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searchaux" style="display:none">Bill in the United States Congress</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.25em">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Great Seal of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/140px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/210px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/280px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Long title</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">To hold law enforcement accountable for misconduct in court, improve transparency through data collection, and reform police training and policies.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Announced in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th United States Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Number of co-sponsors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">199</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff">Legislative history</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><div><ul style="line-height:1.3em;text-align:left"><li><b>Introduced</b> in the House as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1280">H.R. 1280</a> by <a href="/wiki/Karen_Bass" title="Karen Bass">Karen Bass</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>–<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a>) on February 24, 2021</li><li><b>Committee consideration</b> by House Judiciary</li><li><b>Passed the House</b> on March 3, 2021 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2021/roll060.xml">220–212</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021</b> was a policing reform <a href="/wiki/Bill_(proposed_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill (proposed law)">bill</a> drafted by <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>. The legislation was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> on February 24, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Actions_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Actions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation aims to combat <a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct" title="Police misconduct">police misconduct</a>, <a href="/wiki/Excessive_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Excessive force">excessive force</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Racial_bias" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial bias">racial bias</a> in policing.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bill passed the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives on a mostly party-line vote of 220–212,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not the evenly divided but Democratic-controlled Senate amid opposition from <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SonmezDeBonis_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SonmezDeBonis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negotiations between Republican and Democratic senators on a reform bill collapsed in September 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-SonmezDeBonis_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SonmezDeBonis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The drafting of the legislation was preceded by a series of <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">protests</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> and other high-profile <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States">killings of African Americans</a> at the hands of mostly white police officers and civilians in 2020, such as the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Breonna_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Breonna Taylor">shooting of Breonna Taylor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposed legislation contains some provisions that <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> advocates have long sought,<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is named in Floyd's honor.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provisions">Provisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The legislation, described as expansive,<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would: </p> <ul><li>Grant power to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Division">Civil Rights Division</a> to issue <a href="/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoenas</a> to police departments as part of "pattern or practice" investigations into whether there has been a "pattern and practice" of bias or misconduct by the department<sup id="cite_ref-KaneWagner_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaneWagner-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Provide grants to <a href="/wiki/State_attorneys_general" class="mw-redirect" title="State attorneys general">state attorneys general</a> to "create an independent process to investigate misconduct or excessive use of force" by police forces<sup id="cite_ref-CaldwellShabad_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaldwellShabad-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Establish a federal registry of police misconduct complaints and disciplinary actions<sup id="cite_ref-CaldwellShabad_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaldwellShabad-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Enhance accountability for police officers who commit misconduct, by restricting the application of the <a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a> doctrine for local and state officers,<sup id="cite_ref-KaneWagner_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaneWagner-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by changing the <i><a href="/wiki/Mens_rea" title="Mens rea">mens rea</a></i> (intent) element of 18 U.S.C. § 242 (the federal criminal offense of "deprivation of rights under color of law," which has been used to prosecute police for misconduct) from "<a href="/wiki/Willfully" class="mw-redirect" title="Willfully">willfully</a>" to "<a href="/wiki/Knowingly" class="mw-redirect" title="Knowingly">knowingly</a> or with reckless disregard"<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Require federal uniformed police officers to have <a href="/wiki/Body-worn_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Body-worn camera">body-worn cameras</a><sup id="cite_ref-CaldwellShabad_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaldwellShabad-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Require marked federal police vehicles to be equipped with <a href="/wiki/Dashboard_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashboard camera">dashboard cameras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CaldwellShabad_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaldwellShabad-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Require state and local law enforcement agencies that receive federal funding to "ensure" the use of body-worn and dashboard cameras.<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Restrict the transfer of military equipment to police<sup id="cite_ref-CaldwellShabad_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaldwellShabad-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see <a href="/wiki/1033_program" class="mw-redirect" title="1033 program">1033 program</a>, <a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police" title="Militarization of police">militarization of police</a>)</li> <li>Require state and local law enforcement agencies that receive federal funding to adopt anti-discrimination policies and training programs, including those targeted at fighting <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Prohibit federal police officers from using <a href="/wiki/Chokehold" title="Chokehold">chokeholds</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Carotid_hold" class="mw-redirect" title="Carotid hold">carotid holds</a> (which led to the death of <a href="/wiki/Eric_Garner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a>), and require state and local law enforcement agencies that receive federal funding to adopt the same prohibition<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Prohibit the issuance of <a href="/wiki/No-knock_warrant" title="No-knock warrant">no-knock warrants</a> (warrants that allow police to conduct a raid without knocking or announcing themselves) in federal drug investigations, and provide incentives to the states to enact a similar prohibition.<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Change the threshold for the permissible use of force by federal law enforcement officers from "reasonableness" to only when "necessary to prevent death or serious bodily injury."<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mandate that federal officers use <a href="/wiki/Deadly_force" title="Deadly force">deadly force</a> only as a last resort and that de-escalation be attempted, and condition federal funding to state and local law enforcement agencies on the adoption of the same policy.<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_history">Legislative history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drafting_and_introduction_in_2021">Drafting and introduction in 2021</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Drafting and introduction in 2021"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, the legislation was principally drafted by Representative <a href="/wiki/Karen_Bass" title="Karen Bass">Karen Bass</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> (who chairs the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a>) and Representative <a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Nadler" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerrold Nadler">Jerrold Nadler</a> of New York (who chairs the <a href="/wiki/House_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Judiciary Committee">House Judiciary Committee</a>); in the Senate, the legislation has been drafted by <a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> of New Jersey and <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> of California, the Senate's two black Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CaldwellShabad_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaldwellShabad-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation was introduced in the House as H.B. 7120 on June 8, 2021, by Bass, with 165 co-sponsors, all Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill was referred to the <a href="/wiki/House_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Judiciary Committee">House Judiciary Committee</a>, and additionally to the <a href="/wiki/House_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Armed Services Committee">House Armed Services Committee</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_Energy_and_Commerce_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Energy and Commerce Committee">House Energy and Commerce Committee</a>, for consideration of provisions falling within those committees' jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-Actions_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Actions-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation was introduced in the Senate on the same day as S. 3912, by Booker, with 35 cosponsors.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was referred to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_hearings">Committee hearings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Committee hearings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At a June 2020 hearing on police issues in the House Judiciary Committee, George Floyd's brother, Philonise Floyd, testified in favor of police reforms. Also testifying were the Floyd family's attorney <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Crump" title="Benjamin Crump">Benjamin Crump</a> (invited by the Democrats) and Angela Underwood Jacobs (invited by the Republicans), the brother of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a> officer David "Patrick" Underwood, who was <a href="/wiki/2020_boogaloo_murders" title="2020 boogaloo murders">killed in the line of duty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CheneyHouse_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CheneyHouse-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Committee Republicans invited conservative <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> commentator and ex-Secret Service agent <a href="/wiki/Dan_Bongino" title="Dan Bongino">Dan Bongino</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CheneyHouse_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CheneyHouse-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burns_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burns-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who did not mention <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police brutality</a> at the hearing and instead focused on dangers faced by police.<sup id="cite_ref-Burns_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burns-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Committee Republicans also called <a href="/wiki/Darrell_C._Scott" title="Darrell C. Scott">Darrell C. Scott</a>, a minister and prominent Trump ally, to testify.<sup id="cite_ref-CheneyHouse_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CheneyHouse-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> hearing on June 16, members heard testimony from a number of witnesses, including <a href="/wiki/Vanita_Gupta" title="Vanita Gupta">Vanita Gupta</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Leadership_Conference_on_Civil_and_Human_Rights" title="Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights">Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights</a>; attorney S. Lee Merritt, who represents the family of <a href="/wiki/Ahmaud_Arbery" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a>; <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul, Minnesota</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Carter_(politician)" title="Melvin Carter (politician)">Melvin Carter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Houston_Police_Department" title="Houston Police Department">Houston Police Department</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Art_Acevedo" title="Art Acevedo">Art Acevedo</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_Order_of_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal Order of Police">Fraternal Order of Police</a> national president Patrick Yoes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gupta, who served as head of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Division">Civil Rights Division</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a>, testified in favor of police reforms and criticized the Trump Justice Department, while Yoes testified against restricting <a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a> for police.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_passage_in_2020">House passage in 2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: House passage in 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terri_Sewell_-_6.25.21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Terri_Sewell_-_6.25.21.jpg/220px-Terri_Sewell_-_6.25.21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Terri_Sewell_-_6.25.21.jpg/330px-Terri_Sewell_-_6.25.21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Terri_Sewell_-_6.25.21.jpg/440px-Terri_Sewell_-_6.25.21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>House members after passage of the bill on June 25, 2020</figcaption></figure> <p>On June 17, 2020, after a nearly 12-hour debate, the <a href="/wiki/House_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Judiciary Committee">House Judiciary Committee</a> advanced the bill to the House floor on a party-line vote (with all Democrats voting yes and all Republicans voting no).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the floor, the bill passed the Democratic-controlled House on a mostly <a href="/wiki/Party-line_vote" title="Party-line vote">party-line vote</a> of 236–181.<sup id="cite_ref-ReutersVid_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReutersVid-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Edmondson_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmondson-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation's key sponsors sought to garner support for the bill from <a href="/wiki/Moderate_Republican_(modern_United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderate Republican (modern United States)">moderate Republicans</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-KaneWagner_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaneWagner-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but ultimately, only three House Republicans (all moderates) joined all House Democrats in voting to pass the bill: Representatives <a href="/wiki/Fred_Upton" title="Fred Upton">Fred Upton</a> of Michigan, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Fitzpatrick_(American_politician)" title="Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)">Brian Fitzpatrick</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Will_Hurd" title="Will Hurd">Will Hurd</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Edmondson_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmondson-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time the bill could not pass the Republican-controlled <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> but it will be testified in the 2021 50-50 Senate controlled by the Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-ReutersVid_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReutersVid-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Edmondson_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmondson-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressional_gridlock_and_blockage_in_the_Senate">Congressional gridlock and blockage in the Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Congressional gridlock and blockage in the Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bill never advanced in 2020, due to opposition by Republicans, who then controlled the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCPass_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCPass-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Republican senators led by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Tim Scott</a> proposed alternative police legislation that was far narrower than the House bill favored by Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCPass_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCPass-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EdmondsonStall_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdmondsonStall-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Scott bill would introduce incentives for states and localities to change police practices (by limiting chokeholds and promoting the use of body cameras),<sup id="cite_ref-EdmondsonStall_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdmondsonStall-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KimWagner_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KimWagner-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but would not restrict the qualified-immunity doctrine,<sup id="cite_ref-EdmondsonStall_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdmondsonStall-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would not ban chokeholds or otherwise federally restrict police use of deadly force,<sup id="cite_ref-EdmondsonStall_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdmondsonStall-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would not restrict no-knock warrants.<sup id="cite_ref-KimWagner_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KimWagner-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Democrats and civil rights organizations oppose the Senate Republican proposal as too weak;<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EdmondsonStall_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdmondsonStall-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Senate_Minority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Minority Leader">Senate Minority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> and Democratic Senators <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> (the sponsors of the Senate version of the Justice in Policing Act), called the Republican bill "not salvageable" and "so threadbare and lacking in substance that it does not even provide a proper baseline for negotiations."<sup id="cite_ref-EdmondsonStall_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdmondsonStall-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 24, 2020, the Senate Republican proposal failed in a procedural vote of 55–45, on a mostly-party line vote, failing to obtain the 60 votes needed to advance to a floor debate,<sup id="cite_ref-Greve_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greve-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thus becoming <a href="/wiki/Gridlock_(politics)" title="Gridlock (politics)">gridlocked</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCPass_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCPass-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Democrats called upon Republican <a href="/wiki/Senate_Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Majority Leader">Senate Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> to enter "bipartisan talks to get to a constructive starting point."<sup id="cite_ref-EdmondsonStall_30-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdmondsonStall-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reintroduction_in_2021,_second_House_passage,_and_renewed_deadlock"><span id="Reintroduction_in_2021.2C_second_House_passage.2C_and_renewed_deadlock"></span>Reintroduction in 2021, second House passage, and renewed deadlock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reintroduction in 2021, second House passage, and renewed deadlock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bill was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th Congress</a> on February 24, 2021, as H. R. 1280, the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021. The bill was sponsored by Bass and co-sponsored by 199 other Representatives (all Democrats).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It passed the House on a nearly-party line vote of 220–212 on March 3, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Elfrink_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elfrink-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No Republicans supported the legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-Wire_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wire-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The legislation did not advance in the Senate, bipartisan negotiations took place between Bass, Scott, and Booker, but collapsed by September 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Wire_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wire-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SonmezDeBonis_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SonmezDeBonis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biden repeatedly pushed for the legislation to be advanced; in his <a href="/wiki/2021_Joe_Biden_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2021 Joe Biden speech to a joint session of Congress">April 2021 speech to Congress</a>, Biden praised bipartisan "productive discussions" on police reform and called upon Congress to send him the bill by the one-year anniversary of Floyd's murder.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In announcing that negotiations had failed, Booker said that the parties were unable to agree about the fate of <a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a> for police departments and officers and that Republicans were unwilling to agree to a national database to track police misconduct.<sup id="cite_ref-SonmezDeBonis_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SonmezDeBonis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voting_summary">Voting summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Voting summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Congress </th> <th>Short title </th> <th>Bill number(s) </th> <th>Date introduced </th> <th>Sponsor(s) </th> <th># of cosponsors </th> <th>Latest status </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th Congress</a> </td> <td>George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2020 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/7120">H.R. 7120</a> </td> <td>June 8, 2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_Bass" title="Karen Bass">Karen Bass</a> <p>(D-CA) </p> </td> <td>236 </td> <td>Passed in the House (236–181)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Justice in Policing Act of 2020 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/3912">S. 3912</a> </td> <td>June 8, 2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> <p>(D-NJ) </p> </td> <td>36 </td> <td>Died in Committee </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1280">H.R. 1280</a> </td> <td>February 24, 2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_Bass" title="Karen Bass">Karen Bass</a> <p>(D-CA) </p> </td> <td>199 </td> <td>Passed in the House (220–212)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TBD </td> <td>TBD </td> <td>TBD </td> <td>TBD </td> <td>TBD </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support_and_opposition">Support and opposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Support and opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support">Support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The legislation is endorsed by more than 100 civil rights groups,<sup id="cite_ref-Edmondson_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmondson-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/Lawyers%27_Committee_for_Civil_Rights_Under_Law" title="Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law">Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leadership_Conference_on_Civil_and_Human_Rights" title="Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights">Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> and <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Legal_Defense_and_Educational_Fund" title="NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund">NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Network" title="National Action Network">National Action Network</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> praised the legislation for taking "significant steps to protect people and ensure accountability against police violence" but expressed opposition to providing "hundreds of millions more to law enforcement" and called for more sweeping changes to "the role of police in our society fundamentally."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The legislation is supported by President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition">Opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Police_union" title="Police union">Police unions</a> and other organizations representing police oppose the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-Edmondson_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmondson-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police organizations are influential in Congress, exerting influence through campaign contributions, endorsements, and lobbying and advocacy efforts, and historically have been successful in stymieing reform legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Then-President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> opposed the bill, and in 2020, he issued a formal pledge to veto the legislation if it passed Congress and contending that the bill is "overbroad" and would "weaken the ability of law enforcement agencies to reduce crime."<sup id="cite_ref-Edmondson_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmondson-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trump specifically opposed proposals to restrict <a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KaneWagner_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaneWagner-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zack Smith of the conservative <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a> contends that the bill uses a faulty definition of "racial profiling" that "would essentially establish a de facto quota system for traffic stops, pedestrian stops, interviews, and other investigatory activities, and could encourage officers and departments to 'game the system' by stopping more individuals with certain types of characteristics—specifically, women, whites, or Asians—than they otherwise would."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This criticism has also been echoed by conservative lawyer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kirsanow" title="Peter Kirsanow">Peter Kirsanow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lance_Gooden" title="Lance Gooden">Lance Gooden</a>, a Republican of Texas, cast the sole Republican "yes" vote on the bill after having "accidentally pressed the wrong voting button and realized it too late"; he later said that he opposed the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-Elfrink_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elfrink-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://judiciary.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3005">"Chair Bass, Senators Booker and Harris, and Chair Nadler Introduce the Justice in Policing Act of 2020"</a> (Press release). 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Act."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroadwaterEdmondson2020" class="citation news cs1">Broadwater, Luke; Edmondson, Catie (June 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/25/us/politics/police-reforms-congress.html">"Police Groups Wield Strong Influence in Congress, Resisting the Strictest Reforms"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Police+Groups+Wield+Strong+Influence+in+Congress%2C+Resisting+the+Strictest+Reforms&rft.date=2020-06-25&rft.aulast=Broadwater&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft.au=Edmondson%2C+Catie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F25%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fpolice-reforms-congress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Floyd+Justice+in+Policing+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2021" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Zack (March 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org/crime-and-justice/commentary/george-floyd-justice-policing-act-would-make-cops-jobs-more-difficult">"George Floyd Justice in Policing Act Would Make Cops' Jobs More Difficult"</a>. <i>Heritage Foundation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heritage+Foundation&rft.atitle=George+Floyd+Justice+in+Policing+Act+Would+Make+Cops%27+Jobs+More+Difficult&rft.date=2021-03-05&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Zack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fcrime-and-justice%2Fcommentary%2Fgeorge-floyd-justice-policing-act-would-make-cops-jobs-more-difficult&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Floyd+Justice+in+Policing+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirsanow2021" class="citation web cs1">Kirsanow, Peter (March 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/the-george-floyd-quotas-in-policing-act/">"The George Floyd Quotas in Policing Act"</a>. <i>National Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=The+George+Floyd+Quotas+in+Policing+Act&rft.date=2021-03-04&rft.aulast=Kirsanow&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Fcorner%2Fthe-george-floyd-quotas-in-policing-act%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Floyd+Justice+in+Policing+Act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/7120/text">Full text of bill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6939207-Justice-in-Policing-Act-Summary">Summary of bill</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Protests_of_the_murder_of_George_Floyd" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Floyd_protests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Floyd protests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protests_of_the_murder_of_George_Floyd" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">Protests</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_George_Floyd" title="Memorials to George Floyd">memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Derek_Chauvin" title="Derek Chauvin">Derek Chauvin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_in_Minneapolis_regarding_the_trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Protests in Minneapolis regarding the trial of Derek Chauvin">trial protests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_George_Floyd_protests" title="Lists of George Floyd protests">Locations</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Floyd_protests_map" title="Template:George Floyd protests map">(map)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–<br />Saint Paul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arson_damage_during_the_George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Arson damage during the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Arson damage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square_occupied_protest" title="George Floyd Square occupied protest">George Floyd Square occupied protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 local racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Boards" title="Save the Boards">Save the Boards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">Elsewhere in<br />the U.S.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Alabama" title="George Floyd protests in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Alaska" title="George Floyd protests in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Arizona" title="George Floyd protests in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Arkansas" title="George Floyd protests in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_California" title="George Floyd protests in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="George Floyd protests in Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_San_Diego_County,_California" title="George Floyd protests in San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="George Floyd protests in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Colorado" title="George Floyd protests in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Connecticut" title="George Floyd protests in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Delaware" title="George Floyd protests in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington,_D.C." title="George Floyd protests in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Florida" title="George Floyd protests in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Georgia" title="George Floyd protests in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Atlanta" title="George Floyd protests in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Hawaii" title="George Floyd protests in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Idaho" title="George Floyd protests in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Illinois" title="George Floyd protests in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Chicago" title="George Floyd protests in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Indiana" title="George Floyd protests in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Iowa" title="George Floyd protests in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Kansas" title="George Floyd protests in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Kentucky" title="George Floyd protests in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Louisiana" title="George Floyd protests in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Maine" title="George Floyd protests in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Maryland" title="George Floyd protests in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Massachusetts" title="George Floyd protests in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Michigan" title="George Floyd protests in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minnesota" title="George Floyd protests in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Mississippi" title="George Floyd protests in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Missouri" title="George Floyd protests in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Montana" title="George Floyd protests in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Nebraska" title="George Floyd protests in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Nevada" title="George Floyd protests in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Hampshire" title="George Floyd protests in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Jersey" title="George Floyd protests in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Mexico" title="George Floyd protests in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_York_(state)" title="George Floyd protests in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_York_City" title="George Floyd protests in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_North_Carolina" title="George Floyd protests in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_North_Dakota" title="George Floyd protests in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Ohio" title="George Floyd protests in Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="George Floyd protests in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Oklahoma" title="George Floyd protests in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Oregon" title="George Floyd protests in Oregon">Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Pennsylvania" title="George Floyd protests in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Philadelphia" title="George Floyd protests in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Puerto_Rico" title="George Floyd protests in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Rhode_Island" title="George Floyd protests in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_South_Carolina" title="George Floyd protests in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_South_Dakota" title="George Floyd protests in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Tennessee" title="George Floyd protests in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Texas" title="George Floyd protests in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Utah" title="George Floyd protests in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Vermont" title="George Floyd protests in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in Virginia">Virginia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_(state)" title="George Floyd protests in Washington (state)">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Seattle" title="George Floyd protests in Seattle">Seattle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_West_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Wisconsin" title="George Floyd protests in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Wyoming" title="George Floyd protests in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">Outside the U.S.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Australia" title="George Floyd protests in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Belgium" title="George Floyd protests in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Canada" title="George Floyd protests in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Germany" title="George Floyd protests in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Italy" title="George Floyd protests in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_Netherlands" title="George Floyd protests in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="George Floyd protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">Violence and<br />controversies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">Police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">Vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_David_Dorn" title="Murder of David Dorn">David Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Sean_Monterrosa" title="Shooting of Sean Monterrosa">Sean Monterrosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Garrett_Foster" title="Murder of Garrett Foster">Garrett Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killings_of_Aaron_Danielson_and_Michael_Reinoehl" title="Killings of Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl">Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Arrests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Jimenez" title="Omar Jimenez">Omar Jimenez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Slogans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/8_minutes_46_seconds" title="8 minutes 46 seconds">8:46</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_the_looting_starts,_the_shooting_starts" title="When the looting starts, the shooting starts">When the looting starts, the shooting starts</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Reactions<br />(<a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Reactions to the murder of George Floyd">to the murder</a> · <br /><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">to the protests</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Law enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Legend" title="Operation Legend">Operation Legend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">Police reforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Social and cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_against_memorials_in_Great_Britain_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Actions against memorials in Great Britain during the George Floyd protests">Actions against memorials in Great Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Black Lives Matter street murals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">Changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">Monuments and memorials removed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">Name changes</a></li></ul></li> <li>Labor action <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">Strike for Black Lives (general)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Sports strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Strike for Black Lives (academic)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed<br />legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Murder of Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Killing of Breonna Taylor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor" title="Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Killing of Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Killing of Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Killing of Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Killing of Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Killing of Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Killing of Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Killing of Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andre_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Andre Hill">Killing of Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Killing of Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_United_States_racial_unrest_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the United States racial unrest (2020–present)">List of other incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Police_Department" title="Minneapolis Police Department">Minneapolis Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monument_and_memorial_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="List of monument and memorial controversies in the United States">Monument and memorial controversies in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_and_memorials_in_Canada_removed_in_2020%E2%80%932022" title="Monuments and memorials in Canada removed in 2020–2022">Monuments and memorials in Canada removed in 2020–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">Blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">Gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">Qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">Use of torture by police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">Use of deadly force by police</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name 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