Microbial measurements

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class="nist-section-header__sub"> <div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-section-header__title"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">Microbial measurements</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix" > <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-12" > <div class="text-with-summary margin-bottom-5"> <div class="nist-callout"> <p>Trillions of microorganisms, communities known as “microbiomes,” live on and inside us, in our homes and the air we breathe, and in soil and plants. Most microbiomes contribute to necessary functions within us and our environments, like digestion and plant growth. We are largely living in successful partnership with them. A better understanding of these complex microbial communities would help us harness them for applications to human and animal health, agriculture and food safety, water treatment, manufacturing, renewable energy, and the detection of biological threats.</p> <p>For microbiome research to more quickly deliver products to the clinic and market and make the best use of taxpayer funding, the field requires standardized protocols for sample collection, and reference materials and data. These standardized tools help the many organizations working on microbiome research reproduce each other’s work and build upon it. Standards also enable “comparability”: results obtained in different labs with different procedures can be meaningfully compared to one another with more certainty, which is particularly important when making decisions about treating patients.</p> </div> <p><span><span><span><span>NIST develops standards, methods, tools, and technology to advance the reliability of <a href="https://www.nist.gov/mml/bbd/primary-focus-areas/microbiome">microbial community measurements</a>,</span></span></span></span><span><span><span> <span>pathogen detection and identification, and microbial cell quantification for use in various sectors of the bioeconomy.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>NIST's programs in microbial metrology are supported by our deep expertise in measurement science, microbiology, metabolomics, metagenomics, flow cytometry, and bioinformatics. The microbiome field has seen disruptive technological innovations over the last 2 decades, paving the way for new science.  We are developing advanced measurements, documentary standards, and reference materials to improve confidence in microbial measurements. For example, NIST scientists led the development of </span></span><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="dca54b36-99f1-4f4f-a3a6-6ab3ed93ed20" href="/programs-projects/rm-8376-microbial-pathogen-dna-standards-detection-and-identification" title="RM 8376 Microbial Pathogen DNA Standards for Detection and Identification"><span>RM 8376</span></a><span><span><span>,</span></span></span><span><span> a Mixed Microbial Genomic DNA standard designed to assess the analytical performance of metagenomic next generation sequencing (NGS)-based pathogen detection. The team is now working towards the development of whole cell microbial reference materials including the generation of single strain and mixed multi-strain materials.  </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>NIST co-founded and leads the </span></span><a href="https://www.immsa.org"><span>International Microbiome and Multi-Omics Standards Alliance (IMMSA)</span></a><span><span>, an open consortium of microbiome-focused researchers from industry, academia, and government that exists for the mutual benefit of the entire microbiome scientific community. IMMSA currently has over 700 members and convenes recurring webinars that provide a platform for researchers to share ideas and discuss challenges related to microbiome measurement assurance.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>The </span></span><span lang="EN"><span>NIST-led </span></span><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e21cec0b-5a45-4c01-9e02-c9f29cc09980" href="/programs-projects/nist-rapid-microbial-testing-methods-consortium" title="NIST Rapid Microbial Testing Methods Consortium "><span lang="EN">Rapid Microbial Testing Methods Consortium</span></a><span lang="EN"><span> aims to support the use of rapid methods to detect microbial contaminants in regenerative medicine and advanced therapy products</span></span><span><span>. </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>Wastewater surveillance is a promising approach to monitor biological and chemical contaminants on a community level and has recently been shown effective for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. While much has been learned during the COVID-19 pandemic response, much work remains to establish a wastewater surveillance capability poised to address new targets as they emerge.  NIST is working with DHS and EPA to develop </span></span><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="bf0de8a1-ecbb-4207-9795-3cfda204971e" href="/news-events/events/2021/06/dhsnist-workshop-standards-support-enduring-capability-wastewater" title="DHS/NIST Workshop: Standards to Support an Enduring Capability in Wastewater Surveillance for Public Health"><span><span><span>standards that help enable </span></span></span></a><span>robust, comparable wastewater surveillance<span>.  NIST, in collaboration with the EPA, is also developing a </span></span><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="66a2bf55-e8af-43cc-a866-76c55a9e0d2d" href="/programs-projects/standards-assessing-safety-recreational-waters-fecal-contamination" title="Standards for Assessing the Safety of Recreational Waters from Fecal Contamination"><span>DNA reference material</span></a><span><span> to assess the analytical performance of EPA-developed water quality testing methods. </span></span></span></span></p> </div> <div class="nist-block" > <div class="grid-container margin-y-5"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--topic-text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> Key Accomplishments </h2> </div> <div class="tablet-lg:grid-col-8 padding-right-5"> <div class="text-long"><ul> <li>NIST responded to the expanding mpox <span>(MPXV) </span>outbreak with the development of an <strong><span>Mpox</span> Research Grade Test Material (<a href="https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/mpxv-monkeypox-synthetic-dna-pcr-standards" title="https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/mpxv-monkeypox-synthetic-dna-pcr-standards">RGTM 10223</a>). </strong>The material is used for validating and ensuring the accuracy of <span>mpox </span>tests and is freely available to testing laboratories and diagnostic test manufacturers worldwide. The <span>mpox </span>test uses PCR to detect genetic sequences from the virus that causes the disease. The NIST RGTM contains those genetic sequences and can be used by laboratories as a positive control.</li> <li><span><span><span><span>NIST established the </span><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e21cec0b-5a45-4c01-9e02-c9f29cc09980" href="/programs-projects/nist-rapid-microbial-testing-methods-consortium" title="NIST Rapid Microbial Testing Methods Consortium "><strong><span>NIST Rapid Microbial Testing Methods</span></strong></a><strong> </strong><span>(RMTM) Consortium in 2020 to accelerate the adoption of rapid and validated methods for ensuring the safety and quality of advanced therapies, including cell therapy, gene therapy, and tissue engineered products.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span><span>NIST now offers the<strong> Mixed Microbial Pathogen DNA Standard </strong></span><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="dca54b36-99f1-4f4f-a3a6-6ab3ed93ed20" href="/programs-projects/rm-8376-microbial-pathogen-dna-standards-detection-and-identification" title="RM 8376 Microbial Pathogen DNA Standards for Detection and Identification"><strong><span>RM </span></strong><strong><span lang="EN">8376</span></strong></a><span>, the first of its kind metagenomic benchmarking tool, for assessing the analytical performance of NGS</span><span>-</span><span>based pathogen detection. The material consists of genomic DNA purified from 20 different organisms and has been assigned non-certified values for genome copy number based on digital droplet PCR. This project was the foundational project in establishing the NIST microbiome program and has led to the development of other NIST products for pathogen detection.  </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span><span>NIST developed a <strong>living yeast cell reference material</strong> </span><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="df5a7a7d-e6fd-445f-895f-9dcd6641b341" href="/programs-projects/living-yeast-cell-reference-material-rm-8230" title="Living Yeast Cell Reference Material (RM 8230)"><span>RM 8230</span></a><span> as a safe training material for biological response scenarios.  The material consists of live engineered yeast cells characterized for total cell count and colony forming units (CFUs) and serves as a known input for assessing and comparing cell counting methods and DNA-based detection approaches.  It also supports minimal risk field training in biothreat detection. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span>NIST served as the Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) team for the DARPA/BTO Friend or Foe program. In this role, NIST developed complex microbial mixtures containing greater than 50 strains, with and without simulated environmental matrices to test and validate the technologies being developed.</span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span><span>NIST co-founded and leads the </span><a href="https://www.microbialstandards.org/"><strong><span>International Microbiome and Multi-Omics Standards Alliance</span></strong></a><span> (IMMSA), an open consortium of microbiome-focused researchers from industry, academia, and government </span><span>that </span><span>exists for the mutual benefit of the entire microbiome scientific community. IMMSA convenes recurring webinars that provide a platform for researchers to share ideas and discuss challenges related to microbiome measurements. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span><span><span>NIST participated in the </span></span><a href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/ftac-mm_report_final_112015_0.pdf"><strong><span><span>FAST Track Action Committee on Mapping the Microbiome (FTAC-MM</span></span></strong></a><strong><span><span>)</span></span></strong><span><span> to identify Federal investments, research needs, and resource gaps to develop an integrated Federal plan for microbiome research priorities. One of the top recommendations of the FTAC-MM was to support the development and adoption of standards and reference materials for the microbiome scientific community.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span><span><span>NIST, in partnership with the Janssen Human Microbiome Institute (JHMI) and other industry partners, hosted an international interlaboratory study referred to as the<strong> “</strong></span></span><a href="https://platform.mosaicbiome.com/challenges/8"><strong><span><span>Mosaic Standards Challenge</span></span></strong></a><strong><span><span>” </span></span></strong><span><span>designed to assess the impact of the multitude of methodological variables commonly used during microbiome metagenomic measurement workflows on the results. In total, over 50 labs participated to collectively measure 350 samples. Data analysis and manuscript preparation are underway. </span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span><span><span>NIST conducted a </span></span><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="67732f79-9f31-42f3-a058-33e4da040eb2" href="/programs-projects/gut-microbiome-metabolomics-interlaboratory-program" title="Gut Microbiome Metabolomics Interlaboratory Program "><strong><span><span>Gut Microbiome Metabolomics Interlaboratory Study</span></span></strong></a><span><span> within the metabolomics community to survey measurement variability  on analysis of human gut microbiome (whole stool) metabolite measurements. The results revealed large disparities among participants using a given analytical platform, likely due in part to variations in the methodological variables.    </span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span><span><span>NIST has developed a candidate human whole stool reference material and established an effort with the </span></span><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11306-020-01744-5"><strong><span><span>gut microbiome</span></span></strong> </a><span><span>community to characterize the material for microbial and metabolite composition. NGS-based metagenomics and mass spectrometry- and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics protocols are being developed and applied to identify and quantify components with clinical relevance.  </span></span></span></span></span></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-5"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--topic-research paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>The Research</h2> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-8 padding-right-5 margin-y-2"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Projects & Programs</h2> <article about="/programs-projects/biofilm-models-evaluate-structure-function-relationships" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/biofilm-models-evaluate-structure-function-relationships" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/03/06/Strepmutans.JPG?itok=vqlVkskI" width="67" height="100" alt="Streptococcus mutans" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/biofilm-models-evaluate-structure-function-relationships"><span>Biofilm Models to Evaluate Structure-Function Relationships</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Biofilms are complex 3D microbial structures that exist throughout nature including on our skin and gut mucosa, in waterways, and in soil. They are typically composed of multiple microbial species surrounded by proteins, polysaccharides, and extracellular DNA woven together into a hydrated matrix </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/nist-rapid-microbial-testing-methods-consortium" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/nist-rapid-microbial-testing-methods-consortium"><span>NIST Rapid Microbial Testing Methods Consortium</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> The safety and quality of advanced therapies, including cell therapy, gene therapy, and tissue engineered products, must be maintained prior to patient administration. The culture-based compendial methods currently used to assess product purity (specifically to ensure absence of microbial </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/pathogen-detection-and-identification-next-generation-analyses" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/pathogen-detection-and-identification-next-generation-analyses"><span>Pathogen Detection and Identification: The Next Generation of Analyses</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Human disease resulting from pathogens represents a tremendous burden on the health care system. Many hospitals have adopted new, rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection systems because the time to diagnose and begin effective treatment has a direct impact on patient survival and </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/standards-support-biothreat-detection" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/standards-support-biothreat-detection" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/02/27/Surrogate2.JPG?itok=oOccQbje" width="77" height="100" alt="First responders collecting samples of the yeast surrogate material during a field exercise. (Credit: NIST)" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/standards-support-biothreat-detection"><span>Standards to Support Biothreat Detection</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Since 9/11 and the subsequent anthrax attacks in 2001, suspicious white powder incidents continue to occur within the US, often requiring Federal law enforcement response. Suspect samples are sent to public health laboratories for confirmatory evaluation, which can take hours to weeks to receive </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/darpa-friend-or-foe-fof-independent-verification-and-validation-ivv" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/darpa-friend-or-foe-fof-independent-verification-and-validation-ivv" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/02/11/workflow_IVnV.png?itok=698ssYW-" width="100" height="38" alt="DARPA IV&V Workflow" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/darpa-friend-or-foe-fof-independent-verification-and-validation-ivv"><span>DARPA Friend or Foe (FoF) – Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V)</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--green boolean">Completed</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Vision Validate new measurement platforms for identifying commensal (friend) and pathogenic (foe) microorganisms Goal Provide well-characterized, microbial community reference materials of increasing complexity Approach Start with well-characterized pure cultures and scale up to complex consortia in </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/microbial-genomic-measurements" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/microbial-genomic-measurements"><span>Microbial Genomic Measurements</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--green boolean">Completed</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> The RM 8375 is a stable and homogeneous material whose intended use is whole genome sequencing quality control and proficiency testing. The genomic DNA is intended to be analyzed in the same way as any other sample a laboratory would analyze extracted DNA, such as through the use of genome assembly </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/rm-8376-microbial-pathogen-dna-standards-detection-and-identification" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/rm-8376-microbial-pathogen-dna-standards-detection-and-identification"><span>RM 8376 Microbial Pathogen DNA Standards for Detection and Identification</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> RM 8376 consists of 20 individual gDNA components from 19 bacterial strains and 1 human reference genome. Its purpose is to enable developers and regulators to evaluate the analytical performance of metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) tools. The material is certified for chromosomal copy </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/standards-assessing-safety-recreational-waters-fecal-contamination" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/standards-assessing-safety-recreational-waters-fecal-contamination" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/05/12/SRM2917_plasmid.png?itok=8CSZOKe2" width="98" height="100" alt="DNA Plasmid containing 13 PCR targets for water quality testing" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/standards-assessing-safety-recreational-waters-fecal-contamination"><span>Standards for Assessing the Safety of Recreational Waters from Fecal Contamination</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--green boolean">Completed</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Over 286 million Americans get their tap water from a community water system. To assure the water safety, bacterial testing must be performed regularly. Major sources of contaminants include human derived sources, such as sewage leaks or combined sewer overflows; and agricultural sources, such as </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/microbial-cell-quantification-methods-toward-whole-cell-reference-materials" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/microbial-cell-quantification-methods-toward-whole-cell-reference-materials" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/03/06/cellcounting.jpg?itok=NcVcoibM" width="100" height="42" alt="A naeslundii disaggregation" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/microbial-cell-quantification-methods-toward-whole-cell-reference-materials"><span>Microbial Cell Quantification Methods – Toward Whole Cell Reference Materials</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Bacterial disaggregation as a strategy to improve cell counting ( S. Servetas, S. Da Silva) Counting bacterial cells is challenging enough when they are single, individual cells. It can be further complicated by the various bacterial morphologies (e.g., chains, clusters, etc.), which interfere with </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/methods-quantify-microbial-viability" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/methods-quantify-microbial-viability"><span>Methods to Quantify Microbial Viability</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Validating DNA-based methods to quantify viable bacteria ( S. Da Silva , G. Pinheiro) Microbial detection technologies based on nucleic acid measurements, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are powerful detection tools that can provide relatively rapid results as compared to traditional </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/living-yeast-cell-reference-material-rm-8230" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/living-yeast-cell-reference-material-rm-8230" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/02/27/RM2Yeast.JPG?itok=1amw8eWF" width="100" height="77" alt="RM2Yeast" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/living-yeast-cell-reference-material-rm-8230"><span>Living Yeast Cell Reference Material (RM 8230)</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Quantification of total and viable microbial cells is critical for applications ranging from assessment of DNA extraction efficiency in support of microbial metagenomics to characterization of antimicrobial efficacy. In addition, safe biological materials are needed to substitute for true biothreat </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/human-gut-microbiome-reference-material" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/human-gut-microbiome-reference-material"><span>Human Gut Microbiome Reference Material</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> The most common measurements currently being used to describe these complex microbial communities are: NGS-based metagenomics Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics In either case, no fit-for-purpose standards exist that enable researchers to compare results generated across different laboratories and </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="link-list"><a href="/laboratories/projects-programs/topic/248361">View All Projects/Programs</a></div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4 margin-y-2"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="margin-y-4"> </div> <div class="margin-y-4"> </div> <div class="margin-y-4"> </div> <div class="margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Publications</div> </h2> <div class="nist-block " > <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-c5e096d73b85eb0ce5347139208a6c481ab766fe6c6dde973151b0743737fe70"> <div> <article about="/publications/results-multi-laboratory-ocean-metaproteomic-intercomparison-effects-lc-ms-acquisition" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/results-multi-laboratory-ocean-metaproteomic-intercomparison-effects-lc-ms-acquisition"><span>Results from a multi-laboratory ocean metaproteomic intercomparison: effects of LC-MS acquisition and data analysis procedures</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-11-08T12:00:00Z">November 8, 2024</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item">Mak Saito, Jaclyn Saunders, Matthew McIlvin, Erin Bertrand, John Breier, Margaret Brisbin, Sophie Colston, Jaimee Compton, Tim Griffin, Judson Harvey, Robert Hettich, Pratik Jagtap, Michael Janech, Rod Johnson, Rick Keil, Hugo Kleikamp, Dasha Leary, Scott McCain, Eli Moore, Subina Mehta, Dawn Moran, Jacqui Neibauer, <span class="nist-author">Benjamin Neely</span>, Michael Jakuba, Jim Johnson, Megan Duffy, Gerhard Herndl, Richard Giannone, Ryan Mueller, Brook Nunn, Martin Pabst, Samantha Peters, Andrew Rajczewski, Elden Rowland, Brian Searle, Tim Van Den Bossche, Gary Vora, Jacob Waldbauer, Haiyan Zheng, Zihao Zhao</div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Metaproteomics is an increasingly popular methodology that provides information regarding the metabolic functions of specific microbial taxa and has potential </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/publications/preventing-ribozyme-catalysis-through-cdna-synthesis-crucial-accurate-rt-qpcr" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/preventing-ribozyme-catalysis-through-cdna-synthesis-crucial-accurate-rt-qpcr"><span>Preventing ribozyme catalysis through cDNA synthesis is crucial for accurate RT-qPCR measurements of context-dependent ribozyme activity</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-10-01T12:00:00Z">October 1, 2024</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Nina Alperovich</span>, <span class="nist-author">Olga Vasilyeva</span>, <span class="nist-author">Samuel Schaffter</span></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Self-cleaving ribozymes are important tools in synthetic biology, biomanufacturing, and nucleic acid therapeutics. These broad applications deploy ribozymes in </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/publications/association-biomolecular-resource-facilities-proteome-informatics-research-group-study" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/association-biomolecular-resource-facilities-proteome-informatics-research-group-study"><span>The Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities Proteome Informatics Research Group Study on Metaproteomics (iPRG-2020)</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-08-07T12:00:00Z">August 7, 2023</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item">Pratik Jagtap, Michael Hoopmann, <span class="nist-author">Ben Neely</span>, Anthony Harvey, Lukas Käll, Yasset Perez-Riverol, Milky Abajorga, Julie Thomas, Susan Weintraub, Magnus Palmblad</div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Metaproteomics research using mass spectrometry data has emerged as a powerful strategy to understand the mechanisms underlying microbiome dynamics and the </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/publications/online-dashboards-sars-cov-2-wastewater-data-need-standard-best-practices-environmental" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/online-dashboards-sars-cov-2-wastewater-data-need-standard-best-practices-environmental"><span>Online dashboards for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater data need standard best practices: An environmental health communication agenda</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-04-17T12:00:00Z">April 17, 2023</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item">Colleen Naughton, Rochelle Holm, <span class="nist-author">Nancy Lin</span>, Brooklyn James, Ted Smith</div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the benefits of wastewater surveillance to supplement clinical data. 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