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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tidleg_liv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tidleg_liv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tidleg liv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tidleg_liv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekteskap_og_samarbeid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekteskap_og_samarbeid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ekteskap og samarbeid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekteskap_og_samarbeid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introduksjon_til_Newton_sine_idear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduksjon_til_Newton_sine_idear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Introduksjon til Newton sine idear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduksjon_til_Newton_sine_idear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fødsel_og_død" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fødsel_og_død"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fødsel og død</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fødsel_og_død-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vitskapleg_forsking_og_publikasjonar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vitskapleg_forsking_og_publikasjonar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vitskapleg forsking og publikasjonar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vitskapleg_forsking_og_publikasjonar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderne_vurdering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_vurdering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Moderne vurdering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderne_vurdering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Émilie de Châtelet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 56 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="إيميلي دو شاتليه – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيميلي دو شاتليه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emili_d%C3%BC_%C5%9Eatle" title="Emili dü Şatle – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Emili dü Şatle" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87" title="امیلی دو شاتله – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="امیلی دو شاتله" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87" title="এমিলি দ্যু শাতলে – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এমিলি দ্যু শাতলে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Емили дьо Шатле – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Емили дьо Шатле" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AF_%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%85_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%AD" title="Εμιλί ντυ Σατλέ – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμιλί ντυ Σατλέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87" title="امیلی دو شاتله – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امیلی دو شاتله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%B0%80%EB%A6%AC_%EB%93%9C_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A5%B4%ED%87%B4%EC%9C%A0_%EB%92%A4_%EC%83%A4%ED%8B%80%EB%A0%88_%ED%9B%84%EC%9E%91%EB%B6%80%EC%9D%B8" title="에밀리 드 브르퇴유 뒤 샤틀레 후작부인 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에밀리 드 브르퇴유 뒤 샤틀레 후작부인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94" title="אמילי דה שאטלה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמילי דה שאטלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಎಮಿಲಿ ಡು ಚಾಟೆಲೆಟ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಮಿಲಿ ಡು ಚಾಟೆಲೆಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="ემილია დიუ შატლე – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ემილია დიუ შატლე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%8E_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Эмили дю Шатле – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эмили дю Шатле" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Emilie du Châtelet – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Emilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aemilia_du_Chatellet" title="Aemilia du Chatellet – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aemilia du Chatellet" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="എമിലി ഡു ചാറ്റ് ലറ്റ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എമിലി ഡു ചാറ്റ് ലറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ايميلى دو شاتليه – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايميلى دو شاتليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC" title="エミリー・デュ・シャトレ – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エミリー・デュ・シャトレ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilie_du_Chatelet" title="Emilie du Chatelet – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Emilie du Chatelet" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87" title="امیلي دو شاتله – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="امیلي دو شاتله" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%8E_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Эмили дю Шатле – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эмили дю Шатле" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilie_du_Chatelet" title="Emilie du Chatelet – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emilie du Chatelet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Емили ди Шатле – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Емили ди Шатле" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%8E_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Емілі дю Шатле – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Емілі дю Шатле" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Émilie du Châtelet" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E8%90%8A%E4%BE%AF%E7%88%B5%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="沙特萊侯爵夫人 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沙特萊侯爵夫人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7286#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida (sida finst ikkje) [t]" 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlingar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet"><span>Les</span></a></li><li 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3518128">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output .thumbcaption{text-align:center}</style> <table class="infobox wb-editable" style="width:21em; font-size:85%;" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background:burlywood; color:black; font-size:1.2em; padding:0.2em 0em;"><b>Émilie de Châtelet</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Inconnu,_portrait_de_madame_Du_Ch%C3%A2telet_%C3%A0_sa_table_de_travail,_d%C3%A9tail_(ch%C3%A2teau_de_Breteuil)_-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Inconnu%2C_portrait_de_madame_Du_Ch%C3%A2telet_%C3%A0_sa_table_de_travail%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Breteuil%29_-002.jpg/220px-Inconnu%2C_portrait_de_madame_Du_Ch%C3%A2telet_%C3%A0_sa_table_de_travail%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Breteuil%29_-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Inconnu%2C_portrait_de_madame_Du_Ch%C3%A2telet_%C3%A0_sa_table_de_travail%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Breteuil%29_-002.jpg/330px-Inconnu%2C_portrait_de_madame_Du_Ch%C3%A2telet_%C3%A0_sa_table_de_travail%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Breteuil%29_-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Inconnu%2C_portrait_de_madame_Du_Ch%C3%A2telet_%C3%A0_sa_table_de_travail%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Breteuil%29_-002.jpg/440px-Inconnu%2C_portrait_de_madame_Du_Ch%C3%A2telet_%C3%A0_sa_table_de_travail%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Breteuil%29_-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><br /><small>Portrett ved Maurice Quentin de La Tour.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nasjonalitet</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Fransk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Statsborgarskap</b></td> <td>Frankrike </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Fødd</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/17._desember" title="17. desember">17. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Død</b></td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/10._september" title="10. september">10. september</a> <a href="/wiki/1749" title="1749">1749</a> (42 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Lunéville">Lunéville</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Yrke</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Matematikk" title="Matematikk">Matematikar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk">fysikar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Språk</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">fransk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Påverka av</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Medlem av</b></td> <td>Académie de Stanislas, Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Far</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q613692" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q613692">Louis Nicolas Le Tonnelier de Breteuil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Mor</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q106837360" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q106837360">Gabrielle-Anne de Froulay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ektefelle</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q106837466" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q106837466">Florent-Claude du Chastelet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Born</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q546705" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q546705">Louis Marie Florent du Châtelet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Signature_Only_Emilie_Du_Chatelet_RGNb10349352.01.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Signatur"><img alt="Signatur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Signature_Only_Emilie_Du_Chatelet_RGNb10349352.01.tif/lossy-page1-235px-Signature_Only_Emilie_Du_Chatelet_RGNb10349352.01.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Signature_Only_Emilie_Du_Chatelet_RGNb10349352.01.tif/lossy-page1-353px-Signature_Only_Emilie_Du_Chatelet_RGNb10349352.01.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Signature_Only_Emilie_Du_Chatelet_RGNb10349352.01.tif/lossy-page1-470px-Signature_Only_Emilie_Du_Chatelet_RGNb10349352.01.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="148" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Émilie du Châtelet">Émilie de Châtelet på Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, markise du Châtelet</b>, kjend som <b>Émilie de Châtelet</b> (fødd <a href="/wiki/17._desember" title="17. desember">17. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a> i <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, død <a href="/wiki/10._september" title="10. september">10. september</a> <a href="/wiki/1749" title="1749">1749</a>) var ein fransk matematikar, fysikar og forfattar i <a href="/wiki/Opplysningstida" class="mw-redirect" title="Opplysningstida">opplysningstida</a>. Dei beste verka hennar var omsetjing av det monumentale verket til <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophi%C3%A6_naturalis_principia_mathematica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophiæ naturalis principia mathematica (sida finst ikkje)">Philosophiæ naturalis principia mathematica</a></i>, utgjeve etter ho døydde og som enno er standard omsetjing av boka på <a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">fransk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, ein av elskarane hennar, erklærte i eit brev til venen sin kong <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_II_av_Preussen" title="Fredrik II av Preussen">Fredrik II av Preussen</a> at du Châtelet var «ein stor mann viss einaste feil var å vere kvinne».<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tidleg_liv">Tidleg liv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Tidleg liv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tidleg liv"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Faren hennar var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Nicolas_le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Nicolas le Tonnelier de Breteuil (sida finst ikkje)">Louis Nicolas le Tonnelier de Breteuil</a>, førstesekretær og han som introduserte ambassadørar til kong <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_XIV_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig XIV av Frankrike">Ludvig XIV av Frankrike</a>, ein posisjon som plasserte han i sentrum for all sosial aktivitet ved det franske hoffet og såleis gav familien høg status. Blant kjennskapane deira var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle (sida finst ikkje)">Fontenelle</a>, perpetuell sekretær av Det franske vitskapsakademiet, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Académie des Sciences (sida finst ikkje)">Académie des Sciences</a>. Émilies far Louis-Nicolas anerkjende tidleg den uvanlege intelligensen til dottera og sørgde for at Fontenelle kunne kome og samtale om <a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a> med henne då ho var berre ti år gammal.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Émilies mor, Gabrielle-Anne de Froulay, hadde vakse opp i eit kloster, på denne tida den mest vanlege utdanningsinstitusjon tilgjengeleg for unge jenter og kvinner. Medan ein del kjelder hevdar at mora hennar mislikte intelligensen til dottera, eller at ektefellen hennar oppmuntra dottera si intellektuelle nysgjerrighet, er det òg andre indikasjonar på at mora hennar ikkje berre godkjende du Chatelets tidlege utdanninga, men faktisk oppmuntra henne til energisk å stille spørsmålsteikn ved vedtekne sanningar.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uansett tilfelle vart eit slik arrangement sett på som svært uvanleg for foreldre på denne tida og av denne statusen. Då ho var lita sørgde faren hennar for hennar fysiske fostring i form av <a href="/wiki/Riding" title="Riding">riding</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fekting" title="Fekting">fekting</a>, og etterkvart som ho vart større skaffa han heimelærarar til henne. Som eit resultat snakka ho flytande <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italiensk" title="Italiensk">italiensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk">tysk</a> i ein alder av tolv år; ho publiserte seinare omsetjingar til fransk frå greske og latinske skodespel og filosofi. Ho fekk utdanning i <a href="/wiki/Matematikk" title="Matematikk">matematikk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litteratur" title="Litteratur">litteratur</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vitskap" title="Vitskap">vitskap</a>. Mora hennar Gabrielle-Anne var forferda over framgangen hennar og kjempa mot Louis-Nicolas kvart skritt på vegen. Ein gong freista ho å få sendt Émilie i kloster. </p><p>Émilie likte òg å danse, var spelte truleg <a href="/wiki/Cembalo" title="Cembalo">cembalo</a>, song <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, og dreiv amatørskkodespel. Som tenåring då ho mangla pengar for å kjøpe bøker nytta ho seg av sin matematiske kunnskapar for å drive suksessfull <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambling (sida finst ikkje)">gambling</a>. </p><p>Langt seinare i livet tapte ho ein gong rundt 84 000 francs (tilsvarande rundt ein million amerikanske dollar i 2009), ein del av det var lånt, i løpet av ein kveld ved bordet i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fontainebleau_slott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fontainebleau slott (sida finst ikkje)">Fontainebleau slott</a> til ein kortsvindlar.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For raskt å skaffe seg pengane tilbake for å betale den store gjelda si nytta ho seg av eit oppfinnsamt finansarrangement tilsvarande moderne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derivat (sida finst ikkje)">derivat</a>, der ho betalte skatteoppkrevjarane ein rimeleg låg sum for retten til dei framtidige inntektene deira (dei hadde lov til å halde ein del av den skatten dei samla inn for kongen) og lovde å betale hoffgamblarane delar av desse framtidige inntektene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekteskap_og_samarbeid">Ekteskap og samarbeid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Ekteskap og samarbeid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ekteskap og samarbeid"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Emilie_du_Chatelet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Emilie_du_Chatelet.jpg/220px-Emilie_du_Chatelet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Emilie_du_Chatelet.jpg/330px-Emilie_du_Chatelet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Emilie_du_Chatelet.jpg/440px-Emilie_du_Chatelet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption>Emilie dei Châtelet</figcaption></figure> <p>Den 12. juni 1725 gifta ho seg med marki Florent-Claude du Chastellet-Lomont,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og vart såleis sjølv <i>markise du Chastellet</i> (å stave namnet <i>Châtelet</i> vart introdusert av Voltaire, som augesynleg likte slike ordendringar, og har sidan vorte fast).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Som med mange ekteskap innanfor adelen var ekteskapa deira arrangert og paret hadde lite til felles. Etter å ha fødd tre born meinte Émilie at ho hadde oppfylt dei ekteskapelege pliktene sine, kom til ei semje med ektemannen om at dei levde åtskilte liv men at dei enno heldt ei hushaldning. Markien var militær og guvernør av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semur-en-Auxois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semur-en-Auxois (sida finst ikkje)">Semur-en-Auxois</a> i <a href="/wiki/Burgund" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgund">Burgund</a>. I dei øvste franske klassane var det dessutan til ei viss grad akseptabelt at både ektemannen og hustrua kunne ha elskarar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduksjon_til_Newton_sine_idear">Introduksjon til Newton sine idear</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Introduksjon til Newton sine idear" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Introduksjon til Newton sine idear"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Då Émilie du Châtelet var 24 år gammal hadde ho ein affære med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois_Armand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_duc_dei_Richelieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, duc dei Richelieu (sida finst ikkje)">hertugen av Richelieu</a> som varte eit og halvt år. Hertugen var interessert i litteratur og filosofi, og Châtelet var ein av dei få kvinnene som konverserte med han på hans eige nivå. Ho las kvar bok som følgje av dette, følgde teateret jamleg, og naut intellektuell debatt. Châtelet uttrykte interesse for verka til Isaac Newton, og Richelieu oppmuntra henne til å ta undervising i høgare matematikk for betre å forstå teoriane hans. <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Maupertuis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Louis Maupertuis">Pierre Louis Maupertuis</a>, eit medlem av det franske vitskapsakademiet vart læraren hennar i <a href="/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri">geometri</a>. Han var matematikar, astronom og fysikar, og støtta teoriane til Newton som var heftig omdiskutert på akademiet. </p><p>Émilie og <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, den fjerde elskaren ho hadde etter ekteskapet, møttest etter at han kom tilbake frå eksilet sitt i <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. Châtelet inviterte han til å leve i hennar landelege hus ved Cirey-sur-Blaise i Haute-Marne, i det nordaustlege Frankrike, og han vart hennar livslange partnar (under auga til hennar tolerante ektemann). Der studerte ho fysisk og matematikk, og utgav vitskaplege artiklar og omsetjingar. Ved å bedømme breva Voltaire sendte til vener og kommentarane deira til kvarandre sitt arbeid, synast det som om dei levde saman under gjensidig oppmuntring og respekt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fødsel_og_død"><span id="F.C3.B8dsel_og_d.C3.B8d"></span>Fødsel og død</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Fødsel og død" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fødsel og død"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den siste kjærleiksaffæren til Châtelet viste å bli fatal. Tidleg i 40-åra hadde ho ein affære med poeten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Saint-Lambert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean François de Saint-Lambert (sida finst ikkje)">Jean François de Saint-Lambert</a> og vart gravid. I eit brev til ein ven skreiv ho at ho frykta ho kanskje ikkje ville overleve graviditeten på grunn av alderen sin. Ho fødde barnet, men døydde seks dagar seinare frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emboli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emboli (sida finst ikkje)">emboli</a> (blodpropp) i ein alder av 42 år gammal.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Som Voltaire skildra det: «Denne vesle jenta kom til medan mora hennar var ved skrivebordet sitt, skribla ned nokre newtonske teoriar, og det nyfødde barnet vart mellombels plassert på eit bind om geometri medan mora hennar samla saman papira sine og vart lagt til sengs.» I fleire dagar var Émilie lukkeleg og nøgd, men den 10. september døydde ho brått, og det nyfødde barnet døydde kort tid etter. Voltaire som var saman med henne til det siste var oppløyst i tårer. Han snubla ut av rommet og fall saman utanfor døra.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vitskapleg_forsking_og_publikasjonar">Vitskapleg forsking og publikasjonar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Vitskapleg forsking og publikasjonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vitskapleg forsking og publikasjonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Voltaire_Philosophy_of_Newton_frontispiece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Voltaire_Philosophy_of_Newton_frontispiece.jpg/220px-Voltaire_Philosophy_of_Newton_frontispiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Voltaire_Philosophy_of_Newton_frontispiece.jpg/330px-Voltaire_Philosophy_of_Newton_frontispiece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Voltaire_Philosophy_of_Newton_frontispiece.jpg/440px-Voltaire_Philosophy_of_Newton_frontispiece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1670" data-file-height="2608" /></a><figcaption>På tittelbiletet på omsetjinga deira av Newton er du Châtelet avbilda som musen og inspirasjonen til Voltaire, og som reflekterte Newton si guddommeleg innsikt ned til Voltaire.</figcaption></figure> <p>I 1737 publiserte Châtelet ein artikkel kalla <i>Dissertation sur la nature et la propagation du feu</i>, basert på forskinga hennar i vitskapen om <a href="/wiki/Eld" title="Eld">eld</a> som føresåg det som i dag er kjent som <a href="/wiki/Infraraud_str%C3%A5ling" title="Infraraud stråling">infraraud stråling</a> og vesenet til <a href="/wiki/Ljos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljos">ljoset</a>. Boka hennar <i>Institutions de Physique</i> (<i>Lærdom i fysikk</i>) kom i 1740 og vart presentert som ein gjennomgang av nye tankar i vitskapen og filosofien som kunne studerast av den 13 år gamle sonen hennar, men ho var eit forsøk på semje komplekse idear frå dei leiande tenkjarane i samtida. I boka kombinerte ho teoriane til <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a> og dei praktiske observasjonane til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem%27s_Gravesande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem's Gravesande (sida finst ikkje)">Willem's Gravesande</a> for å vise at <a href="/wiki/Kinetisk_energi" title="Kinetisk energi">energien til ein lekam som rører seg</a> ikkje er proporsjonal til farten til lekamen, slik Newton, Voltaire og andre hadde trudd, men til kvadratet av farten. (I klassisk fysikk er den korrekte formelen E<sub>k</sub> = 1⁄2 mv², hvor E<sub>k</sub> er den kinetiske energien til ein lekam, <i>m</i> er masse og <i>v</i> er farten.) </p><p>Det året ho døydde fullførte ho det arbeidde som er sett på som den største prestasjone hennar: omsetjinga hennar til fransk, med kommentarane hennar<sup id="cite_ref-clrt_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clrt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> av Newton sin <i>Principia Mathematica</i>, inkludert utleiinga hennar frå mekanismane sine prinsipp til førehandstrua om <a href="/wiki/Energiprinsippet" title="Energiprinsippet">konservering av energi</a>. I dag er omsetjinga til du Châtelet av <i>Principia Mathematica</i> framleis standardomsetjinga av verket til fransk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moderne_vurdering">Moderne vurdering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Moderne vurdering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Moderne vurdering"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sjølv om den klassiske mekanikken til du Châtelet ikkje blir studert med den same metodologien som <a href="/wiki/Einstein" class="mw-disambig" title="Einstein">Einstein</a> sitt konsept om masse og fart,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fortset biografar og historikarar å sjå ein elegant samklang mellom den berømte likninga hans for <a href="/wiki/Masseenergiloven" class="mw-redirect" title="Masseenergiloven">samanhengen mellom energi og stoff</a> E = mc² (der c representerer farten til ljoset) og prinsippet <i>E ∝ mv²</i> som først vart gjenkjent av du Châtelet over 150 år tidlegare.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det bør likevel framhevast at frå ein fysisk synsvinkel er prinsippet til du Châtelet ein korrekt tanke om <a href="/wiki/Kinetisk_energi" title="Kinetisk energi">kinetisk energi</a> i klassisk mekanikk, og er det første leddet i ei utvikling av Einstein sin ekvivalens for masse–energi. </p><p>Eit krater på planeten <a href="/wiki/Venus" class="mw-disambig" title="Venus">Venus</a> har fått namn etter henne, og ho er emne for skodespelet <i>Legacy of Light</i> av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_Zacar%C3%ADas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen Zacarías (sida finst ikkje)">Karen Zacarías</a>. Operaen <i>Émilie</i> av <a href="/wiki/Kaija_Saariaho" title="Kaija Saariaho">Kaija Saariaho</a> handlar om dei siste augneblunkane i livet til Emilie de Châtelet.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet" class="extiw" title="nb:Emilie de Châtelet">Emilie de Châtelet</a>» frå <a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovedside" class="extiw" title="nb:Hovedside">Wikipedia på bokmål</a>, den 9. november 2011.</i> <ul><li><i><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovedside" class="extiw" title="nb:Hovedside">Wikipedia på bokmål</a> oppgav desse kjeldene: </i></li></ul></li> <li>Bodanis, David (2006): <i>Passionate Minds: The Great Love Affair of the Enlightenment</i>. New York: Crown. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0307237206" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-307-23720-6</a>.</li> <li>Ehman, Esther (1986): <i>Madame du Chatelet</i>. Leamington Spa: Berg. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0907582850" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0907582850</a>.</li> <li>Hamel, Frank (1910): <i>An Eighteenth Century Marquise: A Study of Émilie Du Châtelet and Her Times</i>. London: Stanley Paul and Company. OCLC 37220247.</li> <li>Mitford, Nancy (1999): <i>Voltaire in Love</i>. New York: Carroll and Graff. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0786706414" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0786706414</a>.</li> <li>O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F.: «Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil Marquise du Châtelet», <i>MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</i>, University of St Andrews.</li> <li>Zinsser, Judith (2006): <i>Dame d'Esprit: A Biography of the Marquise du Chatelet</i>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0670038008" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0670038008</a> online review.</li> <li>Zinsser, Judith & Hayes, Julie, (red.) (2006): <i>Emelie du Chatelet: Rewriting Enlightenment Philosophy and Science</i>. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0729408728" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0729408728</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamel, Frank (1910): <i>An Eighteenth Century Marquise: A Study of Émilie Du Châtelet and Her Timest</i>. London: Stanley Paul and Company. OCLC 37220247. Side 370. sjå òg Bodanis, David (2006): <i>Passionate Minds: The Great Lóve Affair of the Enlightenment</i>. New York; Det er mogleg at Voltaire henviste til at viss ho hadde vore ein mann ville den fatale graviditeten hennar ikkje ha fråteke verda ein stor intellektuell kapasitet.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bodanis, David (2006): <i>Passionate Minds: The Great Lóve Affair of the Enlightenment</i>. New York</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zinsser (2006: 26–29)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamel (1910: 286)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamel (1910: 5)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew, Edward (2006): «Voltaire and hi sine female protectors». <i>Patrons of enlightenment</i>. University of Toronto Press. s. 101. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9780802090645" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780802090645</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zinsser (2006: 278)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mandic, Sasha: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agnesscott.edu/Lriddle/WOMEN/chatelet.htm"><i>Emilie du Châtelet</i></a>, Agnes Scott College</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clrt-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-clrt_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kommentarene som vart gjeven ut saman med markise du Châtelet si omsetjing av av Newton sin 'Principia', skjønt tilskriven i artikkelteksten her til du Châtelet, vart utvetydig tilskriven til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_Clairaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Clairaut (sida finst ikkje)">Alexis-Claude Clairaut</a> av <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Joseph_Delambre" title="Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre">J.-B. Delambre</a>, astronomihistorikar, som skreiv:<br /> «Chastelet (marquise du). Hennar omsetjing av boka til Newton om Prinsipp, gjeven ut ti år etter hennar død, vart revidert av Clairaut som la til ein kommentar.» sjå<br /> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Joseph_Delambre" title="Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre">J.-B. Delambre</a> (1827): <i>Histoire de l'astronomie au dix-huitième siècle</i>: Paris (Bachelier) 1827 (posthum utgjeving redigert av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude-Louis_Mathieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude-Louis Mathieu (sida finst ikkje)">Claude-Louis Mathieu</a>).<br /> På side xx: «Chastelet (marquise du). Sa traduction du Livre des Principes de Newton, publiée dix ans après sa mort, a été revue par Clairaut qui y joignit un Commentaire.»<br /> På side 3: «En 1759 on vit paraître la traduction française de la marquise Du Châtelet, avec un Commentaire de Clairaut.»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">McLellan, James E; Dorn, Harold (2006): <i>Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction</i>. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. s. 368. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0801883598" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0801883598</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zinsser (2006: 177)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/ance-sq.html"><i>Ancestors of E=mc²</i></a> Essay på Internett frå Public Broadcast Service, Arlington, VA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opera-lyon.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/opera_0910/Emilie/Texte_Emilie.pdf">Librettoen til <i>Émilie</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130226035831/http://www.opera-lyon.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/opera_0910/Emilie/Texte_Emilie.pdf">Arkivert</a> 2013-02-26 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (PDF)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89milie_de_Ch%C3%A2telet&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Wikimedia Commons har multimedia som gjeld: <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" class="extiw" title="commons:Émilie du Châtelet">Émilie de Châtelet</a></b> </div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politics.guardian.co.uk/women/story/0,,1774981,00.html">«The scientist that history forgot»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070813145153/http://www.politics.guardian.co.uk/women/story/0,,1774981,00.html">Arkivert</a> 2007-08-13 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., David Bodanis, <i>The Guardian</i> 15. mai 2006.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitvoltaire.com/love_story_voltaire.htm"><i>Voltaire and Emilie</i></a> fra nettsteet til Château de Cirey.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friedrich.uni-trier.de/oeuvres/17/toc/text/">Brevveksling mellom Fredrik den store og markise du Châtelet</a> (Digital utgivelse ved Trier University Library (fransk og tysk tekst)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3515230">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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