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Disponibil în 56 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoires" title="Memoires – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Memoires" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مذكرات – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مذكرات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مذكرات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مذكرات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xatir%C9%99" title="Xatirə – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xatirə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87" title="خاطیره – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خاطیره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мемуар – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мемуар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Мемуары – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мемуары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Спомени – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спомени" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B2ries" title="Memòries – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Memòries" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%95)" title="بیرەوەری (وێژە) – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بیرەوەری (وێژە)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam%C4%9Bti" title="Paměti – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paměti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%C3%A3tnik" title="Pamiãtnik – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pamiãtnik" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoiren" title="Memoiren – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Memoiren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Απομνημονεύματα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Απομνημονεύματα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Memoir" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memora%C4%B5oj" title="Memoraĵoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Memoraĵoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorias" title="Memorias – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memorias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memuaarid" title="Memuaarid – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Memuaarid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroitidazki" title="Oroitidazki – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oroitidazki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84" title="شرح حال – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شرح حال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muistelmateos" title="Muistelmateos – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muistelmateos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9moires" title="Mémoires – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mémoires" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ספר זיכרונות – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספר זיכרונות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="संस्मरण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संस्मरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoari" title="Memoari – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Memoari" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eml%C3%A9kirat" title="Emlékirat – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emlékirat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հուշագրություն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հուշագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoar" title="Memoar – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Memoar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorie_(genere_letterario)" title="Memorie (genere letterario) – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Memorie (genere letterario)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%83%B3%E9%8C%B2" title="回想録 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="回想録" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მემუარები – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მემუარები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9A%8C%EA%B3%A0%EB%A1%9D" title="회고록 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="회고록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мемоар – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мемоар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Memoir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoires" title="Memoires – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Memoires" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoar" title="Memoar – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Memoar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%C4%99tnik" title="Pamiętnik – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pamiętnik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B3rias" title="Memórias – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Memórias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Мемуары – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мемуары" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="يادگيريون – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يادگيريون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoari" title="Memoari – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Memoari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Memoir" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memo%C3%A1re" title="Memoáre – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Memoáre" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujtime" title="Kujtime – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kujtime" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мемоари – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мемоари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0" title="స్వానుభవ చరిత్ర – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్వానుభవ చరిత్ర" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82" title="Ёддошт – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ёддошт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talang-gunita" title="Talang-gunita – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talang-gunita" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C4%B1" title="Anı – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мемуари – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мемуари" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="یادداشتیں – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یادداشتیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memuar" title="Memuar – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Memuar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93i_k%C3%BD" title="Hồi ký – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồi ký" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_di_sovnances" title="Live di sovnances – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Live di sovnances" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%BF%86%E5%BD%95" title="回忆录 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="回忆录" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%86%B6%E9%8C%84" title="回憶錄 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="回憶錄" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q112983#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Memorii" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Memorii&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Memorii"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Memorii"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Memorii" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Memorii" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&oldid=15173831" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Memorii&id=15173831&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMemorii"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMemorii"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Memorii"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Memorii&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Memoirs" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q112983" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirecționat de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorialistic%C4%83&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorialistică">Memorialistică</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Nu confundați cu <a href="/wiki/Memorie" title="Memorie">Memorie</a>.</div> <p><b>Memorii</b> (din substantivul masculin <a href="/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză">francez</a> <i>memoire</i>, cu sensul de înregistrare a unui eveniment, o utilizare particulară a femininului <i>memoire</i> - memorie) este o specie a literaturii autobiografice, în care evenimente istorice sau de altă natură sunt recompuse pornind de la observații și experiențe strict personale. Memoriile formează o subclasă a genului <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autobiografic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autobiografic — pagină inexistentă">autobiografic</a>. </p><p>Legate strâns de, și adeseori confundate cu <a href="/wiki/Autobiografie" title="Autobiografie">autobiografia</a>, memoriile diferă de acesta prin faptul că accentul este pus pe evenimente exterioare; în vreme ce autorii de autobiografii sunt preocupați în principal de ei înșiși, își transformă biografia în element declanșator și centru al scriiturii, autorii de memorii sunt persoane care au jucat un rol în, sau au observat din apropiere evenimente istorice și al căror scop principal este să descrie sau să interpreteze aceste evenimente. Din acest motiv memoriile pot părea mai puțin structurate și mai puțin exhaustive decât autobiografiile formale. Ele se concentrează uneori asupra unui episod punctual al vieții autorului, asupra unui eveniment istoric la care acesta a fost martor și nu narează viața în ordinea ei cronologică, așezând evenimentele într-un șir, de la naștere și pînă la moarte. </p><p>Spre deosebire de biografii, memoriile se referă cu precădere la evenimente politice sau istorice în care cei care le scriu au fost implicați direct sau la care au asistat ca martori oculari, și în plus tratează uneori un singur segment sau un singur eveniment, spre deosebire de romanul autobiografic în care acesta debutează cu nașterea și se apropie de perioada prezentă. </p><p>Cărțile de memorii pot fi scrise și de liderii politici sau militari. Spre exemplu, războiul civil din Anglia a produs multe asemenea cărți de memorii, cele mai notabile fiind Memoriile lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Ludlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Ludlow — pagină inexistentă">Edmund Ludlow</a> și ale lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_John_Reresby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir John Reresby — pagină inexistentă">Sir John Reresby</a>. Francezii au excelat în acest gen, unul dintre cei mai mari memorialiști ai tuturor timpurilor fiind ducele de Saint-Simon, ale cărui „Mémoires” (acoperind perioada dintre <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a>- <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>) sunt faimoase pentru portretele personajelor sale și oferă o sursă neprețuită de informații de la curtea lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_al_XIV-lea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis al XIV-lea — pagină inexistentă">Louis al XIV-lea</a>. Un alt mare memorialist francez a fost François-René, viconte de Chateaubriand, care și devotat ultimii ani din viață scrierii unei cărți intitulate <i>Mémoires d'outre-tombe</i> (1849-50; <i>Memorii de dincolo de mormînt</i>). </p><p>În secolul al XX-lea mulți șefi de state sau lideri militari și-au descris experiențele în memorii. Printre acestea figurează și memoriile vicontelui de Montgomery (1958), ale lui sir <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, și cele ale generalului <a href="/wiki/Charles_De_Gaulle" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles De Gaulle">Charles De Gaulle</a>'s <i>Mémoires de guerre</i> (1954-59; Memorii de război). </p><p>La noi, după ce au cunoscut o dezvoltare deosebită în epoca <a href="/wiki/Pa%C8%99optism" title="Pașoptism">pașoptistă</a> (memoriile unui participant la evenimentele din <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aara_Rom%C3%A2neasc%C4%83" title="Țara Românească">Țara Românească</a>, cele ale colonelului Locusteanu l-au impresionat în mod special pe <a href="/wiki/Camil_Petrescu" title="Camil Petrescu">Camil Petrescu</a>) ele au revenit la modă în perioada dintre cele două războaie mondiale. În limba română există numeroase cărți de memorii ale tuturor oamenilor de stat importanți, dintre care amintim doar pe cele publicate recent. Pe o listă foarte lungă a cărților de memoriile politice figurează memoriile regelui Carol I, <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Constantin Argetoianu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grigore_Gafencu" title="Grigore Gafencu">Grigore Gafencu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Nicolae Iorga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Bibescu" title="Martha Bibescu">Martha Bibescu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annie_Bentoiu" title="Annie Bentoiu">Annie Bentoiu</a>. Recent, memoriile de lagăr de tipul Închisoarea noastră cea de toate zilele a lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Ioanid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Ioanid — pagină inexistentă">Ioan Ioanid</a>, <i>Evadarea tăcută</i> a Lenei Constante sau <i>Ia-ți boarfele și fugi</i> ale Oanei Orlea (Pseudonimul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioanei_Cantacuzino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioanei Cantacuzino — pagină inexistentă">Ioanei Cantacuzino</a>) au lăsat o vie impresie în rândul cititorilor. </p><p>Au fost de asemenea publicate recent memoriile membrilor <a href="/w/index.php?title=CPEX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CPEX — pagină inexistentă">CPEX</a> ai <a href="/wiki/Partidul_Comunist_Rom%C3%A2n" title="Partidul Comunist Român">PCR</a> sau ale actorilor importanți ai <a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83_din_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția română din 1989">revoluției din decembrie 1989</a>, majoritatea au valoare istorică redusă, părând mai curând niște scrieri cu caracter apologetic. Recent, <a href="/wiki/Editura_Humanitas" title="Editura Humanitas">editura Humanitas</a> a publicat chiar memoriile ex-premierului <a href="/wiki/Radu_Vasile" title="Radu Vasile">Radu Vasile</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorii&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ziarullumina.ro/stiinta-si-tehnologie/memoria-o-uimitoare-biblioteca">Memoria, o uimitoare bibliotecă</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup>, 19 decembrie 2007, Andreea-Raluca Neagu, <i>Ziarul Lumina</i></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memorii&oldid=15173831">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memorii&oldid=15173831</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Specii_literare" title="Categorie:Specii literare">Specii literare</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Memorialistic%C4%83" title="Categorie:Memorialistică">Memorialistică</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_suport_bibliografic_necorespunz%C4%83tor_din_februarie_2015" title="Categorie:Articole cu suport bibliografic necorespunzător din februarie 2015">Articole cu suport bibliografic necorespunzător din februarie 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_leg%C4%83turi_externe_nefunc%C8%9Bionale" title="Categorie:Pagini cu legături externe nefuncționale">Pagini cu legături externe nefuncționale</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 18 octombrie 2022, ora 07:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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