora from space. Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule has significant potential beyond tourism,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo emphasized. \u0026#8220;The ability to reach near-space offers numerous opportunities for scientific research and other industries.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtmospheric and climate studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, they highlighted how the stratosphere is a prime location for monitoring Earth\u0026#8217;s atmosphere and studying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/satellite-megaconstellations-surge-damage-ozone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eozone depletion\u003c/a\u003e, pollution, and weather patterns. \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule can carry instruments to collect valuable data for climate scientists,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9c:T466,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommercial applications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBusinesses in industries like telecommunications and remote sensing may also find near-space operations attractive for testing or deploying certain types of equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-balloons-vs-rockets-what-are-the-sustainability-benefits-of-aurora\"\u003eBalloons vs. rockets: what are the sustainability benefits of Aurora?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule offers a much more environmentally friendly approach to space tourism compared to traditional rocket-based travel,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd here’s why.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the duo, Aurora has zero emissions during ascent. Unlike rockets, which burn massive amounts of fuel and release large quantities of CO2 and other pollutants into the atmosphere, \u0026#8220;The Aurora capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent is powered by a helium balloon, which does not generate any harmful emissions,\u0026#8221; they argued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey emphasized to \u003cem\u003eIE\u003c/em\u003e that helium, an inert and non-toxic lifting agent, powers the capsule\u0026#8217;s ascent with minimal environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9d:T4f4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Especially when compared to the fuel-intensive methods used by companies like SpaceX or Blue Origin,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also claimed the Aurora capsule uses less energy overall compared to rocket-based flight. \u0026#8220;The entire journey is less energy-intensive because it avoids the massive fuel consumption required for rocket launches,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This reduces the overall carbon footprint of each flight, making HALO Space the most sustainable option for near-space tourism.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-will-near-space-tourism-evolve-in-the-future\"\u003eHow will near-space tourism evolve in the future?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Near-space tourism is on the verge of a significant transformation,\u0026#8221; the duo said. \u0026#8220;And HALO Space aims to play a pivotal role in making this frontier accessible to a broader audience.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey reasoned that unlike the current \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-first-outer-space-travel-announced-at-210000-for-12-minute-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espace tourism market\u003c/a\u003e, which remains exclusive and expensive, HALO Space envisions a future where near-space experiences are available to many more people. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9e:T437,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis will be due to the lower cost and lower barriers to entry compared to rocket-based options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The gentle ascent and non-rocket-based approach open the door for more inclusive space travel,\u0026#8221; they said. \u0026#8220;[This includes] those who are older, less physically fit, or seeking a less intense experience than what traditional spaceflights offer.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-at-the-forefront-of-a-new-era-in-space-exploration\"\u003e\u0026#8216;At the forefront of a new era in space exploration\u0026#8217;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space will democratize near-space access by offering more frequent and affordable flights. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explained that it pioneers new uses for near-space technology in research and commercial applications while leading the way in sustainable space tourism with its non-fuel technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;HALO Space is at the forefront of a new era in space exploration, where the dream of experiencing the overview effect is no longer limited to astronauts or the super-wealthy,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9f:T1f4d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s first fully robotic double lung transplant performed at NYU\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"NYU Langone performs the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant, marking a breakthrough in minimally invasive surgical care.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s first fully robotic double lung transplant performed at NYU\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NYU Langone performs the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant, marking a breakthrough in minimally invasive surgical care.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T16:44:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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content=\"2024-11-22T16:36:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a0:T17e7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eNew York University (NYU) Langone Health achieved a medical milestone by performing the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA 57-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent a double lung transplant using the da Vinci Xi robotic system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSmall incisions between the ribs allowed the robotic system to remove each lung, prepare the surgical site, and implant the new lungs. Both lungs were successfully transplanted entirely with robotic techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the team, the procedure showcases a breakthrough in robotic surgery and advances minimally invasive care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-lung-surgery\"\u003eAdvancing lung surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn October 22, 2024, a double lung transplant was performed on Cheryl Mehrkar, four days after she was added to the transplant list following months of evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosed with COPD at 43, she inherited a genetic predisposition to lung disease, and her condition worsened after contracting COVID-19 in 2022. An adventurous individual, she was a scuba divemaster, avid motorcyclist, and karate black belt, operating a dojo with her husband for over 20 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth challenges led her to retire from teaching karate, but she continued serving her community as a volunteer emergency medical technician with the Union Vale Fire Department in Dutchess County, New York, where she remains active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg\" alt=\"World's first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\" class=\"wp-image-122453\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWorld\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By using these robotic systems, we aim to reduce the impact this major surgery has on patients, limit their postoperative pain, and give them the best possible outcome,\u0026#8221; said Stephanie H. Chang, surgical director of the Lung Transplant Program for the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA month earlier, Chang and her team at NYU had performed the nation’s first fully robotic single lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-autonomous-surgery\"\u003eAutonomous surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis month, a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e trained solely by analyzing videos of experienced surgeons successfully replicated complex surgical procedures with skills comparable to human doctors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement highlighted the potential of imitation learning, a method that brings robotic surgery closer to autonomy, where robots could \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eindependently\u003c/a\u003e perform intricate procedures without human intervention.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers from Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University trained a da Vinci Surgical System robot in three basic activities: suturing, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etissue\u003c/a\u003e lifting, and needle handling. The robot performed these activities with human-like skill by using imitation learning, which eliminated the necessity for meticulously programming each movement for each medical procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the future of surgery robotic?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ELq6-9jQgeU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKinematic data, which mathematically represents robotic motion, was combined with methods from sophisticated language models to create the training model, which included machine learning concepts. With this method, the robot was able to learn from surgical videos that were recorded by da Vinci systems\u0026#8217; wrist-mounted cameras. With over 7,000 da Vinci robots and more than 50,000 surgeons trained worldwide, there is a sizable dataset to improve this technology even more.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the da Vinci system is known for input inaccuracies, researchers overcame this by focusing on relative movements instead of absolute actions. This adjustment improved precision and adaptability, allowing the robot to generalize to new environments and tasks, such as recovering a dropped needle during surgery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe new model streamlines robot training, enabling surgical robots to learn procedures in days rather than years. According to experts, the innovation has the potential to advance surgical autonomy, minimize errors, and enhance procedural accuracy, marking a significant leap forward in robotic medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a1:T9ff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-lung-surgery\"\u003eAdvancing lung surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn October 22, 2024, a double lung transplant was performed on Cheryl Mehrkar, four days after she was added to the transplant list following months of evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosed with COPD at 43, she inherited a genetic predisposition to lung disease, and her condition worsened after contracting COVID-19 in 2022. An adventurous individual, she was a scuba divemaster, avid motorcyclist, and karate black belt, operating a dojo with her husband for over 20 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth challenges led her to retire from teaching karate, but she continued serving her community as a volunteer emergency medical technician with the Union Vale Fire Department in Dutchess County, New York, where she remains active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg\" alt=\"World's first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\" class=\"wp-image-122453\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T194059.690.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWorld\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant patient, Cheryl Mehrkar, with husband Shahin and surgeon Stephanie Chang.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By using these robotic systems, we aim to reduce the impact this major surgery has on patients, limit their postoperative pain, and give them the best possible outcome,\u0026#8221; said Stephanie H. Chang, surgical director of the Lung Transplant Program for the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA month earlier, Chang and her team at NYU had performed the nation’s first fully robotic single lung transplant.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a2:T8da,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-autonomous-surgery\"\u003eAutonomous surgery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis month, a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e trained solely by analyzing videos of experienced surgeons successfully replicated complex surgical procedures with skills comparable to human doctors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement highlighted the potential of imitation learning, a method that brings robotic surgery closer to autonomy, where robots could \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eindependently\u003c/a\u003e perform intricate procedures without human intervention.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers from Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University trained a da Vinci Surgical System robot in three basic activities: suturing, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etissue\u003c/a\u003e lifting, and needle handling. The robot performed these activities with human-like skill by using imitation learning, which eliminated the necessity for meticulously programming each movement for each medical procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is the future of surgery robotic?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ELq6-9jQgeU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKinematic data, which mathematically represents robotic motion, was combined with methods from sophisticated language models to create the training model, which included machine learning concepts. With this method, the robot was able to learn from surgical videos that were recorded by da Vinci systems\u0026#8217; wrist-mounted cameras. With over 7,000 da Vinci robots and more than 50,000 surgeons trained worldwide, there is a sizable dataset to improve this technology even more.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a3:T206a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eStarlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Starlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:53:33+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:59:16+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a5:Ta9f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a6:T61f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a7:T1be2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eCoatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Coatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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spacecraft\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a8:T15f6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. Even massive ships use special coatings to prevent marine life forms from attaching themselves to the hull and increasing friction during voyages.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a9:T4b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"aa:T9f9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ab:T479,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ac:T187c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWhy Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. 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Now, Mexico\u0026#039;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"565\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"406\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ae:T1680,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"af:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b0:T4e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b1:T499,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b2:T44f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b3:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new 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Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting 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Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b5:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b6:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b7:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b8:T1eb2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina PLA\u0026#039;s supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese military-developed supercomputer Tianhe Exa-node Prototype has taken the top spot in the Green Graph500 ranking\u0026#039;s big data category.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China PLA\u0026#039;s supercomputer tops global rankings, clocks 6,320 MTEPS/W\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese military-developed supercomputer Tianhe Exa-node Prototype has taken the top spot in the Green Graph500 ranking\u0026#039;s big data category.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T11:17:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T11:17:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"358\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-23T11:17:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b9:T1253,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA Chinese military-developed supercomputer has once again ranked first in an international test of AI computing efficiency. Tianhe, created by the National University of Defense Technology, tops the latest list of the world’s most power-efficient big data processing systems, achieving its second win since 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe advanced computing power of supercomputers can be applied to simulations for studying climate change, conducting materials research, exploring space, and developing treatments for various diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-energy-efficient-big-data-computing\"\u003eEnergy-efficient big data computing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Green Graph500 list measures performance-per-watt for processing large graphs, comparing the energy efficiency of the fastest supercomputers tackling data-intensive tasks. First released in 2010, it is the leading international ranking for assessing the performance of supercomputers in graph computation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s indigenous supercomputer, the Tianhe Exa-node Prototype, reached 6,320 MTEPS/W, securing the top position in the Green Graph500 ranking for big data. This performance metric, measured in million traversed edges per second per watt, evaluates a system\u0026#8217;s efficiency in internal data communication, \u003cem\u003ethe South China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287561/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-computing-efficiency-list-amid-race-ai-dominance?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=subsection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereports\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt surpassed the previous Tianhe Exa-node Prototype, which achieved 4,385 MTEPS/W and placed first runner-up, as well as Eniad, a supercomputer developed by the University of Pennsylvania, which ranked third with 2,057 MTEPS/W. Tianhe last topped the list in July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGraph analysis is a growing field in AI computing that focuses on identifying connections within graph structures. It is a valuable tool for studying complex networks, patterns, and structured data. For instance, it can be used to analyze social media relationship maps or transaction histories across multiple accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ornl-discovery-fastest-supercomputer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEnergy-efficient\u003c/a\u003e big data computing is also becoming increasingly essential, as energy consumption is expected to be a limiting factor. As the need for large-scale data analysis grows, graph computing is becoming an important aspect of big data and artificial intelligence, attracting increasing research interest worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-major-breakthrough-in-data-analysis\"\u003eMajor breakthrough in data analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Meng Xiangfei, the chief scientist at the National Supercomputer Centre in Tianjin, which hosts the Tianhe supercomputer, the top ranking reflects significant international breakthroughs in the system\u0026#8217;s ability to handle complex data analysis, as reported by state news agency Xinhua. The Chinese researcher added that it would play a crucial role in advancing the development of next-generation intelligent technologies. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTianhe has also contributed to the center\u0026#8217;s significant achievements in research areas like numerical simulation technology, materials computation, and environmental meteorology, according to a post on the Chinese social media platform WeChat.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, the system has also achieved major breakthroughs in industrial areas such as superintelligent integration, large generative models, and supercomputing internet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Chinese National Supercomputing Center (NSC) in Guangzhou also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-unveils-fastest-homegrown-supercomputer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eintroduced\u003c/a\u003e the domestically developed supercomputer, Tianhe Xingyi. While no specifications had been disclosed, officials have claimed that it surpasses the capabilities of the renowned Tianhe-2 supercomputer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ba:T53b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-energy-efficient-big-data-computing\"\u003eEnergy-efficient big data computing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Green Graph500 list measures performance-per-watt for processing large graphs, comparing the energy efficiency of the fastest supercomputers tackling data-intensive tasks. First released in 2010, it is the leading international ranking for assessing the performance of supercomputers in graph computation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s indigenous supercomputer, the Tianhe Exa-node Prototype, reached 6,320 MTEPS/W, securing the top position in the Green Graph500 ranking for big data. This performance metric, measured in million traversed edges per second per watt, evaluates a system\u0026#8217;s efficiency in internal data communication, \u003cem\u003ethe South China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287561/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-computing-efficiency-list-amid-race-ai-dominance?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=subsection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereports\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt surpassed the previous Tianhe Exa-node Prototype, which achieved 4,385 MTEPS/W and placed first runner-up, as well as Eniad, a supercomputer developed by the University of Pennsylvania, which ranked third with 2,057 MTEPS/W. Tianhe last topped the list in July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bb:T556,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGraph analysis is a growing field in AI computing that focuses on identifying connections within graph structures. It is a valuable tool for studying complex networks, patterns, and structured data. For instance, it can be used to analyze social media relationship maps or transaction histories across multiple accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ornl-discovery-fastest-supercomputer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEnergy-efficient\u003c/a\u003e big data computing is also becoming increasingly essential, as energy consumption is expected to be a limiting factor. As the need for large-scale data analysis grows, graph computing is becoming an important aspect of big data and artificial intelligence, attracting increasing research interest worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-major-breakthrough-in-data-analysis\"\u003eMajor breakthrough in data analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Meng Xiangfei, the chief scientist at the National Supercomputer Centre in Tianjin, which hosts the Tianhe supercomputer, the top ranking reflects significant international breakthroughs in the system\u0026#8217;s ability to handle complex data analysis, as reported by state news agency Xinhua. The Chinese researcher added that it would play a crucial role in advancing the development of next-generation intelligent technologies. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bc:T5ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTianhe has also contributed to the center\u0026#8217;s significant achievements in research areas like numerical simulation technology, materials computation, and environmental meteorology, according to a post on the Chinese social media platform WeChat.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, the system has also achieved major breakthroughs in industrial areas such as superintelligent integration, large generative models, and supercomputing internet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Chinese National Supercomputing Center (NSC) in Guangzhou also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-unveils-fastest-homegrown-supercomputer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eintroduced\u003c/a\u003e the domestically developed supercomputer, Tianhe Xingyi. While no specifications had been disclosed, officials have claimed that it surpasses the capabilities of the renowned Tianhe-2 supercomputer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bd:T1961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eAre kamikaze drones a threat to the America?\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Are kamikaze drones a threat to the America? on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/are-kamikaze-drones-a-threat-to-the-america\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Are kamikaze drones a threat to the America?\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Watch Are kamikaze drones a threat to the America? on Interesting Engineering. 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These drones are difficult to detect, inexpensive to produce, and disturbingly easy to deploy, allowing even smaller groups to access cutting-edge military technology. Designed to loiter in the air before targeting and striking with explosive payloads, they can blend seamlessly into civilian areas, making them particularly hard to counter. This combination of factors has made them a growing threat on the battlefield and a challenge for global security forces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo combat this rising threat, military organizations are developing a range of defensive measures, from advanced radar systems to detect drones early, to electronic jamming technologies that disrupt their communication and navigation. AI-driven defense networks are also being implemented to identify and neutralize drones more effectively. Despite these advancements, the rapid evolution of drone technology and the relative ease of their acquisition mean the threat is far from under control. The race to develop countermeasures is ongoing, as nations strive to adapt to the growing use of kamikaze drones in conflicts around the world.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bf:T1fd2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could save a failing recycling industry\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A new catalytic process, developed by scientists at UC Berkeley, tackles one of the main problems with traditional plastic recycling today.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How vaporizing plastics could save a failing recycling industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new catalytic process, developed by scientists at UC Berkeley, tackles one of the main problems with traditional plastic recycling today.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-23T07:14:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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content=\"2024-11-23T07:09:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c0:T26b3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA team of scientists from University of California, Berkeley, has developed a new method for breaking plastics down into their original building blocks. This could unlock a new highly-efficient recycling industry that produces valuable plastics and reduces the need to derive them from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem with recycling methods today is that they collect and combine plastics with different chemical architectures to create weaker, less useful plastics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The biggest problem is that there are hundreds of different types of these plastics with different lengths of [carbon atom] chains and distribution of lengths of the chains, etc.,” said John Hartwig, professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enew study\u003c/a\u003e, in an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Each of these is made for specific purposes, like a yogurt container or the inside of a car door, from the same monomer but with a different chemical architecture to give different properties,” he continued. “When those are mixed and melted and used to reform a new object, it does not have the properties of either the yogurt container or the car door.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plastic-waste-and-traditional-recycling\"\u003ePlastic waste and traditional recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic waste is a well-known problem all over the globe. Despite best efforts, it has become uncontrollable. According to a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/everything-you-need-know-about-plastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereport\u003c/a\u003e, approximately 430 million tons of plastic is produced yearly. Almost half of that ends up in a landfill, while 22% is mismanaged and ends up in the natural environment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is largely down to the fact the world reached \u003ca href=\"https://www.packaginginsights.com/news/plastic-overshoot-day-annual-global-waste-production-set-to-outpace-management-by-220-million-tons.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePlastic Overshoot Day\u003c/a\u003e on September 5. That is, the day in the year when plastic waste surpasses the capability of waste management systems to handle the massive amounts produced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem isn’t going away any time soon and we are in dire need of more effective solutions. According to Hartwig and his team, it would be unwise to completely turn our back on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e. Instead, we should make sure we can retain its value throughout the recycling process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are fantastic materials,” Hartwig told IE. “They are much lighter than glass or metal but can have enough strength. They are more pliable than glass. One would not wrap food to preserve it in glass and ship and store the food in glass, for example. It even uses less energy and water to produce than paper.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The issue with plastic is that it lasts a long time and is difficult to recycle,” he continued. “Paper, glass and aluminum are easier to recycle, although this recycling, particularly of glass, uses a lot of energy.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team set out to develop a method that would conserve the original value of virgin plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which are widely used for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-pollution-ocean-floor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastic bags\u003c/a\u003e and hard plastic packaging, respectively. They devised a catalytic process that essentially vaporizes these plastics, converting them into hydrocarbon gases. These can then be used to manufacture virgin plastics from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chemical-recycling\"\u003eChemical recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new method solves a key problems of traditional recycling: the diminishing returns related to the quality of plastic produced. Typically, plastics created via recycling won’t be reused for the same plastic packaging and containers found in supermarkets—such as for yogurts, milk cartons, and plastic bags. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn fact, some argue that the word \u0026#8216;recycle\u0026#8217; is a misnomer, and the most widely used process should really be called \u0026#8216;downcycling\u0026#8217;. Bottles and supermarket goods, for example, are often turned into plastic trays and carpeting, and can’t be reused to create the same single-use products.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are currently recycled by mechanical recycling,” Hartwig said. “By this method, plastics of a similar type are combined and reprocessed to make something new. However, the properties are deteriorated by mechanical recycling, so the value of the material produced is much lower.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team’s method addresses this problem. If it delivers on the promise, it could finally create a truly circular economy for valuable plastics. The method, called chemical recycling, breaks the chemical bonds in polymer chains to allow for the creation of new virgin plastics. Unlike traditional recycling, the process of plastic creation happens from scratch. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the best-case scenario, polymer chains are broken to recreate the monomer from which the polymer was made,” Hartwig explained. “In our work, we found a way to cleave carbon-carbon bonds to form a single product that can be used to make new plastics. Thus, one can envision chemically recycling polyethylene and polypropylene to make the monomers from which new plastics with the original properties could be made.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Plastics to Building Blocks\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/z39v6l6neGo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-like-deconstructing-a-metal-chain\"\u003eLike deconstructing a metal chain\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo devise their new method, Hartwig and his team built on one of their own studies from 2022. In that paper, they outlined a new process using a catalyst to break long polyethylene (PE) polymers into uniform chunks. The three-carbon molecule propylene chunks created in the process are the building blocks for high-value plastics, such as polypropylene.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of their latest research, Hartwig and team demonstrated they could deconstruct the bonds in both polyethylene and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-bioplastic-degrades-faster-than-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolypropylene\u003c/a\u003e to make a single product. Moreover, they could do this using catalysts that are cheap and commercially available. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir process cracks the chain at 320°C and leaves a reactive carbon-carbon double bond. The catalyst then uses that double bond in a reaction with ethylene, which contains two carbon atoms. This attaches one carbon atom to the end to make propylene, containing three carbon atoms, leaving a chain that is once carbon atom shorter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Hartwig, “this happens to each of the roughly thousand carbon atoms in the chain to leave nothing behind by the catalyst and emits propylene gas.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In non-chemical terms, I like to compare it to deconstructing a metal chain,” he said. “First, we cleave the chain in the middle with a catalyst and leave at the ends a reactive unit—a carbon-carbon double bond. In the chain analogy this would be an open link. Then a catalyst will remove that open link by attaching it to a new one.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By doing so, the next chain link is left open. The catalyst can then attach that open chain link at the end to a new chain,” Hartwig continued. “Alternatively, one can compare it to taking apart a pearl necklace. In this analogy, the chain is broken in the middle, allowing the pearls to be removed one at a time. In the process of removing them, they are attached to two new pearls to make new units of three pearls.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-when-will-we-see-the-new-circular-economy\"\u003eWhen will we see the new circular economy?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, Hartwig and his team’s new process could lead to a massive reduction in the amount of new plastics produced. Over time, this would reduce the vast amount of fossil fuels used to create new plastics. It would also prevent a lot of plastics from ending up in landfills and a lot of chemical waste—produced by traditional recycling methods—from going into the atmosphere. The method could also substantially reduce existing waste, as this would become a source for valuable new plastics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, it may be a while before the new method starts operating on an industrial scale. According to Hartwig, “one could envision being able to increase the scale of the reaction by improvements in the catalyst and in the engineering of reactors. [However], the timescale and probability of it becoming commercialized is too hard to predict.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say his team isn’t looking to take their method to the next phase. While Hartwig emphasizes the fact that “large chemical processes do take time to translate to commercial scale,” he is hopeful that his team will get there eventually. “We have applied to funding sources to bridge this gap between discovery and commercialization,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c1:T5c6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The biggest problem is that there are hundreds of different types of these plastics with different lengths of [carbon atom] chains and distribution of lengths of the chains, etc.,” said John Hartwig, professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enew study\u003c/a\u003e, in an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Each of these is made for specific purposes, like a yogurt container or the inside of a car door, from the same monomer but with a different chemical architecture to give different properties,” he continued. “When those are mixed and melted and used to reform a new object, it does not have the properties of either the yogurt container or the car door.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plastic-waste-and-traditional-recycling\"\u003ePlastic waste and traditional recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic waste is a well-known problem all over the globe. Despite best efforts, it has become uncontrollable. According to a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/everything-you-need-know-about-plastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereport\u003c/a\u003e, approximately 430 million tons of plastic is produced yearly. Almost half of that ends up in a landfill, while 22% is mismanaged and ends up in the natural environment.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c2:T594,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is largely down to the fact the world reached \u003ca href=\"https://www.packaginginsights.com/news/plastic-overshoot-day-annual-global-waste-production-set-to-outpace-management-by-220-million-tons.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePlastic Overshoot Day\u003c/a\u003e on September 5. That is, the day in the year when plastic waste surpasses the capability of waste management systems to handle the massive amounts produced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem isn’t going away any time soon and we are in dire need of more effective solutions. According to Hartwig and his team, it would be unwise to completely turn our back on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e. Instead, we should make sure we can retain its value throughout the recycling process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are fantastic materials,” Hartwig told IE. “They are much lighter than glass or metal but can have enough strength. They are more pliable than glass. One would not wrap food to preserve it in glass and ship and store the food in glass, for example. It even uses less energy and water to produce than paper.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The issue with plastic is that it lasts a long time and is difficult to recycle,” he continued. “Paper, glass and aluminum are easier to recycle, although this recycling, particularly of glass, uses a lot of energy.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c3:T4f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team set out to develop a method that would conserve the original value of virgin plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which are widely used for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-pollution-ocean-floor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastic bags\u003c/a\u003e and hard plastic packaging, respectively. They devised a catalytic process that essentially vaporizes these plastics, converting them into hydrocarbon gases. These can then be used to manufacture virgin plastics from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chemical-recycling\"\u003eChemical recycling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new method solves a key problems of traditional recycling: the diminishing returns related to the quality of plastic produced. Typically, plastics created via recycling won’t be reused for the same plastic packaging and containers found in supermarkets—such as for yogurts, milk cartons, and plastic bags. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn fact, some argue that the word \u0026#8216;recycle\u0026#8217; is a misnomer, and the most widely used process should really be called \u0026#8216;downcycling\u0026#8217;. Bottles and supermarket goods, for example, are often turned into plastic trays and carpeting, and can’t be reused to create the same single-use products.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c4:T46c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Plastics are currently recycled by mechanical recycling,” Hartwig said. “By this method, plastics of a similar type are combined and reprocessed to make something new. However, the properties are deteriorated by mechanical recycling, so the value of the material produced is much lower.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHartwig and his team’s method addresses this problem. If it delivers on the promise, it could finally create a truly circular economy for valuable plastics. The method, called chemical recycling, breaks the chemical bonds in polymer chains to allow for the creation of new virgin plastics. Unlike traditional recycling, the process of plastic creation happens from scratch. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In the best-case scenario, polymer chains are broken to recreate the monomer from which the polymer was made,” Hartwig explained. “In our work, we found a way to cleave carbon-carbon bonds to form a single product that can be used to make new plastics. Thus, one can envision chemically recycling polyethylene and polypropylene to make the monomers from which new plastics with the original properties could be made.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c5:T6d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Plastics to Building Blocks\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/z39v6l6neGo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-like-deconstructing-a-metal-chain\"\u003eLike deconstructing a metal chain\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo devise their new method, Hartwig and his team built on one of their own studies from 2022. In that paper, they outlined a new process using a catalyst to break long polyethylene (PE) polymers into uniform chunks. The three-carbon molecule propylene chunks created in the process are the building blocks for high-value plastics, such as polypropylene.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of their latest research, Hartwig and team demonstrated they could deconstruct the bonds in both polyethylene and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-bioplastic-degrades-faster-than-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolypropylene\u003c/a\u003e to make a single product. Moreover, they could do this using catalysts that are cheap and commercially available. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir process cracks the chain at 320°C and leaves a reactive carbon-carbon double bond. The catalyst then uses that double bond in a reaction with ethylene, which contains two carbon atoms. This attaches one carbon atom to the end to make propylene, containing three carbon atoms, leaving a chain that is once carbon atom shorter.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c6:T1de8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSupersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#039;s vision for supersonic flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the journey of Boom Supersonic in developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T19:34:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c7:T2410,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c8:T7b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn our latest \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/podcast/lexicon/xb-1-and-overture-breaking-barriers-in-air-travel-innovation\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLexicon episode\u003c/a\u003e, we sat down with \u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/blake-scholl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlake Scholl\u003c/a\u003e, founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic (Boom), and \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/team-members/nick-sheryka\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNick Sheryka\u003c/a\u003e, XB-1 Chief Flight Test Engineer at Boom. We discussed Boom’s journey into developing the first commercial supersonic aircraft since Concorde, from its XB-1 demonstrator to its planned Overture airliner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe title=\"Spotify Embed: XB-1 and Overture: breaking barriers in air travel innovation\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4GIwPt0bJZUbWlU9Wk5aFu?si=jXTXNnyuSVCoPr2MNseWtw\u0026#038;utm_source=oembed\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, check out our latest merch at \u003ca href=\"https://shop.interestingengineering.com/en-gbp/\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering Shop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-on-concorde-s-legacy\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding on Concorde’s legacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny discussion on supersonic flight, like this one, inevitably has to start with the legacy left behind by the groundbreaking engineering behind the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eConcorde\u003c/a\u003e. That aircraft still has a long shadow, one that Blake openly acknowledged. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c9:T43f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Concorde was a marvelous technical accomplishment, but it was unaffordable to passengers. A $20,000 ticket for 100 uncomfortable seats just didn’t work with the 1960s and 1970s travel demand,” he told us.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut much has changed since the days of Concorde.“We’ve had massive growth in international travel, and technology has improved dramatically,” Scholl added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs he explained, things like carbon fiber composites, advanced engine design, and digital aerodynamics have paved the way for a new generation of supersonic aircraft. “Today, we can achieve supersonic flight for about the same price as a business-class ticket,” Scholls explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boom-s-testbed-for-the-future-the-xb-1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoom’s testbed for the future: the XB-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1, affectionately nicknamed \u0026#8220;Baby Boom,\u0026#8221; is a single-seat test aircraft that serves as the precursor to the Overture airliner. Nick Sheryka, Boom’s Chief Flight Test Engineer, explained the rationale behind its design.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ca:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The XB-1 was originally envisioned as a one-third scale demonstration of the airliner. It’s a stepping stone to prove our capabilities and learn where the pain points are,” he told IE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike Concorde, which relied on bespoke designs and untested concepts, Boom has leaned on proven technologies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We didn’t invent anything new,” Blake said. “We’re using carbon fiber composites from the Boeing 787, digital stability systems used in other aircraft, and computationally optimized aerodynamics,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake explained that this pragmatic approach enables Boom to “bring these technologies together to create a supersonic jet that’s efficient, safe, and affordable.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-necessity-is-the-mother-of-all-invention\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity is the mother of all invention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe XB-1 has also taught Boom invaluable lessons about supersonic design. According to Blake, one of the most surprising insights was about low-speed performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cb:T486,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The hardest part of building a supersonic jet isn’t the high-speed flight—it’s the low-speed part,” he explains. The narrow wings required for supersonic efficiency make stable takeoffs and landings challenging. To address this, Boom introduced “digital stability augmentation and subtle but critical changes to the nose and wing design,” Blake said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese lessons are directly shaping the \u003ca href=\"https://boomsupersonic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverture\u003c/a\u003e. “For example, by reducing Overture’s top speed from Mach 2.2 to 1.7, we’ve made the wing much wider, which greatly improves low-speed stability,” Blake explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It adds 15 minutes to a transatlantic flight but makes the aircraft significantly more practical,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overture-supersonic-for-the-masses\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverture: Supersonic for the masses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the XB-1 serves as a testbed, the Overture is Boom’s vision for the future of commercial air travel. Designed for 64 passengers, it prioritizes comfort and efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cc:T454,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We essentially took the business-class cabin from a widebody jet, chopped it off, and made it go fast,” Blake told us. To this end, the goal is to deliver a seamless experience that combines speed and affordability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick elaborates on the economic potential: “Right now, tens of millions of people fly business class across the Atlantic. For the same price—or less—we’re offering twice the speed and the ability to sleep in a real bed at your destination. That’s a game-changer.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-noise-and-sustainability-challenges\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOvercoming noise and sustainability challenges\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges with supersonic jets, especially Concorde, has been criticism for their environmental impact, particularly noise pollution. However, Overture (and her successors) are being specifically designed to overcome, even excel, in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our engines are custom-built turbofans optimized for quiet operation. They don’t have afterburners, which reduces noise by 20%,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cd:T457,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Boom\u0026#8217;s aircraft will be compatible with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). “Overture can run on up to 100% SAF, compared to today’s planes, which max out at 50-50,” Blake highlights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoom has also worked closely with agencies like the FAA on the regulatory front. “We invited them in early, showed them everything, and asked for their feedback. The result? What could take 90 days took 90 minutes,” Blake told IE.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis collaborative approach led to Boom receiving the first-ever permit for a civilian aircraft to fly supersonic over land during test flights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-the-future-has-in-store\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the future has in store\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Boom, the Overture is just the beginning. Blake envisions a future where supersonic travel becomes routine and accessible to more people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Imagine families connecting across oceans or kids growing up with friends on other continents,” he says. “This isn’t just about speed—it’s about creating deeper human connections,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ce:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNick adds that the industry must continue to innovate. “We need to iterate. Overture 1 is just the start. Overture 2 and 3 will push the envelope further, delivering greater speed, efficiency, and accessibility,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also highlights the importance of revisiting outdated regulations, such as the U.S. ban on supersonic flights over land. “With advancements in low-boom technology, it’s time to rethink these restrictions,” he argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-the-impossible-possible\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the impossible possible\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe journey to revive supersonic travel has been anything but easy, but both Blake and Nick are optimistic. “Supersonic airline travel is inevitable,” Nick says. “It’s just a matter of hard work, and we’re heads down accomplishing that right now,” he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlake agrees, reflecting on the broader implications of their work. “Flying used to be this magical experience—looking down at the world from a vantage point no bird could achieve. We want to bring back that sense of wonder and make it faster, greener, and better for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cf:T187c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWhy Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. 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60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:25:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1160\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"557\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 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60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d1:T1980,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d2:T7d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d3:T6f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d4:T88c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d5:T1975,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFrom Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/from-falcon-to-the-deadliest-viper-yet-f-16v\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Watch From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V on Interesting Engineering. 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Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d7:T465,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-16 Fighting Falcon, a cornerstone of modern air power, has cemented its legacy as one of the most versatile and widely used fighter jets in history. Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d8:T2039,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion 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Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"da:T961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"db:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dc:T70c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dd:T1c4c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture plant to suck 500,000 tons of CO2 yearly\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"wordCount\":552,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Artist's rendering of a direct-air-capture facility powered by wind energy. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; 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Dubbed Project Concho, the facility aims to capture 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually beyond 2030 and will generate verified carbon credits of significant value, a press release said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the name suggests, direct air capture (DAC) technology allows for the capture of carbon directly from the air in an attempt to reduce the circulating CO2 in the atmosphere. This can help combat climate change and slow down the planet\u0026#8217;s warming. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"df:T48b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e0:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e1:T8b3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"17:[[\"$\",\"$L19\",null,{\"articleType\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"publishDate\":\"2024-11-21\",\"title\":\"US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide\",\"category\":\"innovation\"}],[[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-title\",\"content\":\"US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere 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robots offer enhanced resolution capabilities of 7 centimeters, which match or surpass traditional aerial survey quality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe Swift robots offer enhanced resolution capabilities of 7 centimeters, which match or surpass traditional aerial survey quality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4012,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$1d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-robot-kidnaps-12-robots-in-shanghai\\\"\u003eWatch: Tiny robot ‘kidnaps’ 12 big Chinese bots from a Shanghai showroom, shocks world\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/top-7-robotics-stories-of-2023-interesting-engineering\\\"\u003eTop 7 robotics stories of 2023 — Interesting Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-torso-clone-water-powered\\\"\u003eWatch: Ghostly white humanoid robot with water-powered muscles unveiled\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21T20:44:36\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-21T20:44:42\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 03:44 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 03:44 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T004057.652.jpg\",\"title\":\"US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide\",\"name\":\"US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide\",\"alt_text\":\"US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide\",\"description\":\"Swift robot.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://nearspacelabs.com/technology/#meet-swifty\\\"\u003eNear Space Labs\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs, a startup based in Brooklyn, New York, has achieved a significant milestone with the nationwide deployment of its Swift robots across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis accomplishment marks the establishment of the first network of stratospheric robots delivering ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery throughout the continental US.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Swift robots now offer enhanced resolution capabilities of 7 centimeters, which match or surpass traditional aerial survey quality.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$1e\",\"$1f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-autonomous-robots\\\"\u003eAutonomous robots\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs is launching a nationwide deployment of top-quality imaging capabilities to address a significant challenge for insurance carriers. This initiative will provide detailed, up-to-date property data every quarter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe unprecedented frequency of these updates allows insurers to monitor changing conditions, assess risks more accurately, and price policies appropriately. This could enable them to re-enter markets they previously abandoned.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis rollout marks the first-ever nationwide deployment of ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery at scale, surpassing all existing commercial options such as satellites, drones, and airplanes.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWith this initiative and the backing of Fortune 500 insurers, Near Space aims to tackle America’s home insurance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by inadequate data that leads to substantial losses and market exit.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$20\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":3,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Swift robot.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://nearspacelabs.com/technology/#meet-swifty\\\"\u003eNear Space Labs\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-robot-kidnaps-12-robots-in-shanghai\\\"\u003eWatch: Tiny robot ‘kidnaps’ 12 big Chinese bots from a Shanghai showroom, shocks world\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/top-7-robotics-stories-of-2023-interesting-engineering\\\"\u003eTop 7 robotics stories of 2023 — Interesting Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-torso-clone-water-powered\\\"\u003eWatch: Ghostly white humanoid robot with water-powered muscles unveiled\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":122523,\"tags\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Lexicon\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Aerospace\",\"slug\":\"aerospace\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/aerospace\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Lexicon\",\"slug\":\"lexicon\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lexicon\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Transportation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/transportation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$21\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eJoin us as we explore Boom\u0026#8217;s journey to restarting commercial supersonic flight with their XB-1 and Overture aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eJoin us as we explore Boom\u0026#8217;s journey to restarting commercial supersonic flight with their XB-1 and Overture aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":7074,\"readTime\":\"5 minutes\",\"body\":\"$22\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/boom-supersonic-symphony-aircraft-engine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSymphony: Boom Supersonic announces it will develop its own aircraft engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-rolls-royce-will-no-longer-work-together\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic and Rolls-Royce will no longer work together on supersonic plane’s engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic Is Set to Launch the Concorde’s Spiritual Heir\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:47\",\"timeAgo\":\"17 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:54\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:34 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:34 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"title\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"name\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"alt_text\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"description\":\"Blake Scholl\",\"reference\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"$23\",\"$24\",\"$25\",\"$26\",\"$27\",\"$28\",\"$29\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Blake Scholl\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/boom-supersonic-symphony-aircraft-engine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSymphony: Boom Supersonic announces it will develop its own aircraft engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-rolls-royce-will-no-longer-work-together\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic and Rolls-Royce will no longer work together on supersonic plane’s engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic Is Set to Launch the Concorde’s Spiritual Heir\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122442,\"tags\":[\"boron ramjet\",\"China boron\",\"China ramjet\",\"engine\",\"Hypersonic\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"boron ramjet\",\"slug\":\"boron-ramjet\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/boron-ramjet\"},{\"name\":\"China boron\",\"slug\":\"china-boron\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china-boron\"},{\"name\":\"China 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unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3021,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$2b\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-spinout-turns-engines-into-methane-munchers\\\"\u003eMIT spinout uses engines to turn trash gas into green fuel ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/undergrads-develop-hydrogen-engine\\\"\u003eUndergraduates develop hydrogen-powered engine in a first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/porsche-6-stroke-engine-innovation\\\"\u003ePorsche's 6-stroke engine boasts double power, higher ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:30:10\",\"timeAgo\":\"17 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:37:02\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:30 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:37 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"title\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"name\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"description\":\"Chinese scientists claimed that the boron ramjet engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eWlad74/\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina has tested a powerful engine that can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through both air and water. The novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests, which were conducted in submarine mode, and met the desired requirements for practical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped for hypersonic weapons, the engine inhales air and water as oxidizing agents depending upon the medium, where it\u0026#8217;s being used.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$2c\",\"$2d\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eVarious studies have been conducted previously to review recent advancements and challenges in adopting boron-loaded gel fuel for practical ramjet and scramjet propulsion devices.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEven though \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667134423000421\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eboron\u003c/a\u003e is a potential source for improving the energy density of liquid fuel, it was not widely used in practical propulsive devices till last year primarily because the native oxide layer present in the boron inhibits ignition and combustion.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, some researchers reported that the boron particles were fully burnt in the two-stage combustion, suggesting that the two-stage combustion of boron particles can be achieved by ramjet and scramjet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Chinese scientists claimed that the boron ramjet engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eWlad74/\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-spinout-turns-engines-into-methane-munchers\\\"\u003eMIT spinout uses engines to turn trash gas into green fuel ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/undergrads-develop-hydrogen-engine\\\"\u003eUndergraduates develop hydrogen-powered engine in a first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/porsche-6-stroke-engine-innovation\\\"\u003ePorsche's 6-stroke engine boasts double power, higher ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122484,\"tags\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; 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His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a surprising development, the US Navy has released a Request for Information (RFI) regarding the development of a Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe initiative aims to establish a modular and resilient cruise missile system that delivers a proportional response while ensuring essential adversary targets remain vulnerable.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to deploy an operational system by fiscal year 2034, with prototype tests anticipated within the next three years.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$30\",\"$31\",\"$32\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupporters of the SLCM-N contend that it provides a flexible and survivable nuclear option capable of deployment in various regions without needing to station nuclear assets on allied territories.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder, emphasizing that the commander-in-chief should have access to such options.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to its predecessor, the Navy\u0026#8217;s discontinued TLAM-N, the SLCM-N is envisioned as a lower-yield nuclear weapon launched from submarines that would add a new dimension to the maritime segment of the nuclear triad, allowing the United States to respond proportionately to a limited nuclear attack by an adversary.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ballistic-missile-launch-from-underwater-gm1262642973-369465735\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\\\"\u003eUS Navy’s 6th-gen fighter pursues unique design, independent of Air Force NGAD\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\\\"\u003eUS Air Force gets first long-range, high-speed stand-in attack missile for F-35s\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-aim-174b-missiles\\\"\u003eUS’ new missile outranges Beijing’s top weapon, could shift power in South China Sea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":121611,\"tags\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Aerospace\",\"slug\":\"aerospace\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/aerospace\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$33\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn an exclusive with IE, HALO Space\u0026#8217;s CEO and CTO discussed the tech powering the Aurora capsule, and their vision for near-space exploration.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn an exclusive with IE, HALO Space\u0026#8217;s CEO and CTO discussed the tech powering the Aurora capsule, and their vision for near-space exploration.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":9292,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$34\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\"\u003eHalo Space: how 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to all\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/iot-sateliot-5g-space-everywhere\\\"\u003eIoT: How Sateliot is bringing 5G from space to ‘absolutely everywhere’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spacex-gm-space-solar-power\\\"\u003eFormer SpaceX, General Motors engineers turn to space-based solar power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34\",\"timeAgo\":\"18 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:26 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:31 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"title\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"name\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"alt_text\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"description\":\"The Aurora space capsule in flight, suspended by a balloon/parachute system.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\\\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space, a Spanish startup, is bringing near-space tourism closer to reality with its \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e capsule\u003c/a\u003e. Better yet, if flying to the edge of space sounds like your dream experience, you can join a waiting list.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe stratospheric balloon system is designed to carry passengers 22 miles (35 kilometers) above the Earth\u0026#8217;s surface, offering an experience different from rocket-based space tourism.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHALO Space\u003c/em\u003e expanded its testing and assembly operations to Saudi Arabia last month, which is a significant step forward.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$35\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA tranquil ascent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of the high-G forces and intense speeds typical of rocket launches, the Aurora capsule rises gradually,\u0026#8221; they said. This approach offers a peaceful journey with spectacular views of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature and space\u0026#8217;s darkness.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMira and Castillo then highlighted the sustainability aspect of the stratospheric balloon system.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026#8216;Reduced carbon footprint\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The use of helium balloons dramatically reduces the carbon footprint compared to rocket-based launches, making it a greener alternative for space tourism,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccessibility\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, since it avoids the physical demands of high-speed rocket travel, the Aurora capsule is accessible to a broader range of passengers. Miro and Castillo explained that this includes those who might need to be physically fit for traditional space travel.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$36\",\"$37\",\"$38\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnology testing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the near-space environment offers conditions similar to those found in space. Such conditions include low temperatures, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Companies can use the Aurora capsule to test new space technologies in these conditions at a lower cost than launching satellites or rockets,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$39\",\"$3a\",\"$3b\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey argued that by focusing on accessibility, sustainability, and safety, HALO Space opens the door to new possibilities for space tourism, scientific discovery, and commercial innovation. \u0026#8220;Our goal is not just to take passengers on an unforgettable journey but to inspire a deeper connection to the planet and our place in the universe,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo concluded.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We believe that the Aurora capsule offers not just an adventure, but a transformative experience that will forever change how people see the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The Aurora space capsule in flight, suspended by a balloon/parachute system.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\\\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\"\u003eHalo Space: how 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to all\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/iot-sateliot-5g-space-everywhere\\\"\u003eIoT: How Sateliot is bringing 5G from space to ‘absolutely everywhere’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spacex-gm-space-solar-power\\\"\u003eFormer SpaceX, General Motors engineers turn to space-based solar power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-121611-speech-20241119183535.mp3\"},{\"id\":122351,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Autonomous Surgery\",\"da Vinci\",\"Lung Transplant\",\"Lungs\",\"Machine 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transplant\",\"slug\":\"organ-transplant\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/organ-transplant\"},{\"name\":\"robot\",\"slug\":\"robot\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot\"},{\"name\":\"Robotic Surgery\",\"slug\":\"robotic-surgery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robotic-surgery\"},{\"name\":\"Surgery\",\"slug\":\"surgery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/surgery\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Health\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Health\",\"slug\":\"health\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/health\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$3c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"health\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":10,\"title\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eSmall 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EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T193847.230.jpg\",\"title\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"name\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"alt_text\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"description\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\\\"\u003eNYU Langone Health\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eNew York University (NYU) Langone Health achieved a medical milestone by performing the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA 57-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent a double lung transplant using the da Vinci Xi robotic system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSmall incisions between the ribs allowed the robotic system to remove each lung, prepare the surgical site, and implant the new lungs. Both lungs were successfully transplanted entirely with robotic techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the team, the procedure showcases a breakthrough in robotic surgery and advances minimally invasive care.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$3e\",\"$3f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the da Vinci system is known for input inaccuracies, researchers overcame this by focusing on relative movements instead of absolute actions. This adjustment improved precision and adaptability, allowing the robot to generalize to new environments and tasks, such as recovering a dropped needle during surgery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe new model streamlines robot training, enabling surgical robots to learn procedures in days rather than years. According to experts, the innovation has the potential to advance surgical autonomy, minimize errors, and enhance procedural accuracy, marking a significant leap forward in robotic medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\\\"\u003eNYU Langone Health\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\\\"\u003eBreakthrough robot nails surgery like a human doctor after watching videos \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\\\"\u003eWorld’s 1st robot surgeon concept for head-swap surgery shocks internet \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\\\"\u003eLab-made muscle: New laser tech grows real human tissues to replace lab rats\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 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(Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellite-and-planet-gm181075945-25438464?searchscope=image,film\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eenot-poloskun\u003c/a\u003e/AdrianHancu\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA Chinese company is challenging dominance of Elon Musk\u0026#8217;s Starlink in the Latin American region. Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$42\",\"$43\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\\\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"SpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based internet access to areas with limited connectivity. 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/worlds-1-wooden-satellite-launched-by-japan\\\"\u003eJapan sends world's 1st wooden satellite on 6-month ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122350,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and 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minutes\",\"body\":\"$45\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rare-earth-oxides-turbine-engine\\\"\u003eTurbine engines run at record 3,300°F with rare Earth oxide coating\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-coating-stops-biofouling-of-solar-cells\\\"\u003eNew coating keeps underwater solar cells 100% powerful, biofoul free\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-coating-boosts-efficiency\\\"\u003eNew coating removes solar panel defects, boosts efficiency to 31%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"name\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"alt_text\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"description\":\"Representational stock image of jet engine powered plane. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/f-a-18c-hornet-catapult-launch-gm118958406-12105473?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003ezoltanpocza/iStock\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\",\"description\":\"Ameya is a science writer based in Hyderabad, India. A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. 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What made it so popular?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. What made it so popular?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":507,\"readTime\":\"1 minute\",\"body\":\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype soared with the release of the Tesla Bot Action Figure. Designed to resemble and move like its full-scale counterpart, the collectible sold out in less than 24 hours, captivating fans and collectors alike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe allure lies in its connection to the groundbreaking Optimus robot and Tesla’s vision of the future. As a tangible piece of cutting-edge robotics, the figure offers a unique way to engage with Tesla’s innovation, fueling excitement among enthusiasts.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:32\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:26:12\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:25 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:26 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"name\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"alt_text\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Pelin Sener\",\"slug\":\"pelin-sener\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/411024a83be8b93d071003ffe36836e8?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"pelin-sener\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/pelin-sener\",\"description\":\"\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype soared with the release of the Tesla Bot Action Figure. 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Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":5126,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$4b\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:24:58\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:58:06\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:58 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"title\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"name\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"alt_text\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$4c\",\"$4d\",\"$4e\",\"$4f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical 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While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new protective coating has significantly increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Northwestern University scientists, the coating also extends the life of perovskite solar cells. Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$52\",\"$53\",\"$54\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\\\"\u003eNU\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough#:~:text=While%20silicon%2Dbased%20solar%20panels,have%20hindered%20their%20widespread%20adoption.\\\"\u003eBreakthrough in perovskite tech extends solar cell life by 66%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-fabrication-method-cityuhk\\\"\u003eStunning solar cells offer 25% efficiency, 95% stability after ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/korean-institute-perovskite-solar-module-record\\\"\u003eKRICT's 20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":122624,\"tags\":[\"China\",\"Defense \u0026amp; 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Despite these advancements, the rapid evolution of drone technology and the relative ease of their acquisition mean the threat is far from under control. The race to develop countermeasures is ongoing, as nations strive to adapt to the growing use of kamikaze drones in conflicts around the world.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/are-kamikaze-drones-a-threat-to-the-america\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":2,\"source_target\":\"uK7VgEKiJ7c\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"video_source_type\":\"2\",\"video_source_target\":\"uK7VgEKiJ7c\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"\",\"feed_video_description\":\"\",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122492,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polypropylene\",\"Recycling\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"plastic\",\"slug\":\"plastic\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic\"},{\"name\":\"plastic recycling\",\"slug\":\"plastic-recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic-recycling\"},{\"name\":\"polypropylene\",\"slug\":\"polypropylene\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/polypropylene\"},{\"name\":\"Recycling\",\"slug\":\"recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/recycling\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$5c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eScientists at UC Berkeley have developed a new chemical recycling process that allows for plastic creation to happen from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eScientists at UC Berkeley have developed a new chemical recycling process that allows for plastic creation to happen from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":8033,\"readTime\":\"6 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\\\"\u003eNew method turns plastic waste into valuable resources with vaporizing process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\\\"\u003eFrom trash to fuel: US scientist unlocks green hydrogen potential in plastic bottles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solarcycle-to-recycle-10-million-solar-panels-yearly\\\"\u003eUS plant plans to recycle 10 million solar panels yearly with 99% recovery\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T07:09:01\",\"timeAgo\":\"5 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T07:14:31\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 02:09 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 02:14 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"title\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"name\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"alt_text\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"description\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/es/foto/contaminaci%C3%B3n-del-oc%C3%A9ano-con-residuos-pl%C3%A1sticos-flotando-debajo-gm1574460400-528214017?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003elaurence soulez/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA team of scientists from University of California, Berkeley, has developed a new method for breaking plastics down into their original building blocks. This could unlock a new highly-efficient recycling industry that produces valuable plastics and reduces the need to derive them from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem with recycling methods today is that they collect and combine plastics with different chemical architectures to create weaker, less useful plastics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5e\",\"$5f\",\"$60\",\"$61\",\"$62\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Hartwig, “this happens to each of the roughly thousand carbon atoms in the chain to leave nothing behind by the catalyst and emits propylene gas.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“In non-chemical terms, I like to compare it to deconstructing a metal chain,” he said. “First, we cleave the chain in the middle with a catalyst and leave at the ends a reactive unit—a carbon-carbon double bond. In the chain analogy this would be an open link. Then a catalyst will remove that open link by attaching it to a new one.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“By doing so, the next chain link is left open. The catalyst can then attach that open chain link at the end to a new chain,” Hartwig continued. “Alternatively, one can compare it to taking apart a pearl necklace. In this analogy, the chain is broken in the middle, allowing the pearls to be removed one at a time. In the process of removing them, they are attached to two new pearls to make new units of three pearls.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-when-will-we-see-the-new-circular-economy\\\"\u003eWhen will we see the new circular economy?\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, Hartwig and his team’s new process could lead to a massive reduction in the amount of new plastics produced. Over time, this would reduce the vast amount of fossil fuels used to create new plastics. It would also prevent a lot of plastics from ending up in landfills and a lot of chemical waste—produced by traditional recycling methods—from going into the atmosphere. The method could also substantially reduce existing waste, as this would become a source for valuable new plastics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, it may be a while before the new method starts operating on an industrial scale. According to Hartwig, “one could envision being able to increase the scale of the reaction by improvements in the catalyst and in the engineering of reactors. [However], the timescale and probability of it becoming commercialized is too hard to predict.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say his team isn’t looking to take their method to the next phase. While Hartwig emphasizes the fact that “large chemical processes do take time to translate to commercial scale,” he is hopeful that his team will get there eventually. “We have applied to funding sources to bridge this gap between discovery and commercialization,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/es/foto/contaminaci%C3%B3n-del-oc%C3%A9ano-con-residuos-pl%C3%A1sticos-flotando-debajo-gm1574460400-528214017?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003elaurence soulez/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\\\"\u003eNew method turns plastic waste into valuable resources with vaporizing process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\\\"\u003eFrom trash to fuel: US scientist unlocks green hydrogen potential in plastic bottles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solarcycle-to-recycle-10-million-solar-panels-yearly\\\"\u003eUS plant plans to recycle 10 million solar panels yearly with 99% recovery\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-122492-speech-20241123070916.mp3\"},{\"id\":122523,\"tags\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Energy \u0026amp; 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Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"$65\",\"$66\",\"$67\",\"$68\",\"$69\",\"$6a\",\"$6b\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Blake Scholl\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/boom-supersonic-symphony-aircraft-engine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSymphony: Boom Supersonic announces it will develop its own aircraft engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-rolls-royce-will-no-longer-work-together\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic and Rolls-Royce will no longer work together on supersonic plane’s engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic Is Set to Launch the Concorde’s Spiritual Heir\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122428,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$6c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. 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A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe world\u0026#8217;s first wind-powered carbon capture facility will be built in Tom Green County, Texas. Dubbed Project Concho, the facility aims to capture 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually beyond 2030 and will generate verified carbon credits of significant value, a press release said. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs the name suggests, direct air capture (DAC) technology allows for the capture of carbon directly from the air in an attempt to reduce the circulating CO2 in the atmosphere. 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That\u0026#8217;s a switch. We\u0026#8217;re using proven Chinese 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robotics stories of 2023 — Interesting Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-torso-clone-water-powered\\\"\u003eWatch: Ghostly white humanoid robot with water-powered muscles unveiled\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21T20:44:36\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-21T20:44:42\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 03:44 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 03:44 PM 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Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs, a startup based in Brooklyn, New York, has achieved a significant milestone with the nationwide deployment of its Swift robots across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis accomplishment marks the establishment of the first network of stratospheric robots delivering ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery throughout the continental US.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Swift robots now offer enhanced resolution capabilities of 7 centimeters, which match or surpass traditional aerial survey quality.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$81\",\"$82\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-autonomous-robots\\\"\u003eAutonomous robots\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNear Space Labs is launching a nationwide deployment of top-quality imaging capabilities to address a significant challenge for insurance carriers. This initiative will provide detailed, up-to-date property data every quarter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe unprecedented frequency of these updates allows insurers to monitor changing conditions, assess risks more accurately, and price policies appropriately. This could enable them to re-enter markets they previously abandoned.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis rollout marks the first-ever nationwide deployment of ultra-high-resolution aerial imagery at scale, surpassing all existing commercial options such as satellites, drones, and airplanes.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWith this initiative and the backing of Fortune 500 insurers, Near Space aims to tackle America’s home insurance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by inadequate data that leads to substantial losses and market exit.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$83\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":3,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Swift robot.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://nearspacelabs.com/technology/#meet-swifty\\\"\u003eNear Space Labs\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-robot-kidnaps-12-robots-in-shanghai\\\"\u003eWatch: Tiny robot ‘kidnaps’ 12 big Chinese bots from a Shanghai showroom, shocks world\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/top-7-robotics-stories-of-2023-interesting-engineering\\\"\u003eTop 7 robotics stories of 2023 — Interesting Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-torso-clone-water-powered\\\"\u003eWatch: Ghostly white humanoid robot with water-powered muscles unveiled\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":122523,\"tags\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Lexicon\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Aerospace\",\"slug\":\"aerospace\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/aerospace\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Lexicon\",\"slug\":\"lexicon\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lexicon\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Transportation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/transportation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$84\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eJoin us as we explore Boom\u0026#8217;s journey to restarting commercial supersonic flight with their XB-1 and Overture aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eJoin us as we explore Boom\u0026#8217;s journey to restarting commercial supersonic flight with their XB-1 and Overture aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":7074,\"readTime\":\"5 minutes\",\"body\":\"$85\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/boom-supersonic-symphony-aircraft-engine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSymphony: Boom Supersonic announces it will develop its own aircraft engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-rolls-royce-will-no-longer-work-together\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic and Rolls-Royce will no longer work together on supersonic plane’s engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic Is Set to Launch the Concorde’s Spiritual Heir\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:47\",\"timeAgo\":\"17 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:34:54\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:34 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:34 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/articlemain_612a5e.png\",\"title\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"name\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"alt_text\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom\u0026#8217;s vision for supersonic flight\",\"description\":\"Blake Scholl\",\"reference\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"$86\",\"$87\",\"$88\",\"$89\",\"$8a\",\"$8b\",\"$8c\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Blake Scholl\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/boom-supersonic-symphony-aircraft-engine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSymphony: Boom Supersonic announces it will develop its own aircraft engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-rolls-royce-will-no-longer-work-together\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic and Rolls-Royce will no longer work together on supersonic plane’s engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic Is Set to Launch the Concorde’s Spiritual Heir\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122442,\"tags\":[\"boron ramjet\",\"China 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unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe engine was stable as the flame and the pressure in the afterburner remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3021,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$8e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-spinout-turns-engines-into-methane-munchers\\\"\u003eMIT spinout uses engines to turn trash gas into green fuel ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/undergrads-develop-hydrogen-engine\\\"\u003eUndergraduates develop hydrogen-powered engine in a first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/porsche-6-stroke-engine-innovation\\\"\u003ePorsche's 6-stroke engine boasts double power, higher ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:30:10\",\"timeAgo\":\"17 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T19:37:02\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:30 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 02:37 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-26.png\",\"title\":\"World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency\",\"name\":\"World’s first underwater boron 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(Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eWlad74/\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina has tested a powerful engine that can carry weapons at remarkable speeds through both air and water. The novel engine achieved 90% efficiency in laboratory tests, which were conducted in submarine mode, and met the desired requirements for practical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped for hypersonic weapons, the engine inhales air and water as oxidizing agents depending upon the medium, where it\u0026#8217;s being used.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$8f\",\"$90\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eVarious studies have been conducted previously to review recent advancements and challenges in adopting boron-loaded gel fuel for practical ramjet and scramjet propulsion devices.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEven though \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667134423000421\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eboron\u003c/a\u003e is a potential source for improving the energy density of liquid fuel, it was not widely used in practical propulsive devices till last year primarily because the native oxide layer present in the boron inhibits ignition and combustion.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, some researchers reported that the boron particles were fully burnt in the two-stage combustion, suggesting that the two-stage combustion of boron particles can be achieved by ramjet and scramjet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Chinese scientists claimed that the boron ramjet engine’s exhaust jet velocity exceeded Mach 3. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eWlad74/\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hypersonic-rocket-flies-above-the-clouds-gm1391247331-447930369?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-spinout-turns-engines-into-methane-munchers\\\"\u003eMIT spinout uses engines to turn trash gas into green fuel ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/undergrads-develop-hydrogen-engine\\\"\u003eUndergraduates develop hydrogen-powered engine in a first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/porsche-6-stroke-engine-innovation\\\"\u003ePorsche's 6-stroke engine boasts double power, higher ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122484,\"tags\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"Missile\",\"Nuclear\",\"Nuclear missiles\",\"nuclear submarines\",\"Submarines\",\"US Navy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"slug\":\"defense-military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/defense-military\"},{\"name\":\"Missile\",\"slug\":\"missile\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/missile\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear missiles\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-missiles\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-missiles\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear submarines\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-submarines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-submarines\"},{\"name\":\"Submarines\",\"slug\":\"submarines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/submarines\"},{\"name\":\"US Navy\",\"slug\":\"us-navy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/us-navy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$91\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4233,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$92\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\\\"\u003eUS Navy’s 6th-gen fighter pursues unique design, independent of Air Force NGAD\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\\\"\u003eUS Air Force gets first long-range, high-speed stand-in attack missile for F-35s\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-aim-174b-missiles\\\"\u003eUS’ new missile outranges Beijing’s top weapon, could shift power in South China Sea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:13\",\"timeAgo\":\"18 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:46:19\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:46 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:46 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T222720.051.jpg\",\"title\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"name\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"alt_text\":\"US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades\",\"description\":\"Representative image.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ballistic-missile-launch-from-underwater-gm1262642973-369465735\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a surprising development, the US Navy has released a Request for Information (RFI) regarding the development of a Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe initiative aims to establish a modular and resilient cruise missile system that delivers a proportional response while ensuring essential adversary targets remain vulnerable.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal is to deploy an operational system by fiscal year 2034, with prototype tests anticipated within the next three years.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$93\",\"$94\",\"$95\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupporters of the SLCM-N contend that it provides a flexible and survivable nuclear option capable of deployment in various regions without needing to station nuclear assets on allied territories.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe SLCM-N would fulfill a critical role as a sea-based nuclear deterrent below the strategic level on the nuclear escalation ladder, emphasizing that the commander-in-chief should have access to such options.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to its predecessor, the Navy\u0026#8217;s discontinued TLAM-N, the SLCM-N is envisioned as a lower-yield nuclear weapon launched from submarines that would add a new dimension to the maritime segment of the nuclear triad, allowing the United States to respond proportionately to a limited nuclear attack by an adversary.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ballistic-missile-launch-from-underwater-gm1262642973-369465735\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eAlexyz3d\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-6th-gen-fighter-2\\\"\u003eUS Navy’s 6th-gen fighter pursues unique design, independent of Air Force NGAD\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/usaf-stand-in-attack-missile\\\"\u003eUS Air Force gets first long-range, high-speed stand-in attack missile for F-35s\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-aim-174b-missiles\\\"\u003eUS’ new missile outranges Beijing’s top weapon, could shift power in South China Sea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":121611,\"tags\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Aerospace\",\"slug\":\"aerospace\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/aerospace\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$96\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn an exclusive with IE, HALO Space\u0026#8217;s CEO and CTO discussed the tech powering the Aurora capsule, and their vision for near-space exploration.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn an exclusive with IE, HALO Space\u0026#8217;s CEO and CTO discussed the tech powering the Aurora capsule, and their vision for near-space exploration.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":9292,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$97\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\"\u003eHalo Space: how 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to all\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/iot-sateliot-5g-space-everywhere\\\"\u003eIoT: How Sateliot is bringing 5G from space to ‘absolutely everywhere’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spacex-gm-space-solar-power\\\"\u003eFormer SpaceX, General Motors engineers turn to space-based solar power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:26:34\",\"timeAgo\":\"18 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T18:31:21\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:26 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 01:31 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1920-×-1080px-2.jpg\",\"title\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"name\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"alt_text\":\"How Halo Space\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8216;Aurora\u0026#8217; balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses\",\"description\":\"The Aurora space capsule in flight, suspended by a balloon/parachute system.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\\\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHALO Space, a Spanish startup, is bringing near-space tourism closer to reality with its \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAurora\u003c/em\u003e capsule\u003c/a\u003e. Better yet, if flying to the edge of space sounds like your dream experience, you can join a waiting list.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe stratospheric balloon system is designed to carry passengers 22 miles (35 kilometers) above the Earth\u0026#8217;s surface, offering an experience different from rocket-based space tourism.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHALO Space\u003c/em\u003e expanded its testing and assembly operations to Saudi Arabia last month, which is a significant step forward.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$98\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA tranquil ascent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of the high-G forces and intense speeds typical of rocket launches, the Aurora capsule rises gradually,\u0026#8221; they said. This approach offers a peaceful journey with spectacular views of Earth\u0026#8217;s curvature and space\u0026#8217;s darkness.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMira and Castillo then highlighted the sustainability aspect of the stratospheric balloon system.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026#8216;Reduced carbon footprint\u0026#8217;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The use of helium balloons dramatically reduces the carbon footprint compared to rocket-based launches, making it a greener alternative for space tourism,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccessibility\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, since it avoids the physical demands of high-speed rocket travel, the Aurora capsule is accessible to a broader range of passengers. Miro and Castillo explained that this includes those who might need to be physically fit for traditional space travel.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$99\",\"$9a\",\"$9b\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnology testing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the near-space environment offers conditions similar to those found in space. Such conditions include low temperatures, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Companies can use the Aurora capsule to test new space technologies in these conditions at a lower cost than launching satellites or rockets,\u0026#8221; they said.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$9c\",\"$9d\",\"$9e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey argued that by focusing on accessibility, sustainability, and safety, HALO Space opens the door to new possibilities for space tourism, scientific discovery, and commercial innovation. \u0026#8220;Our goal is not just to take passengers on an unforgettable journey but to inspire a deeper connection to the planet and our place in the universe,\u0026#8221; Mira and Castrillo concluded.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We believe that the Aurora capsule offers not just an adventure, but a transformative experience that will forever change how people see the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The Aurora space capsule in flight, suspended by a balloon/parachute system.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.halospaceflight.com/\\\"\u003eHalo Space\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/halo-space-aurora-capsule\\\"\u003eHalo Space: how 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to all\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/iot-sateliot-5g-space-everywhere\\\"\u003eIoT: How Sateliot is bringing 5G from space to ‘absolutely everywhere’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spacex-gm-space-solar-power\\\"\u003eFormer SpaceX, General Motors engineers turn to space-based solar power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-121611-speech-20241119183535.mp3\"},{\"id\":122351,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Autonomous Surgery\",\"da Vinci\",\"Lung Transplant\",\"Lungs\",\"Machine 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transplant\",\"slug\":\"organ-transplant\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/organ-transplant\"},{\"name\":\"robot\",\"slug\":\"robot\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot\"},{\"name\":\"Robotic Surgery\",\"slug\":\"robotic-surgery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robotic-surgery\"},{\"name\":\"Surgery\",\"slug\":\"surgery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/surgery\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Health\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Health\",\"slug\":\"health\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/health\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$9f\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"health\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":10,\"title\":\"NYU performs world\u0026#8217;s first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eSmall 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Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eNew York University (NYU) Langone Health achieved a medical milestone by performing the world’s first fully robotic double lung transplant.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA 57-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent a double lung transplant using the da Vinci Xi robotic system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSmall incisions between the ribs allowed the robotic system to remove each lung, prepare the surgical site, and implant the new lungs. Both lungs were successfully transplanted entirely with robotic techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the team, the procedure showcases a breakthrough in robotic surgery and advances minimally invasive care.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a1\",\"$a2\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the da Vinci system is known for input inaccuracies, researchers overcame this by focusing on relative movements instead of absolute actions. This adjustment improved precision and adaptability, allowing the robot to generalize to new environments and tasks, such as recovering a dropped needle during surgery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe new model streamlines robot training, enabling surgical robots to learn procedures in days rather than years. According to experts, the innovation has the potential to advance surgical autonomy, minimize errors, and enhance procedural accuracy, marking a significant leap forward in robotic medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Both lungs were transplanted using robotic techniques.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-performs-first-fully-robotic-lung-transplant-united-states\\\"\u003eNYU Langone Health\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-nails-surgery-lik-human-doctor\\\"\u003eBreakthrough robot nails surgery like a human doctor after watching videos \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/ai-robot-surgery-shocks-internet\\\"\u003eWorld’s 1st robot surgeon concept for head-swap surgery shocks internet \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/lab-made-muscle-with-new-laser-tech\\\"\u003eLab-made muscle: New laser tech grows real human tissues to replace lab rats\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 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minutes\",\"body\":\"$a4\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/japan-finally-built-worlds-first-wooden-satellite\\\"\u003eWorld's 1st wood satellite ready to blast off on SpaceX rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/boeing-built-satellite-breaks-up-in-orbit\\\"\u003eBoeing-built satellite blows up into bits in space, cutting ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/worlds-1-wooden-satellite-launched-by-japan\\\"\u003eJapan sends world's 1st wooden satellite on 6-month ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T15:53:33\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T15:59:16\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 10:53 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 10:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"title\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"name\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"alt_text\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"description\":\"SpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based internet access to areas with limited connectivity. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellite-and-planet-gm181075945-25438464?searchscope=image,film\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eenot-poloskun\u003c/a\u003e/AdrianHancu\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA Chinese company is challenging dominance of Elon Musk\u0026#8217;s Starlink in the Latin American region. Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a5\",\"$a6\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\\\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"SpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based internet access to areas with limited connectivity. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellite-and-planet-gm181075945-25438464?searchscope=image,film\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eenot-poloskun\u003c/a\u003e/AdrianHancu\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/japan-finally-built-worlds-first-wooden-satellite\\\"\u003eWorld's 1st wood satellite ready to blast off on SpaceX rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/boeing-built-satellite-breaks-up-in-orbit\\\"\u003eBoeing-built satellite blows up into bits in space, cutting ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/worlds-1-wooden-satellite-launched-by-japan\\\"\u003eJapan sends world's 1st wooden satellite on 6-month ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122350,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and 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minutes\",\"body\":\"$a8\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rare-earth-oxides-turbine-engine\\\"\u003eTurbine engines run at record 3,300°F with rare Earth oxide coating\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-coating-stops-biofouling-of-solar-cells\\\"\u003eNew coating keeps underwater solar cells 100% powerful, biofoul free\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-coating-boosts-efficiency\\\"\u003eNew coating removes solar panel defects, boosts efficiency to 31%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"name\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"alt_text\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"description\":\"Representational stock image of jet engine powered plane. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/f-a-18c-hornet-catapult-launch-gm118958406-12105473?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan 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A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. 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Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. 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His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA Chinese military-developed supercomputer has once again ranked first in an international test of AI computing efficiency. Tianhe, created by the National University of Defense Technology, tops the latest list of the world’s most power-efficient big data processing systems, achieving its second win since 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe advanced computing power of supercomputers can be applied to simulations for studying climate change, conducting materials research, exploring space, and developing treatments for various diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ba\",\"$bb\",\"$bc\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-supercomputer-tops-global-rankings\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of a high-tech database super computer clean room\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/shot-of-modern-data-center-with-multiple-rows-of-operational-server-racks-modern-gm1148196201-310003505\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003egorodenkoff\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-supercomputer-hits-1-35-quintillion-calculations-per-second-with-new-speed-power\\\"\u003eUS supercomputer hits 1.35 quintillion calculations per second with new speed power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/japan-worlds-1st-zeta-class-supercomputer\\\"\u003eJapan to build supercomputer 1000 times faster than world’s most powerful machines\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-unveils-fastest-homegrown-supercomputer\\\"\u003eTianhe Xingyi: China unveils the ‘fastest’ homegrown supercomputer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122662,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$bd\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Are kamikaze drones a threat to the America?\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eKamikaze drones are reshaping modern warfare, offering stealth, accessibility, and deadly precision. What makes them so effective, and how are defenses evolving?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eKamikaze drones are reshaping modern warfare, offering stealth, accessibility, and deadly precision. What makes them so effective, and how are defenses evolving?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":1260,\"readTime\":\"1 minute\",\"body\":\"$be\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/are-kamikaze-drones-a-threat-to-the-america\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T10:45:24\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T10:45:25\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 05:45 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 05:45 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB_025458.jpg\",\"title\":\"Are kamikaze drones a threat to the America?\",\"name\":\"Are kamikaze drones a threat to the America?\",\"alt_text\":\"Are kamikaze drones a threat to the America?\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Pelin Sener\",\"slug\":\"pelin-sener\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/411024a83be8b93d071003ffe36836e8?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"pelin-sener\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/pelin-sener\",\"description\":\"\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eKamikaze drones, or loitering munitions, are revolutionizing modern warfare with their unique blend of stealth, accessibility, and deadly precision. These drones are difficult to detect, inexpensive to produce, and disturbingly easy to deploy, allowing even smaller groups to access cutting-edge military technology. Designed to loiter in the air before targeting and striking with explosive payloads, they can blend seamlessly into civilian areas, making them particularly hard to counter. This combination of factors has made them a growing threat on the battlefield and a challenge for global security forces.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo combat this rising threat, military organizations are developing a range of defensive measures, from advanced radar systems to detect drones early, to electronic jamming technologies that disrupt their communication and navigation. AI-driven defense networks are also being implemented to identify and neutralize drones more effectively. Despite these advancements, the rapid evolution of drone technology and the relative ease of their acquisition mean the threat is far from under control. The race to develop countermeasures is ongoing, as nations strive to adapt to the growing use of kamikaze drones in conflicts around the world.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/are-kamikaze-drones-a-threat-to-the-america\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":2,\"source_target\":\"uK7VgEKiJ7c\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"video_source_type\":\"2\",\"video_source_target\":\"uK7VgEKiJ7c\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"\",\"feed_video_description\":\"\",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122492,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polypropylene\",\"Recycling\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"plastic\",\"slug\":\"plastic\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic\"},{\"name\":\"plastic recycling\",\"slug\":\"plastic-recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic-recycling\"},{\"name\":\"polypropylene\",\"slug\":\"polypropylene\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/polypropylene\"},{\"name\":\"Recycling\",\"slug\":\"recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/recycling\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$bf\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eScientists at UC Berkeley have developed a new chemical recycling process that allows for plastic creation to happen from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eScientists at UC Berkeley have developed a new chemical recycling process that allows for plastic creation to happen from scratch.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":8033,\"readTime\":\"6 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c0\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\\\"\u003eNew method turns plastic waste into valuable resources with vaporizing process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\\\"\u003eFrom trash to fuel: US scientist unlocks green hydrogen potential in plastic bottles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solarcycle-to-recycle-10-million-solar-panels-yearly\\\"\u003eUS plant plans to recycle 10 million solar panels yearly with 99% recovery\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-23T07:09:01\",\"timeAgo\":\"5 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-23T07:14:31\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 02:09 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 23, 2024 02:14 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plastic-waste.jpg\",\"title\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"name\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"alt_text\":\"How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\",\"description\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/es/foto/contaminaci%C3%B3n-del-oc%C3%A9ano-con-residuos-pl%C3%A1sticos-flotando-debajo-gm1574460400-528214017?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003elaurence soulez/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA team of scientists from University of California, Berkeley, has developed a new method for breaking plastics down into their original building blocks. This could unlock a new highly-efficient recycling industry that produces valuable plastics and reduces the need to derive them from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe problem with recycling methods today is that they collect and combine plastics with different chemical architectures to create weaker, less useful plastics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c1\",\"$c2\",\"$c3\",\"$c4\",\"$c5\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Hartwig, “this happens to each of the roughly thousand carbon atoms in the chain to leave nothing behind by the catalyst and emits propylene gas.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“In non-chemical terms, I like to compare it to deconstructing a metal chain,” he said. “First, we cleave the chain in the middle with a catalyst and leave at the ends a reactive unit—a carbon-carbon double bond. In the chain analogy this would be an open link. Then a catalyst will remove that open link by attaching it to a new one.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“By doing so, the next chain link is left open. The catalyst can then attach that open chain link at the end to a new chain,” Hartwig continued. “Alternatively, one can compare it to taking apart a pearl necklace. In this analogy, the chain is broken in the middle, allowing the pearls to be removed one at a time. In the process of removing them, they are attached to two new pearls to make new units of three pearls.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-when-will-we-see-the-new-circular-economy\\\"\u003eWhen will we see the new circular economy?\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, Hartwig and his team’s new process could lead to a massive reduction in the amount of new plastics produced. Over time, this would reduce the vast amount of fossil fuels used to create new plastics. It would also prevent a lot of plastics from ending up in landfills and a lot of chemical waste—produced by traditional recycling methods—from going into the atmosphere. The method could also substantially reduce existing waste, as this would become a source for valuable new plastics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, it may be a while before the new method starts operating on an industrial scale. According to Hartwig, “one could envision being able to increase the scale of the reaction by improvements in the catalyst and in the engineering of reactors. [However], the timescale and probability of it becoming commercialized is too hard to predict.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say his team isn’t looking to take their method to the next phase. While Hartwig emphasizes the fact that “large chemical processes do take time to translate to commercial scale,” he is hopeful that his team will get there eventually. “We have applied to funding sources to bridge this gap between discovery and commercialization,” he explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"An artist's render of plastic waste in the ocean.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/es/foto/contaminaci%C3%B3n-del-oc%C3%A9ano-con-residuos-pl%C3%A1sticos-flotando-debajo-gm1574460400-528214017?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003elaurence soulez/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\\\"\u003eNew method turns plastic waste into valuable resources with vaporizing process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\\\"\u003eFrom trash to fuel: US scientist unlocks green hydrogen potential in plastic bottles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solarcycle-to-recycle-10-million-solar-panels-yearly\\\"\u003eUS plant plans to recycle 10 million solar panels yearly with 99% recovery\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-122492-speech-20241123070916.mp3\"},{\"id\":122523,\"tags\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Energy \u0026amp; 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Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"$c8\",\"$c9\",\"$ca\",\"$cb\",\"$cc\",\"$cd\",\"$ce\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBoom Supersonic is poised to transform the future of air travel, combining cutting-edge technology, environmental responsibility, and a focus on human connection. With the XB-1 paving the way and the Overture poised to take flight, the dream of supersonic passenger travel is no longer a distant vision—it’s a fast-approaching reality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Blake puts it, “The most important thing here isn’t breaking the sound barrier—it’s breaking the time barrier. When we do that, we unlock a whole new world of possibilities.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Blake Scholl\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/boom-supersonic-symphony-aircraft-engine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSymphony: Boom Supersonic announces it will develop its own aircraft engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-rolls-royce-will-no-longer-work-together\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic and Rolls-Royce will no longer work together on supersonic plane’s engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boom-supersonic-plans-to-launch-the-concordes-spiritual-heir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eBoom Supersonic Is Set to Launch the Concorde’s Spiritual Heir\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122428,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$cf\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. What made it so popular?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. What made it so popular?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":507,\"readTime\":\"1 minute\",\"body\":\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype soared with the release of the Tesla Bot Action Figure. Designed to resemble and move like its full-scale counterpart, the collectible sold out in less than 24 hours, captivating fans and collectors alike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe allure lies in its connection to the groundbreaking Optimus robot and Tesla’s vision of the future. As a tangible piece of cutting-edge robotics, the figure offers a unique way to engage with Tesla’s innovation, fueling excitement among enthusiasts.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:32\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:26:12\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:25 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:26 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"name\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"alt_text\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Pelin Sener\",\"slug\":\"pelin-sener\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/411024a83be8b93d071003ffe36836e8?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"pelin-sener\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/pelin-sener\",\"description\":\"\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype soared with the release of the Tesla Bot Action Figure. Designed to resemble and move like its full-scale counterpart, the collectible sold out in less than 24 hours, captivating fans and collectors alike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe allure lies in its connection to the groundbreaking Optimus robot and Tesla’s vision of the future. As a tangible piece of cutting-edge robotics, the figure offers a unique way to engage with Tesla’s innovation, fueling excitement among enthusiasts.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":5,\"source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"video_source_type\":\"5\",\"video_source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"\",\"feed_video_description\":\"\",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":122376,\"tags\":[\"cave\",\"Gibraltar\",\"glue\",\"Neanderthals\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"cave\",\"slug\":\"cave\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/cave\"},{\"name\":\"Gibraltar\",\"slug\":\"gibraltar\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/gibraltar\"},{\"name\":\"glue\",\"slug\":\"glue\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/glue\"},{\"name\":\"Neanderthals\",\"slug\":\"neanderthals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/neanderthals\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d0\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis discovery highlights the Neanderthals\u0026#8217; cognitive abilities and their sophisticated use of fire for complex tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis discovery highlights the Neanderthals\u0026#8217; cognitive abilities and their sophisticated use of fire for complex tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4425,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d1\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\\\"\u003eNeanderthals' secret weapon revealed in ancient tool study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\\\"\u003eHomo sapiens coexisted with Neanderthals before extinction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\\\"\u003eNeanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:00:47\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:18\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:00 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:25 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\",\"title\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\",\"name\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\",\"alt_text\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\",\"description\":\"A Neanderthal model from the Britain One Million Years of the Human Story exhibition.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/content/dam/nhmwww/press-office/press-image-archive/2015/homo-sapiens-and-neanderthal-models-news.jpg.thumb.1160.1160.jpg\\\"\u003eNatural History Museum\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously thought.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d2\",\"$d3\",\"$d4\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":1,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A Neanderthal model from the Britain One Million Years of the Human Story exhibition.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/content/dam/nhmwww/press-office/press-image-archive/2015/homo-sapiens-and-neanderthal-models-news.jpg.thumb.1160.1160.jpg\\\"\u003eNatural History Museum\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\\\"\u003eNeanderthals' secret weapon revealed in ancient tool study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\\\"\u003eHomo sapiens coexisted with Neanderthals before extinction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\\\"\u003eNeanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern 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threads of a liquid mixture through a needle onto a metal plate. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181933.551.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62332,\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti.gupta@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl\"},{\"id\":122084,\"title\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"slug\":\"non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 14:50:26\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Alsym cells are inherently dendrite-free and immune to conditions that could lead to thermal runaway and its catastrophic consequences.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62198,\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan 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\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50086,\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\"},{\"id\":122034,\"title\":\"Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant\",\"slug\":\"tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21 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