CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="yue" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>物種 - 維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zh_yuewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "yue","wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"d821a66c-92b8-4ca3-8555-aaee35bd9c7e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"物種","wgTitle":"物種","wgCurRevisionId":2072102,"wgRevisionId":2072102,"wgArticleId":15060,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["用緊ISBN魔術鏈嘅版","有英文嘅文章","物種","生物分類","生物分類學"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"yue","wgPageContentLanguage":"yue","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"物種","wgRelevantArticleId":15060,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"yue","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"yue"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7432","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user": "ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.math.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.HanTS-conv","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=yue&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=yue&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=yue&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=yue&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="物種 - 維基百科，自由嘅百科全書"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh-yue.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="編輯" href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="維基百科 (yue)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh-yue"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="維基百科嘅Atom Feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-物種 rootpage-物種 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳去內容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站點"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主目錄" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主目錄</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主目錄</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 導覽 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88" title="睇頭版[z]" accesskey="z"><span>頭版</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84"><span>目錄</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%A3%E5%98%A2"><span>正嘢</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%99%82%E4%BA%BA%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B" title="提供而家發生嘅事嘅背景資料"><span>時人時事</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%98%AF%E4%BD%86%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88" title="是但載入一版[x]" accesskey="x"><span>是但一版</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC"><span>關於維基百科</span></a></li><li id="n-聯絡處" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E6%88%91%E5%93%8B"><span>聯絡處</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 交流 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-說明書" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents"><span>說明書</span></a></li><li id="n-城市論壇" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87"><span>城市論壇</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%82" title="關於呢個計劃，你可以做乜，應該要點做"><span>社區大堂</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9" title="列出呢個 wiki 中嘅最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近修改</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="維基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh_yue.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh_yue.svg" width="120" height="16" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搵維基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>查嘢</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搵維基百科" aria-label="搵維基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搵維基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搵嘢</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="個人架生"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="閱讀設定" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">閱讀設定</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_zh-yue.wikipedia.org&uselang=yue" class=""><span>捐畀維基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E9%96%8B%E6%88%B6&returnto=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="建議你開返個戶口簽到，不過唔做都無所謂。" class=""><span>開戶口</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%B0%BD%E5%88%B0&returnto=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="唔係是必要簽到，但建議你噉做。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>簽到</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="多啲選項" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="個人架生" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">個人架生</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用戶選單" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_zh-yue.wikipedia.org&uselang=yue"><span>捐畀維基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E9%96%8B%E6%88%B6&returnto=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="建議你開返個戶口簽到，不過唔做都無所謂。"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>開戶口</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%B0%BD%E5%88%B0&returnto=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="唔係是必要簽到，但建議你噉做。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>簽到</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站點"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目錄" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目錄</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物種形成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物種形成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>物種形成</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-物種形成-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去物種形成細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-物種形成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-形成機制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形成機制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>形成機制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形成機制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-概念衝擊" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概念衝擊"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>概念衝擊</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概念衝擊-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生態概念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生態概念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>生態概念</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生態概念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引咗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引咗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>引咗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引咗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拎" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拎"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>拎</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拎-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">物種</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有146種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesie" title="Spesie – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spesie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie) – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Art (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie" title="Especie – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Especie" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="نوع (تصنيف) – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوع (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="نوع (بيولوجيا) – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نوع (بيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9" title="نوع – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="প্ৰজাতি (জীৱবিদ্যা) – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰজাতি (জীৱবিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie" title="Especie – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Especie" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloji_n%C3%B6v" title="Bioloji növ – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bioloji növ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A4%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C)" title="نؤوع (بیولوژی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نؤوع (بیولوژی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Төр (биология) – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төр (биология)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9si%C3%A9s" title="Spésiés – 峇里文" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Spésiés" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="峇里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oart_(Biologie)" title="Oart (Biologie) – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oart (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%AB%C5%A1%C4%97s" title="Rūšės – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rūšės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espesye" title="Espesye – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Espesye" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Біялагічны від – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біялагічны від" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Від (біялёгія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Від (біялёгія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Вид (биология) – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вид (биология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="प्रजाति – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्रजाति" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="প্রজাতি – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রজাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesad" title="Spesad – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Spesad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrsta_(biologija)" title="Vrsta (biologija) – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vrsta (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Spesies" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cie" title="Espècie – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espècie" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Биологин тайпа – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Биологин тайпа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8E%BE%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B4%E1%8E%BF_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%81%E1%8E%AF" title="ᏧᎾᏓᎴᎿ ᎠᏁᎯ – 柴羅基文" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᎾᏓᎴᎿ ᎠᏁᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="柴羅基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D8%B1_(%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="جۆر (ژینناسی) – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆر (ژینناسی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh" title="Druh – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%81_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Тĕс (биологи) – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕс (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhywogaeth" title="Rhywogaeth – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhywogaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie) – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Art (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEyna_(biologija)" title="Družyna (biologija) – 下索布文" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Družyna (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Είδος (βιολογία) – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Είδος (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Species" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specio" title="Specio – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Specio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie" title="Especie – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Especie" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liik_(bioloogia)" title="Liik (bioloogia) – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liik (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espezie" title="Espezie – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espezie" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especii" title="Especii – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Especii" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="گونه (زیست‌شناسی) – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گونه (زیست‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laji" title="Laji – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laji" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce" title="Espèce – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espèce" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slach" title="Slach – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Slach" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soarte" title="Soarte – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Soarte" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speiceas" title="Speiceas – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Speiceas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8sp%C3%A8s" title="Lèspès – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lèspès" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie" title="Especie – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Especie" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juehegua" title="Juehegua – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Juehegua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="מין (טקסונומיה) – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מין (טקסונומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जाति (जीवविज्ञान) – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जाति (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Species" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrsta" title="Vrsta – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vrsta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEina_(biologija)" title="Družina (biologija) – 上索布文" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Družina (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8s" title="Espès – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Espès" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faj" title="Faj – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Faj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Կենսաբանական տեսակ – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենսաբանական տեսակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie" title="Specie – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Specie" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spesies" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebbangan" title="Sebbangan – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sebbangan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BF" title="Биологе кеп – 印古什文" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Биологе кеп" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegund_(l%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Tegund (líffræði) – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tegund (líffræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie" title="Specie – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Specie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="種 (分類学) – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="種 (分類学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiishi" title="Spiishi – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Spiishi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sep%C3%A9siyes" title="Sepésiyes – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sepésiyes" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სახეობა – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სახეობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmest" title="Talmest – 卡比爾文" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Talmest" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡比爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Түр (биология) – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түр (биология)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF_(%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0)" title="ಜಾತಿ (ಜೀವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ) – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಾತಿ (ಜೀವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="종 (생물학) – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Биология тюрлю – 卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Биология тюрлю" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%B2%DA%98" title="زٲژ – 喀什米爾文" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زٲژ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="喀什米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cure" title="Cure – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cure" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eghen" title="Eghen – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eghen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80" title="Түр – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_(taxinomia)" title="Species (taxinomia) – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Species (taxinomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aart" title="Aart – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Aart" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9ce" title="Spéce – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Spéce" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5" title="ສະປີຊີ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະປີຊີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%AB%C5%A1is" title="Rūšis – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rūšis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suga" title="Suga – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Suga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Вид (биологија) – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вид (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്പീഷീസ് – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്പീഷീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Зүйл – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зүйл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Spesies" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spe%C4%8Bi" title="Speċi – 馬爾他文" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Speċi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="馬爾他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="မျိုးစိတ် – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျိုးစိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="تی (زیست) – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تی (زیست)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specia" title="Specia – 拿波里文" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Specia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="拿波里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_(Biologie)" title="Oort (Biologie) – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oort (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="प्रजाति – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रजाति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="प्रजाति – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्रजाति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soort" title="Soort – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Soort" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia) – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Espècia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Хуыз (биологи) – 奧塞提文" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хуыз (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奧塞提文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species – 潘帕嘉文" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Species" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="潘帕嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espesie" title="Espesie – 帕皮阿門托文" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Espesie" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿門托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatunek_(biologia)" title="Gatunek (biologia) – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gatunek (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spece" title="Spece – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Spece" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="سپیشیز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپیشیز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%90_(%D8%AF_%DA%98%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%89%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87)" title="نوعې (د ژویو ډولونه) – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نوعې (د ژویو ډولونه)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9cie" title="Espécie – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espécie" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikch%27aq" title="Rikch'aq – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikch'aq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie_(biologie)" title="Specie (biologie) – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Specie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie" title="Specie – 羅馬尼亞語系" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Specie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞語系" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Биологический вид – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биологический вид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Вид (біолоґія) – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вид (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%A5_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Көрүҥ (биология) – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көрүҥ (биология)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speci_(biolugg%C3%ACa)" title="Speci (bioluggìa) – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Speci (bioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Species" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="نوع (حياتيات) – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نوع (حياتيات)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0l%C3%A1dja" title="Šládja – 北方薩米文" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Šládja" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrsta" title="Vrsta – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vrsta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Species" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh_(taxon%C3%B3mia)" title="Druh (taxonómia) – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Druh (taxonómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrsta_(biologija)" title="Vrsta (biologija) – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vrsta (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloji_(biologji)" title="Lloji (biologji) – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lloji (biologji)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Врста (биологија) – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Врста (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9si%C3%A9s" title="Spésiés – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Spésiés" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spishi" title="Spishi – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Spishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="இனம் (உயிரியல்) – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இனம் (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="జాతి – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జాతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="สปีชีส์ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สปีชีส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologik_g%C3%B6rn%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Biologik görnüş – 土庫曼文" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Biologik görnüş" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土庫曼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espesye" title="Espesye – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Espesye" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCr" title="Tür – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Төр (биология) – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төр (биология)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Вид – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вид" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9" title="نوع – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوع" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur_(biologiya)" title="Tur (biologiya) – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tur (biologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spece" title="Spece – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Spece" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologine_erik" title="Biologine erik – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Biologine erik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%A0i" title="Loài – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Loài" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4orte" title="Sôorte – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Sôorte" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indje_(biyolodjeye)" title="Indje (biyolodjeye) – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Indje (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espesyis" title="Espesyis – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Espesyis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物种 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物种" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="გვარობა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გვარობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C" title="זגאל – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זגאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物种 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物种" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9ng_(hun-l%C5%ABi-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Chéng (hun-lūi-ha̍k) – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chéng (hun-lūi-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7432#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&oldid=2072102" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&id=2072102&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%2589%25A9%25E7%25A8%25AE"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%2589%25A9%25E7%25A8%25AE"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Species" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7432" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><table class="toccolours" style="margin:0 0 5px 5px; float:right; clear:right; width:170px;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:white;"><div style="position:relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg/190px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="477" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg/285px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg/380px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="565" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:98.5px; top:21.07px"><span style="background-color:#777fff;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物 Life</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:98.5px; top:71.8px"><span style="background-color:#77c3ff;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="域 (生物分類)">域 Domain</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:98.5px; top:125.95px"><span style="background-color:#77fff9;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="界 (生物分類)">界 Kingdom</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:98.5px; top:177.63px"><span style="background-color:#77ffb6;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E)" title="門 (生物分類)">門 Phylum</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:98.5px; top:229.5px"><span style="background-color:#7bff77;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B1_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="綱 (生物分類)">綱 Class</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:98.5px; top:281.75px"><span style="background-color:#beff77;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E)" title="目 (生物分類)">目 Order</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:98.5px; top:334px"><span style="background-color:#fffd77;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="科 (生物分類)">科 Family</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:98.5px; top:386.25px"><span style="background-color:#ffba77;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AC_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="屬 (生物分類)">屬 Genus</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:98.5px; top:438.5px"><span style="background-color:#ebae85;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">種 Species</a></span></div> </div> </th></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="note" class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A" title="Wikipedia:搞清楚"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span>  <b>提示：</b>呢篇文講嘅唔係<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE" title="品種">品種</a></b>。</div> <p><b>物種</b>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵拼</a>：<span class="plainlinks" style="display:inline-block"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yue.forvo.com/word/yue/物種/#yue"><span>mat<span class="Jpingtone">6</span> zung<span class="Jpingtone">2</span></span></a></span>；<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<span lang="en"><b>species</b></span>），或者<b>種</b>，日常語境入面又有叫做<b>品種</b>，係<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="生物分類法">生物分類法</a>最基本嘅一級，喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AC" title="屬">屬</a>嘅下面。種係較為籠統嘅概念。一般嚟講，同一個物種嘅個體嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>之間喺外表、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="解剖學">解剖結構</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="生理">生理</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3" title="遺傳">遺傳</a>上相似，但同其他第啲物種嘅個體唔同。有啲種嘅下面可能重會有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE" title="亞種">亞種</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 定義"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liger_couple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Liger_couple.jpg/300px-Liger_couple.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Liger_couple.jpg/450px-Liger_couple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Liger_couple.jpg/600px-Liger_couple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>兩隻獅虎；研究表明，獅虎喺絕大多數情況下都冇生殖能力。</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="物種概念">物種概念</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="生物物種概念">生物物種概念</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="數學">數學</a>化啲噉睇嘅話，每個物種係一個<b>聚類</b>（cluster；可以睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%A1%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="聚類分析">聚類分析</a>）。是但搵兩隻<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>，佢哋嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3" title="遺傳">遺傳</a>組成分別係 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b9b58f22283ca46dd5da309cc34303b06a797783" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.313ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{1}}"></span> 同 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43f1b08d7d69712872e051c2b33fdfa9f5d42319" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.313ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{2}}"></span>（可以用兩個<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F" title="向量">向量</a>表示），再想像以下情況： </p> <ul><li>如果 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |p_{1}-p_{2}|<b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo><</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |p_{1}-p_{2}|<b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5fa0a9a1400157fbe6d9eb3fb62a58d3d7677f7b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.677ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |p_{1}-p_{2}|<b}"></span>，當中 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}"></span> 係某啲特定數值（即係兩隻之間嘅遺傳差異有返咁上下細），兩者就會有能力配種（假設兩者係一公一乸，或者呢種生物係<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%B9%B8%E5%90%8C%E9%AB%94" title="公乸同體">公乸同體</a>）生出有生殖能力嘅後代；</li> <li>如果 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |p_{1}-p_{2}|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |p_{1}-p_{2}|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/895db5fcda69719b9af3a0095d20922e1b72fd0a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.581ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |p_{1}-p_{2}|}"></span> 嘅值有返咁上下大，兩者可能會生得到後代，但生到嘅後代會缺乏生殖能力，例子可以睇<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%85%E8%99%8E" title="獅虎">獅虎</a>（Liger；<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90" title="獅子">獅子</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E8%99%8E" title="老虎">老虎</a>嘅混種，獅虎好多時冇生殖能力<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）；</li> <li>而如果 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |p_{1}-p_{2}|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |p_{1}-p_{2}|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/895db5fcda69719b9af3a0095d20922e1b72fd0a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.581ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |p_{1}-p_{2}|}"></span> 數值好大，兩隻生物配種唔會生到任何後代<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <p>一個物種就係一個聚群－同一個物種嘅個體彼此之間差異細到能夠配種，但是但搵其中一隻，嗰隻同聚群外嘅個體之間嘅差異大到唔能夠配種，呢個諗法就係所謂嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="生物物種概念">生物物種概念</a>（The Biological Species Concept；BSC）。靠住呢個基本諗法，再加埋物種之間嘅遺傳差異同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="化石">化石</a>等嘅資訊，生物分類學家能夠將生物分類。舉個例說明，<a href="/wiki/%E9%AF%A8%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="鯨目">鯨目</a>（<i>Cetacea</i>）有以下呢啲科同屬： </p> <dl><dd>目：鯨目 <dl><dd>亞目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%AF%A8%E4%BA%9E%E7%9B%AE" title="齒鯨亞目">齒鯨亞目</a> <dl><dd>超科：海豚超科 <dl><dd>科：海洋海豚科 <dl><dd>屬：駝背海豚屬 <dl><dd>種：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%9A" title="中華白海豚">中華白海豚</a></dd> <dd>種：印度駝背豚</dd> <dd>種：大西洋印度駝背豚</dd></dl></dd> <dd>屬：樽鼻海豚屬 <dl><dd>種：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%BD%E9%BC%BB%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%9A" title="樽鼻海豚">樽鼻海豚</a></dd> <dd>種：太平洋樽鼻海豚</dd></dl></dd> <dd>屬：殺人鯨屬 <dl><dd>種：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%BA%E4%BA%BA%E9%AF%A8" title="殺人鯨">殺人鯨</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <p>呢個分類源自對各種鯨目動物嘅遺傳因子嘅分析以及化石證據。個分類表示，樽鼻海豚同太平洋樽鼻海豚有個共同祖先（一個好耐之前存在過嘅原始樽鼻海豚屬物種），樽鼻海豚亦都同殺人鯨有一個共同祖先（海洋海豚科原始物種），而後者久遠過前者。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="物種形成"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.A8.AE.E5.BD.A2.E6.88.90"></span>物種形成</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 物種形成"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物種形成">物種形成</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物種形成">物種形成</a>（speciation）係指「本來同屬一個物種嘅族群分開，並且各自獨立發展做兩個或者以上唔同物種」嘅過程<sup id="cite_ref-gav_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gav-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="形成機制"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E6.88.90.E6.A9.9F.E5.88.B6"></span>形成機制</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 形成機制"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>物種形成主要有兩大機制：<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%9F%9F%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="異域性物種形成">異域性</a>（allopatric）同埋<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%9F%9F%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="同域性物種形成">同域性</a>（sympatric）。異域性指多過一個族群嘅生物受地理上嘅隔離而由同一個物種變成多個唔同物種嘅過程<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，例如係因為遷徙等嘅原因同一個物種分開做幾組，搬去唔同嘅地方度住，再分別噉適應各自嘅環境而<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="進化">進化</a>，如果佢哋要適應嘅環境唔同或者有明顯嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%BC%82%E8%AE%8A" title="基因漂變">基因漂變</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%A8%E7%95%B0%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="趨異進化">進化到咁上下</a>呢幾組之間嘅差異會大到冇能力同對方配種－變咗做唔同嘅物種。呢種分化喺人身上都睇得到：各個人種嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%9A%E8%89%B2" title="膚色">膚色</a>等特徵因為住嘅環境唔同而進化到唔一樣，只不過係人仲未分化到冇能力彼此之間配種，所以仲算係同一個物種<sup id="cite_ref-gav_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gav-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。如果將異域性物種形成嘅過程畫做抽象化嘅圖解（色水表示基因庫嘅特徵）： </p> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 626px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 624px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allopatric_Speciation_(Process_diagram).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Original population－原初族群 Geographical barrier－地理分隔 Reproductive isolation－繁殖上嘅分離"><img alt="Original population－原初族群 Geographical barrier－地理分隔 Reproductive isolation－繁殖上嘅分離" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Allopatric_Speciation_%28Process_diagram%29.png/936px-Allopatric_Speciation_%28Process_diagram%29.png" decoding="async" width="624" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Allopatric_Speciation_%28Process_diagram%29.png/1405px-Allopatric_Speciation_%28Process_diagram%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Allopatric_Speciation_%28Process_diagram%29.png/1871px-Allopatric_Speciation_%28Process_diagram%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="758" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Original population－原初族群<br />Geographical barrier－地理分隔<br />Reproductive isolation－繁殖上嘅分離</div> </li> </ul> <p>另一方面，同域性物種形成係指有個新物種去到某一個環境，同一個固有物種喺同一個地區度住，但因為繁殖或者溝通等嘅行為差異而同唔到對方配種，最後兩者分化到變做兩個唔同嘅物種，例如係<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC" title="印尼">印尼</a>就有一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%99%E8%9D%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="蝙蝠">蝙蝠</a>因為佢哋之間把聲有差異，而且佢哋係靠認對方把聲嚟搵伴侶嘅，搞到佢哋產生咗幾個把聲唔同嘅族群。呢幾個族群仲要拒絕同其他族群交配，最後產生咗三個從來都未雜交嘅族群<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。如果畫做抽象化圖解嘅話： </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 491.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 489.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sympatric_Speciation_Schematic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Original population－原初族群 Isolation－（因為地理以外嘅因素造成嘅）分離"><img alt="Original population－原初族群 Isolation－（因為地理以外嘅因素造成嘅）分離" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sympatric_Speciation_Schematic.svg/734px-Sympatric_Speciation_Schematic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="490" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sympatric_Speciation_Schematic.svg/1102px-Sympatric_Speciation_Schematic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sympatric_Speciation_Schematic.svg/1467px-Sympatric_Speciation_Schematic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="656" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Original population－原初族群<br />Isolation－（因為地理以外嘅因素造成嘅）分離</div> </li> </ul> <p>同域性物種形成可以再細分做兩種：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%9F%9F%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="近域性物種形成">近域性</a>（peripatric）同埋<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B0%E5%9F%9F%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="鄰域性物種形成">鄰域性</a>（parapatric）<sup id="cite_ref-gav_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gav-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。近域性物種形成指一個族群地理上同原本嘅族群隔離咗，打後因為呢個新族群擴大而同本嚟嗰個族群有接觸，但喺呢個時候兩個族群嘅差異經已大到配唔到種－變咗做兩個唔同嘅物種<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；鄰域性物種形成指嘅係一個族群分咗個細族群出嚟，而呢個細族群搬咗去就喺旁邊嘅地區度住，雖然兩個族群喺地理上相連，但係某啲交流上嘅困難搞到佢哋最後分化咗做唔同嘅物種<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 349.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 347.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PT05_ubt.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="兩隻嚟自唔同地域嘅黑脊鷗"><img alt="兩隻嚟自唔同地域嘅黑脊鷗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/PT05_ubt.jpeg/521px-PT05_ubt.jpeg" decoding="async" width="348" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/PT05_ubt.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">兩隻嚟自唔同地域嘅黑脊鷗</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 241.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 239.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ring_species_seagull.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="黑脊鷗嘅居住地分佈；相鄰地區嘅黑脊鷗族群先至有能力同對方配種。"><img alt="黑脊鷗嘅居住地分佈；相鄰地區嘅黑脊鷗族群先至有能力同對方配種。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ring_species_seagull.svg/359px-Ring_species_seagull.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ring_species_seagull.svg/540px-Ring_species_seagull.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ring_species_seagull.svg/719px-Ring_species_seagull.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">黑脊鷗嘅居住地分佈；相鄰地區嘅黑脊鷗族群先至有能力同對方配種。</div> </li> </ul> <p>最出名嘅鄰域性物種形成例子係<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E7%8B%80%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="環狀物種">環狀物種</a>（ring species）<sup id="cite_ref-gav_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gav-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。環狀物種係生物學上一個廣受討論嘅進化現象：一柞族群分別噉住喺一柞相鄰嘅區域嗰度，因為上述嘅進化過程令到佢哋當中地理上離對方愈遠嘅族群（遺傳上）愈係同對方唔同，而相鄰嘅族群之間嘅相似性高到足以同對方配種，但唔相鄰嘅族群就做唔到呢樣嘢。住喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%88" title="北極圈">北極圈</a>嗰頭嘅各<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%84%8A%E9%B7%97" title="黑脊鷗">黑脊鷗</a>（學名：<i>Larus argentatus</i>）族群就係噉樣<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概念衝擊"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5.E8.A1.9D.E6.93.8A"></span>概念衝擊</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 概念衝擊"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cluster-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cluster-2.svg/300px-Cluster-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cluster-2.svg/450px-Cluster-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cluster-2.svg/600px-Cluster-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>呢柞物件可以按位置<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%A7%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="座標">座標</a>分做三類，但三個類之間冇本質上嘅差異。</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%B3%AA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="本質主義">本質主義</a></div> <p>環狀物種等嘅現象反映出「物種」之間嘅分界查實係有些少含糊嘅。喺進化嘅過程入面，一個族群係慢慢噉變樣嘅，由一個物種進化到變成第個物種（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="宏進化">宏進化</a>）嘅過程唔係一吓就變出嚟，而係慢慢逐啲逐啲噉變嘅，所以同一個族群入面兩代之間實有配種嘅能力，世代同世代之間嘅差異唔係「一係就似一係就唔似」，而係「有幾似」：一般嚟講，假設冇乜嘢好勁嘅突變，第 1 代同第 10 代之間嘅差異會大過第 1 代同第 2 代之間嘅；而第 1 代同第 100 代之間嘅差異又會大過第 1 代同第 10 代之間嘅。如此類推，個族群慢慢噉變吓變吓，（譬如）可能去到第 500 代，佢哋先會同第 1 代差異大到冇能力配種，之但係喺呢個情況嗰度，第 250 代同第 1 代有能力配種，而第 250 代又有能力同第 500 代配種。因為噉，對於進化嘅研究令到科學界理解到一點：唔同嘅生物「物種」之間查實冇話有乜嘢完全明確嘅分界線（可以睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%A1%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="聚類分析">聚類分析</a>），而物種呢個概念到咗廿一世紀初，科學界一般都當佢只不過係一種為咗溝通方便嘅用詞，而唔係一個嚴謹嘅科學概念<sup id="cite_ref-sober_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sober-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生態概念"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.85.8B.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>生態概念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 生態概念"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生態系統">生態系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E9%8D%B5%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="關鍵物種">關鍵物種</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97%E8%89%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="旗艦物種">旗艦物種</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3" title="遺傳">遺傳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="進化">進化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E9%80%9A%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6" title="互通程度">互通程度</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="引咗"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E5.92.97"></span>引咗</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 引咗"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, G. L. (1983). <i>The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats</i>. Sterling Publishing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leuschner, D. (1991). A mathematical model for classification and identification. <i>Journal of classification</i>, 8(1), 99-113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gav-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gav_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gav_3-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gav_3-2">3.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gav_3-3">3.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Gavrilets, Sergey (October 2003). "Perspective: models of speciation: what have we learned in 40 years?". <i>Evolution</i>. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Society for the Study of Evolution. 57 (10): 2197–2215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell N.A. & Reece J.B. (2002). <i>BIOLOGY</i>, 6th edition. Benjamin Cummimgs. p. 469.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sciscape 新聞報導 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciscape.org/news_detail.php?news_id=1515">生物：</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%99%E8%9D%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="蝙蝠">蝙蝠</a>叫聲的種化契機。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Templeton, Alan R. (April 1980). "The Theory of Speciation VIA the Founder Principle". <i>Genetics</i>. Bethesda, MD: Genetics Society of America. 94 (4): 1011–1038.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonovics, Janis (July 2006). "Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations X: long-term persistence of prereproductive isolation at a mine boundary". <i>Heredity</i>. London: Nature Publishing Group for The Genetics Society. 97 (1): 33–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Zimmer, 2005.《演化-一個觀念的勝利》。唐嘉慧，譯。時報文化。 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9789571342412" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-957-13-4241-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dawkins, R. <i>The Ancestor's Tale</i>, 2004: 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sober-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sober_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sober, E. (Ed.). (1994). <i>Conceptual issues in evolutionary biology</i>. Mit Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hull, D., 1965, "The Effect of Essentialism on Taxonomy: Two Thousand Years of Stasis", <i>British Journal for the Philosophy of Science</i>, 15: 314–326, 16: 1–18.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="拎"><span id=".E6.8B.8E"></span>拎</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 拎"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2018312">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2018311">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88" class="extiw" title="commons:頭版">維基同享</a>有多媒體嘅嘢：<br /><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Species" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Species"><span style="">Species</span></a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barcodinglife.org/">Barcoding of species</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/">Catalogue of Life</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061211145046/http://www.finitesite.com/dandelion/Linnaeus.HTML">European Species Names in Linnaean, Czech, English, German and French</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073920/http://plato.stanford.edu-online-documents-archive.info/entries/species/">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry: <i>Species</i></a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visualtaxa.redgolpe.com/">VisualTaxa</a>.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物進化" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="Template:進化"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:進化 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物進化" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="進化">生物進化</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div id="進化生物學_·_微同宏進化_·_適應（輻射適應）_·_自私基因論_·_進化博弈論"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="進化生物學">進化生物學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="微進化">微</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="宏進化">宏</a>進化<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="適應">適應</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="輻射適應">輻射適應</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%A7%81%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E8%AB%96" title="自私基因論">自私基因論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AB%96" title="進化博弈論">進化博弈論</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="遺傳學">遺傳基礎</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96" title="生殖">生殖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3" title="遺傳">遺傳</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%9B%B8%E7%95%B0" title="基因相異">基因相異</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%B5%84" title="基因組">基因組</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%BA%AB" title="基因庫">基因庫</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="基因多樣性">基因多樣性</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%9E%8B" title="基因型">基因型</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B" title="表現型">表現型</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%AF%E5%A1%91" title="表現型可塑">可塑</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A0%E9%81%93%E5%B0%8E%E5%90%91" title="渠道導向">渠道導向</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="孟德爾定律">孟德爾定律</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolution_icon_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Evolution_icon_01.svg/150px-Evolution_icon_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Evolution_icon_01.svg/225px-Evolution_icon_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Evolution_icon_01.svg/300px-Evolution_icon_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="177" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">物種</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4" title="種群">種群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%A8%B9" title="進化樹">進化樹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="共同祖先">共同祖先</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90" title="同源">同源</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="最終共同祖先">LUCA</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E5%9E%8B" title="生物多型">生物多型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="物種概念">物種概念</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="物種分類">物種分類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%AB%94%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="群體遺傳學">群體遺傳學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">物種變化</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物種形成">物種形成</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="異域物種形成">異域</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="同域物種形成">同域</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="近域物種形成">近域</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B0%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="鄰域物種形成">鄰域</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E7%8B%80%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="環狀物種">環狀物種</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE" title="絕種">絕種</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE" title="共同絕種">共同絕種</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE" title="大規模絕種">大規模絕種</a>）同埋<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4%E6%A8%BD%E9%A0%B8" title="種群樽頸">種群樽頸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E7%B7%A3%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8" title="親緣關係學">親緣關係</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="支序分類學">支序分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%94%AF" title="進化支">進化支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%B3%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="單系群">單系群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="多系群">多系群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="並系群">並系群</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="進化機制">機制</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%AB%B6%E5%A4%A9%E6%93%87" title="物競天擇">物競天擇</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89%E5%BA%A6" title="進化適應度">適應度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="共同進化">共同進化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="性選擇">性選擇</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="親屬選擇">親屬選擇</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%AB%94%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="群體選擇">群體選擇</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%AA%81%E8%AE%8A" title="基因突變">基因突變</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B5%81%E5%8B%95" title="基因流動">基因流動</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%BC%82%E8%AE%8A" title="基因漂變">基因漂變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%A8%A1%E5%A1%8A%E5%8C%96" title="生物模塊化">生物模塊化</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96%E5%98%85%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A" title="進化論嘅證據">證據</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="人工選擇">人工選擇</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%B4%E9%A4%8A" title="馴養">馴養</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%97%A5" title="抗藥">抗藥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E8%B7%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="痕跡器官">痕跡器官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A" title="年代測定">年代測定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="化石">化石</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="過渡化石">過渡化石</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="進化生態學">進化生態</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%A8%E5%90%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="趨同進化">趨同</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="平行進化">平行</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%A8%E7%95%B0%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="趨異進化">趨異</a>進化</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="反捕食者適應">反捕食者適應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C_(%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96)" title="合作 (進化)">合作</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="訊號理論">訊號理論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2" title="生命進化史">進化史</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="生命起源">生命起源</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%9F%E6%BA%90%E8%AB%96" title="無生源論">無生源論</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E7%A8%AE%E8%AB%96" title="泛種論">泛種論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E9%BE%8D%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="恐龍進化">恐龍進化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="人類進化">人類進化</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%98%85%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="人類智能嘅進化">人類智能嘅進化</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E5%BA%A6%E5%98%85%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="生物複雜度嘅進化">生物複雜度嘅進化</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96%E5%8F%B2" title="進化論史">進化論史</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E6%98%93%E8%B3%AA%E8%AA%AA" title="物種易質說">物種易質說</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blending_inheritance" class="extiw" title="en:Blending inheritance">融合遺傳說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%AA" title="定向進化說">定向進化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="拉馬克主義">拉馬克主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="查理斯·達爾文">查理斯·達爾文</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="物種起源">物種起源</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%B3%AA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="本質主義">本質主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E4%BC%91%E8%AC%A8" title="大衛休謨">大衛休謨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%B6%9C%E8%AB%96" title="現代進化綜論">現代綜論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">社會爭論</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8D%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96%E5%98%85%E6%8B%92%E6%96%A5" title="宗教對進化論嘅拒斥">相關宗教爭議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%B0%8E%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96" title="神導進化論">神導進化論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="社會達爾文主義">社會達爾文主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="優生學">優生學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="無神論">無神論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AB%96" title="不可知論">不可知論</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="理神論">理神論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">相關領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="生物領域" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學">生物領域</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="生物分類學">生物分類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8" title="生物系統學">生物系統學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生物地理學">生物地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="生態學">生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="古生物學">古生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="發育生物學">發育生物學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="進化發育生物學">進化發育生物學</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E9%85%8D%E7%A8%AE" title="動物配種">動物配種</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E9%85%8D%E7%A8%AE" title="植物配種">植物配種</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="進化心理學">進化心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="社會生物學">社會生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="醫學">醫學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="進化醫學">進化醫學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦科學">電腦科學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">AI</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="語言學">語言學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史語言學">歷史</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="比較語言學">比較</a>語言學）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div><b>拉雜相關</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="進化運算">進化運算</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="進化演算法">進化演算法</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="遺傳演算法">遺傳演算法</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8F%B2" title="地球史">地球史</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生態系統">生態系統</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="模因">Meme</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="文化進化">文化進化</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%8A" title="語言演變">語言演變</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="複雜系統">複雜系統</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%BA%A6" title="可進化度">可進化度</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">由「<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=物種&oldid=2072102">https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=物種&oldid=2072102</a>」收</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Special:分類">屬於3類</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="Category:物種">物種</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:生物分類 (無呢版)">生物分類</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:生物分類學">生物分類學</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">屬於2隱類：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%A8%E7%B7%8AISBN%E9%AD%94%E8%A1%93%E9%8F%88%E5%98%85%E7%89%88" title="Category:用緊ISBN魔術鏈嘅版">用緊ISBN魔術鏈嘅版</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%98%85%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0" title="Category:有英文嘅文章">有英文嘅文章</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 呢版上次改係2024年1月5號 (禮拜五) 05:09 嘅事。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">呢度嘅所有文字係根據<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 牌照 4.0</a>嘅條款發佈；可能會有附加嘅條款。利用呢個網站，你同意<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">利用條款</a>同埋<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">私隱政策</a>。Wikipedia® 係<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a> 嘅註冊商標，一個非牟利機構。</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">私隱政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC">關於維基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%AC%E8%81%B2%E6%98%8E">免責聲明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行為準則</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">開發人員</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh-yue.wikipedia.org">統計</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie聲明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh-yue.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手提版</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gzd6v","wgBackendResponseTime":186,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.248","walltime":"0.378","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1051,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":46083,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1129,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":12138,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 267.674 1 -total"," 38.53% 103.136 1 Template:Lang-en"," 14.45% 38.670 1 Template:Commonscat"," 12.73% 34.076 1 Template:Sister_project"," 11.76% 31.475 1 Template:Side_box"," 10.08% 26.984 1 Template:Distinguish"," 8.21% 21.970 1 Template:Reflist"," 8.19% 21.932 1 Template:進化"," 8.18% 21.894 4 Template:Navbox"," 4.56% 12.218 1 Template:Jpingauto"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.110","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16208675,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-xdtdv","timestamp":"20241124054030","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u7269\u7a2e","url":"https:\/\/zh-yue.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7432","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7432","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-03-26T12:57:12Z","dateModified":"2024-01-05T05:09:57Z"}</script> </body> </html>