CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913521020f5b4c77',cH: 'OvXlKes4Ijes85Uy8QK2y2nyBxK1EbW5Pj5YuvwYBm0-1739788508-1.2.1.1-6_YyHQ87wUr7sQODW9WhfJEMgcIosEV.iNi2s8M5vZX5yDBEW7.uq1Ba4Ohk138r',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=terrorist%20state&__cf_chl_tk=v64Bw4igR1YLcIR3V.ftrj7E.xE_cyGX7nlLtSiFy0E-1739788508-1.0.1.1-hAEWRNwMLWwidA_hkkuofQa_v9oX0Kl2pllT2yDbJmk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788508',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=terrorist%20state&__cf_chl_f_tk=v64Bw4igR1YLcIR3V.ftrj7E.xE_cyGX7nlLtSiFy0E-1739788508-1.0.1.1-hAEWRNwMLWwidA_hkkuofQa_v9oX0Kl2pllT2yDbJmk",md: "jMOI1FqPCLdvQiNy4vba.SxhvSGSCC0Be4RCxMdhw8I-1739788508-1.2.1.1-J_Wea8loZxJO5fgZT7Wsg4ZGgzr8esfc_QB6lkg6Lsl8a0mX_PrX_t2oOKoDl47mHRJymAOCL2bPNsi3gV1ZsiGL0j5zVO3iPz0v5jJcjXaBw08bZV124r14B42HlmUPJrP7wu32SE8cMV9ruYxiL65fwQJUPkqL5JcWwT9U3IjHPW6ean7xnT4j6BqUz5pBxG22qTd99T25tSU4psFsB4LefU2X_.FKPOkrVusn7iAqC81B4HtDGJb3j5i3DIZh4nvtTTqjNH6MJHWzr25aMriKsyXiKLuqZ3im3G_QoIKLhsXJaW25pCZScpVj9yV8DB.5mn0O8wAxr3OpIE7mtVOul8CZjU76kKAj_K.9yeLMQ3v67I8e0OXC4DOgkVhhyxoepwObG14ZhKjc_EapuG9frU7WC5lj6InQa8YG7nl9FFgf9yArJB7YwyoCiuyrNVOQ8uTIiddqsn_muL79DCQfGtGAoIiaDkiGUo.IJmtjBtM6wS9bbmAvKNtHHxNDlsDYKeXEbpBIXNXvXif6A8aqyOB0wPxAiR9yDItriv64RVwqQVaxQA0qiVzLZx5w4zd76_MSCWOiZx52lyyCcLjbvh6ErEq_oWQv6jEjg_DUe4nlbKIaKgqdKkFBt7jzhdmzxm222HqVoO_mr82L4I74Ailb6j7vfcH80kZxr5gpBK9SLdOtik7JEYwAkfN7xu2S93E0k4A6mB3zEDYI9c96sUtqDKQXA7dydPusmxwbERI.AvmPO.v0Bg6Sr2TzSi8RvbgJF_I8kUJJjKIl4Zk8LVr7Vl2LulSG_juaHqANx2JeUrcXuUNiKd_5HItWX_BK54UqXSTn7rsKqohKt7Fk9HkPy.Yox9ttPEshQ_66qSaFqFEi7zrJXqSnOQtpqJU5E3Cny21B3C1SVVng.dBnxFQIbPP4H08J0kX81pX7e1uoJsd50P4XrKb7v7QDR9XJbEKn8CsxsKjkvpHAHA3hb7jroIJVUtpdX6Y2ui144MEGII9nGcTmefKU9VzU4WnwLegbT6_CdMMN6sPykuU2R0GILuOKe9pzPlacQGJPWKCQTArD.XXanwGChKOjlA.38AJB5tzH9GiDIJAUZug5BCmFW6xQJODgy0_yG5NucmzHE1tqFgC__U2iF1Wb1O1hCu7yLxXA2Kp1Pc6TCzGay8AJQegWAfhUh7.5AijmApZ_IEV0Jb65v.g3Bf64dLC2Wjrrze4CJtQOaykYtsc96Zn03fa6AOAe1wLzqcDnYcBsqe83uVwB.J9akiIgh75DCvY1gtPdH_i8xsKr8aqaxInWohQkuNO5P_LYBBGm0yf54_L0NCO6HJSaRZilyp0905IvUmgp1UfKbYQ2LEyz67.rUYXAc22kQ4_GdXn3CBCFf3WHa8iix_ivFql7KTniOFA2WHdghaSFCGjb9SfInMVitUXOx2uXYO5W5i8AjiyaW4NFk.VWEmsFiwfEjoYd7Lyi8m_p9Nxvc0Jlh98Br7V259KLC_NcNjkgxqf7UV.opvkBrKVdSjLU0iznlSz.OLj1ClORoB3CQaJgaOGsZWT0pUnpQWqEGcWCgah9PXbEzcskCKs0cKtTCMJsYFW4AUvDmlLxcbo2JKG0aodjMxQH6qpDX_aw5VwrNkgc7OgjKDBL0LYtgqHEAo9QpsHhFjYv3tlOG.X19go1cK.xr7IkYcoWgrVbhAdqaXh6FZUqJtNVFOS5nf_MJZhhhdu6Pn2Az0U2ZuJrQUqu4Qe5asFJFReuhVkKEchZn2MX01ARDfqm9FKNPWmBD34Ubo4DWunJy.1HP..DQkxNFvLVAeGTBdxvPg_LJlI8CrlCBnymATz8Nes0_9EkFIaynb_QGXeqpmpEz1V3dSBDvm0y6tGaWInw4I5XJzQ_PZd9Vh0_Ycb7PH2bJtfx2z9KKjO2aJccOYyygray2m1yGjHugjsx9f3ixf1EKTy1AnM",mdrd: "a_6sPLVfjAdK3JbQZ0Knjrozuw0JN2Z7ICS.WVsg79s-1739788508-1.2.1.1-ascQ3OniPUPsb7UEnYtVFD8IkIAJpzcXP2yMhTGNTqf_8kPoJF3EaF3T9RwQHstFNLZOz.DjSUXqhdttpf7T.szflpOzUg_7R_GgLtXuUImnCtjeRuvwU7ZR02z5kz2GCT6NLU8SfEATeSMBbrS4LtEg9oXSmSyTPbM673gxZBNLaCB1Ep4AHZsnGCJ8JtLdUD9_cCo3vz.IhHr4IwmP4picqAv4SBQb1K_61rGioNyd.wLBHIffsFYUCLP_KOsCWWwpnaovujyna5rIgf8cv5k2Ks1abFX1n0e1GuOqwVMCVHK6cdDwIEovLDySTfBPGpTT..pNcCy0y7XMPjbHcwawr0lt5VeS1piVh77SAYvS79gaFY.XZ44yBhkcfDKEJHhkrEvKZCISRxdQaBEzw6btwuejfnfPhF9i5cj9L6192ZnwZ63qSgQb0DpYarLEuPgOSjSq10OP68awBjsXTnmuLeNGLPlohtGpXsRj0fIJzV9koXKbj.GXrT0MLCMAdrUHRlv_iGoobXA5dyqvj6k.erMr5tVDBSqNJNTvOAxD6AT2KD82aJdDzCPp.IC.LjC6OOI_pIO3uqOo.J9HUzxfbR.TxxPMJbdNdhHw6WRJTpnJQJzxnGf2Hbyqzy1.2IQM29IyOSTMAfSD6tC7gGX2gkooH4sIo4XWhdwwjQri7lR7ru2CQBJmVhcBeBGq.K5DSPPUGQD5_RJxxBNSbudLx8XfqjSdbztCvq_hyGsVIW_8yCP6JziUdlEeZ74dh7_xHa8t6rD6jPVmP2TfTciknZo1DzYqn7qygElFCJFLtZrYOXrWoAlOIJfi8H12rYb1mGc5rkB_i6lvxID27uMMmHDo5FYo6jylL0nssQrDZlEEsjVc2RnirB4wGJkyGb0PNZ6aSGS5s0fWJS7qww_sRYWPX1PIyK8knWAVuMK0WsBnwSaEyOW8HHmB.Vo_3TLQ7H9edaiMzW1dce7FJbZIRy1lSMwSFkZasCo5csRxIzfZcotr6nqD12DTA3u6YHowXnw5e_cgWJkM45El65VkJmpKNMrHss9qU16Tvj0xJ5UVH9OJJwuqocNr0PX6OK0wrgwDYztmxOEokaQ4oMvga_0pfALoYo1eWOX.l6Wd94fhbk.BXVpFjaJEsLgWoOB9RowpuG16C.ovtt5AyeQI6KHgBSKWre9H5pL.8UZdMncWreaiagZYK.aJwM2.mFmE0xLsH4Cp398BUpL7_X0X1ODz7OoF4A.4sQ7V0KKdZkkq6L5EvRE5MCUlt7WnPaiGPqSJgO.uu1HBTdQTNzgTXR_Davfjb6DZk_Hj9w2VYk5x57BNS7RYITzoPWxEmEgLLu2mHNSghxMQJB3pq8FV85eNJxbGx.A3u53KEZ1rIVHAo81qU441MG2iZ_VqhoO4L5Y5nLI0hwbWU41f0LtDvftybu6KwNPfPFvzmhpEyQZD_MEO108wTR7fim6nmvdyslnl4.H_JATs7bZCVt.CcSplHNyeHkW62SwY0901hBC73ERMKnhfNscM7XbhrtfT4tUth.keCl_O.8q5i0BSf5MsUA50Iy_vFxahbQdtMue.6CvkbJ7.zCiLpx4ToIBJtKWUSLjNk3qBEeMXI4W_KZXNCss6k5cLSf5PDJ9NRKrGIwY_bBl7BOBtyab3uzyYNQsCnAdNkpR820okN2CLToPMjkSXK.2safM03c82YQG5HbmEzF2FHBE6jN0oqYydsXAYsJ_glbklxOjQ_Cot1l7yh5aVpWqyQM9ZVOeqyK_nKwRMIbyMrrb131aNVLZy7Hk66QDtqn1Pm9PmWPUY6tmj71YAbLWW_5fD2doSS1er8tGubqbL.gpBjvGzBuePXF4xOIh5CrfydwmUugcQdhNHz0HeJ5WFjWDwRr375KXCOHqdBB9ALxOKZTdRE3FHrhfWCiNtibZQANfEOmoVScaSpTFl5htSKear0ouqoSCOV59pyz_eYn8NPHnW"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913521020f5b4c77';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=terrorist%20state&__cf_chl_rt_tk=v64Bw4igR1YLcIR3V.ftrj7E.xE_cyGX7nlLtSiFy0E-1739788508-1.0.1.1-hAEWRNwMLWwidA_hkkuofQa_v9oX0Kl2pllT2yDbJmk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>