CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="uNLMZizD7YxPZIlrPiJwtLcPBDzwLNH8khkFUsKMU3SIrMbIjbr9m3GZvsYLHbR3ARBnTbaBRYB9h9fQbqDrHg" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="A kárpátaljai magyar és német polgári lakosság tömeges elhurcolása szovjet hadifogságba (The deportation of masses of Hungarian and German civilians from Subcarpathia to Soviet prisoner of war camps)" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Zalán Bognár" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/11885029/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_%C3%A9s_n%C3%A9met_polg%C3%A1ri_lakoss%C3%A1g_t%C3%B6meges_elhurcol%C3%A1sa_szovjet_hadifogs%C3%A1gba_The_deportation_of_masses_of_Hungarian_and_German_civilians_from_Subcarpathia_to_Soviet_prisoner_of_war_camps_" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="A kárpátaljai magyar és német polgári lakosság tömeges elhurcolása szovjet hadifogságba (The deportation of masses of Hungarian and German civilians from Subcarpathia to Soviet prisoner of war camps)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The Soviet Union wanted to annex Subcarpathia (Podkarpatska Rus, which was reannexed to Hungary in March 1939, at the time of the disintegration of Czechoslovakia), because of strategic reasons after second world war. For the sake of the" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/29370997/105726596/94929526/s200_zal_n.bogn_r.png" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/11885029/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_%C3%A9s_n%C3%A9met_polg%C3%A1ri_lakoss%C3%A1g_t%C3%B6meges_elhurcol%C3%A1sa_szovjet_hadifogs%C3%A1gba_The_deportation_of_masses_of_Hungarian_and_German_civilians_from_Subcarpathia_to_Soviet_prisoner_of_war_camps_" /> <meta property="og:title" content="A kárpátaljai magyar és német polgári lakosság tömeges elhurcolása szovjet hadifogságba (The deportation of masses of Hungarian and German civilians from Subcarpathia to Soviet prisoner of war camps)" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The Soviet Union wanted to annex Subcarpathia (Podkarpatska Rus, which was reannexed to Hungary in March 1939, at the time of the disintegration of Czechoslovakia), because of strategic reasons after second world war. For the sake of the" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://kre.academia.edu/Zal%C3%A1nBogn%C3%A1r" /> <meta name="description" content="The Soviet Union wanted to annex Subcarpathia (Podkarpatska Rus, which was reannexed to Hungary in March 1939, at the time of the disintegration of Czechoslovakia), because of strategic reasons after second world war. For the sake of the" /> <title>(PDF) A kárpátaljai magyar és német polgári lakosság tömeges elhurcolása szovjet hadifogságba (The deportation of masses of Hungarian and German civilians from Subcarpathia to Soviet prisoner of war camps)</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/11885029/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_%C3%A9s_n%C3%A9met_polg%C3%A1ri_lakoss%C3%A1g_t%C3%B6meges_elhurcol%C3%A1sa_szovjet_hadifogs%C3%A1gba_The_deportation_of_masses_of_Hungarian_and_German_civilians_from_Subcarpathia_to_Soviet_prisoner_of_war_camps_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '5fc6a245d4f9d8f31904ea7b7ec4ba675529c461'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740665155000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740665155000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The Soviet Union wanted to annex Subcarpathia (Podkarpatska Rus, which was reannexed to Hungary in March 1939, at the time of the disintegration of Czechoslovakia), because of strategic reasons after second world war. For the sake of the international recognise of annexio there was a tried and tested method, if the local population asks to join to the Soviet Union. For the conduction of this Iván Turjanica arrived in Subcarpathia in October 1944 as the political commissioner of the Czechoslovakian army corps, which fought under the control of the 4. Ukrainian Front. Iván Turjanica separated from the ties of the army corps and first he started to organize the Communist Party of the Transcarpathian Ukraine (that is Zakarpatszka Ukraine and not Podkarpatszka Rusz as named locally). Then he organized the founding session of the People’s Council of Zakarpatszka Ukraine, where the delegates choosen by the comrades proclaimed Subcarpathia (or as they named Transcarpathian Ukraine) secession from Czechoslovakia and joining to the Soviet Union or for form’s sake to Soviet-Ukraine. The smooth implementation of the plan was threatened by the significant number of Hungarian and the smaller population of German minority, who did not want to join to Soviet Union. That\u0026#39;s why Ivan Turjanica suggested for the solve this problem and intimidate the population of Subcarpathia, as well as collection of workers the \u0026quot;temporary isolation of persons not enjoying the trust of the Sub-Carpathian population\u0026quot; to the Military Council of the 4. Ukrainian Front. After this the Military Council of the 4. Ukrainian Front ordered in its session on the 12th of November 1944 by the top secret command No. 0036 to collection and deportation to forced labour to Soviet Union all Hungarian and German nationality men between the age of 18-50 years. In accordance with the command about 40 thousand Hungarian and a lesser extent German civilian men was deported from Subcarpathian. About 40-50 percent of deportees died because of inhuman conditions and work overclocked.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Zalán Bognár","url":"https://kre.academia.edu/Zal%C3%A1nBogn%C3%A1r"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2015-04-10","dateModified":"2015-04-10","headline":"A kárpátaljai magyar és német polgári lakosság tömeges elhurcolása szovjet hadifogságba (The deportation of masses of Hungarian and German civilians from Subcarpathia to Soviet prisoner of war camps)","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37267655/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"hu","keywords":["Prisoners of War"],"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"kre"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37267655/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11885029/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_%C3%A9s_n%C3%A9met_polg%C3%A1ri_lakoss%C3%A1g_t%C3%B6meges_elhurcol%C3%A1sa_szovjet_hadifogs%C3%A1gba_The_deportation_of_masses_of_Hungarian_and_German_civilians_from_Subcarpathia_to_Soviet_prisoner_of_war_camps_"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 30px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 20px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 32px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 40px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 26px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 48px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 52px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 48px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 58px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 80px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 64px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}@media(min-width: 568px)and (max-width: 1279px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 104px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}@media(min-width: 1280px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 48px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 32px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 64px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 16px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #f4f7fc;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: DM Sans;--type-font-family-serif: Gupter;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 38px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 152px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}</style><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-fd2fcde21889491abfafcac2e33d795c8d15f5c18207be857e53e09b77f94215.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-170d1319f0e354621e81ca17054bb147da2856ec0702fe440a99af314a6338c5.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-8c9ae4b5c8a2531640c354d92a1f3579c8ff103277ef74913e34c8a76d4e6c00.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-95367dc03b794f6737f30123738a886cf53b7a65cdef98a922a98591d60063e3.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-d1941ab08e91e29ee143084c4749da4aaffa350a2ac6eec2306b1d7a352d911a.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "3962b642a66fe3c3b92bdedb564508c39ad844862d676327ace6489f0ffb8588", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="yl4vfUqEQuD8k7P-xVgnPx3nDAf3dcBHyHhQslFqC0z6ICXT6_1S98JuhFPwZ-P8q_hvdrHYVDsn5oIw_UazJg" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/11885029/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_%C3%A9s_n%C3%A9met_polg%C3%A1ri_lakoss%C3%A1g_t%C3%B6meges_elhurcol%C3%A1sa_szovjet_hadifogs%C3%A1gba_The_deportation_of_masses_of_Hungarian_and_German_civilians_from_Subcarpathia_to_Soviet_prisoner_of_war_camps_" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="NGGtVEAYjXKY7bBmYD4JnlGOkeKEWrnhDG-u08wc5SMEH6f64WGdZaYQh8tVAc1d55Hyk8L3LZ3j8XxRYDBdSQ" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"login-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Log In</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</button><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-a382613945ae46ec77bb6b8a480081f38f18faa087486ce66e9aac9d3723f9c0.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 29370997; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11885029%2FA_k%25C3%25A1rp%25C3%25A1taljai_magyar_%25C3%25A9s_n%25C3%25A9met_polg%25C3%25A1ri_lakoss%25C3%25A1g_t%25C3%25B6meges_elhurcol%25C3%25A1sa_szovjet_hadifogs%25C3%25A1gba_The_deportation_of_masses_of_Hungarian_and_German_civilians_from_Subcarpathia_to_Soviet_prisoner_of_war_camps_%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11885029%2FA_k%25C3%25A1rp%25C3%25A1taljai_magyar_%25C3%25A9s_n%25C3%25A9met_polg%25C3%25A1ri_lakoss%25C3%25A1g_t%25C3%25B6meges_elhurcol%25C3%25A1sa_szovjet_hadifogs%25C3%25A1gba_The_deportation_of_masses_of_Hungarian_and_German_civilians_from_Subcarpathia_to_Soviet_prisoner_of_war_camps_%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":37267655,"identifier":"Attachment_37267655","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":11885029,"created_at":"2015-04-10T07:17:43.288-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-15T06:28:30.613-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The Soviet Union wanted to annex Subcarpathia (Podkarpatska Rus, which was reannexed to Hungary in March 1939, at the time of the disintegration of Czechoslovakia), because of strategic reasons after second world war. For the sake of the international recognise of annexio there was a tried and tested method, if the local population asks to join to the Soviet Union. For the conduction of this Iván Turjanica arrived in Subcarpathia in October 1944 as the political commissioner of the Czechoslovakian army corps, which fought under the control of the 4. Ukrainian Front. Iván Turjanica separated from the ties of the army corps and first he started to organize the Communist Party of the Transcarpathian Ukraine (that is Zakarpatszka Ukraine and not Podkarpatszka Rusz as named locally). Then he organized the founding session of the People’s Council of Zakarpatszka Ukraine, where the delegates choosen by the comrades proclaimed Subcarpathia (or as they named Transcarpathian Ukraine) secession from Czechoslovakia and joining to the Soviet Union or for form’s sake to Soviet-Ukraine. The smooth implementation of the plan was threatened by the significant number of Hungarian and the smaller population of German minority, who did not want to join to Soviet Union. That's why Ivan Turjanica suggested for the solve this problem and intimidate the population of Subcarpathia, as well as collection of workers the \"temporary isolation of persons not enjoying the trust of the Sub-Carpathian population\" to the Military Council of the 4. Ukrainian Front. After this the Military Council of the 4. Ukrainian Front ordered in its session on the 12th of November 1944 by the top secret command No. 0036 to collection and deportation to forced labour to Soviet Union all Hungarian and German nationality men between the age of 18-50 years. In accordance with the command about 40 thousand Hungarian and a lesser extent German civilian men was deported from Subcarpathian. About 40-50 percent of deportees died because of inhuman conditions and work overclocked."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"hu","title":"A kárpátaljai magyar és német polgári lakosság tömeges elhurcolása szovjet hadifogságba (The deportation of masses of Hungarian and German civilians from Subcarpathia to Soviet prisoner of war camps)","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [29370997]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":37267655,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “A kárpátaljai magyar és német polgári lakosság tömeges elhurcolása szovjet hadifogságba (The deportation of masses of Hungarian and German civilians from Subcarpathia to Soviet prisoner of war camps)”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/37267655/mini_magick20190303-1455-1qymlg9.png?1551682597" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">A kárpátaljai magyar és német polgári lakosság tömeges elhurcolása szovjet hadifogságba (The deportation of masses of Hungarian and German civilians from Subcarpathia to Soviet prisoner of war camps)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29370997" href="https://kre.academia.edu/Zal%C3%A1nBogn%C3%A1r"><img alt="Profile image of Zalán Bognár" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/29370997/105726596/94929526/s65_zal_n.bogn_r.png" />Zalán Bognár</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">15 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 11885029; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=11885029"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The Soviet Union wanted to annex Subcarpathia (Podkarpatska Rus, which was reannexed to Hungary in March 1939, at the time of the disintegration of Czechoslovakia), because of strategic reasons after second world war. For the sake of the international recognise of annexio there was a tried and tested method, if the local population asks to join to the Soviet Union. For the conduction of this Iván Turjanica arrived in Subcarpathia in October 1944 as the political commissioner of the Czechoslovakian army corps, which fought under the control of the 4. Ukrainian Front. Iván Turjanica separated from the ties of the army corps and first he started to organize the Communist Party of the Transcarpathian Ukraine (that is Zakarpatszka Ukraine and not Podkarpatszka Rusz as named locally). Then he organized the founding session of the People’s Council of Zakarpatszka Ukraine, where the delegates choosen by the comrades proclaimed Subcarpathia (or as they named Transcarpathian Ukraine) secession from Czechoslovakia and joining to the Soviet Union or for form’s sake to Soviet-Ukraine. The smooth implementation of the plan was threatened by the significant number of Hungarian and the smaller population of German minority, who did not want to join to Soviet Union. That's why Ivan Turjanica suggested for the solve this problem and intimidate the population of Subcarpathia, as well as collection of workers the "temporary isolation of persons not enjoying the trust of the Sub-Carpathian population" to the Military Council of the 4. Ukrainian Front. After this the Military Council of the 4. Ukrainian Front ordered in its session on the 12th of November 1944 by the top secret command No. 0036 to collection and deportation to forced labour to Soviet Union all Hungarian and German nationality men between the age of 18-50 years. In accordance with the command about 40 thousand Hungarian and a lesser extent German civilian men was deported from Subcarpathian. About 40-50 percent of deportees died because of inhuman conditions and work overclocked.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":37267655,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/11885029/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_%C3%A9s_n%C3%A9met_polg%C3%A1ri_lakoss%C3%A1g_t%C3%B6meges_elhurcol%C3%A1sa_szovjet_hadifogs%C3%A1gba_The_deportation_of_masses_of_Hungarian_and_German_civilians_from_Subcarpathia_to_Soviet_prisoner_of_war_camps_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":37267655,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/11885029/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_%C3%A9s_n%C3%A9met_polg%C3%A1ri_lakoss%C3%A1g_t%C3%B6meges_elhurcol%C3%A1sa_szovjet_hadifogs%C3%A1gba_The_deportation_of_masses_of_Hungarian_and_German_civilians_from_Subcarpathia_to_Soviet_prisoner_of_war_camps_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="11885029" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. If the signup banner trigger (a 242px-high* invisible div underneath the 'See Full PDF' / 'Download PDF' buttons) // is already fully scrolled above the viewport, show the banner by default // 2. If the signup banner trigger is fully visible, show the banner // 3. If the signup banner trigger has even a few pixels scrolled below the viewport, hide the banner // // * 242px is the empirically determined height of the signup banner. It's better to be a bit taller than // necessary than too short, so it's fine that the mobile (small breakpoint) banner is shorter. // First check session storage for the signup banner's visibility state const signupBannerHidden = sessionStorage.getItem('ds-signup-banner-hidden'); if (signupBannerHidden === 'true') { return; } const signupBanner = document.querySelector('.ds-signup-banner'); const signupBannerTrigger = document.querySelector('.ds-signup-banner-trigger'); if (!signupBannerTrigger) { window.Sentry.captureMessage("Signup banner trigger not found"); return; } let footerShown = false; window.addEventListener('load', () => { const rect = signupBannerTrigger.getBoundingClientRect(); // If page loaded up already scrolled below the trigger (via scroll restoration), show the banner by default if (rect.bottom < 0) { footerShown = true; signupBanner.classList.add('ds-signup-banner-visible'); } }); // Wait for trigger to fully enter viewport before showing banner (ensures PDF CTAs are never covered by banner) const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => { entries.forEach(entry => { if (entry.isIntersecting && !footerShown) { footerShown = true; signupBanner.classList.add('ds-signup-banner-visible'); } else if (!entry.isIntersecting && footerShown) { if (signupBannerTrigger.getBoundingClientRect().bottom > 0) { footerShown = false; signupBanner.classList.remove('ds-signup-banner-visible'); } } }); }); observer.observe(signupBannerTrigger); // Set up signup banner close button event handler: const signupBannerCloseButton = document.querySelector('#ds-signup-banner-close-button'); signupBannerCloseButton.addEventListener('click', () => { signupBanner.classList.remove('ds-signup-banner-visible'); observer.unobserve(signupBannerTrigger); // Store the signup banner's visibility state in session storage sessionStorage.setItem('ds-signup-banner-hidden', 'true'); }); })();</script></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="37267655" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/11885029/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_%C3%A9s_n%C3%A9met_polg%C3%A1ri_lakoss%C3%A1g_t%C3%B6meges_elhurcol%C3%A1sa_szovjet_hadifogs%C3%A1gba_The_deportation_of_masses_of_Hungarian_and_German_civilians_from_Subcarpathia_to_Soviet_prisoner_of_war_camps_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="123732633" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123732633/Egy_humanit%C3%A1rius_csoda_anat%C3%B3mi%C3%A1ja_az_1956_os_magyar_menek%C3%BCltek_nyugati_befogad%C3%A1sa">Egy humanitárius csoda anatómiája – az 1956-os magyar menekültek nyugati befogadása</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28038738" href="https://mta.academia.edu/Guszt%C3%A1vKecsk%C3%A9sD">Gusztáv Kecskés D.</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Repository of the Academy's Library 159 2010. tél Egy humanitárius csoda anatómiája -az 1956-os magyar menekültek nyugati befogadása</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Egy humanitárius csoda anatómiája – az 1956-os magyar menekültek nyugati befogadása","attachmentId":118095759,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123732633/Egy_humanit%C3%A1rius_csoda_anat%C3%B3mi%C3%A1ja_az_1956_os_magyar_menek%C3%BCltek_nyugati_befogad%C3%A1sa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123732633/Egy_humanit%C3%A1rius_csoda_anat%C3%B3mi%C3%A1ja_az_1956_os_magyar_menek%C3%BCltek_nyugati_befogad%C3%A1sa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="118591141" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591141/Kossuth_Perczel_%C3%A9s_a_szerb_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9s_1849_m%C3%A1rcius_j%C3%BAnius">Kossuth, Perczel és a szerb kérdés : 1849. március - június</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A szabadságharc tábornokai közül egyetlen olyan személyről tudunk, akit már 1848 előtt politikai elvbarátság fűzött Kossuth Lajoshoz, s ez Perczel Mór volt. A népes Tolna megyei középnemesi családból származó Perczel rövid ideig hadapródként szolgált a cs. kir. hadsereg egyik tüzérezredében, azonban egy lengyelbarát szervezkedés miatt hadbírósági vizsgálatot indítottak ellene, s csak Pest és Tolna megye közbenjárására kapott kegyelmet. 1833-tól vett részt Tolna megye közéletében. 1836-ban szolgabíróvá választották, s a tisztújításokon a konzervatívokat pártolta. Később ugyan emlékirataiban azt állította, hogy fellépésével-amely a Bezerédj István-Csapó Dániel-féle liberális irányzat vereségét hozta-a radikális irányt akarta pártolni, ám az eredmény a konzervatívok győzelme volt. Rövidesen azonban a liberális ellenzékhez csatlakozott, s nagy vehemenciával vetette bele magát a választási küzdelmekbe. 1839-ben a követválasztásokon kitört verekedés miatt felfüggesztették főszolgabírói hivatalából, s vizsgálatot indítottak ellen. A szekszárdi vármegyeháza akkori elfoglalását később első jeles haditettének s hadvezéri képességei első megmutatkozásának mondta.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kossuth, Perczel és a szerb kérdés : 1849. március - június","attachmentId":114180819,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591141/Kossuth_Perczel_%C3%A9s_a_szerb_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9s_1849_m%C3%A1rcius_j%C3%BAnius","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591141/Kossuth_Perczel_%C3%A9s_a_szerb_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9s_1849_m%C3%A1rcius_j%C3%BAnius"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="126380119" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126380119/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyarok_%C3%B6nmagukr%C3%B3l_%C3%A9s_az_ukr%C3%A1nokr%C3%B3l">A kárpátaljai magyarok önmagukról és az ukránokról</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25226114" href="https://uz.academia.edu/Istv%C3%A1nCsernicsk%C3%B3">István Csernicskó</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nemzetpolitikai Kutatóintézet, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A kárpátaljai magyarok önmagukról és az ukránokról","attachmentId":120265385,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126380119/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyarok_%C3%B6nmagukr%C3%B3l_%C3%A9s_az_ukr%C3%A1nokr%C3%B3l","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126380119/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyarok_%C3%B6nmagukr%C3%B3l_%C3%A9s_az_ukr%C3%A1nokr%C3%B3l"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="123732632" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123732632/Az_1956_os_magyar_menek%C3%BCltek_sv%C3%A1jci_befogad%C3%A1sa">Az 1956-os magyar menekültek svájci befogadása</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28038738" href="https://mta.academia.edu/Guszt%C3%A1vKecsk%C3%A9sD">Gusztáv Kecskés D.</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Az 1956-os magyar menekültek svájci befogadása","attachmentId":118095760,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123732632/Az_1956_os_magyar_menek%C3%BCltek_sv%C3%A1jci_befogad%C3%A1sa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123732632/Az_1956_os_magyar_menek%C3%BCltek_sv%C3%A1jci_befogad%C3%A1sa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="49112609" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49112609/A_Magyar_Kir%C3%A1lyi_Honv%C3%A9ds%C3%A9g_p%C3%A1nc%C3%A9los_szervezeteinek_r%C3%A9szv%C3%A9tele_a_Szovjetuni%C3%B3_elleni_hadm%C5%B1veletekben_1941_ben">A Magyar Királyi Honvédség páncélos szervezeteinek részvétele a Szovjetunió elleni hadműveletekben, 1941-ben</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66057948" href="https://independent.academia.edu/P%C3%A9terMujzer">Péter Mujzer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Haditechnika</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">a második világháború során első ízben az 1941. évi Szovjetunió elleni támadó hadműveletben képviselte a korszerű gépesített hadviselést. A gyorshadtest kötelékében tevékenykedő gépkocsizó dandárok elsőként vetettek harcba Toldi könnyűharckocsin alapuló harckocsizászlóaljakat. A szovjet csapatok többezer km-es üldözése során néhány hónap alatt kiforrtak a magyar páncélos hadviselés elvei.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Magyar Királyi Honvédség páncélos szervezeteinek részvétele a Szovjetunió elleni hadműveletekben, 1941-ben","attachmentId":67506116,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49112609/A_Magyar_Kir%C3%A1lyi_Honv%C3%A9ds%C3%A9g_p%C3%A1nc%C3%A9los_szervezeteinek_r%C3%A9szv%C3%A9tele_a_Szovjetuni%C3%B3_elleni_hadm%C5%B1veletekben_1941_ben","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49112609/A_Magyar_Kir%C3%A1lyi_Honv%C3%A9ds%C3%A9g_p%C3%A1nc%C3%A9los_szervezeteinek_r%C3%A9szv%C3%A9tele_a_Szovjetuni%C3%B3_elleni_hadm%C5%B1veletekben_1941_ben"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="117356886" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117356886/Magyarorsz%C3%A1g_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9leti_archontol%C3%B3gi%C3%A1ja_a_szovjet_rendszerben_1945_1990_ig_An_archontology_of_Hungarys_public_life_during_the_soviet_regime">Magyarország közéleti archontológiája a szovjet rendszerben, 1945-1990-ig= An archontology of Hungary's public life during the soviet regime</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="957790" href="https://mta.academia.edu/AttilaP%C3%B3k">Attila Pók</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">OTKA Kutatási …, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A pályázat célja egy olyan adatbázis létrehozása volt, amely áttekintő képet ad a szovjet rendszerben a politikai és állami struktúráról, a magyarországi legfelső politikai elit átalakulásáról, az új elit eredetéről és összetételéről, mobilizációjáról, valamint a majd ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Magyarország közéleti archontológiája a szovjet rendszerben, 1945-1990-ig= An archontology of Hungary's public life during the soviet regime","attachmentId":113234480,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117356886/Magyarorsz%C3%A1g_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9leti_archontol%C3%B3gi%C3%A1ja_a_szovjet_rendszerben_1945_1990_ig_An_archontology_of_Hungarys_public_life_during_the_soviet_regime","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117356886/Magyarorsz%C3%A1g_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9leti_archontol%C3%B3gi%C3%A1ja_a_szovjet_rendszerben_1945_1990_ig_An_archontology_of_Hungarys_public_life_during_the_soviet_regime"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="117424845" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117424845/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_szem%C3%A9lynevek_%C3%A1t%C3%ADr%C3%A1s%C3%A1nak_%C3%A9s_haszn%C3%A1lat%C3%A1nak_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9sk%C3%B6r%C3%A9r%C5%91l">A kárpátaljai magyar személynevek átírásának és használatának kérdésköréről</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25226114" href="https://uz.academia.edu/Istv%C3%A1nCsernicsk%C3%B3">István Csernicskó</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A kárpátaljai magyar személynevek átírásának és használatának kérdésköréről","attachmentId":113285489,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117424845/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_szem%C3%A9lynevek_%C3%A1t%C3%ADr%C3%A1s%C3%A1nak_%C3%A9s_haszn%C3%A1lat%C3%A1nak_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9sk%C3%B6r%C3%A9r%C5%91l","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117424845/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_szem%C3%A9lynevek_%C3%A1t%C3%ADr%C3%A1s%C3%A1nak_%C3%A9s_haszn%C3%A1lat%C3%A1nak_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9sk%C3%B6r%C3%A9r%C5%91l"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="127171005" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/127171005/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_orsz%C3%A1gaib%C3%B3l_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gra_%C3%A1ttelep%C3%BClt_n%C3%A9pess%C3%A9g_ter%C3%BCleti_mint%C3%A1zata">A Kárpát-medence országaiból Magyarországra áttelepült népesség területi mintázata</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="278706382" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartonPeti1">Márton Péti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Területi Statisztika</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Kárpát-medence országaiból Magyarországra áttelepült népesség területi mintázata","attachmentId":120944218,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127171005/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_orsz%C3%A1gaib%C3%B3l_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gra_%C3%A1ttelep%C3%BClt_n%C3%A9pess%C3%A9g_ter%C3%BCleti_mint%C3%A1zata","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127171005/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_orsz%C3%A1gaib%C3%B3l_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gra_%C3%A1ttelep%C3%BClt_n%C3%A9pess%C3%A9g_ter%C3%BCleti_mint%C3%A1zata"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="126380113" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126380113/_Se_felr%C3%BAgni_se_elhagyni_A_magyar_nyelv_region%C3%A1lis_v%C3%A1ltozatai_%C3%A9s_a_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyarok_azonoss%C3%A1gtudata">„Se felrúgni, se elhagyni”. A magyar nyelv regionális változatai és a kárpátaljai magyarok azonosságtudata</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25226114" href="https://uz.academia.edu/Istv%C3%A1nCsernicsk%C3%B3">István Csernicskó</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"„Se felrúgni, se elhagyni”. A magyar nyelv regionális változatai és a kárpátaljai magyarok azonosságtudata","attachmentId":120265383,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126380113/_Se_felr%C3%BAgni_se_elhagyni_A_magyar_nyelv_region%C3%A1lis_v%C3%A1ltozatai_%C3%A9s_a_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyarok_azonoss%C3%A1gtudata","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126380113/_Se_felr%C3%BAgni_se_elhagyni_A_magyar_nyelv_region%C3%A1lis_v%C3%A1ltozatai_%C3%A9s_a_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyarok_azonoss%C3%A1gtudata"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="117424825" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117424825/Az_Ukrajn%C3%A1b%C3%B3l_sz%C3%A1m%C5%B1z%C3%B6tt_Lenin_Eur%C3%B3pai_%C3%BAt_a_kommunizmus_%C3%B6r%C3%B6ks%C3%A9ge_n%C3%A9lk%C3%BCl">Az Ukrajnából száműzött Lenin. Európai út a kommunizmus öröksége nélkül?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25226114" href="https://uz.academia.edu/Istv%C3%A1nCsernicsk%C3%B3">István Csernicskó</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">REGIO, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">1 Ukr. пакет декоммунізаціонних законів України; декоммунізаціонний пакет. 2 Az intézet nevében az "ukrán" jelző szerepel, s nem a semlegesebb "ukrajnai". Az intézet módszertani útmutatókat dolgoz ki a települések, utcák átnevezésére, összeállítja a tiltott személyek listáját, és egyéb javaslatokat tesz.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Az Ukrajnából száműzött Lenin. Európai út a kommunizmus öröksége nélkül?","attachmentId":113285413,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117424825/Az_Ukrajn%C3%A1b%C3%B3l_sz%C3%A1m%C5%B1z%C3%B6tt_Lenin_Eur%C3%B3pai_%C3%BAt_a_kommunizmus_%C3%B6r%C3%B6ks%C3%A9ge_n%C3%A9lk%C3%BCl","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117424825/Az_Ukrajn%C3%A1b%C3%B3l_sz%C3%A1m%C5%B1z%C3%B6tt_Lenin_Eur%C3%B3pai_%C3%BAt_a_kommunizmus_%C3%B6r%C3%B6ks%C3%A9ge_n%C3%A9lk%C3%BCl"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":37267655,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":37267655,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_37267655" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="95907845" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95907845/Felvil%C3%A1gosod%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_nemzeti_meg%C3%BAjul%C3%A1s_a_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_ruszin_kult%C3%BAr%C3%A1ban">Felvilágosodás és nemzeti megújulás a kárpátaljai ruszin kultúrában</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="63593" href="https://unideb.academia.edu/SandorFoldvari">Sándor (Alexander) Földvári</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Magyar Filozófiai Szemle [“Hungarian Philosophical Review”] ISSN 0025.0090 , 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Felvilágosodás és nemzeti megújulás a kárpátaljai ruszin kultúrában","attachmentId":97956376,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95907845/Felvil%C3%A1gosod%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_nemzeti_meg%C3%BAjul%C3%A1s_a_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_ruszin_kult%C3%BAr%C3%A1ban","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95907845/Felvil%C3%A1gosod%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_nemzeti_meg%C3%BAjul%C3%A1s_a_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_ruszin_kult%C3%BAr%C3%A1ban"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="117424834" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117424834/Az_ukrajnai_oktat%C3%A1spolitika_%C3%A9s_a_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_fels%C5%91oktat%C3%A1s">Az ukrajnai oktatáspolitika és a kárpátaljai magyar felsőoktatás</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25226114" href="https://uz.academia.edu/Istv%C3%A1nCsernicsk%C3%B3">István Csernicskó</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Az ukrajnai oktatáspolitika és a kárpátaljai magyar felsőoktatás","attachmentId":113285486,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117424834/Az_ukrajnai_oktat%C3%A1spolitika_%C3%A9s_a_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_fels%C5%91oktat%C3%A1s","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117424834/Az_ukrajnai_oktat%C3%A1spolitika_%C3%A9s_a_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1taljai_magyar_fels%C5%91oktat%C3%A1s"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="123638769" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123638769/Intim_r%C3%A9szletek_A_magyar_szociol%C3%B3gia_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9nek_hangosk%C3%B6nyve">Intim részletek. A magyar szociológia történetének hangoskönyve</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41017639" href="https://mtaki.academia.edu/G%C3%A1borEr%C3%B6ss">Gábor Eröss</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Szociologiai Szemle, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Intim részletek. A magyar szociológia történetének hangoskönyve","attachmentId":118023800,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123638769/Intim_r%C3%A9szletek_A_magyar_szociol%C3%B3gia_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9nek_hangosk%C3%B6nyve","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123638769/Intim_r%C3%A9szletek_A_magyar_szociol%C3%B3gia_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9nek_hangosk%C3%B6nyve"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="127171006" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/127171006/Nem_magyar_nemzetis%C3%A9g%C5%B1_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_%C3%A1ttelep%C3%BCl%C5%91k_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon">Nem magyar nemzetiségű Kárpát-medencei áttelepülők Magyarországon</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="278706382" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartonPeti1">Márton Péti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Demográfia</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nem magyar nemzetiségű Kárpát-medencei áttelepülők Magyarországon","attachmentId":120944219,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127171006/Nem_magyar_nemzetis%C3%A9g%C5%B1_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_%C3%A1ttelep%C3%BCl%C5%91k_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127171006/Nem_magyar_nemzetis%C3%A9g%C5%B1_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_%C3%A1ttelep%C3%BCl%C5%91k_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="126412058" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126412058/Etnikai_t%C3%A9rfolyamatok_a_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_hat%C3%A1rainkon_t%C3%BAli_r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3iban_1989_2002">Etnikai térfolyamatok a Kárpát-medence határainkon túli régióiban, 1989-2002</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100625058" href="https://independent.academia.edu/K%C3%A1rolyKocsis1">Károly Kocsis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Etnikai térfolyamatok a Kárpát-medence határainkon túli régióiban, 1989-2002","attachmentId":120292347,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126412058/Etnikai_t%C3%A9rfolyamatok_a_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_hat%C3%A1rainkon_t%C3%BAli_r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3iban_1989_2002","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126412058/Etnikai_t%C3%A9rfolyamatok_a_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_hat%C3%A1rainkon_t%C3%BAli_r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3iban_1989_2002"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="49112610" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49112610/Magyar_p%C3%A1nc%C3%A9losok_alkalmaz%C3%A1sa_a_II_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BAban_II_r%C3%A9sz">Magyar páncélosok alkalmazása a II. világháborúban II. rész</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66057948" href="https://independent.academia.edu/P%C3%A9terMujzer">Péter Mujzer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Haditechnika</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Magyar páncélosok alkalmazása a II. világháborúban II. rész","attachmentId":67506117,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49112610/Magyar_p%C3%A1nc%C3%A9losok_alkalmaz%C3%A1sa_a_II_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BAban_II_r%C3%A9sz","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49112610/Magyar_p%C3%A1nc%C3%A9losok_alkalmaz%C3%A1sa_a_II_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BAban_II_r%C3%A9sz"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="118591124" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591124/A_magyar_hadsereg_a_schwechati_csat%C3%A1ban_egy_harcrend_tanuls%C3%A1gai_A_hadrendek_%C3%A9s_harcrendek_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9neti_forr%C3%A1s%C3%A9rt%C3%A9k%C3%A9r%C5%91l">A magyar hadsereg a schwechati csatában–egy harcrend tanulságai A hadrendek és harcrendek történeti forrásértékéről</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AETAS-Történettudományi folyóirat, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A magyar hadsereg a schwechati csatában–egy harcrend tanulságai A hadrendek és harcrendek történeti forrásértékéről","attachmentId":114180858,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591124/A_magyar_hadsereg_a_schwechati_csat%C3%A1ban_egy_harcrend_tanuls%C3%A1gai_A_hadrendek_%C3%A9s_harcrendek_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9neti_forr%C3%A1s%C3%A9rt%C3%A9k%C3%A9r%C5%91l","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591124/A_magyar_hadsereg_a_schwechati_csat%C3%A1ban_egy_harcrend_tanuls%C3%A1gai_A_hadrendek_%C3%A9s_harcrendek_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9neti_forr%C3%A1s%C3%A9rt%C3%A9k%C3%A9r%C5%91l"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="118591138" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591138/El%C5%91tanulm%C3%A1ny_egy_monogr%C3%A1fi%C3%A1hoz_Varga_J%C3%A1nos_Rom%C3%A1nok_%C3%A9s_magyarok_1848_1849_ben_a_Magyar_Tudom%C3%A1nyos_Akad%C3%A9mi%C3%A1n_1991_okt%C3%B3ber_3_%C3%A1n_elhangzott_sz%C3%A9kfoglal%C3%B3_sz%C3%B6vege">Előtanulmány egy monográfiához? : Varga János : Románok és magyarok 1848-1849-ben : a Magyar Tudományos Akadémián 1991. október 3-án elhangzott székfoglaló szövege</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Előtanulmány egy monográfiához? : Varga János : Románok és magyarok 1848-1849-ben : a Magyar Tudományos Akadémián 1991. október 3-án elhangzott székfoglaló szövege","attachmentId":114180816,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591138/El%C5%91tanulm%C3%A1ny_egy_monogr%C3%A1fi%C3%A1hoz_Varga_J%C3%A1nos_Rom%C3%A1nok_%C3%A9s_magyarok_1848_1849_ben_a_Magyar_Tudom%C3%A1nyos_Akad%C3%A9mi%C3%A1n_1991_okt%C3%B3ber_3_%C3%A1n_elhangzott_sz%C3%A9kfoglal%C3%B3_sz%C3%B6vege","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591138/El%C5%91tanulm%C3%A1ny_egy_monogr%C3%A1fi%C3%A1hoz_Varga_J%C3%A1nos_Rom%C3%A1nok_%C3%A9s_magyarok_1848_1849_ben_a_Magyar_Tudom%C3%A1nyos_Akad%C3%A9mi%C3%A1n_1991_okt%C3%B3ber_3_%C3%A1n_elhangzott_sz%C3%A9kfoglal%C3%B3_sz%C3%B6vege"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="126101111" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126101111/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_fogalom_%C3%BAjj%C3%A1sz%C3%BClet%C3%A9se_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon_az_1980_as_%C3%A9vek_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9t%C5%91l">A Kárpát-medence fogalom újjászületése Magyarországon az 1980-as évek végétől</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="139432697" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Hajd%C3%BAZolt%C3%A1n">Zoltán Hajdú</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Kárpát-medence fogalom újjászületése Magyarországon az 1980-as évek végétől","attachmentId":120030313,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126101111/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_fogalom_%C3%BAjj%C3%A1sz%C3%BClet%C3%A9se_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon_az_1980_as_%C3%A9vek_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9t%C5%91l","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126101111/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_fogalom_%C3%BAjj%C3%A1sz%C3%BClet%C3%A9se_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon_az_1980_as_%C3%A9vek_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9t%C5%91l"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="118591127" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591127/Interetnikus_konfliktusok_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon_1848_1849_ben">Interetnikus konfliktusok Magyarországon 1848-1849-ben</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interetnikus konfliktusok Magyarországon 1848-1849-ben","attachmentId":114180852,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591127/Interetnikus_konfliktusok_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon_1848_1849_ben","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591127/Interetnikus_konfliktusok_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon_1848_1849_ben"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="117678338" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117678338/Adal%C3%A9kok_a_Csehszlov%C3%A1k_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g_magyar_nyelv%C5%B1_siketoktat%C3%A1s_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9hez">Adalékok a Csehszlovák Köztársaság magyar nyelvű siketoktatás-történetéhez</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="122232776" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DorottyaSzepessyn%C3%A9Judik">Dorottya Szepessyné Judik</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Eruditio - Educatio, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Adalékok a Csehszlovák Köztársaság magyar nyelvű siketoktatás-történetéhez","attachmentId":113473834,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117678338/Adal%C3%A9kok_a_Csehszlov%C3%A1k_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g_magyar_nyelv%C5%B1_siketoktat%C3%A1s_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9hez","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117678338/Adal%C3%A9kok_a_Csehszlov%C3%A1k_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g_magyar_nyelv%C5%B1_siketoktat%C3%A1s_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9hez"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="126412051" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126412051/Az_ukr%C3%A1n_magyar_hat%C3%A1rvid%C3%A9k_t%C3%A1rsadalomf%C3%B6ldrajzi_vizsg%C3%A1latai_kapcsolatrendszer_%C3%A9s_egy%C3%BCttm%C5%B1k%C3%B6d%C3%A9s_a_k%C3%A9t_orsz%C3%A1g_hat%C3%A1rmenti_t%C3%A9rs%C3%A9g%C3%A9ben_Social_geographical_study_of_the_population_of_the_Ukranian_and_Hungarian_borderland_areas_and_study_of_crossborder_cooperation">Az ukrán-magyar határvidék társadalomföldrajzi vizsgálatai, kapcsolatrendszer és együttműködés a két ország határmenti térségében = Social geographical study of the population of the Ukranian and Hungarian borderland areas and study of crossborder cooperation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100625058" href="https://independent.academia.edu/K%C3%A1rolyKocsis1">Károly Kocsis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Az ukrán-magyar határvidék társadalomföldrajzi vizsgálatai, kapcsolatrendszer és együttműködés a két ország határmenti térségében = Social geographical study of the population of the Ukranian and Hungarian borderland areas and study of crossborder cooperation","attachmentId":120292343,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126412051/Az_ukr%C3%A1n_magyar_hat%C3%A1rvid%C3%A9k_t%C3%A1rsadalomf%C3%B6ldrajzi_vizsg%C3%A1latai_kapcsolatrendszer_%C3%A9s_egy%C3%BCttm%C5%B1k%C3%B6d%C3%A9s_a_k%C3%A9t_orsz%C3%A1g_hat%C3%A1rmenti_t%C3%A9rs%C3%A9g%C3%A9ben_Social_geographical_study_of_the_population_of_the_Ukranian_and_Hungarian_borderland_areas_and_study_of_crossborder_cooperation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126412051/Az_ukr%C3%A1n_magyar_hat%C3%A1rvid%C3%A9k_t%C3%A1rsadalomf%C3%B6ldrajzi_vizsg%C3%A1latai_kapcsolatrendszer_%C3%A9s_egy%C3%BCttm%C5%B1k%C3%B6d%C3%A9s_a_k%C3%A9t_orsz%C3%A1g_hat%C3%A1rmenti_t%C3%A9rs%C3%A9g%C3%A9ben_Social_geographical_study_of_the_population_of_the_Ukranian_and_Hungarian_borderland_areas_and_study_of_crossborder_cooperation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="126101133" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126101133/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_%C3%A1llamosod%C3%A1si_t%C3%A9rfolyamatok_k%C3%A9rd%C5%91jelei_sz%C3%A9ttagol%C3%B3d%C3%A1s_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_integr%C3%A1ci%C3%B3_avagy_beolvad%C3%A1s_az_euro_atlanti_nagyt%C3%A9rs%C3%A9gi_rendszerekbe">A kárpát-medencei államosodási térfolyamatok kérdőjelei: széttagolódás, kárpát-medencei integráció, avagy beolvadás az euro-atlanti nagytérségi rendszerekbe?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="139432697" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Hajd%C3%BAZolt%C3%A1n">Zoltán Hajdú</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A kárpát-medencei államosodási térfolyamatok kérdőjelei: széttagolódás, kárpát-medencei integráció, avagy beolvadás az euro-atlanti nagytérségi rendszerekbe?","attachmentId":120030281,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126101133/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_%C3%A1llamosod%C3%A1si_t%C3%A9rfolyamatok_k%C3%A9rd%C5%91jelei_sz%C3%A9ttagol%C3%B3d%C3%A1s_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_integr%C3%A1ci%C3%B3_avagy_beolvad%C3%A1s_az_euro_atlanti_nagyt%C3%A9rs%C3%A9gi_rendszerekbe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126101133/A_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_%C3%A1llamosod%C3%A1si_t%C3%A9rfolyamatok_k%C3%A9rd%C5%91jelei_sz%C3%A9ttagol%C3%B3d%C3%A1s_k%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_integr%C3%A1ci%C3%B3_avagy_beolvad%C3%A1s_az_euro_atlanti_nagyt%C3%A9rs%C3%A9gi_rendszerekbe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="118409611" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118409611/Az_Orsz%C3%A1gos_Magyar_P%C3%A1rt_%C3%A9s_az_erd%C3%A9lyi_paraszts%C3%A1g_viszonya_sajt%C3%B3kamp%C3%A1ny_%C3%A9s_ennek_eredm%C3%A9nyess%C3%A9ge_a_k%C3%A9t_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_k%C3%B6z%C3%B6tti_magyar_falusi_k%C3%B6z%C3%B6ss%C3%A9gekben">Az Országos Magyar Párt és az erdélyi parasztság viszonya: sajtókampány és ennek eredményessége a két világháború közötti magyar falusi közösségekben</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15418092" href="https://ubbcluj.academia.edu/TothSzil%C3%A1rd">Toth Szilárd</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Certamen, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Az Országos Magyar Párt és az erdélyi parasztság viszonya: sajtókampány és ennek eredményessége a két világháború közötti magyar falusi közösségekben","attachmentId":114043878,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118409611/Az_Orsz%C3%A1gos_Magyar_P%C3%A1rt_%C3%A9s_az_erd%C3%A9lyi_paraszts%C3%A1g_viszonya_sajt%C3%B3kamp%C3%A1ny_%C3%A9s_ennek_eredm%C3%A9nyess%C3%A9ge_a_k%C3%A9t_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_k%C3%B6z%C3%B6tti_magyar_falusi_k%C3%B6z%C3%B6ss%C3%A9gekben","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118409611/Az_Orsz%C3%A1gos_Magyar_P%C3%A1rt_%C3%A9s_az_erd%C3%A9lyi_paraszts%C3%A1g_viszonya_sajt%C3%B3kamp%C3%A1ny_%C3%A9s_ennek_eredm%C3%A9nyess%C3%A9ge_a_k%C3%A9t_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_k%C3%B6z%C3%B6tti_magyar_falusi_k%C3%B6z%C3%B6ss%C3%A9gekben"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="118591126" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591126/A_n%C3%A9pfelkel%C3%A9s_1848_ban">A népfelkelés 1848-ban</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Hadtudományi Szemle, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A népfelkelés 1848-ban","attachmentId":114180850,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591126/A_n%C3%A9pfelkel%C3%A9s_1848_ban","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591126/A_n%C3%A9pfelkel%C3%A9s_1848_ban"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="126412049" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126412049/Magyarorsz%C3%A1g_etnikai_f%C3%B6ldrajza_%C3%A9s_a_recens_etnikai_t%C3%A9rfolyamatok_vizsg%C3%A1lata_a_szomsz%C3%A9dos_orsz%C3%A1gokban_Ethnic_geography_of_Hungary_and_the_study_of_the_recent_ethnic_spatial_processes_in_the_neighbouring_counties">Magyarország etnikai földrajza és a recens etnikai térfolyamatok vizsgálata a szomszédos országokban = Ethnic geography of Hungary and the study of the recent ethnic-spatial processes in the neighbouring counties</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100625058" href="https://independent.academia.edu/K%C3%A1rolyKocsis1">Károly Kocsis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Magyarország etnikai földrajza és a recens etnikai térfolyamatok vizsgálata a szomszédos országokban = Ethnic geography of Hungary and the study of the recent ethnic-spatial processes in the neighbouring counties","attachmentId":120292340,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126412049/Magyarorsz%C3%A1g_etnikai_f%C3%B6ldrajza_%C3%A9s_a_recens_etnikai_t%C3%A9rfolyamatok_vizsg%C3%A1lata_a_szomsz%C3%A9dos_orsz%C3%A1gokban_Ethnic_geography_of_Hungary_and_the_study_of_the_recent_ethnic_spatial_processes_in_the_neighbouring_counties","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126412049/Magyarorsz%C3%A1g_etnikai_f%C3%B6ldrajza_%C3%A9s_a_recens_etnikai_t%C3%A9rfolyamatok_vizsg%C3%A1lata_a_szomsz%C3%A9dos_orsz%C3%A1gokban_Ethnic_geography_of_Hungary_and_the_study_of_the_recent_ethnic_spatial_processes_in_the_neighbouring_counties"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="49112608" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49112608/A_2_p%C3%A1nc%C3%A9loshadoszt%C3%A1ly_hadm%C5%B1veletei_Gal%C3%ADci%C3%A1ban_1944_ben_II_r%C3%A9sz">A 2. páncéloshadosztály hadműveletei Galíciában, 1944-ben II. rész</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66057948" href="https://independent.academia.edu/P%C3%A9terMujzer">Péter Mujzer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Haditechnika</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A 2. páncéloshadosztály hadműveletei Galíciában, 1944-ben II. rész","attachmentId":67506115,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49112608/A_2_p%C3%A1nc%C3%A9loshadoszt%C3%A1ly_hadm%C5%B1veletei_Gal%C3%ADci%C3%A1ban_1944_ben_II_r%C3%A9sz","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49112608/A_2_p%C3%A1nc%C3%A9loshadoszt%C3%A1ly_hadm%C5%B1veletei_Gal%C3%ADci%C3%A1ban_1944_ben_II_r%C3%A9sz"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="117424835" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117424835/A_magyar_nyelv_Ukrajn%C3%A1ban_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talj%C3%A1n_">A magyar nyelv Ukrajnában (Kárpátalján)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25226114" href="https://uz.academia.edu/Istv%C3%A1nCsernicsk%C3%B3">István Csernicskó</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A magyar nyelv Ukrajnában (Kárpátalján)","attachmentId":113285497,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117424835/A_magyar_nyelv_Ukrajn%C3%A1ban_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talj%C3%A1n_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117424835/A_magyar_nyelv_Ukrajn%C3%A1ban_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talj%C3%A1n_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="118591120" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591120/Programvita_%C3%A9s_obszcenit%C3%A1s_Andr%C3%A1ssy_Gyula_gr%C3%B3f_%C3%A9s_Dessewffy_Emil_gr%C3%B3f_politiko_pornografikus_verses_%C3%BCzenetv%C3%A1lt%C3%A1sa_1848_elej%C3%A9n">Programvita és obszcenitás-Andrássy Gyula gróf és Dessewffy Emil gróf politiko-pornografikus verses üzenetváltása 1848 elején</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AETAS-Történettudományi folyóirat, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Programvita és obszcenitás-Andrássy Gyula gróf és Dessewffy Emil gróf politiko-pornografikus verses üzenetváltása 1848 elején","attachmentId":114180847,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591120/Programvita_%C3%A9s_obszcenit%C3%A1s_Andr%C3%A1ssy_Gyula_gr%C3%B3f_%C3%A9s_Dessewffy_Emil_gr%C3%B3f_politiko_pornografikus_verses_%C3%BCzenetv%C3%A1lt%C3%A1sa_1848_elej%C3%A9n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591120/Programvita_%C3%A9s_obszcenit%C3%A1s_Andr%C3%A1ssy_Gyula_gr%C3%B3f_%C3%A9s_Dessewffy_Emil_gr%C3%B3f_politiko_pornografikus_verses_%C3%BCzenetv%C3%A1lt%C3%A1sa_1848_elej%C3%A9n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="127170991" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/127170991/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_magyars%C3%A1g_n%C3%A9pess%C3%A9g_el%C5%91resz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%A1sa_2011_2051">A Kárpát-medencei magyarság népesség-előreszámítása, 2011-2051</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="278706382" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartonPeti1">Márton Péti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Demográfia, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Kárpát-medencei magyarság népesség-előreszámítása, 2011-2051","attachmentId":120944213,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127170991/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_magyars%C3%A1g_n%C3%A9pess%C3%A9g_el%C5%91resz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%A1sa_2011_2051","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127170991/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_magyars%C3%A1g_n%C3%A9pess%C3%A9g_el%C5%91resz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%A1sa_2011_2051"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="126412050" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126412050/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_Pannon_t%C3%A9rs%C3%A9g_orsz%C3%A1gainak_etnikai_f%C3%B6ldrajza_%C3%A9s_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9pez%C3%A9se_Ethnic_geography_and_cartography_of_the_countries_in_the_Carpatho_Pannonian_area">A Kárpát-Pannon térség országainak etnikai földrajza és térképezése = Ethnic geography and cartography of the countries in the Carpatho-Pannonian area</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100625058" href="https://independent.academia.edu/K%C3%A1rolyKocsis1">Károly Kocsis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Kárpát-Pannon térség országainak etnikai földrajza és térképezése = Ethnic geography and cartography of the countries in the Carpatho-Pannonian area","attachmentId":120292341,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126412050/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_Pannon_t%C3%A9rs%C3%A9g_orsz%C3%A1gainak_etnikai_f%C3%B6ldrajza_%C3%A9s_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9pez%C3%A9se_Ethnic_geography_and_cartography_of_the_countries_in_the_Carpatho_Pannonian_area","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126412050/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_Pannon_t%C3%A9rs%C3%A9g_orsz%C3%A1gainak_etnikai_f%C3%B6ldrajza_%C3%A9s_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9pez%C3%A9se_Ethnic_geography_and_cartography_of_the_countries_in_the_Carpatho_Pannonian_area"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="127170997" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/127170997/Hogy_%C3%A9lnek_a_magyarok_A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_magyars%C3%A1g_%C3%A9letmin%C5%91s%C3%A9g%C3%A9nek_%C3%A1tfog%C3%B3_vizsg%C3%A1lata_How_Do_Hungarians_Live_A_Comprehensive_Study_on_the_Quality_of_Life_of_the_Hungarians_in_the_Carpathian_Basin">Hogy élnek a magyarok? A Kárpát-medencei magyarság életminőségének átfogó vizsgálata • How Do Hungarians Live? A Comprehensive Study on the Quality of Life of the Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="278706382" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartonPeti1">Márton Péti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hogy élnek a magyarok? A Kárpát-medencei magyarság életminőségének átfogó vizsgálata • How Do Hungarians Live? A Comprehensive Study on the Quality of Life of the Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin","attachmentId":120944181,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127170997/Hogy_%C3%A9lnek_a_magyarok_A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_magyars%C3%A1g_%C3%A9letmin%C5%91s%C3%A9g%C3%A9nek_%C3%A1tfog%C3%B3_vizsg%C3%A1lata_How_Do_Hungarians_Live_A_Comprehensive_Study_on_the_Quality_of_Life_of_the_Hungarians_in_the_Carpathian_Basin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127170997/Hogy_%C3%A9lnek_a_magyarok_A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medencei_magyars%C3%A1g_%C3%A9letmin%C5%91s%C3%A9g%C3%A9nek_%C3%A1tfog%C3%B3_vizsg%C3%A1lata_How_Do_Hungarians_Live_A_Comprehensive_Study_on_the_Quality_of_Life_of_the_Hungarians_in_the_Carpathian_Basin"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="22" data-entity-id="127010186" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/127010186/Seg%C3%ADts%C3%A9gny%C3%BAjt%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_kultur%C3%A1lis_transzfer_az_orosz_ukr%C3%A1n_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_idej%C3%A9n_az_ELTE_BTK_Ukr%C3%A1n_Filol%C3%B3giai_Tansz%C3%A9k_oktat%C3%B3inak_tapasztalata_alapj%C3%A1n">Segítségnyújtás és kulturális transzfer az orosz–ukrán háború idején – az ELTE BTK Ukrán Filológiai Tanszék oktatóinak tapasztalata alapján</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23229227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Vikt%C3%B3riaLebovics">Viktória Lebovics</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Segítségnyújtás és kulturális transzfer az orosz–ukrán háború idején – az ELTE BTK Ukrán Filológiai Tanszék oktatóinak tapasztalata alapján","attachmentId":120805510,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127010186/Seg%C3%ADts%C3%A9gny%C3%BAjt%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_kultur%C3%A1lis_transzfer_az_orosz_ukr%C3%A1n_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_idej%C3%A9n_az_ELTE_BTK_Ukr%C3%A1n_Filol%C3%B3giai_Tansz%C3%A9k_oktat%C3%B3inak_tapasztalata_alapj%C3%A1n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127010186/Seg%C3%ADts%C3%A9gny%C3%BAjt%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_kultur%C3%A1lis_transzfer_az_orosz_ukr%C3%A1n_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_idej%C3%A9n_az_ELTE_BTK_Ukr%C3%A1n_Filol%C3%B3giai_Tansz%C3%A9k_oktat%C3%B3inak_tapasztalata_alapj%C3%A1n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="23" data-entity-id="119889131" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/119889131/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_etnikai_t%C3%A9rszerkezet%C3%A9nek_v%C3%A1ltoz%C3%A1sai_a_rendszerv%C3%A1lt%C3%A1st_k%C3%B6vet%C5%91en">A Kárpát-medence etnikai térszerkezetének változásai a rendszerváltást követően</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19295183" href="https://mtafki.academia.edu/PatrikT%C3%A1trai">Patrik Tátrai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Kárpát-medence etnikai térszerkezetének változásai a rendszerváltást követően","attachmentId":115203262,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119889131/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_etnikai_t%C3%A9rszerkezet%C3%A9nek_v%C3%A1ltoz%C3%A1sai_a_rendszerv%C3%A1lt%C3%A1st_k%C3%B6vet%C5%91en","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/119889131/A_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t_medence_etnikai_t%C3%A9rszerkezet%C3%A9nek_v%C3%A1ltoz%C3%A1sai_a_rendszerv%C3%A1lt%C3%A1st_k%C3%B6vet%C5%91en"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="24" data-entity-id="51616103" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51616103/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja_turisztikai_vonzer%C5%91inek_nyelvi_t%C3%A1jk%C3%A9pe">Kárpátalja turisztikai vonzerőinek nyelvi tájképe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25017233" href="https://uz.academia.edu/Zolt%C3%A1nKarmacsi">Zoltán Karmacsi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Metszetek</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kárpátalja turisztikai vonzerőinek nyelvi tájképe","attachmentId":69262829,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51616103/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja_turisztikai_vonzer%C5%91inek_nyelvi_t%C3%A1jk%C3%A9pe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51616103/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja_turisztikai_vonzer%C5%91inek_nyelvi_t%C3%A1jk%C3%A9pe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="13120" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisoners_of_War">Prisoners of War</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div> </body> </html>