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Tromba marina - Wikipedia
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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa_marina" title="Trompa marina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Trompa marina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trum%C5%A1ajt" title="Trumšajt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trumšajt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumscheit" title="Trumscheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trumscheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Τρόμπα μαρίνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρόμπα μαρίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompeta_marina" title="Trompeta marina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trompeta marina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompette_marine" title="Trompette marine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trompette marine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromba_marina_(strumento_musicale)" title="Tromba marina (strumento musicale) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tromba marina (strumento musicale)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromba_marina" title="Tromba marina – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tromba marina" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompeta_marina" title="Trompeta marina – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Trompeta marina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumshayt" title="Trumshayt – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Trumshayt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubmaryna" title="Tubmaryna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tubmaryna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Трумшайт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Трумшайт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marintrumpet" title="Marintrumpet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marintrumpet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1095084#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Tromba marina</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tromba_marina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tromba_marina.jpg/51px-Tromba_marina.jpg" decoding="async" width="51" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tromba_marina.jpg/77px-Tromba_marina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tromba_marina.jpg/102px-Tromba_marina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="983" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tromba marina owned by <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Galpin" title="Francis William Galpin">Francis William Galpin</a> in 1906. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">Bowed string instruments</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_b%E1%BA%A7u" title="Đàn bầu">Đàn bầu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duxianqin" title="Duxianqin">Duxianqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">Ektara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_chest_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea chest bass">Tea chest bass</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_trumpet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Marine_trumpet.jpg/220px-Marine_trumpet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Marine_trumpet.jpg/330px-Marine_trumpet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Marine_trumpet.jpg/440px-Marine_trumpet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption>Marine trumpet, or Nonnentrompete</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>tromba marina</b>, <b>marine trumpet</b> or <b>nuns' fiddle</b>, (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">Fr.</a> <i>trompette marine</i>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">Ger.</a> <i>Marientrompete, Trompetengeige, Nonnengeige</i> or <i>Trumscheit</i>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Pol.</a> <i>tubmaryna</i>) is a triangular <a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">bowed</a> <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">string instrument</a> used in medieval and Renaissance Europe that was highly popular in the 15th century in England and survived into the 18th century. The tromba marina consists of a body and <a href="/wiki/Neck_(music)" title="Neck (music)">neck</a> in the shape of a truncated cone resting on a triangular base. It is usually four to seven feet long, and is a <a href="/wiki/Monochord" title="Monochord">monochord</a> (although some versions have sympathetically-vibrating strings). It is played without stopping the string, but playing natural <a href="/wiki/Harmonic" title="Harmonic">harmonics</a> by lightly touching the string with the thumb at nodal points. Its name comes from its <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a> like sound due to the unusual construction of the <a href="/wiki/Bridge_(instrument)" title="Bridge (instrument)">bridge</a>, and the resemblance of its contour to the marine <a href="/wiki/Megaphone" title="Megaphone">speaking-trumpet</a> of the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tromba_marina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The body of the marine trumpet is generally either three sides of wood joined in an elongated <a href="/wiki/Triangle" title="Triangle">triangle</a> shape with a pegbox at the apex; or a body of three to six ribs, a frontal <a href="/wiki/Sounding_board" title="Sounding board">soundboard</a>, and a distinguishable neck. In most cases the bottom end of the instrument is open; some historical models use <a href="/wiki/Sound-hole" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound-hole">sound-holes</a>. The single string, generally the D string of a <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cello</a>, most often is tuned to the C three <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a> below <a href="/wiki/Middle_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle C">middle C</a>. It attaches at the soundboard and passes over one foot of the <a href="/wiki/Bridge_(instrument)" title="Bridge (instrument)">bridge</a>, leaving the other foot to vibrate freely on a plate of ivory or glass set into the soundboard, creating a brassy buzz. From its curiously irregular shape, the bridge was also known as the shoe; it was thick and high at the one side on which rested the string, and low and narrow at the other which was left loose so that it vibrated against the belly with every movement of the bow. A string called a guidon is tied around the playing string below the bridge and runs up to the pegbox where it is wrapped around a peg. The guidon adjusts the balance of the bridge by pulling the playing string.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The measurements of the tromba marina varied considerably, as did the shape of the body and the number of strings. An <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> string, half the length of the melody string, and even two more, respectively the twelfth and the double octave, not resting on the bridge but acting as <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_strings" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathetic strings">sympathetic strings</a>, were sometimes added to improve the timbre by strengthening the pure harmonic tones without increasing the blare due to the action of the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tromba_marina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the days of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">Michael Praetorius</a> (1618), the length of the Trumscheit was 7 feet 3 inches (2.21 m) and the three sides at the base measured 7 inches (180 mm), tapering to 2 inches (51 mm) at the neck. There was at first only one string, generally a D <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cello</a> string. The heavy bow, similar to that of the cello, is used between the highest positions of the left hand at the nodal points and the nut of the head. In a Trumscheit in the collection of the Kgl. Hochschule, at <a href="/wiki/Charlottenburg" title="Charlottenburg">Charlottenburg</a> (No. 772 in catalogue) the frets are lettered A, D, F, A, D, F, G, A, B, C, D.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, at the time when the <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a> was extensively used in the churches, nuns often substituted the tromba marina because women were not allowed to play trumpets—hence the name <i>Nonnengeige</i> (literally, <i>nuns' violin</i>). In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the Grande Ecurie du Roi comprised five trumpets-marine and <a href="/wiki/Cromorne" title="Cromorne">cromornes</a> among the band in 1662, when the charge was mentioned for the first time in the accounts; and in 1666 the number was increased to six. The instrument fell into disuse during the first half of the 18th century (see <a href="/wiki/Equal_temperament" title="Equal temperament">equal temperament</a>), and was only to be seen in the hands of itinerant and street musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern times, the group <a href="/wiki/Corvus_Corax_(band)" title="Corvus Corax (band)">Corvus Corax</a> still regularly plays the tromba marina.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tromba_marina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crwth" title="Crwth">Crwth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-string_instrument" title="Long-string instrument">Long-string instrument</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tromba_marina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911302_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchlesinger1911">Schlesinger 1911</a>, p. 302.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tromba_marina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schlesinger, Kathleen (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tromba_marina" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tromba marina">Tromba marina</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 302.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tromba+marina&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=302&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATromba+marina" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tromba_marina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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instrument">Fretless string instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_steel_guitar" title="Pedal steel guitar">Pedal steel guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">Trombone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">Timpani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_voice" title="Human voice">Human voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynamic intonation adjustment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crook_(music)" title="Crook (music)">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_instrument#Bowing" title="String instrument">Fretted string instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">Wind instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Just intonation in one key</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">Bagpipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">Natural horn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tromba marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-string_instrument" title="Long-string instrument">Long-string instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">Harmonica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retunable to a just key</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">Keyboard instruments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Split_sharp" title="Split sharp">Split sharp</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harmonic" title="Harmonic">Flageolet tones</a> (harmonics) or<br />natural <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">overtone series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">Guqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_b%E1%BA%A7u" title="Đàn bầu">Đàn bầu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical just-intoned string<br />part relation with additional <a href="/wiki/3rd_bridge" title="3rd bridge">3rd bridge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monochord" title="Monochord">Monochord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Reed" title="Bradford Reed">Pencilina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodswinger" title="Moodswinger">Moodswinger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_strings,_wires,_and_instruments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Strings_(music)" title="Template:Strings (music)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Strings_(music)" title="Template talk:Strings (music)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Strings_(music)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Strings (music)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_strings,_wires,_and_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Musical <a href="/wiki/String_(music)" title="String (music)">strings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piano_wire" title="Piano wire">wires</a>, and <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_string_instruments" title="List of string instruments">List</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chordophones_by_Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs_number" title="List of chordophones by Hornbostel–Sachs number"> Hornbostel–Sachs numbers</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_(instrument)" title="Bridge (instrument)">Bridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_bridge" title="3rd bridge">Third bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chordophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordophone">Chordophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Course_(music)" title="Course (music)">Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (music)">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Enharmonic">Enharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerboard" title="Fingerboard">Fingerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fret" title="Fret">Fret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_frequency" title="Fundamental frequency">Fundamental</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">Harmonics</a>/<a href="/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone">Overtones</a>/<a href="/wiki/String_harmonic" title="String harmonic">String harmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_wave" title="Longitudinal wave">Longitudinal wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-string_instrument" title="Long-string instrument">Long-string instrument</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melde%27s_experiment" title="Melde's experiment">Melde's experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersenne%27s_laws" title="Mersenne's laws">Mersenne's laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochord" title="Monochord">Monochord</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_On_A_Long_Thin_Wire" title="Music On A Long Thin Wire">Music On A Long Thin Wire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(physics)" title="Node (physics)">Node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(string_instrument)" title="Nut (string instrument)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reentrant_tuning" title="Reentrant tuning">Re-entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_length_(string_instruments)" title="Scale length (string instruments)">Scale length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_board_(music)" title="Sound board (music)">Soundboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_wave" title="Standing wave">Standing wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_vibration" title="String vibration">String vibration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_wave" title="Transverse wave">Transverse wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_mechanisms_for_stringed_instruments" title="Tuning mechanisms for stringed instruments">Tuning peg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monochord" title="Monochord">Monochords</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Musical_bow" title="Musical bow">musical bows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahardin" title="Ahardin">Ahardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berimbau" title="Berimbau">Berimbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladder_fiddle" title="Bladder fiddle">Bladder fiddle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boom-ba" class="mw-redirect" title="Boom-ba">Boom-ba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_b%E1%BA%A7u" title="Đàn bầu">Đàn bầu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diddley_bow" title="Diddley bow">Diddley bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duxianqin" title="Duxianqin">Duxianqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">Ektara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_bow" title="Ground bow">Ground bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichigenkin" title="Ichigenkin">Ichigenkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jap_fiddle" title="Jap fiddle">Japanese fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_harp" title="Jew's harp">Jaw harp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genggong" title="Genggong">Genggong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogona" title="Gogona">Gogona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temir_komuz" title="Temir komuz">Khomuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubing" title="Kubing">Kubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">Morsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukkuri" title="Mukkuri">Mukkuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langeleik" title="Langeleik">Langeleik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesiba" title="Lesiba">Lesiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masenqo" title="Masenqo">Masenqo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onavillu" title="Onavillu">Onavillu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalmodicon" title="Psalmodicon">Psalmodicon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tromba marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbi" title="Tumbi">Tumbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umuduri" title="Umuduri">Umuduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitar_(instrument)" title="Unitar (instrument)">Unitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washtub_bass" title="Washtub bass">Washtub bass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1095084#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1095084#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1095084#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4276521-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85119264">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565746605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/7c7468e5-85aa-4c7a-b9a8-5d385b769918">MusicBrainz instrument</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6b7f745dd4‐7wcxz Cached time: 20241125142741 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: 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