CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8">  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Images/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <title>Leibniz Association: Paradoxical bitter taste?</title> <meta name="generator" content="TYPO3 CMS" /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> <meta name="description" content="A bitter taste often warns us of potentially harmful substances. However, not everything that tastes bitter is harmful. But why is that? " /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Paradoxical bitter taste?" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.leibniz-gemeinschaft.de/en/about-us/whats-new/news/forschungsnachrichten-single/newsdetails/bitter-ist-nicht-gleich-schaedlich" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.leibniz-gemeinschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Bilder_und_Downloads/Neues/Startseite/2024/bitter-ist-nicht-gleich-sch%C3%A4dlich.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="962" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="641" /> <meta property="og:description" content="A bitter taste often warns us of potentially harmful substances. However, not everything that tastes bitter is harmful. But why is that? " /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/typo3conf/ext/news/Resources/Public/Css/news-basic.css?1626947752" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Css/lib.css?1729071134" media="screen"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Css/app.css?1729068138" media="screen"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Css/custom.css?1731333008" media="screen"> <script src="/typo3temp/assets/js/e9e07c5ca0.js?1728795051"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function openUrl(e) { window.location.href='https://www.leibniz-gemeinschaft.de' + e.value; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.leibniz-gemeinschaft.de/en/about-us/whats-new/news/forschungsnachrichten-single/newsdetails/bitter-ist-nicht-gleich-schaedlich"/> </head> <body class="layout-page-generic-single bg-haze theme-gumleaf "> <div id="page"> <header class="page-partial" id="page-header"> <nav class="desktop-layer-outer" aria-label="Metanavigation"> <div class="desktop-layer-inner layer"> <div class="layer-upper wrap-last pt-xs bg-lite"> <div class="menu-meta desktop-meta frame d-none d-block__l" role="navigation" aria-label="Sekundaer"> <nav class="menu-meta sans-m2 strong" aria-label="Sekundaer"> <ul class="chain-xs jc-end"> <li> <a href="/ueber-uns/neues/forschungsnachrichten/forschungsnachrichten-single/newsdetails/bitter-ist-nicht-gleich-schaedlich" hreflang="en-US" title="deutsch"> Deutsch </a> </li> <li><a href="/en/about-us/organisation/headquarters/contact-persons">Contact</a></li><li><a href="/en/careers/jobs">Jobs</a></li> <li> <button class="search-toggle" type="button" aria-label="Suchefunktion 脰ffnen" aria-controls="search-layer" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="icon icon-s" aria-hidden=true> <svg><use xlink:href="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Images/icons.svg#icon-search-s"></use></svg> </span> </button> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="menu-main frame d-flex ai-start pb-xs pb-0__l rel"> <a class="link-outer logo d-flex ai-center" href="/en"> <div class="logo-inner"> <img class="lazyload" style="height: 100px; width: 125px" src="/fileadmin/user_upload/Leibniz__Logo_EN_Black_500px.svg" alt="Leibniz Gemeinschaft Startseite"> </div> </a> </div> <div class="phablet-meta frame-right d-none__l fix-tr d-flex jc-end py-xs"> <button class="phablet-toggle ml-auto fx-0-0" type="button" aria-label="Men眉枚ffnen und schlie脽en" aria-controls="menu-phablet-outer" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="bars" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="layer-lower d-none d-block__l" id="menu-desktop"> <div class="aspect" style="background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.17); --aspect: 0.5;"> <div class="a-center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="sidebar-layer" id="menu-sidebar" aria-label="Sidebar Man眉"></nav> <nav class="phablet-layer layer d-none__l fix bg-scirocco fg-lite" id="menu-phablet-outer" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="menu-head frame d-flex ai-start py-xs rel"> <a class="link-outer logo d-flex ai-center" href="/en"> <div class="logo-inner"> <img class="lazyload" style="height: 100px; width: 125px" src="/fileadmin/user_upload/ARCHIV_downloads/ARCHIV_Presse_copy/Leibniz-Logos/Leibniz__Logo_EN_Negative_500px.svg" alt="Leibniz Gemeinschaft Startseite"> </div> </a> </div> <div class="frame-right fix-tr d-flex jc-end py-xs"> <button class="phablet-toggle ml-auto fx-0-0" type="button" aria-label="Men眉枚ffnen und schlie脽en" aria-controls="menu-phablet-outer" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="bars" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </div> <div class="menu-main" id="menu-phablet" role="region"> <div class="hold" style="background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.17); padding-bottom: 200%;"> <div class="abs-trbl d-flex jc-center ai-center"> <div class="a-center"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-foot fg-lite py-m"> <nav class="menu-meta sans-m2 strong jc-center" aria-label="Meta Navigation"> <ul class="chain-xs jc-center"> <li> <a href="/ueber-uns/neues/forschungsnachrichten/forschungsnachrichten-single/newsdetails/bitter-ist-nicht-gleich-schaedlich" hreflang="en-US" title="deutsch"> Deutsch </a> </li> <li><a href="/en/about-us/organisation/headquarters/contact-persons">Contact</a></li><li><a href="/en/careers/jobs">Jobs</a></li> <li> <button class="search-toggle" type="button" aria-label="Suchefunktion 脰ffnen" aria-controls="search-layer" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="icon icon-s" aria-hidden=true> <svg><use xlink:href="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Images/icons.svg#icon-search-s"></use></svg> </span> </button> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </nav> <div class="modal frame py-xs bg-scirocco fg-lite" id="search-layer" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="search-close modal-toggle d-flex jc-end"> <button class="search-toggle" type="button" aria-label="Suche Schlie脽en" id="xkdn6cq" aria-controls="search-layer" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="bars" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </div> <section class="listing-flow stack-ml"> <form method="post" class="search-form sans-h3 fg-lite strong" action="/en/suche?tx_indexedsearch_pi2%5Baction%5D=search&tx_indexedsearch_pi2%5Bcontroller%5D=Search&cHash=e472e3816b6dc90dd8d32d98d5a0601a"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[__referrer][@extension]" value="IndexedSearch" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[__referrer][@controller]" value="Search" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[__referrer][@action]" value="form" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[__referrer][arguments]" value="YTowOnt92e7ecf035c48de264ef8bfd673a94c4ea28fda94" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[__referrer][@request]" value="{"@extension":"IndexedSearch","@controller":"Search","@action":"form"}162ee2a5af35c3a29bc410bf718575d89b12c56f" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[__trustedProperties]" value="{"search":{"_sections":1,"_freeIndexUid":1,"pointer":1,"ext":1,"searchType":1,"defaultOperand":1,"mediaType":1,"sortOrder":1,"group":1,"languageUid":1,"desc":1,"numberOfResults":1,"extendedSearch":1,"sword":1,"submitButton":1}}3eb7d314408398c39a83c7a690aa98a7fc4ef9a9" /> </div> <div class="vhide"> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][_sections]" value="0" /> <input id="sitesearch_freeIndexUid" type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][_freeIndexUid]" value="_" /> <input id="sitesearch_pointer" type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][pointer]" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][ext]" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][searchType]" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][defaultOperand]" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][mediaType]" value="-1" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][sortOrder]" value="rank_flag" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][group]" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][languageUid]" value="1" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][desc]" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][numberOfResults]" value="10" /> <input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][extendedSearch]" value="" /> </div> <label for="tx-indexedsearch-searchbox-sword-layer" class="vhide" id="searchfield-label">Search for:</label> <input aria-labelledby="searchfield-label" placeholder="What are you looking for?" class="search-input" id="tx-indexedsearch-searchbox-sword-layer" type="text" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][sword]" value="" /> <button aria-label="Suche durchf眉hren" class="search-submit" type="submit" name="tx_indexedsearch_pi2[search][submitButton]" value="Search"> <span class="icon icon-m" aria-hidden=true style="display:block;"> <svg><use xlink:href="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Images/icons.svg#icon-search-m"></use></svg> </span> </button> </form> <p class="noResults">No results found.</p> </section> </div> </header> <main class="wrap-last bg-lite" id="page-main"> <div id="page-main-bg"></div> <div class="frame clip" id="page-main-fg"> <div class="breadcrumb py-xs"><nav class="sans-m2 strong" aria-label="Breadcrumb"><a href="/en/" class="link">Leibniz Association</a><span class="spacer">></span><a href="/en/about-us/about-the-leibniz-association" class="link">About us</a><span class="spacer">></span><a href="/en/about-us/whats-new" class="link">What's new</a><span class="spacer">></span><a href="/en/about-us/whats-new/news" class="link">News</a></nav></div>  <div class="stack-xxl ">   <div class="bg-lite pt-ml"><div class="span-content-left stack-xl"><div class="stack-ml"><div class="article-headings stack-s"><div class="stack-xxs"><h1 class="sans-h2">Paradoxical bitter taste?</h1></div></div><div class="article-content-figure"><figure class="img"><img alt="Half a grapefruit" src="/fileadmin/_processed_/2/3/csm_bitter-ist-nicht-gleich-sch%C3%A4dlich_1d444ccd50.jpg" width="962" height="541" /><figcaption class="mono-i1">Photo 艁UKASZ RAWA/UNSPLASH</figcaption></figure></div><div class="article-headings stack-s"><h3 class="sans-h5">A bitter taste often warns us of potentially harmful substances. However, not everything that tastes bitter is harmful. But why is that? </h3><p class="mono-i1">07/23/2024 路 HP-Topnews 路 Leibniz-Institut f眉r Lebensmittel-Systembiologie an der Technischen Universit盲t M眉nchen 路 Lebenswissenschaften 路 Forschungsergebnis</p></div></div><div class="stack-ml"><div class="plain-txt"><p>A bitter taste is traditionally considered a warning sign of potentially toxic substances. But not all bitter substances are harmful. For example, some peptides and free amino acids taste bitter, even though they are non-toxic, nutritious and sometimes even vital for humans. A new study by the Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich now offers the first explanation for this seemingly paradoxical phenomenon.</p><p>In general, our sense of taste helps us to make food choices. Of the five basic tastes, sweet and umami indicate that a food is rich in energy and nutritious. Our sense of salt helps us to keep our electrolyte balance in equilibrium. Sour flavors can warn us of unripe or spoiled food, bitter ones of potentially toxic substances.</p><p>In view of numerous toxic plant substances such as strychnine from nux vomica or hydrogen cyanide from manioc, this seems to make sense. And it is also plausible that babies and toddlers in particular reject bitter foods. Even small amounts of such toxic substances are harmful to them.</p><h6>Protein Fragments as Bitter as Gall</h6><p>However, not everything that tastes bitter is dangerous, but can actually be nutritious. An interdisciplinary research team led by molecular biologist Maik Behrens has now investigated the reasons for this seemingly contradictory phenomenon for the first time.</p><p>Using an established cellular test system, the Leibniz team discovered that five of the approximately 25 human bitter taste receptor types react to free amino acids and peptides as well as to bile acids. The former are produced during the breakdown of proteins and are abundant in fermented foods such as cream cheese or protein shakes. Bile acids, on the other hand, play virtually no role as a food component, but fulfill their own functions in the body. They could therefore be considered as activators of endogenous bitter receptors, which are located on intestinal and blood cells, for example.</p><h6>Explanation: Similar Structural Features</h6><p>鈥淚nterestingly, our modeling experiments show that a certain bitter-tasting peptide can adopt a functionally active 3D shape similar to that of bile acids inside the receptor binding pocket. This coincidental similarity could explain why the same set of the bitter taste receptors react to both groups of substances," explains bioinformatician Antonella Di Pizio.</p><p>First author Silvia Sch盲fer adds: "Our genetic analyses also show that the ability to recognize both bile acids and peptides is highly conserved in three of the bitter taste receptor types and can be traced back to amphibians. This again indicates that at least the recognition of one of the two substance groups is important across species."</p><p>"Bile acids and bitter taste receptors existed millions of years before the typical bitter substances of today's flowering plants and long before humans - in fish, for example. This supports the hypothesis that bitter taste receptors originally also regulated important physiological processes and not just warned against toxic substances," explains principal investigator Maik Behrens. "Our findings provide new insights into the complex systems of taste perception and suggest that bitter receptors play additional, as yet unknown roles in human health that go beyond their function in food selection."</p><h6><strong>Publication</strong></h6><p>Schaefer, S., Ziegler, F., Lang, T., Steuer, A., Di Pizio, A., and Behrens, M. (2024). Membrane-bound chemoreception of bitter bile acids and peptides is mediated by the same subset of bitter taste receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 81, 217. 10.1007/s00018-024-05202-6. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096235/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096235/</a></p><h6>Further information and contact</h6><p><a href="https://www.leibniz-lsb.de/en/press-public-relations/pm-20240722-press-release-bitter-bile-acids-amino-acids" target="_blank" class="external" rel="noreferrer">Presse release - Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (LSB)</a></p></div></div></div></div>  </div>  </div> </main> <footer class="page-partial" id="page-footer"> <div class="wrap-last bg-dark frame"> <div class="page-footer-inner fg-lite py-xs py-s__m py-ml__l d-flex ai-center"> <nav class="site-links" aria-label=""> <a class="link-outer logo d-flex ai-center" href="/en"> <img class="lazyload mr-m__l" style="height: 100px; width: 125px" src="/fileadmin/user_upload/ARCHIV_downloads/ARCHIV_Presse_copy/Leibniz-Logos/Leibniz__Logo_EN_Negative_500px.svg" alt="Leibniz Gemeinschaft Startseite"> </a> </nav> <nav class="menu-meta sans-m2 strong" aria-label="Footer Navigation" ><ul class="chain-s d-flex" style="align-items:center"><li><a href="/en/privacy-statement">Privacy Statement</a></li><li><a href="/en/legal-notice">Legal notice</a></li><li><a href="/rss.xml" target="_blank">RSS</a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@leibniz-gemeinschaft" class="icon-only" target="_blank" aria-label="YouTube-Kanal von der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft"> <img width="25" src="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Images/YouTube-Icon-weiss.svg" /></a></li><li><a href="https://x.com/leibnizwgl" class="icon-only" target="_blank" aria-label="X Feed von der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft"> <img width="18" src="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Images/x-Icon-weiss.svg" /></a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/leibnizgemeinschaft/" class="icon-only" target="_blank" aria-label="Instagram von der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft"> <img width="20" src="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Images/Instagram-Icon-weiss.svg" /></a></li><li><a href="https://de-de.facebook.com/LeibnizGemeinschaft/" class="icon-only" target="_blank" aria-label="Facebook Seite von Leibniz-Gemeinschaft"> <img width="20" src="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Images/Facebook-Icon-weiss.svg" /></a></li><li><a href="https://de.linkedin.com/company/leibniz-gemeinschaft" class="icon-only" target="_blank" aria-label="LinkedIn Seite von Leibniz-Gemeinschaft"> <img width="20" src="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Images/Linkedln-Icon-weiss.svg" /></a></li></ul></nav> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div id="over"></div> <script> window.iconsSvg = "/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/Images/icons.svg"; window.miniLogo = {"src":"/fileadmin/_processed_/c/6/csm_logo2x_dad4a586ec.png","src2":"/fileadmin/_processed_/c/6/csm_logo2x_dad4a586ec.png","srcSet":"/fileadmin/_processed_/c/6/csm_logo2x_dad4a586ec.png 77w, fileadmin/_processed_/c/6/csm_logo2x_dad4a586ec.png 154w","width":77,"height":60}; window.siteTree =[{"content":"About us","id":"47","url": "/en/about-us","children": [{"content":"About the Leibniz Association","id":"218","url": "/en/about-us/about-the-leibniz-association","children": []},{"content":"What's new","id":"52","url": "/en/about-us/whats-new","children": [{"content":"News","id":"387","url": "/en/about-us/whats-new/news","children": []},{"content":"Media center","id":"170","url": "/en/about-us/whats-new/media-center","children": [{"content":"Publications","id":"171","url": "/en/about-us/whats-new/media-center/publications",},{"content":"Leibniz blogs","id":"205","url": "/en/about-us/whats-new/leibniz-blogs","children": []},{"content":"Videos","id":"173","url": "/en/about-us/whats-new/media-center/videos",}]}]},{"content":"Organisation","id":"53","url": "/en/about-us/organisation","children": [{"content":"President","id":"2069","url": "/en/about-us/organisation/president","children": []},{"content":"The Secretary General","id":"321","url": "/en/about-us/organisation/the-secretary-general","children": []},{"content":"Bodies","id":"154","url": "/en/about-us/organisation/bodies","children": []},{"content":"Committees","id":"153","url": "/en/about-us/organisation/committees","children": []},{"content":"Headquarters","id":"155","url": "/en/about-us/organisation/headquarters","children": [{"content":"Contact Persons","id":"216","url": "/en/about-us/organisation/headquarters/contact-persons","children": []},{"content":"Directions","id":"307","url": "/en/about-us/organisation/headquarters/directions","children": []}]},{"content":"Meeting rooms","id":"262","url": "/en/about-us/organisation/meeting-rooms","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz in Figures","id":"411","url": "/en/about-us/organisation/leibniz-in-figures","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz documents","id":"2813","url": "/en/about-us/organisation/leibniz-documents","children": []}]},{"content":"Strategy and Science Policy","id":"99","url": "/en/about-us/strategy-and-science-policy","children": [{"content":"Joint Initiative for Research and Innovation","id":"178","url": "/en/about-us/strategy-and-science-policy/joint-initiative-for-research-and-innovation","children": []},{"content":"Alliance of Science Organisations in Germany","id":"180","url": "/en/about-us/strategy-and-science-policy/alliance-of-science-organisations-in-germany","children": []},{"content":"Strategy Forums","id":"181","url": "/en/about-us/strategy-and-science-policy/strategy-forums","children": []}]},{"content":"History","id":"104","url": "/en/about-us/history","children": [{"content":"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz","id":"107","url": "/en/about-us/history/gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz","children": []},{"content":"History of the Leibniz Association","id":"105","url": "/en/about-us/history/history-of-the-leibniz-association","children": []},{"content":"Chausseestra脽e 111","id":"106","url": "/en/about-us/history/chausseestrasse-111","children": []}]},{"content":"Europe Office","id":"343","url": "/en/about-us/europe-office","children": [{"content":"ERC","id":"402","url": "/en/about-us/europe-office/erc","children": [{"content":"ERC Grantees","id":"2581","url": "/en/about-us/europe-office/erc/erc-grantees","children": []}]},{"content":"Directions","id":"424","url": "/en/about-us/europe-office/directions","children": []}]},{"content":"International","id":"54","url": "/en/about-us/international","children": [{"content":"The Leibniz Association鈥檚 international presence","id":"110","url": "/en/about-us/international/the-leibniz-associations-international-presence","children": []},{"content":"Capacity building and science diplomacy","id":"111","url": "/en/about-us/international/capacity-building-and-science-diplomacy","children": []},{"content":"Key regions","id":"109","url": "/en/about-us/international/key-regions","children": []},{"content":"International cooperation and career opportunities","id":"113","url": "/en/about-us/international/international-cooperation-and-career-opportunities","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Chairs","id":"1004","url": "/en/ueber-uns/international/leibniz-chairs","children": []}]},{"content":"Evaluation","id":"158","url": "/en/about-us/evaluation","children": [{"content":"The Evaluation Procedure","id":"55","url": "/en/about-us/evaluation/the-evaluation-procedure","children": [{"content":"Senate statements","id":"116","url": "/en/about-us/evaluation/the-evaluation-procedure/senate-statements","children": []}]},{"content":"Quality assurance by Scientific Advisory Boards at Leibniz institutions","id":"159","url": "/en/about-us/evaluation/quality-assurance-by-scientific-advisory-boards-at-leibniz-institutions","children": []}]},{"content":"Leibniz Integrity","id":"920","url": "/en/about-us/leibniz-integrity","children": [{"content":"Guiding Principles for our Actions","id":"921","url": "/en/about-us/leibniz-integrity/guiding-principles-for-our-actions","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Integrity Advisory Board","id":"2016","url": "/en/about-us/leibniz-integrity/leibniz-integrity-advisory-board","children": []},{"content":"Good scientific practice and ombuds services","id":"103","url": "/en/about-us/leibniz-integrity/good-scientific-practice-and-ombuds-services","children": []},{"content":"Research ethics","id":"102","url": "/en/about-us/leibniz-integrity/research-ethics","children": []},{"content":"Animal experiments","id":"182","url": "/en/about-us/leibniz-integrity/animal-experiments","children": []},{"content":"Guide for dealing with conflict","id":"922","url": "/en/about-us/leibniz-integrity/guide-for-dealing-with-conflict","children": [{"content":"Leibniz Advice Centre","id":"1019","url": "/en/about-us/leibniz-integrity/guide-for-dealing-with-conflict/advice-centre-for-conflict-guidance-and-prevention","children": []}]}]},{"content":"Equal opportunities and gender equality","id":"101","url": "/en/about-us/equal-opportunities-and-gender-equality","children": [{"content":"Guidelines and processes","id":"461","url": "/en/about-us/equal-opportunities-and-gender-equality/guidelines-and-processes","children": []},{"content":"Equality in academic leadership positions","id":"462","url": "/en/about-us/equal-opportunities-and-gender-equality/equality-in-academic-leadership-positions","children": []},{"content":"Combining caring responsibilities with an (academic) career","id":"463","url": "/en/about-us/equal-opportunities-and-gender-equality/combining-caring-responsibilities-with-an-academic-career","children": []},{"content":"Equal opportunities in staff development","id":"464","url": "/en/about-us/equal-opportunities-and-gender-equality/equal-opportunities-in-staff-development","children": []},{"content":"Cultural change through diversity","id":"465","url": "/en/about-us/equal-opportunities-and-gender-equality/cultural-change-through-diversity","children": []}]},{"content":"Leadership culture","id":"423","url": "/en/about-us/leadership-culture","children": []},{"content":"Sustainability","id":"945","url": "/en/about-us/sustainability","children": []}]},{"content":"Institutes","id":"48","url": "/en/institutes/leibniz-institutes-all-lists","children": [{"content":"Leibniz Institutes (all lists)","id":"57","url": "/en/institutes/leibniz-institutes-all-lists","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Institutes (name)","id":"460","url": "/en/institutes/leibniz-institutes-name","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Institutes (abbreviation)","id":"470","url": "/en/institutes/leibniz-institutes-abbreviation","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Institutes (section)","id":"469","url": "/en/institutes/leibniz-institutes-section","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Institutes (region)","id":"499","url": "/en/institutes/leibniz-institutes-region","children": []}]},{"content":"Research","id":"49","url": "/en/research","children": [{"content":"Scientific Profile","id":"63","url": "/en/research/scientific-profile","children": [{"content":"Cultural Heritage and Education","id":"117","url": "/en/research/scientific-profile/cultural-heritage-and-education","children": []},{"content":"Economic and Spatial Development, Democratic Participation and Social Integration","id":"118","url": "/en/research/scientific-profile/economic-and-spatial-development-democratic-participation-and-social-integration","children": []},{"content":"Biodiversity and Health","id":"119","url": "/en/research/scientific-profile/biodiversity-and-health","children": []},{"content":"Light, Matter, Information","id":"120","url": "/en/research/scientific-profile/light-matter-information","children": []},{"content":"Environment and Sustainable Development","id":"121","url": "/en/research/scientific-profile/environment-and-sustainable-development","children": []}]},{"content":"Research Museums","id":"207","url": "/en/research/research-museums","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz ScienceCampi","id":"114","url": "/en/research/leibniz-sciencecampi","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Research Alliances","id":"61","url": "/en/forschung/leibniz-research-alliances","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Research Networks","id":"66","url": "/en/research/leibniz-research-networks","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Labs","id":"2540","url": "/en/research/leibniz-labs","children": []},{"content":"Cooperation with universities","id":"345","url": "/en/research/cooperation-with-universities","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Competition","id":"65","url": "/en/research/leibniz-competition","children": [{"content":"Leibniz-Junior Research Groups","id":"2684","url": "/en/research/leibniz-competition/leibniz-junior-research-groups","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Programme for Women Professors","id":"2616","url": "/en/research/leibniz-competition/leibniz-programme-for-women-professors","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Collaborative Excellence","id":"410","url": "/en/research/leibniz-competition/leibniz-collaborative-excellence","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Transfer funding programme","id":"344","url": "/en/research/leibniz-competition/leibniz-transfer-funding-programme","children": []},{"content":"Selection process","id":"2177","url": "/en/research/leibniz-competition/selection-process","children": []},{"content":"Funded Projects","id":"2812","url": "/en/research/leibniz-competition/funded-projects","children": []}]},{"content":"Open science","id":"67","url": "/en/research/open-science-and-digitalisation","children": [{"content":"Open Access","id":"160","url": "/en/research/open-science-and-digitalisation/open-access","children": [{"content":"Monograph publishing fund","id":"164","url": "/en/research/open-science-and-digitalisation/open-access/monograph-publishing-fund","children": []},{"content":"Journal publishing fund","id":"165","url": "/en/research/open-science-and-digitalisation/open-access/journal-publishing-fund","children": []},{"content":"LeibnizOpen","id":"1217","url": "/en/research/open-science-and-digitalisation/open-access/translate-to-english-leibnizopen","children": []}]},{"content":"Open and FAIR Data","id":"163","url": "/en/research/open-science-and-digitalisation/open-and-fair-data","children": []}]},{"content":"Citizen Science","id":"74","url": "/en/research/citizen-science","children": []},{"content":"Science Award","id":"71","url": "/en/research/science-award","children": []}]},{"content":"Infrastructures","id":"50","url": "/en/infrastructures","children": [{"content":"Research Infrastructures in the Leibniz Association","id":"168","url": "/en/infrastructures/research-infrastructures-in-the-leibniz-association","children": [{"content":"Information infrastructures","id":"145","url": "/en/infrastructures/research-infrastructures-in-the-leibniz-association/information-infrastructures","children": []},{"content":"e-Infrastructures","id":"1006","url": "/en/infrastructures/research-infrastructures-in-the-leibniz-association/e-infrastructures","children": []},{"content":"Large-scale equipment","id":"146","url": "/en/infrastructures/research-infrastructures-in-the-leibniz-association/large-scale-equipment","children": []},{"content":"Social research infrastructures","id":"144","url": "/en/infrastructures/research-infrastructures-in-the-leibniz-association/social-research-infrastructures","children": []}]},{"content":"Leibniz Roadmap for Research Infrastructures","id":"167","url": "/en/infrastructures/leibniz-roadmap-for-research-infrastructures","children": []}]},{"content":"Transfer","id":"51","url": "/en/transfer","children": [{"content":"Transfer and Innovation","id":"201","url": "/en/transfer/transfer-and-innovation","children": [{"content":"Start-ups at Leibniz","id":"202","url": "/en/transfer/transfer-and-innovation/start-ups-at-leibniz","children": [{"content":"Start-up Days 2024","id":"2541","url": "/en/transfer/transfer-and-innovation/start-ups-at-leibniz/start-up-days-2024","children": []},{"content":"Start-Up Prize","id":"203","url": "/en/transfer/transfer-and-innovation/start-ups-at-leibniz/start-up-prize","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz-Gr眉ndungskollegs","id":"1898","url": "/en/transfer/transfer-and-innovation/start-ups-at-leibniz/leibniz-gruendungskollegs","children": []}]},{"content":"Cooperation with businesses","id":"204","url": "/en/transfer/transfer-and-innovation/cooperation-with-businesses","children": []}]}]},{"content":"Careers","id":"398","url": "/en/careers","children": [{"content":"Careers in Research","id":"115","url": "/en/careers/careers-in-research","children": [{"content":"PhDs at Leibniz","id":"187","url": "/en/careers/careers-in-research/phds-at-leibniz","children": [{"content":"Leibniz Graduate Schools","id":"389","url": "/en/careers/careers-in-research/phds-at-leibniz/leibniz-graduate-schools","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz PhD Network","id":"194","url": "/en/careers/careers-in-research/phds-at-leibniz/leibniz-phd-network","children": []},{"content":"Leibniz Dissertation Award","id":"200","url": "/en/careers/careers-in-research/phds-at-leibniz/leibniz-dissertation-award","children": []}]},{"content":"Postdocs at Leibniz","id":"188","url": "/en/careers/careers-in-research/postdocs-at-leibniz","children": [{"content":"Leibniz PostDoc Network","id":"195","url": "/en/careers/careers-in-research/postdocs-at-leibniz/leibniz-postdoc-network","children": []}]},{"content":"Taking on leadership positions","id":"186","url": "/en/careers/careers-in-research/taking-on-leadership-positions","children": [{"content":"Leibniz Mentoring","id":"198","url": "/en/careers/careers-in-research/taking-on-leadership-positions/leibniz-mentoring",}]}]},{"content":"Leibniz Leadership Academy","id":"1151","url": "/en/careers/leibniz-leadership-academy","children": []},{"content":"Training","id":"184","url": "/en/careers/training","children": [{"content":"Leibniz Award for Apprentices","id":"185","url": "/en/careers/training/leibniz-award-for-apprentices","children": []}]},{"content":"Personnel Development","id":"2627","url": "/en/careers/personnel-development","children": []},{"content":"Jobs","id":"277","url": "/en/careers/jobs","children": []}]}]; </script> <script src="/typo3conf/ext/solr/Resources/Public/JavaScript/JQuery/jquery.min.js?1686556425"></script> <script src="/typo3conf/ext/solr/Resources/Public/JavaScript/JQuery/jquery.URI.min.js?1686556425"></script> <script src="/typo3conf/ext/solr/Resources/Public/JavaScript/search_controller.js?1686556425"></script> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script> <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.js"></script> <script src="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/JavaScript/app.js?1731411748"></script> <script src="/typo3conf/ext/mkleibniz/Resources/Public/JavaScript/custom.js?1679309169"></script> <script src="/typo3/sysext/rte_ckeditor/Resources/Public/JavaScript/Contrib/ckeditor.js?1681218615"></script> <script> $(function() { $( "#jobfair_item_starttime" ).datepicker({dateFormat: "dd.mm.yy"}); $( "#jobfair_item_endtime" ).datepicker({dateFormat: "dd.mm.yy"}); }); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); _paq.push(['requireCookieConsent']); (function() { var u="//matomo.leibniz-gemeinschaft.de/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  </body> </html>