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data-adbridg-ad-class="dlb1" data-ad="true" class="css-1jpwf16"></div></div></aside></div><aside data-testid="mobile-leaderboard" class="css-pdceuf"><div class="css-11egx89"><button class="icon-hl-close-thick css-1pr9u9e"></button><div data-empty="true" class="css-1fteite"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="mlb1__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="mlb1" data-ad="true" class="css-bcus5s"></div></div></div></aside><div data-placement="subheader"></div><div><div class="css-m260rd"><div data-article-body="0" class="css-1h1rean css-1kdolwm"><div class="css-z468a2"><h1>How to preserve muscle mass on weight-loss drugs like Wegovy</h1><div data-preamp="social-proof-lessons"></div><div data-testid="byline"><section data-testid="byline" class="css-19y29pm"><div class="css-1q67gt9"><div class="css-1edxg1f"><img src="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/11/Deep-Shukla-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105" alt=""/></div></div><div><span><span><span><span>Written by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Deep Shukla</a></span></span></span></span><span> on November 27, 2024</span> — <span tabindex="0" role="button" class="css-st6t3g">Fact checked </span><span>by </span><span><span><span><span><a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D.</a></span></span></span></span></div></section></div><div><article class="article-body css-d2znx6 undefined"><div class="css-12va8w7"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><div><figure class="css-yhe8zq"><span class="css-rwmw5v"><span class="css-mjp0j9"><picture class="css-16pk1is"><source srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/muscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg 750w" media="(min-width: 1190px)"/><source srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/muscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg 750w" media="(min-width: 990px)"/><source srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/muscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg 879w" media="(min-width: 768px)"/><img src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/muscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg" alt="person's hands reaching for green-colored weight on gym floor" class="css-1jytyml"/></picture></span><hl-share-overlay class="css-18moxll"><a class="icon-hl-pinterest css-ps2kh1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" data-event="Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked" data-element-event="OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2Fhow-to-preserve-muscle-mass-on-weight-loss-drugs-like-wegovy&media=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.post.rvohealth.io%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2024%2F11%2Fmuscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg&description=GLP-1%20drugs%20for%20weight%20loss%3A%20Do%20they%20lead%20to%20muscle%20mass%20loss%3F" title="Share on Pinterest" data-pin-custom="true" data-share-url="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/muscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg"><span class="css-8yl26h">Share on Pinterest</span></a></hl-share-overlay></span><figcaption class="css-13b3g0x">How can you preserve muscle mass if you are using GLP-1 drugs for weight loss? Top experts weigh in. Image credit: Santi Nuñez/Stocksy.</figcaption></figure></div></div><div><div><p class="css-4aeg3z">The development of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) drugs, such as Wegovy and Zepbound, has ushered in a new era in weight management. While these drugs can lead to significant weight loss, researchers and medical professionals have raised concerns about the accompanying loss of muscle tissue. This Special Feature discusses the challenges associated with assessing changes in muscle mass that accompany GLP-1 drug-induced weight loss, the potential impact of muscle mass loss, and how to preserve muscle mass.</p></div></div><div><div data-preamp="serena-chatbot"></div></div><div><p>Lifestyle changes can lead to successful weight loss, but many find it <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8FB832F4BE4630FC24AC977B0D8D9104/S2048679018000113a.pdf/successful_and_unsuccessful_weightloss_maintainers_strategies_to_counteract_metabolic_compensation_following_weight_loss.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">challenging</a> to achieve and maintain a healthy weight in the long term.</p></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/269487" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Bariatric surgery</a> can cause substantial and sustained weight loss but is generally recommended in cases of severe obesity. In contrast, drugs such as <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-wegovy" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Wegovy</a> and <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-zepbound" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Zepbound</a> have shown an ability to produce weight loss almost to a similar extent as bariatric surgery.</p></div><div><p>Drugs such as Wegovy mimic the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a hormone secreted by the gastrointestinal tract, and are referred to as <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">GLP-1 agonists</a></hl-trusted-source>.</p></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline2__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline2__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1t05dkn"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="How-do-drugs-like-Wegovy-and-Zepbound-lead-to-weight-loss">How do drugs like Wegovy and Zepbound lead to weight loss?</a></div></h2><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>GLP-1 agonists facilitate weight loss by stimulating insulin secretion, delaying the emptying of the stomach contents, and reducing hunger.</p></div><div><p>The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), another gastrointestinal hormone, plays a similar role to the GLP-1 hormone, and GIP receptors are another target for weight-loss drugs.</p></div><div><p>For instance, tirzepatide, sold under the brand name Zepbound, binds to both GLP-1 and GIP receptors.</p></div><div><p>While these drugs are effective in inducing weight loss, whether this approach to weight management is healthy remains controversial. Specifically, there are concerns that GLP-1 agonists may cause a loss of muscle mass and function.</p></div><div><p>Such a loss of muscle mass and function is common in old age and is termed <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318501" class="content-link css-90fpmc">sarcopenia</a>. The loss of muscle mass and function in sarcopenia is associated with impaired physical function, reduced quality of life, and an increased risk of falls, illness, and death.</p></div><div><p><a href="https://trueyouweightloss.com/about/meet-the-team/dr-christopher-mcgowan/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Christopher McGowan, MD</a>, a gastroenterologist and obesity medicine specialist, told <em>Medical News Today</em> that:</p></div><div><blockquote class="is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow css-34gtoi"><p>“Losing weight at the expense of lean muscle can lead to future problems, including reduced basal metabolic rate, decreased strength, fitness, and tone, reduced bone density, and an increased risk of weight recurrence. For these reasons, it is essential to prioritize muscle preservation.”</p></blockquote></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="Why-is-weight-loss-associated-with-muscle-loss">Why is weight loss associated with muscle loss?</a></div></h2><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Muscle loss as a result of weight reduction in individuals with overweight or obesity is a normal phenomenon. Individuals with obesity and overweight tend to have <a href="https://dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/doi/10.1111/dom.15728" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">more muscle mass</a> than those with a healthy weight.</p></div><div><p>In individuals with obesity, the muscle tissue shows an accumulation of fat and changes in muscle fiber composition, resulting in reduced mobility and performance.</p></div><div><p>Notably, higher levels of infiltration of fat into muscles are <a href="https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/70/8/1030/2947703" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">associated</a> with decreased muscle strength and deficits in function.</p></div><div><p><strong>Weight loss induced by lower calorie intake is generally <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5421125/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">accompanied by muscle loss</a> and lower fat levels in the muscle tissue. In other words, weight loss results in an improvement in muscle composition but a decline in muscle volume.</strong></p></div><div><p>Besides facilitating movement, muscles help absorb glucose (sugar) in response to insulin secreted after a meal. Obesity is characterized by impaired glucose uptake by the muscles and the liver.</p></div><div><p>This reduced sensitivity of muscles to insulin in obesity results in an increased breakdown of muscle protein and, subsequently, muscle loss. In contrast, weight loss improves muscle insulin sensitivity, which, in turn, helps prevent muscle protein breakdown. </p></div><div><p>Since weight loss is typically associated with muscle loss, the concern with GLP-1 drugs is whether these medications induce excessive muscle loss than expected for the achieved decline in weight.</p></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline7__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline7__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1t05dkn"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="How-do-we-know-if-muscle-loss-on-GLP-1-drugs-is-unhealthy">How do we know if muscle loss on GLP-1 drugs is unhealthy?</a></div></h2><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>One of the obstacles in determining the impact of GLP-1 agonists on muscle health has been the dearth of direct measurements of muscle volume and composition.</p></div><div><p>Studies examining the efficacy of GLP-1 drugs used for weight loss have generally quantified changes in fat and lean mass, with changes in lean mass serving as a surrogate for muscle mass. </p></div><div><p>Lean mass consists of fat-free tissue, which includes muscles, organs, bones, water, and fluids. Even <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jes/article/8/11/bvae164/7775409" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">15% of adipose (fat) tissue</a> is estimated to be made up of lean mass. Consequently, a considerable loss of adipose tissue is expected to be accompanied by a significant loss of fat-free mass.</p></div><div><p><strong>Lean mass is thus unlikely to reflect changes in muscle mass accurately. Moreover, studies examining the impact of GLP-1 drugs on weight loss have reported considerable <a href="https://dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/doi/10.1111/dom.15728" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">variation</a> in the proportion of lean mass lost due to the same GLP-1 drug. </strong></p></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146309" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</a> can directly assess changes in muscle mass and composition, including fat infiltration. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) <a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=58" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">guidelines</a> do not require the assessment of muscle quality or volume in clinical trials assessing the efficacy of GLP-1 drugs for weight loss. </p></div><div><p>Additionally, the threshold to define unhealthy muscle mass has been debated. For instance, muscle mass is influenced by an individual’s biological sex, body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). </p></div><div><p>To address this issue, researchers have devised a method to assess healthy muscle volume by quantifying the magnitude by which an individual’s muscle mass differs from that of a standard group belonging to the same sex and with a similar body type.</p></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="Who-should-worry-about-unhealthy-muscle-loss-on-GLP-1-drugs">Who should worry about unhealthy muscle loss on GLP-1 drugs?</a></div></h2><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Studies using MRI showed that <hl-trusted-source source="Wiley" rationale="Peer reviewed journal"><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcsm.13445" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">liraglutide</a></hl-trusted-source> (Victoza), a GLP-1 agonist used for diabetes, and <a href="https://www.easd.org/media-centre/home.html?j=118422&sfmc_sub=77326945&l=327_HTML&u=1738265&mid=110007893&jb=1#!resources/tirzepatide-achieves-significant-weight-loss-without-adverse-effects-on-muscle-composition-surpass-3-mri-d33f2a13-d83e-4112-8763-621e82d3e128" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">tirzepatide</a> (Zepbound) led to muscle loss that was expected with the observed magnitude of weight loss after accounting for age and the presence of other conditions. </p></div><div><p><strong>Both liraglutide and tirzepatide effectively reduced muscle fat levels, thus improving muscle composition. In other words, evidence from a few studies suggests that GLP-1-agonist-induced weight loss may lead to expected levels of muscle loss while improving muscle quality, but further research is needed.</strong></p></div><div><p>Muscles also play other <hl-trusted-source source="The Lancet" rationale="Highly respected journal,Expert written journal,Peer reviewed journal"><a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(24)00272-9/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">vital roles</a></hl-trusted-source>, including secreting signaling molecules called myokines that modulate metabolism and inflammation and supporting protein synthesis in a starved state or during illness. Whether these functions of muscle tissue are affected by GLP-1-induced weight loss is unknown.</p></div><div><p>Individuals with a sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, co-occurring conditions, or at an advanced age are more likely to be at risk of experiencing the adverse effects of muscle loss associated with GLP-1-induced weight loss. </p></div><div><p>According to McGowan:</p></div><div><blockquote class="is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow css-34gtoi"><p>“Anyone with baseline reduced muscle mass should be cautious when starting a GLP-1 medication. For example, older adults with sarcopenia may be at the highest risk, as a further reduction in lean mass could jeopardize overall health and mobility. The use of GLP-1 medications in older adults has yet to be thoroughly studied in prospective clinical trials.”</p></blockquote></div><div><p>“Likewise, anyone with baseline osteopenia or osteoporosis may be at risk of a further decrease in bone density and an increased risk of falls and fractures,” he added. ”Other at-risk populations include individuals on chronic steroids, which cause muscle wasting, patients unable to engage in strength and resistance training, or patients with muscle-wasting conditions like <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172179" class="content-link css-90fpmc">chronic kidney disease</a>.”</p></div><div><p>McGowan also noted that even healthy individuals should expect some muscle loss. Although the muscle loss observed after GLP-1 treatments seem to be in line with the levels of expected weight loss, maintaining or increasing muscle mass can also prevent or retard weight regain in all individuals using these medications.</p></div><div><p><strong>Individuals who rapidly lose a large amount of weight commonly <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764193/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">regain</a> most of the weight in the subsequent 5 years.</strong></p></div><div><p>Since muscles contribute to energy expenditure at more than twice the rate of fat tissue, the reduction in muscle and other lean mass accompanying fat loss results in lower energy expenditure after weight reduction. Thus, preventing muscle loss during weight reduction can help maintain higher levels of energy expenditure and avoid weight regain.</p></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline12__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline12__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1t05dkn"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="How-can-you-preserve-muscle-mass-on-GLP-1-drugs">How can you preserve muscle mass on GLP-1 drugs?</a></div></h2><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Researchers have yet to examine strategies to preserve or increase muscle mass during weight loss induced by GLP-1 drugs. However, considerable evidence exists on approaches to prevent muscle loss due to aging or weight loss induced by calorie restriction or bariatric surgery.</p></div><div><p><strong>Muscle loss associated with the use of GLP-1 drugs can be mitigated by consuming a protein-rich diet and regular exercise. A moderate increase in protein consumption can help preserve muscle mass during weight loss. </strong></p></div><div><p><a href="https://weightmedicinemd.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Meghan Garcia-Webb, MD</a>, a board-certified physician in internal medicine, lifestyle medicine, and obesity medicine, told <em>MNT</em> that: “A good goal is to aim for 1.0-1.2 grams of protein per kilogram, which is the ideal protein intake per body weight daily. So for someone who wanted to weigh 150 lbs [pounds], getting around 70-80 grams of protein daily would be a good goal.”</p></div><div><p>McGowan further advised that “working closely with a registered dietitian can provide valuable insight and a customized nutrition plan while tracking intake can ensure one meets these recommended goals.“</p></div><div><p>“GLP-1 medications can make you feel sick,“ he cautioned. “If you are nauseous, bloated, or uncomfortable, you are more likely to choose less nutritious, easier-to-digest foods, often low in protein. If medication side effects prevent you from reaching your nutrition goals, the dosage may need to be adjusted.”</p></div><div><p>Supplementation with whey protein and essential amino acids can also help meet the desired daily protein intake and facilitate muscle protein synthesis. </p></div><div><p><strong>Endurance and resistance or weight training are effective in slowing down muscle loss accompanying weight loss. Moreover, resistance training can also increase muscle strength and improve physical function. Resistance training results in increased protein synthesis in the muscles and their composition and function. </strong></p></div><div><p>Meghan Garcia-Webb said that:</p></div><div><blockquote class="is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow css-34gtoi"><p>“Strength training is very important to anyone starting a GLP-1 agonist medication. I advise training at least twice per week for 30 minutes. If a patient is brand new to resistance training, I always recommend meeting with a trainer once or twice to make sure they know how heavy they should lift and that they are maintaining proper form.“</p></blockquote></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="Staying-consistent-most-important-aspect-of-GLP-1-treatment">‘Staying consistent’ most important aspect of GLP-1 treatment</a></div></h2><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p><a href="https://ro.co/weight-loss/dr-beverly-tchang/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Beverly Tchang, MD</a>, an assistant professor of Clinical Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine, also noted to <em>MNT</em> that “people who are at risk of frailty or sarcopenia (e.g., elderly) and taking a GLP-1 [drug] should be more mindful of incorporating resistance training to mitigate lean mass loss.”</p></div><div><p>Data from the United States suggest that some patients discontinue GLP-1 drugs within <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11127113/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">the first year</a>, with one of the reasons being the cost of drugs. Weight regain is common after the discontinuation of these medications.</p></div><div><p><strong>McGowan emphasized that: “The key to healthy, sustainable weight loss is maintaining protein intake and nutrition, performing regular resistance exercise, and staying consistent. Starting and stopping a medication can be detrimental and will all but guarantee weight regain and future difficulty losing weight.”</strong></p></div><div><p>“Monitoring body composition during treatment can provide critical information. Options include bioelectrical impedance scales, DEXA scans, or a simple tape measure to assess nonscale changes. This knowledge can help guide treatment and provide essential reassurance during times of minimal weight loss,” he added.</p></div><div><p>Besides lifestyle changes, drugs that help prevent muscle loss may also be used in combination with GLP-1. Growth hormone and drugs that stimulate the release of growth hormone are used to slow down muscle loss after bariatric surgery and could be potentially used in combination with GLP-1 drugs.</p></div><div><p>However, growth hormone treatment is expensive and associated with adverse effects, including muscle and joint pain and risk of diabetes.</p></div><div><p>Currently, preclinical and clinical studies are also assessing drugs that prevent muscle loss by blocking the action of hormones, such as activin and myostatin, that inhibit muscle growth. One such treatment being investigated in clinical trials is the monoclonal antibody <hl-trusted-source source="JAMA" rationale="Highly respected journal,Expert written journal,Peer reviewed journal"><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774903" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Bimagrumab</a></hl-trusted-source>, which blocks the receptor for the hormone activin II.</p></div></div></article><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div class="css-5b5f7q"><ul><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|Obesity / Weight Loss / Fitness" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/fitness-obesity">Obesity / Weight Loss / Fitness</a></li><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|Drugs" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/drugs">Drugs</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="css-14wkyk7"><div class="css-1h1m1dx"><p>Share this 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Learn about side effects in males and females and how to manage them.</a></p><a class="css-j8t1ld css-16cijuj" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/drugs-phentermine-oral-forms-side-effects;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|4" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Side effects of phentermine oral forms|rn3" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-phentermine-oral-forms-side-effects?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right selector css-2kgwd5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-82r5pg css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-1y0pb9y"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-arlbvo"><div class="css-lm0pdr"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1e4ja14 css-f0t0lw"><a class="css-xqmvw1" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo 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class=\"css-16pk1is\"\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/muscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg 750w\" media=\"(min-width: 1190px)\"/\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/muscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg 750w\" media=\"(min-width: 990px)\"/\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/muscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg 879w\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"/\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/muscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"person's hands reaching for green-colored weight on gym floor\" class=\"css-1jytyml\"/\u003e\u003c/picture\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003chl-share-overlay class=\"css-18moxll\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"icon-hl-pinterest css-ps2kh1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-event=\"Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked\" data-element-event=\"OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|\" href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2Fhow-to-preserve-muscle-mass-on-weight-loss-drugs-like-wegovy\u0026media=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.post.rvohealth.io%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2024%2F11%2Fmuscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg\u0026description=GLP-1%20drugs%20for%20weight%20loss%3A%20Do%20they%20lead%20to%20muscle%20mass%20loss%3F\" title=\"Share on Pinterest\" data-pin-custom=\"true\" data-share-url=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/muscle-loss-Stocksy_txp0ea61167Lg2400_Medium_4473836-Header-1024x575.jpg\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-8yl26h\"\u003eShare on Pinterest\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-share-overlay\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"css-13b3g0x\"\u003eHow can you preserve muscle mass if you are using GLP-1 drugs for weight loss? Top experts weigh in. Image credit: Santi Nuñez/Stocksy.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e"},{"tagName":"div","source":"\u003cp class=\"css-4aeg3z\"\u003eThe development of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) drugs, such as Wegovy and Zepbound, has ushered in a new era in weight management. While these drugs can lead to significant weight loss, researchers and medical professionals have raised concerns about the accompanying loss of muscle tissue. This Special Feature discusses the challenges associated with assessing changes in muscle mass that accompany GLP-1 drug-induced weight loss, the potential impact of muscle mass loss, and how to preserve muscle mass.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"data-preamp":"serena-chatbot"},"source":""},{"tagName":"p","source":"Lifestyle changes can lead to successful weight loss, but many find it \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8FB832F4BE4630FC24AC977B0D8D9104/S2048679018000113a.pdf/successful_and_unsuccessful_weightloss_maintainers_strategies_to_counteract_metabolic_compensation_following_weight_loss.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003echallenging\u003c/a\u003e to achieve and maintain a healthy weight in the long term."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/269487\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eBariatric surgery\u003c/a\u003e can cause substantial and sustained weight loss but is generally recommended in cases of severe obesity. In contrast, drugs such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-wegovy\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eWegovy\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-zepbound\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eZepbound\u003c/a\u003e have shown an ability to produce weight loss almost to a similar extent as bariatric surgery."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Drugs such as Wegovy mimic the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a hormone secreted by the gastrointestinal tract, and are referred to as \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eGLP-1 agonists\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e."}]},{"id":"How-do-drugs-like-Wegovy-and-Zepbound-lead-to-weight-loss","isCollapsable":false,"header":["How do drugs like Wegovy and Zepbound lead to weight loss?"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"GLP-1 agonists facilitate weight loss by stimulating insulin secretion, delaying the emptying of the stomach contents, and reducing hunger."},{"tagName":"p","source":"The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), another gastrointestinal hormone, plays a similar role to the GLP-1 hormone, and GIP receptors are another target for weight-loss drugs."},{"tagName":"p","source":"For instance, tirzepatide, sold under the brand name Zepbound, binds to both GLP-1 and GIP receptors."},{"tagName":"p","source":"While these drugs are effective in inducing weight loss, whether this approach to weight management is healthy remains controversial. Specifically, there are concerns that GLP-1 agonists may cause a loss of muscle mass and function."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Such a loss of muscle mass and function is common in old age and is termed \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318501\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003esarcopenia\u003c/a\u003e. The loss of muscle mass and function in sarcopenia is associated with impaired physical function, reduced quality of life, and an increased risk of falls, illness, and death."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://trueyouweightloss.com/about/meet-the-team/dr-christopher-mcgowan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eChristopher McGowan, MD\u003c/a\u003e, a gastroenterologist and obesity medicine specialist, told \u003cem\u003eMedical News Today\u003c/em\u003e that:"},{"tagName":"blockquote","attributes":{"className":"is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow css-34gtoi"},"source":"\u003cp\u003e“Losing weight at the expense of lean muscle can lead to future problems, including reduced basal metabolic rate, decreased strength, fitness, and tone, reduced bone density, and an increased risk of weight recurrence. For these reasons, it is essential to prioritize muscle preservation.”\u003c/p\u003e"}]},{"id":"Why-is-weight-loss-associated-with-muscle-loss","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Why is weight loss associated with muscle loss?"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Muscle loss as a result of weight reduction in individuals with overweight or obesity is a normal phenomenon. Individuals with obesity and overweight tend to have \u003ca href=\"https://dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/doi/10.1111/dom.15728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003emore muscle mass\u003c/a\u003e than those with a healthy weight."},{"tagName":"p","source":"In individuals with obesity, the muscle tissue shows an accumulation of fat and changes in muscle fiber composition, resulting in reduced mobility and performance."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Notably, higher levels of infiltration of fat into muscles are \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/70/8/1030/2947703\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eassociated\u003c/a\u003e with decreased muscle strength and deficits in function."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003cstrong\u003eWeight loss induced by lower calorie intake is generally \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5421125/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eaccompanied by muscle loss\u003c/a\u003e and lower fat levels in the muscle tissue. In other words, weight loss results in an improvement in muscle composition but a decline in muscle volume.\u003c/strong\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Besides facilitating movement, muscles help absorb glucose (sugar) in response to insulin secreted after a meal. Obesity is characterized by impaired glucose uptake by the muscles and the liver."},{"tagName":"p","source":"This reduced sensitivity of muscles to insulin in obesity results in an increased breakdown of muscle protein and, subsequently, muscle loss. In contrast, weight loss improves muscle insulin sensitivity, which, in turn, helps prevent muscle protein breakdown. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"Since weight loss is typically associated with muscle loss, the concern with GLP-1 drugs is whether these medications induce excessive muscle loss than expected for the achieved decline in weight."}]},{"id":"How-do-we-know-if-muscle-loss-on-GLP-1-drugs-is-unhealthy","isCollapsable":false,"header":["How do we know if muscle loss on GLP-1 drugs is unhealthy?"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"One of the obstacles in determining the impact of GLP-1 agonists on muscle health has been the dearth of direct measurements of muscle volume and composition."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Studies examining the efficacy of GLP-1 drugs used for weight loss have generally quantified changes in fat and lean mass, with changes in lean mass serving as a surrogate for muscle mass. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"Lean mass consists of fat-free tissue, which includes muscles, organs, bones, water, and fluids. Even \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/jes/article/8/11/bvae164/7775409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e15% of adipose (fat) tissue\u003c/a\u003e is estimated to be made up of lean mass. Consequently, a considerable loss of adipose tissue is expected to be accompanied by a significant loss of fat-free mass."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003cstrong\u003eLean mass is thus unlikely to reflect changes in muscle mass accurately. Moreover, studies examining the impact of GLP-1 drugs on weight loss have reported considerable \u003ca href=\"https://dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/doi/10.1111/dom.15728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003evariation\u003c/a\u003e in the proportion of lean mass lost due to the same GLP-1 drug. \u003c/strong\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146309\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u003c/a\u003e can directly assess changes in muscle mass and composition, including fat infiltration. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) \u003ca href=\"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=58\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eguidelines\u003c/a\u003e do not require the assessment of muscle quality or volume in clinical trials assessing the efficacy of GLP-1 drugs for weight loss. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"Additionally, the threshold to define unhealthy muscle mass has been debated. For instance, muscle mass is influenced by an individual’s biological sex, body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). "},{"tagName":"p","source":"To address this issue, researchers have devised a method to assess healthy muscle volume by quantifying the magnitude by which an individual’s muscle mass differs from that of a standard group belonging to the same sex and with a similar body type."}]},{"id":"Who-should-worry-about-unhealthy-muscle-loss-on-GLP-1-drugs","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Who should worry about unhealthy muscle loss on GLP-1 drugs?"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Studies using MRI showed that \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Wiley\" rationale=\"Peer reviewed journal\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcsm.13445\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eliraglutide\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e (Victoza), a GLP-1 agonist used for diabetes, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.easd.org/media-centre/home.html?j=118422\u0026sfmc_sub=77326945\u0026l=327_HTML\u0026u=1738265\u0026mid=110007893\u0026jb=1#!resources/tirzepatide-achieves-significant-weight-loss-without-adverse-effects-on-muscle-composition-surpass-3-mri-d33f2a13-d83e-4112-8763-621e82d3e128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003etirzepatide\u003c/a\u003e (Zepbound) led to muscle loss that was expected with the observed magnitude of weight loss after accounting for age and the presence of other conditions. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003cstrong\u003eBoth liraglutide and tirzepatide effectively reduced muscle fat levels, thus improving muscle composition. In other words, evidence from a few studies suggests that GLP-1-agonist-induced weight loss may lead to expected levels of muscle loss while improving muscle quality, but further research is needed.\u003c/strong\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Muscles also play other \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"The Lancet\" rationale=\"Highly respected journal,Expert written journal,Peer reviewed journal\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(24)00272-9/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003evital roles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e, including secreting signaling molecules called myokines that modulate metabolism and inflammation and supporting protein synthesis in a starved state or during illness. Whether these functions of muscle tissue are affected by GLP-1-induced weight loss is unknown."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Individuals with a sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, co-occurring conditions, or at an advanced age are more likely to be at risk of experiencing the adverse effects of muscle loss associated with GLP-1-induced weight loss. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"According to McGowan:"},{"tagName":"blockquote","attributes":{"className":"is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow css-34gtoi"},"source":"\u003cp\u003e“Anyone with baseline reduced muscle mass should be cautious when starting a GLP-1 medication. For example, older adults with sarcopenia may be at the highest risk, as a further reduction in lean mass could jeopardize overall health and mobility. The use of GLP-1 medications in older adults has yet to be thoroughly studied in prospective clinical trials.”\u003c/p\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"“Likewise, anyone with baseline osteopenia or osteoporosis may be at risk of a further decrease in bone density and an increased risk of falls and fractures,” he added. ”Other at-risk populations include individuals on chronic steroids, which cause muscle wasting, patients unable to engage in strength and resistance training, or patients with muscle-wasting conditions like \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172179\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003echronic kidney disease\u003c/a\u003e.”"},{"tagName":"p","source":"McGowan also noted that even healthy individuals should expect some muscle loss. Although the muscle loss observed after GLP-1 treatments seem to be in line with the levels of expected weight loss, maintaining or increasing muscle mass can also prevent or retard weight regain in all individuals using these medications."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003cstrong\u003eIndividuals who rapidly lose a large amount of weight commonly \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764193/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eregain\u003c/a\u003e most of the weight in the subsequent 5 years.\u003c/strong\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Since muscles contribute to energy expenditure at more than twice the rate of fat tissue, the reduction in muscle and other lean mass accompanying fat loss results in lower energy expenditure after weight reduction. Thus, preventing muscle loss during weight reduction can help maintain higher levels of energy expenditure and avoid weight regain."}]},{"id":"How-can-you-preserve-muscle-mass-on-GLP-1-drugs","isCollapsable":false,"header":["How can you preserve muscle mass on GLP-1 drugs?"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Researchers have yet to examine strategies to preserve or increase muscle mass during weight loss induced by GLP-1 drugs. However, considerable evidence exists on approaches to prevent muscle loss due to aging or weight loss induced by calorie restriction or bariatric surgery."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003cstrong\u003eMuscle loss associated with the use of GLP-1 drugs can be mitigated by consuming a protein-rich diet and regular exercise. A moderate increase in protein consumption can help preserve muscle mass during weight loss. \u003c/strong\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://weightmedicinemd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eMeghan Garcia-Webb, MD\u003c/a\u003e, a board-certified physician in internal medicine, lifestyle medicine, and obesity medicine, told \u003cem\u003eMNT\u003c/em\u003e that: “A good goal is to aim for 1.0-1.2 grams of protein per kilogram, which is the ideal protein intake per body weight daily. So for someone who wanted to weigh 150 lbs [pounds], getting around 70-80 grams of protein daily would be a good goal.”"},{"tagName":"p","source":"McGowan further advised that “working closely with a registered dietitian can provide valuable insight and a customized nutrition plan while tracking intake can ensure one meets these recommended goals.“"},{"tagName":"p","source":"“GLP-1 medications can make you feel sick,“ he cautioned. “If you are nauseous, bloated, or uncomfortable, you are more likely to choose less nutritious, easier-to-digest foods, often low in protein. If medication side effects prevent you from reaching your nutrition goals, the dosage may need to be adjusted.”"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Supplementation with whey protein and essential amino acids can also help meet the desired daily protein intake and facilitate muscle protein synthesis. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003cstrong\u003eEndurance and resistance or weight training are effective in slowing down muscle loss accompanying weight loss. Moreover, resistance training can also increase muscle strength and improve physical function. Resistance training results in increased protein synthesis in the muscles and their composition and function. \u003c/strong\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Meghan Garcia-Webb said that:"},{"tagName":"blockquote","attributes":{"className":"is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow css-34gtoi"},"source":"\u003cp\u003e“Strength training is very important to anyone starting a GLP-1 agonist medication. I advise training at least twice per week for 30 minutes. If a patient is brand new to resistance training, I always recommend meeting with a trainer once or twice to make sure they know how heavy they should lift and that they are maintaining proper form.“\u003c/p\u003e"}]},{"id":"Staying-consistent-most-important-aspect-of-GLP-1-treatment","isCollapsable":false,"header":["‘Staying consistent’ most important aspect of GLP-1 treatment"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://ro.co/weight-loss/dr-beverly-tchang/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eBeverly Tchang, MD\u003c/a\u003e, an assistant professor of Clinical Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine, also noted to \u003cem\u003eMNT\u003c/em\u003e that “people who are at risk of frailty or sarcopenia (e.g., elderly) and taking a GLP-1 [drug] should be more mindful of incorporating resistance training to mitigate lean mass loss.”"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Data from the United States suggest that some patients discontinue GLP-1 drugs within \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11127113/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ethe first year\u003c/a\u003e, with one of the reasons being the cost of drugs. Weight regain is common after the discontinuation of these medications."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003cstrong\u003eMcGowan emphasized that: “The key to healthy, sustainable weight loss is maintaining protein intake and nutrition, performing regular resistance exercise, and staying consistent. Starting and stopping a medication can be detrimental and will all but guarantee weight regain and future difficulty losing weight.”\u003c/strong\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"“Monitoring body composition during treatment can provide critical information. Options include bioelectrical impedance scales, DEXA scans, or a simple tape measure to assess nonscale changes. This knowledge can help guide treatment and provide essential reassurance during times of minimal weight loss,” he added."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Besides lifestyle changes, drugs that help prevent muscle loss may also be used in combination with GLP-1. Growth hormone and drugs that stimulate the release of growth hormone are used to slow down muscle loss after bariatric surgery and could be potentially used in combination with GLP-1 drugs."},{"tagName":"p","source":"However, growth hormone treatment is expensive and associated with adverse effects, including muscle and joint pain and risk of diabetes."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Currently, preclinical and clinical studies are also assessing drugs that prevent muscle loss by blocking the action of hormones, such as activin and myostatin, that inhibit muscle growth. One such treatment being investigated in clinical trials is the monoclonal antibody \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"JAMA\" rationale=\"Highly respected journal,Expert written journal,Peer reviewed journal\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774903\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eBimagrumab\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e, which blocks the receptor for the hormone activin II."}]}],"hasAffiliateLinks":false,"affiliates":[],"propsFor":{"articleResources":[],"byline":{"authors":[{"id":5343,"name":{"display":"Deep Shukla","first":"Deep","last":"Shukla"},"link":"/authors/deep-shukla","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eSince graduating with a doctorate in neuroscience in December 2018, Deep Shukla has worked as a freelance science writer. Besides writing articles for Medical News Today, Deep has ghostwritten several layperson-friendly blogs, grants, and literature reviews. When he is not working, he enjoys watching old movies and listening to music.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/11/Deep-Shukla-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"medicalReviewers":[],"id":"mnt-3605566","updateReason":[],"editor":"Maria Cohut Ph.D.","factCheckedBy":"Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D.","factCheckers":[{"id":137,"name":{"display":"Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D.","first":"Jill","last":"Seladi-Schulman, PhD"},"userLogin":"jseladischul","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jillseladischulman/","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/reviewers/jill-seladi-schulman","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"122525","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003eDr. Jill Seladi-Schulman is a freelance medical writer and fact checker. She was previously a project setup manager for clinical trials and specializes in microbiology and infectious disease, having written her dissertation on influenza virus morphology. Dr. Seladi-Schulman has publications in peer-reviewed journals. She also has had her work featured on the cover of the Journal of Virology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEmory University, PhD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, BS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis individual is no longer a medical reviewer in our network. The credentials and information reflected above are only associated with other freelance roles the individual may currently hold.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":200,"height":200,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/JillSeladi-Schulman.png"}}],"articleHistory":{"2024-11-27":{"updateReason":[],"authors":"Deep Shukla","editor":"Maria Cohut Ph.D.","factCheckedBy":"Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D."}},"articleDates":{"factChecked":{"date":1732708800,"display":"November 27, 2024"},"medicallyReviewed":{"date":null,"display":""},"published":{"date":1732708800,"display":"November 27, 2024"},"lastUpdates":{"date":1732708800,"display":"November 27, 2024"},"modified":{"date":1732707859,"display":"November 27, 2024"},"postDraftCreationDate":{"date":1731498884,"display":"November 13, 2024"},"versionFirstPublish":{"date":1732705250,"display":"November 27, 2024"}},"type":"newsarticles","language":"en"},"readNext":{"items":[{"title":["In Conversation: What do we know about the weight loss plateau on Wegovy?"],"text":["How does semaglutide help with weight management, and why do some people on Wegovy hit a weight loss plateau? We explore these and other questions on…"],"link":"/articles/in-conversation-what-do-we-know-about-the-weight-loss-plateau-on-wegovy","imageAlt":"In Conversation: What do we know about the weight loss plateau on Wegovy?","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-in-conversation-732x549-feature.png","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":879,"name":{"display":"Maria Cohut, Ph.D.","first":"Maria","last":"Cohut Ph.D."},"userLogin":"mcohut","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/maria-cohut","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eMaria is an insatiably curious soul, particularly fascinated by the mysterious workings of the human brain, medical history, and our relationship with our own bodies, both during and after life. Before joining Medical News Today, Maria worked as a teacher, academic ambassador, and a freelance writer and copy editor. Recently, she finished a Ph.D. in English at the University of Warwick in the U.K. In her spare time, she learns Japanese, occasionally practices taxidermy, and spreads her infectious love of invertebrates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYou can follow Maria on \u003ca class=\"\u0026quot;button_followrel=\u0026quot;noopener\" href=\"//twitter.com/MNT_MariaCohut\u0026quot;\" target=\"\u0026quot;_blanktitle=\u0026quot;Follow\"\u003eTwitter\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/500x500_Maria_Cohut.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["How much protein do you need to build muscle?"],"text":["In this Honest Nutrition feature, we look at how much protein a person needs to build muscle mass, what the best protein sources are, and what risks…"],"link":"/articles/how-much-protein-do-you-need-to-build-muscle","imageAlt":"How much protein do you need to build muscle?","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/honest-nutrition-feature-013.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":5697,"name":{"display":"Lindsey DeSoto, RDN, LD","first":"Lindsey","last":"DeSoto, RDN, LD"},"userLogin":"ldesoto","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/lindsey-desoto-rdn-ld","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eLindsey is a registered dietitian and medical writer covering topics such as digestive health, cancer, mental health, and healthy aging. She also holds a position as a clinical dietitian at Gulfport Memorial Hospital. She has a Bachelor of Science degree from The University of Alabama and a Bachelor of Science degree in business management from The University of Southern Mississippi. She has a passion for health and nutrition and enjoys helping clients improve their diet for health-related reasons.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/11/Lindsey-DeSoto-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Can food be medicine? Pros and cons"],"text":["Can we use food and diet as medicine? If so, to what extent? What are the pros and cons of this approach to healthcare? We investigate."],"link":"/articles/can-food-be-medicine-pros-and-cons","imageAlt":"Can food be medicine? Pros and cons","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/04/honest-nutrition-feature-019.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":4951,"name":{"display":"Amber Charles Alexis, MSPH, RDN","first":"Amber","last":"Charles Alexis, MSPH, RDN"},"userLogin":"acharles","links":{"website":"https://www.theculturaldietitian.com/","facebook":"https://www.facebook.com/theculturaldietitian/","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"https://www.facebook.com/theculturaldietitian/","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/amber-charles-alexis","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eAmber Alexis is a public health nutritionist and registered dietitian, certified in integrative and functional nutrition. Known by her nickname The Cultural Dietitian, Amber focuses on providing informative and culturally sensitive nutrition content for the Caribbean diaspora and alike. When she’s not writing, creating content, presenting, or consulting with clients, she enjoys travel, quality family time, and adventurous outdoor activities throughout her twin-isle home, Trinidad and Tobago. Find her on her \u003ca class=\"PrimaryLink BaseLink\" href=\"https://www.theculturaldietitian.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ewebsite\u003c/a\u003e or follow along on \u003ca class=\"PrimaryLink BaseLink\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/theculturaldietitian/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eFacebook\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca class=\"PrimaryLink BaseLink\" href=\"https://www.instagram.com/ambercharles_rdn/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eInstagram\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/01/Amber-Charles-Alexis-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Side effects of phentermine oral forms"],"text":["Phentermine, which is used short term for weight loss, can cause side effects. Learn about side effects in males and females and how to manage them."],"link":"/articles/drugs-phentermine-oral-forms-side-effects","imageAlt":"Side effects of phentermine oral forms","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/03/MNT-tablet-732x549-thumbnail-001.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":831,"name":{"display":"Alex Brewer, PharmD, MBA","first":"Alex","last":"Brewer, PharmD, MBA"},"userLogin":"acbrew1","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/alex-brewer-pharm-d-mba","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"163451","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDr. Alex Brewer is a certified pharmacist specializing in chronic disease and health and wellness. Dr. Brewer is also a consultant for Rx Studio, a pharmacokinetic modeling platform.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eUniversity of Kentucky, PharmD, MBA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCertifications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLicensed Pharmacist\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eCertified Naloxone Dispensing Pharmacist\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProfessional Accomplishments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eCompleted a community pharmacy residency with a focus in geriatric care at University of Kentucky\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAffiliations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://kappa-psi.com/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eKappa Psi Pharmaceutical Fraternity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/08/Alexander_Brewer_500x500.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Zepbound refrigeration and storage needs"],"text":["Learn about Zepbound (tirzepatide) storage requirements, including how long you can keep Zepbound in the refrigerator, safe disposal of the drug, and…"],"link":"/articles/drugs-does-zepbound-need-to-be-refrigerated","imageAlt":"Zepbound refrigeration and storage needs","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/09/man-searching-fridge-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":957,"name":{"display":"Beth Sissons","first":"Beth","last":"Sissons"},"userLogin":"bethsissons","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/beth-sissons","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eBeth lives in London and works as a freelance writer on a range of projects. Along with writing regular articles for Medical News Today, she writes for the Horniman Museum, an anthropology museum in South London. This involves recording minutes for conferences, blogging for their website, and documenting their process of curating art exhibitions. She loves theatre, yoga, and cycling in her spare time.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","src":""}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"}]},"isCorp":false,"isReference":false,"isPremiumVideo":false,"isStandaloneVideo":false,"isStandaloneRecipe":false,"schemaObj":{"@context":"https://schema.org","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Medical News Today","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/structure/images/logo/logo-2017-640-60.png"}},"@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How to preserve muscle mass on weight-loss drugs like Wegovy","description":"There is some debate as to whether GLP-1 agonist drugs like Wegovy can lead to unhealthy muscle mass loss in addition to general weight loss. 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Besides writing articles for Medical News Today, Deep has ghostwritten several layperson-friendly blogs, grants, and literature reviews. When he is not working, he enjoys watching old movies and listening to music.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/11/Deep-Shukla-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"medicalReviewers":[],"id":"mnt-3605566","updateReason":[],"editor":"Maria Cohut Ph.D.","factCheckedBy":"Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D.","factCheckers":[{"id":137,"name":{"display":"Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D.","first":"Jill","last":"Seladi-Schulman, PhD"},"userLogin":"jseladischul","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jillseladischulman/","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/reviewers/jill-seladi-schulman","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"122525","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003eDr. Jill Seladi-Schulman is a freelance medical writer and fact checker. 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