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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1948–1993:_Origins_of_the_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948–1993:_Origins_of_the_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1948–1993: Origins of the network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948–1993:_Origins_of_the_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1994–1999:_Launch_and_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1994–1999:_Launch_and_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1994–1999: Launch and early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1994–1999:_Launch_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1999–2004:_Viacom_era_and_decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1999–2004:_Viacom_era_and_decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1999–2004: Viacom era and decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1999–2004:_Viacom_era_and_decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005–2006:_CBS_Corporation_era_and_network_closure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005–2006:_CBS_Corporation_era_and_network_closure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2005–2006: CBS Corporation era and network closure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005–2006:_CBS_Corporation_era_and_network_closure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Programming</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programming subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-News_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>News programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children's_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children's_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Children's programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children's_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Television films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Affiliates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Affiliates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Affiliates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Affiliates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Station_standardization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Station_standardization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Station standardization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Station_standardization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%86" title="يو بي إن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يو بي إن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Paramount_Network" title="United Paramount Network – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="United Paramount Network" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Paramount_Network" title="United Paramount Network – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United Paramount Network" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Paramount_Network" title="United Paramount Network – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="United Paramount Network" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Paramount_Network" title="United Paramount Network – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="United Paramount Network" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یوپی‌ان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوپی‌ان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Paramount_Network" title="United Paramount Network – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="United Paramount Network" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%93%9C_%ED%8C%8C%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88%EC%9A%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%84%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%9B%8C%ED%81%AC" title="유나이티드 파라마운트 네트워크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유나이티드 파라마운트 네트워크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN_(rete_televisiva)" title="UPN (rete televisiva) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="UPN (rete televisiva)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Paramount_Network" title="United Paramount Network – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United Paramount Network" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Paramount_Network" title="United Paramount Network – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="United Paramount Network" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Paramount_Network" title="United Paramount Network – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="United Paramount Network" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Paramount_Network" title="United Paramount Network – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United Paramount Network" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN" title="UPN – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="UPN" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Paramount_Network" title="United Paramount Network – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="United Paramount Network" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E6%B4%BE%E6%8B%89%E8%92%99%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91" title="联合派拉蒙电视网 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="联合派拉蒙电视网" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q206272#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American television network (1995–2006)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the defunct television network. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/UPN_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="UPN (disambiguation)">UPN (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the current-day cable network, the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Network" title="Paramount Network">Paramount Network</a>, or the defunct terrestrial network, the <a href="/wiki/Overmyer_Network" title="Overmyer Network">United Network</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Television channel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250536050">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header{background-color:#bfdfff;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-tv-channel"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">United Paramount Network</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:UPN_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/UPN_logo.svg/220px-UPN_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/UPN_logo.svg/330px-UPN_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/UPN_logo.svg/440px-UPN_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="918" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Final logo used from 2002 to 2006</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Defunct broadcast <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television network</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliates</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_UPN_affiliates" title="List of former UPN affiliates">List of former UPN affiliates</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BHC_Communications" title="BHC Communications">United Television/Chris-Craft Television</a> (1995–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom_(1952%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (1952–2006)">Viacom</a> (2000–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Corporation" title="CBS Corporation">CBS Corporation</a> (2005–2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">October 27, 1993<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1993-10-27</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">January 16, 1995<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1995-01-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="United Television">United Television</a> (a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Chris-Craft_Industries" title="Chris-Craft Industries">Chris-Craft Industries</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television" title="Paramount Television">Paramount Television</a> (a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(1952%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (1952–2006)">Viacom</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closed</th><td class="infobox-data">September 15, 2006<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2006-09-15</span>)</span><br />(11 years, 242 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Replaced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050427002755/http://www.upn.com/">upn.com</a></span> (archived 2005)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United Paramount Network</b> (<b>UPN</b>) was an American <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">broadcast</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television network</a> that operated from 1995 to 2006. It was originally owned by <a href="/wiki/Chris-Craft_Industries" title="Chris-Craft Industries">Chris-Craft Industries</a>' subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/BHC_Communications#United_Television" title="BHC Communications">United Television</a>. <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(1952%E2%80%932005)" title="Viacom (1952–2005)">Viacom</a> (through its <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television" title="Paramount Television">Paramount Television</a> unit, which produced most of UPN's series) turned it into a <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> in 1996 after acquiring a 50% stake in UPN, and subsequently purchased Chris-Craft's remaining stake in 2000. On December 31, 2005, UPN was kept by <a href="/wiki/CBS_Corporation" title="CBS Corporation">CBS Corporation</a>, which was the new name for Viacom when it split into two separate companies. On January 24, 2006, CBS Corporation and <a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a> jointly announced that the companies would shut down UPN and competitor <a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a> to launch a new joint venture network later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-UPN,_WB_merge_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPN,_WB_merge-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UPN ceased broadcasting on September 15, 2006, with The WB following two days later. Select programs from both networks moved to the new network, <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>, when it launched on September 18, 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-UPN,_WB_merge_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPN,_WB_merge-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a year-by-year chronological history of the network and its programming, see <a href="/wiki/History_of_UPN" title="History of UPN">History of UPN</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1948–1993:_Origins_of_the_network"><span id="1948.E2.80.931993:_Origins_of_the_network"></span>1948–1993: Origins of the network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1948–1993: Origins of the network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> had played a pivotal role in the development of network television. It was a partner in the <a href="/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network">DuMont Television Network</a>, and the Paramount Theaters chain, which was spun off from the corporate/studio parent and merged with <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> in a deal that helped cement that network's status as a major network. The <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Network" title="Paramount Television Network">Paramount Television Network</a> was launched in 1948, but dissolved in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paramount had long had plans for its own television network with the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Service" title="Paramount Television Service">Paramount Television Service</a>. Set to launch in early 1978, it would have run its programming for only one night a week. Thirty "Movies of the Week" would have followed <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Phase_II" title="Star Trek: Phase II">Star Trek: Phase II</a></i> on Saturday nights. Plans for the new network were scrapped when sufficient advertising slots could not be sold, though Paramount would contribute some programs to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Prime_Time" title="Operation Prime Time">Operation Prime Time</a>, such as the mini-series <i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Called_Golda" title="A Woman Called Golda">A Woman Called Golda</a></i>, and the weekly pop music program, <i><a href="/wiki/Solid_Gold_(TV_series)" title="Solid Gold (TV series)">Solid Gold</a></i>. <i>Star Trek: Phase II</i> was reworked as the theatrical film, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Motion_Picture" title="Star Trek: The Motion Picture">Star Trek: The Motion Picture</a></i>, absorbing the costs already incurred from the aborted television series. </p><p>Paramount, and its eventual parent <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(1952%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (1952–2006)">Viacom</a> (which bought the studio's then-parent, Paramount Communications, in 1994), continued to consider launching their own television network. <a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">Independent stations</a>, even more than <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">network affiliates</a>, were feeling the growing pressure of audience erosion to <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a> in the 1980s and 1990s; there were unaffiliated commercial <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television stations</a> in most of the major television markets, even after the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> in 1986. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a>, which had long been successful in syndication with repeats of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i>, launched several first-run syndicated series by the 1990s, including <i><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight" title="Entertainment Tonight">Entertainment Tonight</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Arsenio_Hall_Show" title="The Arsenio Hall Show">The Arsenio Hall Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Friday_the_13th:_The_Series" title="Friday the 13th: The Series">Friday the 13th: The Series</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Worlds_(1988_TV_series)" title="War of the Worlds (1988 TV series)">War of the Worlds</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine" title="Star Trek: Deep Space Nine">Star Trek: Deep Space Nine</a></i>. </p><p>In 1993, <a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chris-Craft_Industries" title="Chris-Craft Industries">Chris-Craft Industries</a> entered into a <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> to distribute programs via a <a href="/wiki/Prime_time" title="Prime time">prime time</a> programming service, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Time_Entertainment_Network" title="Prime Time Entertainment Network">Prime Time Entertainment Network</a> (PTEN), which is UPN's partial parent. Chris-Craft later became a partner in UPN, and Time Warner launched The WB in a joint venture with the <a href="/wiki/Tribune_Media" title="Tribune Media">Tribune Company</a> at roughly the same time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1994–1999:_Launch_and_early_years"><span id="1994.E2.80.931999:_Launch_and_early_years"></span>1994–1999: Launch and early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1994–1999: Launch and early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Upn1995.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Upn1995.png/175px-Upn1995.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Upn1995.png/263px-Upn1995.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Upn1995.png/350px-Upn1995.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="212" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The original UPN logo, used from 1995 to 1999, and in various iterations from 1997 to 2002 (though the "primary colors" variant continued on some affiliates and in print advertising until 2002).</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UPN_Logo_1998.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/UPN_Logo_1998.svg/175px-UPN_Logo_1998.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/UPN_Logo_1998.svg/263px-UPN_Logo_1998.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/UPN_Logo_1998.svg/350px-UPN_Logo_1998.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Silver variant of UPN logo, used from 1997 to 2002.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Paramount formed the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Stations_Group" title="Paramount Stations Group">Paramount Stations Group</a> in 1991 when it purchased the assets of the <a href="/wiki/TVX_Broadcast_Group" title="TVX Broadcast Group">TVX Broadcast Group</a>, which owned several independent stations in major markets. This was not unlike the purchase of the <a href="/wiki/Metromedia" title="Metromedia">Metromedia</a> stations by <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corporation</a> five years earlier, which were used as the nucleus for Fox. In another parallel, <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> (the News Corporation subsidiary behind the Fox network, which was spun off with the company's other entertainment assets to <a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Fox" title="21st Century Fox">21st Century Fox</a> on June 28, 2013 before <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a> <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_21st_Century_Fox_by_Disney" title="Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney">acquired</a> them on March 20, 2019), like Paramount, had long been a powerhouse in television syndication. All indicators suggested that Paramount was about to launch a network of its own. </p><p>On October 27, 1993, Paramount and Chris-Craft announced the formation of a new television network, later to be named the <b>United Paramount Network</b>, with initial plans to run two hours of programming in prime time for two nights per week.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new network would be owned by <a href="/wiki/Chris-Craft_Industries" title="Chris-Craft Industries">Chris-Craft Industries</a>, while most of its shows were to be produced by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television" title="Paramount Television">Paramount Television</a>. </p><p>Initially, the network was to simply be called "U", but the "U Network" trademark was held by the now-defunct <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_College_Broadcasters" title="National Association of College Broadcasters">National Association of College Broadcasters</a> (NACB), which had been operating a satellite television programming network featuring programs largely produced by college students since 1991. The founder and first head of UPN, <a href="/wiki/Lucie_Salhany" title="Lucie Salhany">Lucie Salhany</a>, approached NACB with an offer of US$50,000 to transfer the name. Due to the costs related to rebranding the student network, and under the advice of its then-volunteer legal counsel, Cary Tepper, the non-profit association countered with a request of $100,000, which Salhany refused. At one point, the network was set to be titled the <b>U/P Network</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before its current name was decided. Ultimately, the "U" in UPN stood for Chris-Craft subsidiary <a href="/wiki/BHC_Communications#United_Television" title="BHC Communications">United Television</a>, which owned the network's two largest stations, <a href="/wiki/WWOR-TV" title="WWOR-TV">WWOR-TV</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/KCOP-TV" title="KCOP-TV">KCOP-TV</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>; the "P" represented Paramount Television, the studio that formed a programming partnership with Chris-Craft to create the network. Chris-Craft and Paramount/Viacom each owned independent stations in several large and mid-sized U.S. cities, and these stations formed the nuclei of the new network. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> announced plans to launch a similar network, which would become known as <a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a>, in close proximity to UPN. The belief that a new broadcast network could grow to be competitive was predicated on the idea that the network in question would not have a fledgling rival to contend with. With the change in landscape, the joint understanding of assured defeat prompted executives from <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(1952%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (1952–2006)">Viacom</a> and Time Warner (at the time, UPN and The WB's respective owners, with the latter owning most of The WB) to discuss the prospect of <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">merging</a> the networks together.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both sides reached an agreement on the division of affiliates, but Chris-Craft expressed extreme skepticism and declined to proceed with the merger. A merger would ultimately come in 2006 with the creation of <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>. </p><p>UPN launched on January 16, 1995, initially carrying programming only on Monday and Tuesday nights from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific Time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first telecast, the <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_(Star_Trek:_Voyager)" title="Caretaker (Star Trek: Voyager)">two-hour pilot episode</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Voyager" title="Star Trek: Voyager">Star Trek: Voyager</a></i>, was an auspicious start, with 21.3 million viewers; however, <i>Voyager</i> would neither achieve such viewership levels again, nor would any of the series premiering on UPN's second night of broadcasting survive the season. In contrast, The WB debuted one week earlier, on January 11, with four series – only one of which, <i><a href="/wiki/Muscle_(TV_series)" title="Muscle (TV series)">Muscle</a></i>, would not survive its first season. The first comedy series to premiere on UPN were <i><a href="/wiki/Platypus_Man" title="Platypus Man">Platypus Man</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Richard_Jeni" title="Richard Jeni">Richard Jeni</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Pig_Sty" title="Pig Sty">Pig Sty</a></i>, with both shows airing Monday nights in the 9:00 p.m. hour; both received mixed reviews. Neither lasted long. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other early UPN programs included the action series <i><a href="/wiki/Nowhere_Man_(American_TV_series)" title="Nowhere Man (American TV series)">Nowhere Man</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Greenwood" title="Bruce Greenwood">Bruce Greenwood</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Marker_(TV_series)" title="Marker (TV series)">Marker</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Richard_Grieco" title="Richard Grieco">Richard Grieco</a>; the comic western <i><a href="/wiki/Legend_(TV_series)" title="Legend (TV series)">Legend</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dean_Anderson" title="Richard Dean Anderson">Richard Dean Anderson</a>; the sci-fi themed action series, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sentinel_(TV_series)" title="The Sentinel (TV series)">The Sentinel</a></i>; and <i><a href="/wiki/Moesha" title="Moesha">Moesha</a></i>, a sitcom starring R&B musician <a href="/wiki/Brandy_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandy (entertainer)">Brandy Norwood</a>. Of the network's early offerings, only <i>Star Trek: Voyager</i>, <i>Moesha</i> and <i>The Sentinel</i> would last longer than one season. As a result of the lack of viewership, UPN operated on a loss and had lost $800 million by 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within nearly two years of the network's launch, on December 8, 1996, Paramount/Viacom purchased a 50% stake in UPN from Chris-Craft for approximately $160 million.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Fox had done nine years earlier, UPN started with a few nights of programming each week, with additional nights of primetime shows gradually being added over the course of several seasons. Because of this, UPN's affiliates were basically independent stations for all intents and purposes during the network's early years, with these stations airing either syndicated programs or movies during primetime on nights when the network did not provide programming. The first expansion of its primetime lineup came with the addition of programming on Wednesday nights on March 6, 1996 (during the second half of the 1995–96 season); that expansion also saw UPN assume the broadcast rights to the <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_Entertainment_Awards" title="Blockbuster Entertainment Awards">Blockbuster Entertainment Awards</a>, which aired its inaugural broadcast on CBS the year before. </p><p>UPN ordered 36 sci-fi films to air as part of its weekly movie presentations beginning in 1998; the films were supplied by four production companies, with most of the titles coming from Paramount. Some titles would be shown on <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a> first, which allowed the <a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">premium cable channel</a> to cooperate in advertising the movies.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UPN completed its prime time expansion in the 1998–99 season, with Thursdays and Fridays as the last nights of programming to be added to the network's evening slate. That season saw the debut of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Diary_of_Desmond_Pfeiffer" title="The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer">The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer</a></i>, a sitcom set during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> that centered on a black English nobleman who becomes the valet to <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>; even before its premiere, the series was riddled by controversy and protests from several African American activist groups (including the Los Angeles chapter of the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, who picketed outside <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Studios">Paramount Studios</a> one week before the originally scheduled <a href="/wiki/Television_pilot" title="Television pilot">pilot episode</a>) and some advertisers for its perceived lighthearted take on <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">American slavery in the 19th century</a>. Despite the publicity <i>Desmond</i> received from the controversial approach it applied to its topic, the series suffered from low ratings (with the first episode on October 5, 1998, placing 116th out of 125 programs aired that week on network television) and was canceled after four episodes.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1999–2004:_Viacom_era_and_decline"><span id="1999.E2.80.932004:_Viacom_era_and_decline"></span>1999–2004: Viacom era and decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1999–2004: Viacom era and decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paramount_networklogo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Paramount_networklogo.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="80" /></a><figcaption>Proposed logo for the scrapped Paramount Network.</figcaption></figure> <p>Six months before Viacom announced its $36 billion merger with (the original) <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation">CBS Corporation</a>, in March 1999, Viacom applied a contractual clause that would – within a 45-day grace period – force Chris-Craft to either buy Viacom out of UPN, or have Chris-Craft sell its ownership stake in UPN to Viacom. Three days later on February 8, Chris-Craft subsequently filed a lawsuit against Viacom in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> to block Viacom's merger with CBS, claiming that a pact signed between the two partners in 1997 had prevented either from owning "any interest, financial or otherwise" in "any competing network," including CBS, for a four-year period through January 2001. On March 17, New York Supreme Court judge Herman Cahn ruled against Chris-Craft's move for a permanent <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunction</a> to curtail the Viacom-CBS merger and the enforcement of Viacom's ultimatum.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unable to find a suitable partner, on March 20, Chris-Craft allowed Viacom to buy out its 50% stake for $5 million, giving Viacom full control of UPN.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gave UPN the rare distinction of being one of the only broadcast networks to not have had <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">owned-and-operated stations</a> (O&O) in the three largest media markets, New York City, Los Angeles, and <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> (with The WB – the only network that never have had an O&O – being the only other, as minority owner <a href="/wiki/Tribune_Broadcasting" title="Tribune Broadcasting">Tribune Broadcasting</a> owned most of its charter affiliates including those in <a href="/wiki/WPIX" title="WPIX">all</a> <a href="/wiki/KTLA" title="KTLA">three</a> <a href="/wiki/WGN-TV" title="WGN-TV">markets</a>, while majority owner Time Warner only owned <a href="/wiki/WPCH-TV" title="WPCH-TV">WTBS-TV</a>, an independent station that originated then-<a href="/wiki/Superstation" title="Superstation">superstation</a> <a href="/wiki/TBS_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="TBS (TV network)">TBS</a>). With Viacom taking full ownership control of UPN, KCOP-TV and WWOR-TV lost their statuses as O&Os and automatically became affiliates of the network, with the network's <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> owned-and-operated flagship stations becoming <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> outlet <a href="/wiki/WPSG" title="WPSG">WPSG</a> (now an independent station) and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> outlet <a href="/wiki/KPYX" title="KPYX">KBHK-TV</a> (now KPYX, also an independent). In addition, neither Chris-Craft or Viacom had ever held ownership of Chicago affiliate <a href="/wiki/WPWR-TV" title="WPWR-TV">WPWR-TV</a>, which had been the largest UPN station that was not owned-and-operated by the network before the Viacom buyout. </p><p>Shortly afterward, Viacom shortened the network's official name from the "United Paramount Network" to the three-letter initialism, "UPN". Viacom also proposed a rebranding of UPN into the "<b>Paramount Network</b>", using a prototype logo based on Paramount's mountain logo, which served as the basis for the "P" triangle in the network's original logo that was used until September 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This idea was abandoned after many affiliates protested, citing that the rebranding might confuse viewers and result in ratings declines, alongside the costs of rebranding their stations with a new image and new network (and possible call sign changes). Several years later, cable television network Spike (part of Viacom) rebranded as <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Network" title="Paramount Network">Paramount Network</a>. </p><p>Viacom's purchase of <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> a few months before (which resulted in the merger of that network's owned-and-operated stations into Viacom's Paramount Stations Group unit), created duopolies between CBS and UPN stations in Philadelphia (<a href="/wiki/KYW-TV" title="KYW-TV">KYW-TV</a> and WPSG), <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> (<a href="/wiki/WBZ-TV" title="WBZ-TV">WBZ-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/WSBK-TV" title="WSBK-TV">WSBK-TV</a>), <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a> (<a href="/wiki/WFOR-TV" title="WFOR-TV">WFOR-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/WBFS-TV" title="WBFS-TV">WBFS-TV</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_Metroplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth</a> (<a href="/wiki/KTVT" title="KTVT">KTVT</a> and <a href="/wiki/KTXA" title="KTXA">KTXA</a>), <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> (<a href="/wiki/WWJ-TV" title="WWJ-TV">WWJ-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/WKBD-TV" title="WKBD-TV">WKBD-TV</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> (<a href="/wiki/KDKA-TV" title="KDKA-TV">KDKA-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/WPKD-TV" title="WPKD-TV">WNPA</a>). Viacom's purchase of CBS was said to be the "death knell" for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>'s longtime ban on <a href="/wiki/Duopoly_(broadcasting)" title="Duopoly (broadcasting)">television station duopolies</a>. Further transactions added <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> (<a href="/wiki/KPIX-TV" title="KPIX-TV">KPIX-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/KPYX" title="KPYX">KBHK-TV</a>, the latter of which was traded to Viacom/CBS by <a href="/wiki/Fox_Television_Stations" title="Fox Television Stations">Fox Television Stations</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> (<a href="/wiki/KOVR" title="KOVR">KOVR</a> and <a href="/wiki/KMAX-TV" title="KMAX-TV">KMAX-TV</a>, the former of which was sold to Viacom/CBS by the <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a>) to the mix. </p><p>At the time of UPN's launch, the network's <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Flagship_(broadcasting)" title="Flagship (broadcasting)">flagship stations</a> were Chris-Craft-owned WWOR-TV in <a href="/wiki/Secaucus,_New_Jersey" title="Secaucus, New Jersey">Secaucus, New Jersey</a> (which serves the New York City market) and KCOP-TV in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> (which serves the Los Angeles market). Even after Chris-Craft sold its share in the network to Viacom, WWOR and KCOP were still commonly regarded as the <i>de jure</i> flagship stations of the network since it had long been common practice for this status to be associated with a network's station in the East Coast and West Coast. For this reason, some doubt was cast on UPN's future after Fox Television Stations bought most of Chris-Craft's television stations for $5.5 billion on August 12, 2000, which included several UPN affiliates (including WWOR and KCOP).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fox later bought the third-largest UPN affiliate, Chicago's WPWR-TV, through a separate deal with <a href="/wiki/Newsweb_Corporation" title="Newsweb Corporation">Newsweb Corporation</a> for $450 million in June 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the uncertainty of the network's future following the Fox purchases, UPN reached four-year affiliation agreements with Fox Television Stations' nine UPN affiliates on September 24, 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, UPN entered into a public bidding war to acquire two series from The WB – <i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Roswell_(TV_series)" title="Roswell (TV series)">Roswell</a></i> – from producing studio <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox Television">20th Century Fox Television</a>. UPN eventually outbid The WB for the shows and aired them together on Tuesday nights until <i>Roswell</i> ended its run in 2002; <i>Buffy</i> ended its run the following year. In January 2002, Viacom President and COO, <a href="/wiki/Mel_Karmazin" title="Mel Karmazin">Mel Karmazin</a> restructured the network, resulting in UPN being taken out of the ownership of <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television" title="Paramount Television">Paramount Television</a>, and being placed under the oversight of CBS Television, with CBS President <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Moonves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leslie Moonves">Leslie Moonves</a> being given responsibility for the network. Under CBS, new shows began to breathe life into the network starting in Fall 2003 with <i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model" title="America's Next Top Model">America's Next Top Model</a></i> and sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/All_of_Us" title="All of Us">All of Us</a></i> (which was produced by <a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jada_Pinkett_Smith" title="Jada Pinkett Smith">Jada Pinkett Smith</a>), followed up by the Fall 2004 premiere of the mystery series <i><a href="/wiki/Veronica_Mars" title="Veronica Mars">Veronica Mars</a></i> and the Fall 2005 premiere of the sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/Everybody_Hates_Chris" title="Everybody Hates Chris">Everybody Hates Chris</a></i>, produced and narrated by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Rock" title="Chris Rock">Chris Rock</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005–2006:_CBS_Corporation_era_and_network_closure"><span id="2005.E2.80.932006:_CBS_Corporation_era_and_network_closure"></span>2005–2006: CBS Corporation era and network closure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2005–2006: CBS Corporation era and network closure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="2006 United States broadcast television realignment">2006 United States broadcast television realignment</a></div> <p>On June 14, 2005, Viacom announced that it would be split into two companies due to declining performance of the company's stock; both the original Viacom – which was renamed <a href="/wiki/CBS_Corporation" title="CBS Corporation">CBS Corporation</a> – and a new company that took the <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%932019)" title="Viacom (2005–2019)">Viacom</a> name would be controlled by the original Viacom's parent <a href="/wiki/National_Amusements" title="National Amusements">National Amusements</a> (controlled by <a href="/wiki/Sumner_Redstone" title="Sumner Redstone">Sumner Redstone</a>). UPN was kept by CBS Corporation, while the new Viacom took Paramount Pictures among other holdings each company acquired in the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The split took effect on December 31, 2005. </p><p>On January 24, 2006, UPN parent CBS Corporation and <a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a>, the majority owner of The WB, announced that they would shut down the two respective networks and launch a new broadcast network that would be operated as a joint venture between both companies, <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>, which incorporated UPN and The WB's higher-rated programs with newer series produced exclusively for The CW. The new network immediately signed 10-year affiliation agreements with 16 stations affiliated with The WB (out of 19 stations that were affiliated with the network) that were owned by that network's part-owner, the <a href="/wiki/Tribune_Media" title="Tribune Media">Tribune Company</a> – including stations in the coveted markets of <a href="/wiki/WPIX" title="WPIX">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/KTLA" title="KTLA">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/WGN-TV" title="WGN-TV">Chicago</a> – and 11 UPN stations that were owned by CBS Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-UPN,_WB_merge_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPN,_WB_merge-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fox Television Stations' nine UPN affiliates were passed over for affiliations as a result, and two days later, those stations removed all UPN branding from those stations and ceased promotion of the network's programs. One month later on February 22, Fox announced the formation of <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a>, a new network that would also launch in September 2006 that would use the company's soon-to-be former UPN affiliates as the nucleus.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next eight months, determinations were made as to which shows from the two networks would cross over to The CW, as well as which of UPN and The WB's affiliate stations would be selected to become affiliates of the new network. Programming-wise, six UPN shows – <i>America's Next Top Model</i> (which was the last surviving series from UPN that remained on The CW's schedule until it moved to <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a> in 2016), <i>Veronica Mars</i>, <i>Everybody Hates Chris</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Girlfriends_(2000_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Girlfriends (2000 TV series)">Girlfriends</a></i>, <i>All of Us</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/WWE_SmackDown" title="WWE SmackDown">WWE SmackDown!</a></i> – were chosen to move to The CW for its inaugural 2006–07 fall schedule. </p><p>With the exception of <i>WWE SmackDown!</i>, all of the programs that aired during the network's final three months were reruns. Unlike The WB, which closed its operations two days later with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_of_Favorites_and_Farewells" class="mw-redirect" title="The Night of Favorites and Farewells">The Night of Favorites and Farewells</a></i> (a special night of programming paying tribute to the network's most popular series), UPN closed with little to no fanfare on September 15, 2006, fading to black after that night's <i>WWE SmackDown!.</i> The Fox-owned UPN stations had disaffiliated from the network on August 31; as a result, UPN's last two weeks of programming did not air in 10 markets where Fox owned a UPN affiliate that was set to become an owned-and-operated station of MyNetworkTV, when that network launched on September 5, alongside other markets where the local UPN station affiliated with MyNetworkTV or terminated their UPN affiliation during the summer. Shortly after the network's closure, UPN's website was redirected to The CW's website, and then to CBS's website. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_UPN" title="List of programs broadcast by UPN">List of programs broadcast by UPN</a></div> <p>At the time of its shutdown, UPN ran only two hours of primetime network programming on Monday through Fridays from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">ET</a> (compared to the three primetime hours on Monday through Saturdays and four hours on Sundays offered by the <a href="/wiki/Big_Three_television_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Three television networks">Big Three networks</a>, ABC, NBC and CBS). UPN never carried any weekend primetime programming throughout the network's run (though it did offer children's programming on weekend mornings until 2003, and a movie package to its affiliates on weekend afternoons until 2000, when the latter was replaced with a two-hour repeat block of UPN programs); as a result, affiliates held the responsibility of programming their Saturday and Sunday evening schedules with syndicated programs, sports, movies or network programs that were preempted from earlier in the week due to special programming, in the 8:00–10:00 p.m. (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific Time</a>) time period. This primetime scheduling allowed for many of the network's affiliates to air local newscasts during the 10:00–11:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific Time) time period. </p><p>Most of UPN's programming through the years was produced by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television" title="Paramount Television">Paramount Television</a> or a Viacom-owned sister company (<a href="/wiki/Viacom_Productions" title="Viacom Productions">Viacom Productions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Ticket_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Ticket Television">Big Ticket Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spelling_Television" title="Spelling Television">Spelling Television</a> or <a href="/wiki/CBS_Productions" title="CBS Productions">CBS Productions</a>). UPN's first official program was <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Voyager" title="Star Trek: Voyager">Star Trek: Voyager</a></i>, with the first comedy shows to debut being two short-lived series: the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Jeni" title="Richard Jeni">Richard Jeni</a> <a href="/wiki/Star_vehicle" title="Star vehicle">starring vehicle</a> <i>Platypus Man</i> and <i>Pig Sty</i>. </p><p>Other notable UPN programs during the network's existence included <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sentinel_(TV_series)" title="The Sentinel (TV series)">The Sentinel</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Moesha" title="Moesha">Moesha</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Enterprise" title="Star Trek: Enterprise">Star Trek: Enterprise</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/WWE_SmackDown" title="WWE SmackDown">WWE SmackDown</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model" title="America's Next Top Model">America's Next Top Model</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Girlfriends_(2000_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Girlfriends (2000 TV series)">Girlfriends</a></i>, the <i>Moesha</i> spin-off <i><a href="/wiki/The_Parkers" title="The Parkers">The Parkers</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Veronica_Mars" title="Veronica Mars">Veronica Mars</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Everybody_Hates_Chris" title="Everybody Hates Chris">Everybody Hates Chris</a></i>, and the animated adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/Dilbert_(TV_series)" title="Dilbert (TV series)">Dilbert</a></i>. In Summer 2005, UPN aired <i><a href="/wiki/R_U_the_Girl" title="R U the Girl">R U the Girl</a></i>, in which <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a> group <a href="/wiki/TLC_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="TLC (music)">TLC</a> (not with Left Eye) searched for a woman to join them on a new song. The network also produced some special programs, including 2001's <i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Chef_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Chef USA">Iron Chef USA</a></i>. Much of UPN's comedy programming between 1996 and 2006 (particularly those that aired as part of the network's Monday evening lineup) was largely aimed at <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> audiences, with minor exceptions in shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/Clueless_(TV_series)" title="Clueless (TV series)">Clueless</a></i>, <i>Realitycheck</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Head_over_Heels_(American_TV_series)" title="Head over Heels (American TV series)">Head Over Heels</a></i>. </p><p>UPN occasionally acquired series canceled by the other broadcast networks, including former WB series <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i> and <i>Roswell</i> (both of which moved to UPN in 2001, <i>Buffy</i> was picked up after The WB chose not to renew it due to issues with license fees while <i>Roswell</i> joined UPN after that same network also canceled the series),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and former ABC series <i><a href="/wiki/Clueless_(TV_series)" title="Clueless (TV series)">Clueless</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hughleys" title="The Hughleys">The Hughleys</a></i>. The first program that UPN acquired from another network was <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_House_(TV_series)" title="In the House (TV series)">In the House</a></i>, which moved to the network from <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> (which canceled the <a href="/wiki/LL_Cool_J" title="LL Cool J">LL Cool J</a> sitcom after its second season) in 1996. In its later years, as part of the network's desire to maintain its own identity with its own unique shows, UPN instituted a policy of "not picking up other networks' scraps", which was a strong argument when fan pressure was generated in 2004 for them to pick up <i><a href="/wiki/Angel_(1999_TV_series)" title="Angel (1999 TV series)">Angel</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Spin-off_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-off (media)">spin-off</a> of <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i> which had been dropped from The WB. </p><p>UPN aired only one regular sports event program: the much-hyped <a href="/wiki/XFL_(2001)" title="XFL (2001)">XFL</a> in 2001, airing Sunday evening games as part of a package from co-creator and <a href="/wiki/WWE" title="WWE">WWE</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Vince_McMahon" title="Vince McMahon">Vince McMahon</a>, which also included what was then <i><a href="/wiki/WWE_SmackDown" title="WWE SmackDown">WWF SmackDown!</a></i>, and the only time the network carried programming officially outside of weeknights.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UPN had planned to air a second season of the XFL in 2002, but it also demanded that <i>SmackDown!</i> be reduced by 30 minutes; McMahon did not agree to the change and the football league folded not long afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News_programming">News programming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: News programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like Fox and The WB, UPN never aired national morning or evening <a href="/wiki/Newscast" class="mw-redirect" title="Newscast">newscasts</a>; however, several of its affiliates and owned-and-operated stations did produce their own local news programs. Several UPN affiliates ran a local newscast in the 10:00–11:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific (9:00–10:00 p.m. Central and Mountain Time) timeslot at some point during or throughout their affiliations with the network; there were also a few stations that produced a weekday morning newscast, although early evening newscasts were largely absent on most of these stations. The UPN affiliate body had fewer news-producing stations in comparison to stations aligned with the Big Three television networks (NBC, ABC and CBS) and considerably fewer than Fox and especially The WB. In several markets, the local UPN affiliate either outsourced news programming to an NBC, ABC or CBS station in the market (either due to insufficient funds or studio space for production of their own newscasts, or in later years after the FCC permitted duopolies in markets with at least eight unique station owners in 2000, the station being operated through a legal duopoly or <a href="/wiki/Local_marketing_agreement" title="Local marketing agreement">management agreement</a> with a major network affiliate); other affiliates opted to carry syndicated programming in the hour following UPN's primetime programming lineup. For example, one of the largest O&O UPN affiliates in the country, <a href="/wiki/WPWR-TV" title="WPWR-TV">WPWR-TV</a>, never aired news programming in its 11-year run. This is mainly due to Viacom and <a href="/wiki/Chris-Craft_Corporation" title="Chris-Craft Corporation">Chris Craft</a>'s non-affiliation with the Chicago station. </p><p>When the network launched in January 1995, UPN automatically added six affiliates with functioning news departments through Chris-Craft/United Television and Viacom's respective affiliation deals with the network; all of those stations started their news operations as either <a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">independent stations</a> or during prior affiliations with other networks: WWOR-TV/Secaucus, New Jersey (New York City), KCOP-TV/Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/WKBD-TV" title="WKBD-TV">WKBD-TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/KPTV" title="KPTV">KPTV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/KMSP-TV" title="KMSP-TV">KMSP-TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/WTOG" title="WTOG">WTOG</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a>. Two more stations would join them later on: <a href="/wiki/KSTW" title="KSTW">KSTW</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, also owned by Viacom at the time, after it affiliated with UPN in 1997 through the reversal of a 1995 affiliation switch with CBS affiliate <a href="/wiki/KIRO-TV" title="KIRO-TV">KIRO-TV</a> (which also kept its news department as a UPN affiliate), and KMAX-TV/Sacramento, which joined UPN after being acquired by Viacom in 1998 and began producing newscasts shortly after its 1995 affiliation with The WB. KSTW and WTOG's news departments were shut down in 1998 due to cost-cutting measures mandated by Viacom; newscasts would briefly return to KSTW via a news sharing agreement with KIRO-TV between 2003 and 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not all of UPN's news-producing stations were owned by the two companies that formed the nuclei of the network's affiliate group; <a href="/wiki/WUAB" title="WUAB">WUAB</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, which started its news department in 1988, also continued its 10:00 p.m. newscast as a UPN affiliate (it would begin producing newscasts for sister station <a href="/wiki/WOIO" title="WOIO">WOIO-TV</a> in February 1995, after that station became a CBS affiliate; though WOIO eventually took over production of the newscast by 2002). <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WXBU" title="WXBU">WLYH-TV</a> briefly continued its newscasts after switching to UPN from CBS in 1995, until <a href="/wiki/WHP-TV" title="WHP-TV">WHP-TV</a> began operating the station under a <a href="/wiki/Local_marketing_agreement" title="Local marketing agreement">local marketing agreement</a> that fall. <a href="/wiki/WFTC" title="WFTC">WFTC</a>/Minneapolis continued to produce a late evening newscast after <a href="/wiki/Fox_Television_Stations" title="Fox Television Stations">Fox Television Stations</a> (which acquired KMSP-TV through the Chris-Craft purchase, and converted it into a Fox O&O) acquired the station from <a href="/wiki/Clear_Channel_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear Channel Communications">Clear Channel Communications</a> and switched the station to UPN – it was moved to 10:00 p.m. to avoid competing with KMSP's 9:00 p.m. newscast until the WFTC newscast was canceled in June 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the exception of KPTV and KMSP, both of which are now Fox stations, none of the former UPN affiliates that produced newscasts during their affiliation with the network continue to maintain an independent news department – despite license requirements imposed by the station's 1983 transfer of its license to Secaucus, New Jersey from New York City to cover New Jersey issues, WWOR-TV, which continued to produce news programming after coming under common ownership with Fox O&O <a href="/wiki/WNYW" title="WNYW">WNYW</a>, shut down its news department in July 2013 and replaced its lone 10:00 p.m. newscast with an outside produced program called <i>Chasing New Jersey</i>, a move that resulted in calls by state politicians for the FCC to revoke Fox's license to operate the station.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/KTTV" title="KTTV">KTTV</a> took over production of sister station KCOP's newscasts in 2007, before discontinuing news programming on that station in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KMAX's news department has since been merged with that of KOVR although it still produces a morning newscast separate from that station. WKBD shut down its news department (which was later shared with <a href="/wiki/WWJ-TV" title="WWJ-TV">WWJ-TV</a>) in December 2002, with its 10:00 p.m. newscast continuing to be produced by ABC affiliate <a href="/wiki/WXYZ-TV" title="WXYZ-TV">WXYZ-TV</a> until its eventual cancellation in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CBS re-launched a news operation for both WWJ and WKBD under the umbrella title of <i>CBS News Detroit</i> in January 2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children's_programming"><span id="Children.27s_programming"></span>Children's programming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Children's programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/UPN_Kids" title="UPN Kids">UPN Kids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disney%27s_One_Too" title="Disney's One Too">Disney's One Too</a></div> <p>When the network launched in January 1995, UPN introduced a weekend morning cartoon block called <i><a href="/wiki/UPN_Kids" title="UPN Kids">UPN Kids</a></i> (later called "The UPN Kids Action Zone" during the 1998–99 season). In 1997, UPN added two teen-oriented series to the lineup with reruns of the syndicated <i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Valley_High_(TV_series)" title="Sweet Valley High (TV series)">Sweet Valley High</a></i> (based on the young adult book series by <a href="/wiki/Francine_Pascal" title="Francine Pascal">Francine Pascal</a>) and a new series, <i><a href="/wiki/Breaker_High" title="Breaker High">Breaker High</a></i> (which co-starred a then-unknown <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Gosling" title="Ryan Gosling">Ryan Gosling</a>); both shows filled the weekday morning block for the 1997–98 season, while they were also included alongside the animated series on Sunday mornings. Unlike other networks, UPN gave its affiliates the option of running its weekend children's program block on either Saturdays or Sundays. In January 1998, the network entered into a deal with <a href="/wiki/Saban_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Saban Entertainment">Saban Entertainment</a> to program the Sunday morning block (with shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(1996_TV_series)" title="The Incredible Hulk (1996 TV series)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/X-Men:_The_Animated_Series" title="X-Men: The Animated Series">X-Men</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_(1981_TV_series)" title="Spider-Man (1981 TV series)">Spider-Man</a></i> joining the lineup).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were rumors that UPN then entered into discussions with then-corporate sister <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon" title="Nickelodeon">Nickelodeon</a> (both networks were owned by <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(1952%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (1952–2006)">Viacom</a>) to produce a new block.<sup id="cite_ref-Disney_talks_called_off_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Disney_talks_called_off-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, UPN contracted the rights to the network's children's programming lineup to <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>; as a result, the teen-oriented and animated series were replaced with a new block called <i><a href="/wiki/Disney%27s_One_Too" title="Disney's One Too">Disney's One Too</a></i>, which debuted on September 6, 1999, and featured select programs seen on ABC's <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_(TV_programming_block)#Disney's_One_Saturday_Morning" title="ABC Kids (TV programming block)">Disney's One Saturday Morning</a></i> lineup (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Recess_(TV_series)" title="Recess (TV series)">Recess</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sabrina:_The_Animated_Series" title="Sabrina: The Animated Series">Sabrina: The Animated Series</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many UPN affiliates at the network's launch were already airing <a href="/wiki/The_Disney_Afternoon" title="The Disney Afternoon">The Disney Afternoon</a>, a block supplied by Disney-owned syndication distributor <a href="/wiki/Disney%E2%80%93ABC_Domestic_Television" title="Disney–ABC Domestic Television">Buena Vista Television</a>; however, that block would be discontinued in August 1997. The addition of <i>Disney's One Too</i> expanded UPN's children's program block back to two hours, running on Sunday mornings and weekday afternoons. In September 2002, <i><a href="/wiki/Digimon:_Digital_Monsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Digimon: Digital Monsters">Digimon: Digital Monsters</a></i> moved to UPN from <a href="/wiki/Fox_Kids" title="Fox Kids">Fox Kids</a>, due to Disney's acquisition of Fox's children's program inventory as well as the Fox Family Channel, which was renamed <a href="/wiki/History_of_Freeform_(TV_channel)#ABC_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Freeform (TV channel)">ABC Family</a> (now Freeform) the past year. At the same time, the "One Too" branding was dropped from on-air usage due to the rebranding of ABC's Saturday morning lineup from <i>One Saturday Morning</i> to <i>ABC Kids</i> (although the block was unofficially referred to as <i>Disney's Animation Weekdays</i> outside the network). UPN subsequently chose not to renew its contract with Disney, with the network dropping all children's programming after August 31, 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This left UPN as one of only two major broadcast networks that did not air a children's programming block, the other being Pax TV, which discontinued its <i>Pax Kids</i> lineup in 2000, before returning children's programming as <a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion Television</a> through the 2006 launch of <a href="/wiki/Qubo" title="Qubo">Qubo</a> (as a 24/7 network, it was pulled off the air in 2021). Incidentally, UPN's successor The CW carried over the <a href="/wiki/Kids%27_WB" title="Kids' WB">Kids' WB</a> Saturday morning lineup from fellow predecessor The WB, resulting in UPN affiliates that joined The CW in September 2006 carrying network-supplied children's programming for the first time since the <i>One Too</i> block ended. </p><p>Some Fox stations that declined to carry <a href="/wiki/4Kids_TV" title="4Kids TV">4Kids TV</a> passed on that block to an affiliate of UPN or The WB, or an <a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">independent station</a>, in order for the Fox affiliate to air general entertainment programming or local newscasts on Saturday mornings (for example, <a href="/wiki/WFLD" title="WFLD">WFLD</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> moved the 4Kids TV schedule to co-owned then-UPN affiliate <a href="/wiki/WPWR-TV" title="WPWR-TV">WPWR-TV</a>, while WFLD aired infomercials). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_films">Television films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Television films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_films_produced_for_UPN" title="List of television films produced for UPN">List of television films produced for UPN</a></div> <p>During the late 1990s, UPN produced a number of <a href="/wiki/Television_film" title="Television film">television films</a> under the umbrella brand <i>Blockbuster Shockwave Cinema</i>, in conjunction with sponsor (and then-sister company) <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockbuster LLC">Blockbuster Video</a>, almost all of which were <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">sci-fi films</a>. </p><p>From UPN's inception until 2000, the network also offered a hosted movie series called the <i>UPN Movie Trailer</i> to its stations. The weekend block featured mostly older theatrically released action and comedy films, often those from the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a> film library. The <i>Movie Trailer</i> block was discontinued in 2000 to give stations that opted for them room for a two-hour block of select UPN series that aired in primetime during the past week. There were also three Paramount-branded blocks that aired on Viacom's UPN owned-and-operated stations between 1995 and 2000: the <i>Paramount Teleplex</i> as the main brand for movies at any given timeslot, the <i>Paramount Prime Movie</i> for primetime features, and the <i>Paramount Late Movie</i> for films airing in late night timeslots. From 2002 to 2006, UPN offered a movie block (airing on Saturdays or Sundays depending on the affiliates) called <i>Hot Weekend Movie</i>, which carried movies (theatrical, made-for-TV and direct-to-video) from the <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn_Mayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro-Goldwyn Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn Mayer</a> library. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Affiliates">Affiliates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Affiliates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_former_UPN_affiliates" title="List of former UPN affiliates">List of former UPN affiliates</a></div> <p>UPN had approximately 143 full-power owned-and-operated or primary affiliate stations in the United States, and another 65 stations aired some UPN programming as secondary affiliates. Although it was considered a major network by <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Holdings" title="Nielsen Holdings">Nielsen</a> for <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">ratings</a> purposes, UPN was not available in every American <a href="/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">television market</a>. In some areas, UPN programming was shown off-pattern by affiliates of other networks (airing immediately after programming from their primary network on some Fox and WB stations, or during overnight timeslots on major network affiliates) or by otherwise independent stations, such as in the case of <a href="/wiki/KIKU" title="KIKU">KIKU-TV</a> in <a href="/wiki/Honolulu,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu, Hawaii">Honolulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. Some affiliates were also known to extensively preempt network programming in order to broadcast local sporting events. </p><p>By 2003, UPN had an estimated audience reach of 85.98% of all U.S. households (equivalent to 91,689,290 households with at least one television set). In contrast, The WB was viewable in 91.66% of all U.S. television homes. This is mainly because UPN did not have wide distribution in areas ranked below the top 100 Nielsen-designated media markets, whereas The WB operated <a href="/wiki/The_WB_100%2B_Station_Group" title="The WB 100+ Station Group">The WB 100+ Station Group</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>-only station group that was launched by the network in September 1998 – to provide broad coverage to those markets (from January 1995 to October 1999, The WB's programming was carried over the <a href="/wiki/WGN_America" title="WGN America">superstation feed</a> of the network's Chicago affiliate <a href="/wiki/WGN-TV" title="WGN-TV">WGN-TV</a> through a programming agreement with its owner Tribune Broadcasting). Despite the fact that UPN would not be able to have extensive small-market coverage at launch due to a lack of commercial television stations in those areas, Paramount Television denied <a href="/wiki/Advance_Publications" title="Advance Publications">Advance Entertainment Corporation</a> permission from distributing the network's programming over the <a href="/wiki/WWOR_EMI_Service" title="WWOR EMI Service">WWOR EMI Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Superstation" title="Superstation">superstation</a> feed of New York City affiliate WWOR-TV, preventing the network from reaching markets without an exclusive or secondary UPN affiliate. The network proposed launching a cable-originated service to increase its distribution to markets without an over-the-air affiliate in July 1998; however, the service, which was to have been named UPN Plus, ultimately never launched.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UPN did have one cable-only affiliate in its station form, <a href="/wiki/WNFM-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WNFM-TV">WNFM-TV</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myers,_Florida" title="Fort Myers, Florida">Fort Myers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, which joined the network in 1998. </p><p>In markets where Viacom had a CBS/UPN <a href="/wiki/Duopoly_(broadcasting)" title="Duopoly (broadcasting)">duopoly</a> after its 2000 merger with CBS, the UPN station was used to air CBS network programs if local sporting events or extended <a href="/wiki/Breaking_news" title="Breaking news">breaking news</a> coverage would air on the CBS station, sometimes resulting in UPN programs being pre-empted outright, as the CBS-owned outlets were usually the senior partner in the duopolies (an exception being <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, where <a href="/wiki/WKBD-TV" title="WKBD-TV">WKBD-TV</a> is considered the senior partner to <a href="/wiki/WWJ-TV" title="WWJ-TV">WWJ-TV</a> due to WKBD being longer-established). One such event occurred on September 26, 2004, when <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Jeanne" title="Hurricane Jeanne">Hurricane Jeanne</a> forced a scheduled <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> game between the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers" title="Pittsburgh Steelers">Pittsburgh Steelers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a> to be postponed from its scheduled start time of 1:00 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. ET; the game aired locally on <a href="/wiki/KDKA-TV" title="KDKA-TV">KDKA-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/WFOR-TV" title="WFOR-TV">WFOR-TV</a> while their respective UPN sister stations, <a href="/wiki/WPKD-TV" title="WPKD-TV">WNPA-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/WBFS-TV" title="WBFS-TV">WBFS-TV</a>, aired CBS's regular Sunday night programming instead. </p><p>These factors led to the network struggling in the ratings over much of UPN's existence, with its later <i>Star Trek</i> franchise, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Enterprise" title="Star Trek: Enterprise">Star Trek: Enterprise</a></i>, perhaps suffering the most and ultimately being canceled by the network in a controversial decision in February 2005. The most consistent ratings performer for the network was <i><a href="/wiki/WWE_SmackDown" title="WWE SmackDown">WWE SmackDown</a></i>. During the 2004–2005 season, the network was getting consistently better ratings than The WB, much of this thanks to its carriage of the WWE.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Station_standardization">Station standardization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Station standardization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the network launched, UPN began having most of its stations branded using a combination of "UPN" or "Paramount" (the latter having been used only by the network's Viacom-owned stations, some of whom adopted the "Paramount" branding prior to UPN's launch), and the affiliated station's channel number. By the late 1990s, affiliates were simply branded under the "UPN (channel number or city)" scheme (for example, Chicago affiliate WPWR-TV called itself "UPN Chicago" and New York City O&O-turned-affiliate WWOR-TV was referred to as "UPN 9", until The CW's launch was announced in January 2006). </p><p>However, most of the UPN owned-and-operated stations under Viacom/CBS Corporation branded themselves by the network/city conventions (for example, <a href="/wiki/KPYX" title="KPYX">KBHK-TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> was branded as "UPN Bay Area", <a href="/wiki/WKBD-TV" title="WKBD-TV">WKBD</a>/<a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> was branded as "UPN Detroit", <a href="/wiki/WUPA" title="WUPA">WUPA</a> was branded as "UPN Atlanta" and <a href="/wiki/WUPL" title="WUPL">WUPL</a>/<a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> was branded as "UPN New Orleans"). That type of branding did not always apply though, as for example, <a href="/wiki/WSBK-TV" title="WSBK-TV">WSBK-TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> was branded "UPN 38" and <a href="/wiki/KMAX-TV" title="KMAX-TV">KMAX-TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> was branded "UPN 31". <a href="/wiki/WPKD-TV" title="WPKD-TV">WNPA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> originally branded itself as "UPN 19", but rebranded itself as "UPN Pittsburgh" soon after the network introduced its second and final logo in September 2002, making it one of the few that had carried both standardization styles. Many UPN-affiliated stations followed the same branding scheme (for example, <a href="/wiki/KHII-TV" title="KHII-TV">KFVE</a>/<a href="/wiki/Honolulu,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu, Hawaii">Honolulu</a> used the brand "UPN Hawaii"). </p><p>This would be a continuation of the trend of networks using such naming schemes, which originated at Fox (and even earlier by the Canadian <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC</a>), and was also predominately used at CBS (which has most of its owned-and-operated stations, with a few exceptions, brand using a combination of the network's name and over-the-air channel number) and The WB (with the exception of its Tribune Broadcasting-owned affiliates in Los Angeles and Chicago, and certain other stations); NBC and ABC also use similar branding schemes, but not to the same broad level outside their O&Os. While the "Big Three" networks do not require their affiliates to have such naming schemes (though some affiliates choose to adopt it anyway) and only on the network's O&Os is the style required, UPN mandated it on all stations – though in one case, <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WCGV-TV" title="WCGV-TV">WCGV</a> branded as "Channel 24" from 1998 to 2001, excluding UPN imagery from its station branding (WCGV, which previously branded as "UPN 24", had disaffiliated from the network for eight months in 1998 due to a compensation dispute; it received a rare waiver from the network to air a marathon of the last half of <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Voyager_(season_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Trek: Voyager (season 4)">season four of <i>Star Trek: Voyager</i></a> which it had not aired in August 1998, before the fifth season's premiere in September.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>One Chris-Craft/United Television-owned station, <a href="/wiki/KMSP-TV" title="KMSP-TV">KMSP-TV</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a>, only branded as "UPN 9" for its entertainment and network programming. Due to the station's circumstances of holding full cable carriage across the state of <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> and into <a href="/wiki/The_Dakotas" title="The Dakotas">The Dakotas</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Superstation" title="Superstation">superstation</a>, local management preferred to retain their pre-UPN "Minnesota 9" branding in some manner, as most of the UPN schedule was of low appeal to the station's rural viewers, and it was building a successful and competitive news department that did not depend on the success or failure of UPN. KMSP's news division success despite UPN affiliation was one of the pushes for Fox Television Stations to acquire United Television overall, then convert KMSP-TV to a Fox owned-and-operated station in Fall 2002. The UPN affiliation thus moved to new sister station <a href="/wiki/WFTC" title="WFTC">WFTC</a>, which followed all UPN branding guidelines until Fox pulled their support for the network in January 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">List of United States over-the-air television networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_broadcast_TV_realignment" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 United States broadcast TV realignment">2006 United States broadcast TV realignment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UPN,_WB_merge-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UPN,_WB_merge_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPN,_WB_merge_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPN,_WB_merge_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrupi2006" class="citation news cs1">Crupi, Anthony (January 24, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/upn-wb-merge-cw-network-83687/">"UPN, WB to Merge Into CW Network"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AdWeek" class="mw-redirect" title="AdWeek">AdWeek</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064454/http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising/upn-wb-merge-cw-network-83687">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AdWeek&rft.atitle=UPN%2C+WB+to+Merge+Into+CW+Network&rft.date=2006-01-24&rft.aulast=Crupi&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adweek.com%2Fbrand-marketing%2Fupn-wb-merge-cw-network-83687%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeid2006" class="citation web cs1">Seid, Jessica (January 24, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2006/01/24/news/companies/cbs_warner/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Gilmore Girls' Meet 'Smackdown'; CW Network to Combine WB, UPN in CBS-Warner Venture Beginning in September"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN_Money" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN Money">CNN Money</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316043531/http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/24/news/companies/cbs_warner/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Money&rft.atitle=%27Gilmore+Girls%27+Meet+%27Smackdown%27%3B+CW+Network+to+Combine+WB%2C+UPN+in+CBS-Warner+Venture+Beginning+in+September&rft.date=2006-01-24&rft.aulast=Seid&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2006%2F01%2F24%2Fnews%2Fcompanies%2Fcbs_warner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchatz1999" class="citation book cs1">Schatz, Thomas (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dwf5SUcfousC&pg=PA433"><i>Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 433. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22130-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22130-7"><bdi>978-0-520-22130-7</bdi></a>. <q>In 1948, Television Productions, Inc., formed the Paramount Television Network</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boom+and+Bust%3A+American+Cinema+in+the+1940s&rft.pages=433&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-520-22130-7&rft.aulast=Schatz&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddwf5SUcfousC%26pg%3DPA433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1990" class="citation thesis cs1">White, Timothy R. (1990). <i>Hollywood's Attempt to Appropriate Television: The Case of Paramount Pictures</i> (PhD dissertation). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Media+Business%3A+2+Would-Be+Networks+Get+Set+for+Prime+Time&rft.date=1995-01-09&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F01%2F09%2Fbusiness%2Fthe-media-business-2-would-be-networks-get-set-for-prime-time.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMifflin1995" class="citation news cs1">Mifflin, Lawrie (May 18, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/18/arts/upn-network-cancels-3-of-its-4-programs.html">"UPN Network Cancels 3 of Its 4 Programs"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015094847/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/18/arts/upn-network-cancels-3-of-its-4-programs.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=UPN+Network+Cancels+3+of+Its+4+Programs&rft.date=1995-05-18&rft.aulast=Mifflin&rft.aufirst=Lawrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F05%2F18%2Farts%2Fupn-network-cancels-3-of-its-4-programs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSurowiecki2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Surowiecki, James (April 3, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2000/04/03/why-wont-anyone-pull-the-plug-on-upn">"Why Won't Anyone Pull the Plug on UPN?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218170110/https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2000/04/03/2000_04_03_032_TNY_LIBRY_000020545">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Why+Won%27t+Anyone+Pull+the+Plug+on+UPN%3F&rft.date=2000-04-03&rft.aulast=Surowiecki&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2000%2F04%2F03%2Fwhy-wont-anyone-pull-the-plug-on-upn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/05/business/viacom-buys-50-percent-stake-in-upn-network.html">"Viacom Buys 50 Percent Stake in UPN Network"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 5, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015094516/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/05/business/viacom-buys-50-percent-stake-in-upn-network.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Viacom+Buys+50+Percent+Stake+in+UPN+Network&rft.date=1996-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F12%2F05%2Fbusiness%2Fviacom-buys-50-percent-stake-in-upn-network.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClellanRice1996" class="citation web cs1">McClellan, Steve; Rice, Lynette (December 9, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131011162936/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18935896.html">"Viacom to Buy Half of UPN: Is Investing $160 Million in Fledgling Network"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting & Cable</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Racism+Is+Not+%27Diary%27s%27+Crime&rft.date=1998-10-02&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1998-oct-02-ca-28389-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraxton1998" class="citation news cs1">Braxton, Greg (October 13, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-13-fi-32006-story.html">"Candy Maker Pulls Its Ads from Controversial Comedy"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015094959/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/oct/13/business/fi-32006">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Candy+Maker+Pulls+Its+Ads+from+Controversial+Comedy&rft.date=1998-10-13&rft.aulast=Braxton&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1998-oct-13-fi-32006-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraxton1998" class="citation news cs1">Braxton, Greg (October 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-01-me-28286-story.html">"300 Protest at Studio Against TV Comedy Set in Slavery Era"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015094615/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/oct/01/local/me-28286">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=300+Protest+at+Studio+Against+TV+Comedy+Set+in+Slavery+Era&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.aulast=Braxton&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1998-oct-01-me-28286-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraxton1998" class="citation news cs1">Braxton, Greg (October 7, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-07-ca-29945-story.html">"They Vote by Remote: As UPN debuts 'Desmond Pfeiffer,' Viewers Tune in Other Channels"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015094510/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/oct/07/entertainment/ca-29945">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting+%26+Cable&rft.atitle=UPN%2C+Sinclair+Make+Up&rft.date=1998-08-03&rft.aulast=McClellan&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-50228020.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPN&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrojunk.com/commercial/show/26351/upn-united-paramount-network-coming-january-1995">An ad promoting UPN on RetroJunk.com</a></li></ul> <div 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television" title="Template talk:American broadcast television"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Broadcast television networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)" title="Template:American broadcast television (English)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(English)" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (English)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (English)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_English-language_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">English-language broadcast television networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS Satellite Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Kids Channel">PBS Kids Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Arts_Showcase" title="Classic Arts Showcase">Classic Arts Showcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Experience" title="First Nations Experience">First Nations Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Channel" title="World Channel">World Channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Specialty_channel" title="Specialty channel">Specialty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic news</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_America%27s_Voice" title="Real America's Voice">Real America's Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YTA_TV" title="YTA TV">YTA TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International news</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CaribVision" title="CaribVision">CaribVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">Deutsche Welle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">NHK World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weather</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Weather" title="Fox Weather">Fox Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeatherNation_TV" title="WeatherNation TV">WeatherNation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeIN_Sports_Xtra" class="mw-redirect" title="BeIN Sports Xtra">beIN Sports Xtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rev%27n" title="Rev'n">Rev'n</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Black</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_TV" title="Bounce TV">Bounce TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabl" title="Dabl">Dabl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">TheGrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The365" class="mw-redirect" title="The365">The365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_of_the_South_Television" title="Soul of the South Television">Soul of the South</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Vision_(TV_network)" title="Asia Vision (TV network)">Asia Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diya_TV" title="Diya TV">Diya TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tang_Dynasty_Television" title="New Tang Dynasty Television">NTD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIETV" title="VIETV">VIETV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_TV" title="Arirang TV">Arirang TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_Radio" title="Arirang Radio">Arirang Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBS_America" title="KBS America">KBS America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System" title="Seoul Broadcasting System">SBS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reality and lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defy_(TV_network)" title="Defy (TV network)">Defy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fave_TV" title="Fave TV">Fave TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localish" title="Localish">Localish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_Street" title="Merit Street">Merit Street</a></li> <li>Nosey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nest_(TV_network)" title="The Nest (TV network)">The Nest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(American_TV_network)" title="Quest (American TV network)">Quest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Music_Channel" title="California Music Channel">CA Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATV" title="LATV">LATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_(TV_network)" title="Heartland (TV network)">Heartland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal & true crime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_American_Crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC American Crimes">NBC American Crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_TV" title="Court TV">Court TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Law & Crime">Law & Crime Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_channel)" title="Oxygen (TV channel)">Oxygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Network" title="True Crime Network">True Crime Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_TV" title="Ace TV">Ace TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozi_TV" title="Cozi TV">Cozi TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_(TV_network)" title="Get (TV network)">Get</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MeTV%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="MeTV+">MeTV+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeTV_Toons" title="MeTV Toons">MeTV Toons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_TV" title="Retro TV">Retro TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movies!" title="Movies!">Movies!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOST" title="NOST">NOST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comedy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antenna_TV" title="Antenna TV">Antenna TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rewind_TV" title="Rewind TV">Rewind TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catchy_Comedy" title="Catchy Comedy">Catchy Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)" title="Laff (TV network)">Laff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBD_(TV_network)" title="TBD (TV network)">TBD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westerns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlaw (TV network)">Outlaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drama & action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Action_Channel_(US_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Action Channel (US TV channel)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge!_(TV_network)" title="Charge! (TV network)">Charge!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_(TV_network)" title="Comet (TV network)">Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroes_%26_Icons" title="Heroes & Icons">H&I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Mystery" title="Ion Mystery">Ion Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Plus" title="Ion Plus">Ion Plus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_TV" title="Start TV">Start TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Niche & genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzzr" title="Buzzr">Buzzr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Channel_(American_TV_network,_founded_2008)" title="The Family Channel (American TV network, founded 2008)">Family Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_Television" title="Story Television">Story TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Television" title="Cornerstone Television">Cornerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadiantTV" class="mw-redirect" title="RadiantTV">RadiantTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonlife_Broadcasting_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonlife Broadcasting Network">Sonlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">TBN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TBN_Inspire" title="TBN Inspire">Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smile_(TV_network)" title="Smile (TV network)">Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positiv" title="Positiv">Positiv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television" title="Tri-State Christian Television">TCT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_shopping" title="Home shopping">Home shopping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSN" title="HSN">HSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewelry_Television" title="Jewelry Television">Jewelry TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnTV4U" class="mw-redirect" title="OnTV4U">OnTV4U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShopHQ" title="ShopHQ">ShopHQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shop_LC" title="Shop LC">Shop LC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)_defunct" title="Template:American broadcast television (English) defunct"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(English)_defunct" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (English) defunct"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)_defunct" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (English) defunct"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Defunct_English-language_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct English-language <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">broadcast television</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">networks</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network">DuMont</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Television#PAX_(1998–2005)" title="Ion Television">PAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Time_Entertainment_Network" title="Prime Time Entertainment Network">PTEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a> (pre-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prime_Time" title="Operation Prime Time">OPT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.2_Network" title=".2 Network">.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_One" title="America One">America One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Network" title="American Independent Network">AIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_America" title="Channel America">Channel America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheddar_(TV_channel)" title="Cheddar (TV channel)">Cheddar</a><sup>ci</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Country" title="Circle Country">Circle</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOST" title="NOST">Classic Reruns TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digi-TV" title="Digi-TV">Digi-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Television_Network" title="Hughes Television Network">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JUCE_TV" title="JUCE TV">JUCE TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">Light TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizlou_Television_Network" title="Mizlou Television Network">Mizlou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_One" title="Network One">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATV_Native_American_Television" title="NATV Native American Television">NATV</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_LX_Home" title="NBC LX Home">NBC LX Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTA_Film_Network" title="NTA Film Network">NTA Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omni_Broadcasting_Network" title="Omni Broadcasting Network">Omni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmyer_Network" title="Overmyer Network">Overmyer/United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Network" title="Paramount Television Network">Paramount Television Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBJ_(TV_network)" title="PBJ (TV network)">PBJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_TV" title="Plum TV">Plum TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubo" title="Qubo">qubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFM_Holiday_Network" title="SFM Holiday Network">SFM Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Television_Network" title="Star Television Network">Star</a> (failed 5th network attempt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TrueReal" title="TrueReal">TrueReal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_Television_Network" title="Theater Television Network">Theater TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_TV" title="This TV">This TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff_TV" title="Tuff TV">Tuff TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twist_(TV_network)" title="Twist (TV network)">Twist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_America_Television" title="Urban America Television">UATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variety_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety Television Network">VTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Works_(TV_network)" title="The Works (TV network)">The Works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHz_Networks#MHz_WorldView" title="MHz Networks">MHz Worldview</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ResearchChannel" title="ResearchChannel">ResearchChannel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News Now">ABC News Now</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_News_Channel" title="All News Channel">All News Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoD_News_Channel" title="DoD News Channel">DoD News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_AccuWeather_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Local AccuWeather Channel">Local AccuWeather Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Weather_Plus" title="NBC Weather Plus">NBC Wx+/NBC+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a><sup>ci</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TouchVision" title="TouchVision">TouchVision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sports_Network" title="American Sports Network">American Sports Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_(sports_network)" title="Stadium (sports network)">Stadium</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SportsGrid" class="mw-redirect" title="SportsGrid">SportsGrid</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsman_Channel" title="Sportsman Channel">Sportsman</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVS_Television_Network" title="TVS Television Network">TVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Sports" title="Universal Sports">Universal Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home shopping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Store" title="America's Store">America's Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gems_TV_(USA)" title="Gems TV (USA)">Gems TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_TV" title="Gun TV">Gun TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Television#Ion_Shop" title="Ion Television">Ion Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shop_at_Home_Network" title="Shop at Home Network">Shop at Home</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohemia_Visual_Music" title="Bohemia Visual Music">Bohemia Visual Music</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Box_(American_TV_channel)" title="The Box (American TV channel)">The Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_Jams" title="Retro Jams">Retro Jams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheCoolTV" title="TheCoolTV">TheCoolTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tube_Music_Network" title="The Tube Music Network">The Tube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>c</sup> - Now cable-only, <sup>i</sup> - Now internet-only</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Spanish)" title="Template:American broadcast television (Spanish)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(Spanish)" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (Spanish)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Spanish)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (Spanish)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish-language_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish-language_television_networks_in_the_United_States" title="List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States">Spanish-language broadcast television networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estrella_TV" title="Estrella TV">Estrella TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_TeV%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="América TeVé">América TeVé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Visi%C3%B3n" title="Nuestra Visión">Nuestra Visión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ve_Plus_TV" title="Ve Plus TV">Novelisima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATV" title="LATV">LATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_TV_(American_TV_network)" title="Mega TV (American TV network)">Mega TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeleXitos" title="TeleXitos">TeleXitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWIZ" title="KWIZ">Visión Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniM%C3%A1s" title="UniMás">UniMás</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major imported</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FOROtv" class="mw-redirect" title="FOROtv">FORO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_6_(Mexico)" title="Canal 6 (Mexico)">Canal 6/Multimedios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milenio_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Milenio Televisión">Milenio Televisión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicanal" title="Mexicanal">Mexicanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Once_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal Once (Mexico)">Canal Once</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XEIMT-TDT" title="XEIMT-TDT">Canal 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemax_(TV_network)" title="Telemax (TV network)">Telemax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleritmo" title="Teleritmo">Teleritmo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almavision" title="Almavision">Almavision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBEH" title="KBEH">Canal de La Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3ABN_Latino" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN Latino">3ABN Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlace" title="Enlace">Enlace</a></li> <li>Esperanza TV</li> <li>ESNE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN en Español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tele_Vida_Abundante" title="Tele Vida Abundante">Tele Vida Abundante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cine Mexicano</li> <li>Tele N</li> <li>MiCasa Network</li> <li>Mira TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Sorpresa!" title="¡Sorpresa!">¡Sorpresa!</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TeLe-Rom%C3%A1ntica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TeLe-Romántica (page does not exist)">TeLe-Romántica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_CV_Network" title="América CV Network">América CV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Azteca América">Azteca América</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Television_Network" title="Hispanic Television Network">Hispanic Television Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmigrante_TV" title="Inmigrante TV">Inmigrante TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAT_TV" title="LAT TV">LAT TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MundoMax" title="MundoMax">MundoMax</a></li> <li>Soi TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TuVisi%C3%B3n" title="TuVisión">TuVisión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VasalloVision" title="VasalloVision">VasalloVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-me" title="V-me">V-me</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Religious)" title="Template:American broadcast television (Religious)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(Religious)" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (Religious)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Religious)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (Religious)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religious_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">Religious broadcast</a> television networks in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TBN Networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">TBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBN_Inspire" title="TBN Inspire">TBN Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positiv" title="Positiv">Positiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smile_(TV_network)" title="Smile (TV network)">Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlace" title="Enlace">Enlace</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spanish language)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBN_Salsa" title="TBN Salsa">Salsa</a></li> <li>TBN Francophone <span style="font-size:85%;">(French language)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Al Karma TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Review">Adventist Review</a> TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Facts" title="Amazing Facts">Amazing Facts</a> TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYU_TV" title="BYU TV">BYU TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatholicTV" title="CatholicTV">CatholicTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Faith_Network" title="Catholic Faith Network">CFN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Television_Network" title="Christian Television Network">CTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Television" title="Cornerstone Television">Cornerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar</a></li> <li>EICB TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Family Broadcasting Corporation">FBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEB_Network" title="GEB Network">GEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Learning_Channel" title="God's Learning Channel">GLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOD_TV" title="GOD TV">GOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Channel" title="Hope Channel">Hope</a></li> <li>IQRA TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Written" title="It Is Written">It Is Written</a> TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_Linda_Broadcasting_Network" title="Loma Linda Broadcasting Network">LLBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonlife_Broadcasting_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonlife Broadcasting Network">SBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network" title="Three Angels Broadcasting Network">3ABN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3ABN_Dare_to_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN Dare to Dream">3ABN Dare to Dream</a> Network</li> <li>3ABN International <span style="font-size:85%;">(with 3ABN Australia)</span></li> <li>3ABN Kids Network</li> <li>3ABN Praise Him Music Network</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3ABN_Proclaim!" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN Proclaim!">3ABN Proclaim!</a> Network</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTL_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="PTL Television Network">PTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadiantTV" class="mw-redirect" title="RadiantTV">RadiantTV</a></li> <li>SafeTV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Living_Network" title="Total Living Network">TLN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television" title="Tri-State Christian Television">TCT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unity_Broadcasting_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unity Broadcasting Network (page does not exist)">UBN</a></li> <li>The Walk TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Word_Network" title="The Word Network">Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Broadcasting_Corporation#World_Harvest_Television_(WHT)" title="Family Broadcasting Corporation">WHT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aliento Vision</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almavision" title="Almavision">Almavisión</a></li> <li>Aviva TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Television_Network" title="Christian Television Network">CTNi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar Español</a></li> <li>Esperanza TV</li> <li>ESNE</li> <li>Familia TV</li> <li>Fe-TV</li> <li>HCCN</li> <li>Iglesia JEMIR</li> <li>Red AdVenir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tele_Vida_Abundante" title="Tele Vida Abundante">Tele Vida Abundante</a></li> <li>3ABN Latino Network</li> <li>Tvida Vision</li> <li>Visión Latina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>3ABN Français Network</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INSP_(TV_network)" title="INSP (TV network)">The Inspiration Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids_%26_Teens_TV" title="Kids & Teens TV">Kids & Teens TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Angel" title="Sky Angel">Sky Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Worship_Network" title="The Worship Network">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_TV" title="Template:North American TV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_TV" title="Template talk:North American TV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_TV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American TV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Additional_resources_on_North_American_television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Additional resources on North American television</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_stations_in_North_America" title="Template:Television stations in North America">List of local television stations in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Template:North American DTV">DTV transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_TV" title="Template:North American TV">North American TV mini-template</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_television_networks" title="Template:Canadian television networks">Canadian networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_networks" title="List of Canadian television networks">List of Canadian television networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_channels" title="List of Canadian television channels">List of Canadian television channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_specialty_channels" title="List of Canadian specialty channels">List of Canadian specialty channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian television stations">Local Canadian TV stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_stations_available_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States stations available in Canada">List of United States stations available in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Vancouver_TV_realignment" title="2001 Vancouver TV realignment">2001 Vancouver TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Canada_broadcast_TV_realignment" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment">2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mexican_broadcast_television" title="Template:Mexican broadcast television">Mexican networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Mexico" title="List of television stations in Mexico">Local Mexican TV stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television">American networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cable_and_satellite_television_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States cable and satellite television channels">List of American cable and satellite networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">List of American over-the-air networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_W)" title="List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter W)">Local American TV stations (W)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_K)" title="List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter K)">Local American TV stations (K)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish-language_television_networks_in_the_United_States" title="List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States">Spanish-language TV networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_South_Florida_television_affiliation_switch" title="1989 South Florida television affiliation switch">1989 South Florida television affiliation switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%931996_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment">1994–1996 U.S. TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="2006 United States broadcast television realignment">2006 U.S. TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations_available_in_the_United_States" title="List of Canadian television stations available in the United States">List of Canadian television stations available in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Template:North American DTV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_DTV" title="Template talk:North American DTV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American DTV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Digital_television_in_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital television</a> in North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Terrestrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_broadcasting" title="Digital broadcasting">Digital broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_tuner" title="ATSC tuner">ATSC tuners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_subchannel" title="Digital subchannel">Digital subchannels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_channel" title="Virtual channel">Virtual channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_transmission_system" title="Distributed transmission system">Distributed transmission system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datacasting" title="Datacasting">Datacasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guide_Plus" title="Guide Plus">Guide Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Datacast" title="National Datacast">National Datacast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UpdateLogic" class="mw-redirect" title="UpdateLogic">UpdateLogic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Television_Alliance" title="Metropolitan Television Alliance">Metropolitan Television Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(HDTV)" title="Grand Alliance (HDTV)">Grand Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition" title="Digital television transition">Digital switchover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Channel_Receiver_Act" title="All-Channel Receiver Act">All-Channel Receiver Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_Analog_Flash_and_Emergency_Readiness_Act" title="Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act">SAFER Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_channel_election" title="Digital channel election">Digital channel election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">Set-top boxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_adapter" title="Digital television adapter">Digital television adapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupon-eligible_converter_box" title="Coupon-eligible converter box">U.S. Converter Box Coupon Program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Transition_and_Public_Safety_Act_of_2005" title="Digital Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005">legislation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_passthrough" title="Analog passthrough">Analog passthrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_recorder" title="DVD recorder">DVD recorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_video_recorder" title="Digital video recorder">Digital video recorders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Digital standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC standards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATSC-M/H" title="ATSC-M/H">ATSC-M/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8VSB" title="8VSB">8VSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-VSB" title="A-VSB">A-VSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-VSB" title="E-VSB">E-VSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_and_System_Information_Protocol" title="Program and System Information Protocol">PSIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_Metadata_Communication_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming Metadata Communication Protocol">PMCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ATSC_standards" title="List of ATSC standards">full list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">Standard-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">Enhanced-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra high-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2160p" class="mw-redirect" title="2160p">2160p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_digital_interface" title="Serial digital interface">Serial digital interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_antenna" title="Smart antenna">Smart antennas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEA-909" title="CEA-909">CEA-909</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Digital networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multicast_television_network" title="Digital multicast television network">Digital multicast television network</a></li> <li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television">Template:American broadcast television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_television_networks" title="Template:Canadian television networks">Template:Canadian television networks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">National deployment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_Canada" title="Digital television in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Mexico" title="Television in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_States" title="High-definition television in the United States">HDTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television transition in the United States">transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_wireless_spectrum_auction" title="2008 United States wireless spectrum auction">wireless spectrum auction</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_cable" title="Digital cable">Digital cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable-ready#Digital_cable" title="Cable-ready">Digital-cable-ready TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QAM_(television)" title="QAM (television)">QAM tuners</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable-ready#Digital_cable" title="Cable-ready">Interactive-digital-cable-ready TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenCable_Application_Platform" title="OpenCable Application Platform">OpenCable Application Platform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_encryption#Digital_cable_and_satellite_television_encryption" title="Television encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Must-carry#Digital_must-carry" title="Must-carry">Must-carry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">Subscription TV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AllVid" title="AllVid">AllVid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CableCARD" title="CableCARD">CableCARD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downloadable_Conditional_Access_System" title="Downloadable Conditional Access System">Downloadable Conditional Access System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tru2way" title="Tru2way">Tru2way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">Satellite TV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S" title="DVB-S">DVB-S</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dish_Network" title="Dish Network">Dish Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobeCast_World_TV" title="GlobeCast World TV">GlobeCast World TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">Free-to-air</a> <a href="/wiki/FTA_receiver" title="FTA receiver">receiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Satellite_TV" title="Bell Satellite TV">Bell Satellite TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Telus_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Telus TV">Telus Satellite TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dish_M%C3%A9xico" title="Dish México">Dish México</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigiCipher_2" title="DigiCipher 2">DigiCipher 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4DTV" title="4DTV">4DTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Direct" title="Shaw Direct">Shaw Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claro_Puerto_Rico" title="Claro Puerto Rico">Claro Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Satellite_Service" title="Digital Satellite Service">Digital Satellite Service</a>/<a href="/wiki/DVB-S2" title="DVB-S2">DVB-S2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrio_Corp." title="Vrio Corp.">Vrio</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sky_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Brazil">Sky Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Mexico">Sky Mexico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_television" title="Internet Protocol television">IPTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-verse_TV" title="U-verse TV">U-verse TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Fibe_TV" title="Bell Fibe TV">Bell Fibe TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibe_(Bell_Aliant)" title="Fibe (Bell Aliant)">FibreOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telus_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Telus TV">Telus Optik TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14:9_aspect_ratio" title="14:9 aspect ratio">14:9 aspect ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">Active Format Description</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television#Protection_parameters_for_terrestrial_DTV_broadcasting" title="Digital television">Channel protection ratios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">HDTV blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_modulation" title="Hierarchical modulation">Hierarchical modulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_decryption" title="Pirate decryption">Pirate decryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_standards_conversion" title="Television standards conversion">Standards conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_CW" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_CW" title="Template:The CW"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_CW" title="Template talk:The CW"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_CW" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The CW"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_CW" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forerunning networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UPN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_The_CW" title="List of programs broadcast by The CW">CW programs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_The_CW_Plus" title="List of programs broadcast by The CW Plus">CW Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_UPN" title="List of programs broadcast by UPN">UPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_The_WB" title="List of programs broadcast by The WB">WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_The_WB_100%2B_Station_Group" title="List of programs broadcast by The WB 100+ Station Group">WB 100+ Station Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CW_Sports" title="CW Sports">CW Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids%27_WB" title="Kids' WB">Kids' WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toonzai" title="Toonzai">The CW4Kids / Toonzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortexx" title="Vortexx">Vortexx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CW_Daytime" title="The CW Daytime">The CW Daytime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Magnificent_Morning" title="One Magnificent Morning">One Magnificent Morning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_CW_affiliates_(table)" title="List of The CW affiliates (table)">CW affiliates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_CW_affiliates_(by_U.S._state)" title="List of The CW affiliates (by U.S. state)">list by state/territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_UPN_affiliates" title="List of former UPN affiliates">UPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_WB_affiliates" title="List of former WB affiliates">The WB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CW_Plus" title="The CW Plus">The CW Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_broadcast_TV_realignment" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 United States broadcast TV realignment">2006 United States broadcast TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Interest_and_Syndication_Rules" title="Financial Interest and Syndication Rules">Financial Interest and Syndication Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group" title="Nexstar Media Group">Nexstar Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_CW_original_programming" title="Category:The CW original programming">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UPN" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UPN" title="Template:UPN"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UPN" title="Template talk:UPN"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UPN" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UPN"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UPN" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UPN</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_UPN" title="List of programs broadcast by UPN">Programs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UPN_Kids" title="UPN Kids">UPN Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney%27s_One_Too" title="Disney's One Too">Disney's One Too</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_films_produced_for_UPN" title="List of television films produced for UPN">Television films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Breaker_High" title="Breaker High">Breaker High</a></i> (1997–98)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burning_Zone" title="The Burning Zone">The Burning Zone</a></i> (1996–97)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clueless_(TV_series)" title="Clueless (TV series)">Clueless</a></i> (1997–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Games_(TV_series)" title="Deadly Games (TV series)">Deadly Games</a></i> (1995–96)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dilbert_(TV_series)" title="Dilbert (TV series)">Dilbert</a></i> (1999–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DiResta" title="DiResta">DiResta</a></i> (1998–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Rules_(American_TV_series)" title="Family Rules (American TV series)">Family Rules</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goode_Behavior" title="Goode Behavior">Goode Behavior</a></i> (1996–97)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_News_(TV_series)" title="Good News (TV series)">Good News</a></i> (1997–98)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grown_Ups_(1999_TV_series)" title="Grown Ups (1999 TV series)">Grown Ups</a></i> (1999–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guys_Like_Us" title="Guys Like Us">Guys Like Us</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_over_Heels_(American_TV_series)" title="Head over Heels (American TV series)">Head over Heels</a></i> (1997–98)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hitz" title="Hitz">Hitz</a></i> (1997–98)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_Movies_(TV_series)" title="Home Movies (TV series)">Home Movies</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homeboys_in_Outer_Space" title="Homeboys in Outer Space">Homeboys in Outer Space</a></i> (1996–97)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_House_(TV_series)" title="In the House (TV series)">In the House</a></i> (1996–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legacy_(American_TV_series)" title="Legacy (American TV series)">Legacy</a></i> (1998–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legend_(TV_series)" title="Legend (TV series)">Legend</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_Shot" title="Live Shot">Live Shot</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Boat:_The_Next_Wave" title="Love Boat: The Next Wave">Love Boat: The Next Wave</a></i> (1998–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_%26_Eddie" title="Malcolm & Eddie">Malcolm & Eddie</a></i> (1996–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marker_(TV_series)" title="Marker (TV series)">Marker</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Point" title="Mercy Point">Mercy Point</a></i> (1998–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moesha" title="Moesha">Moesha</a></i> (1996–2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nowhere_Man_(American_TV_series)" title="Nowhere Man (American TV series)">Nowhere Man</a></i> (1995–96)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Parkers" title="The Parkers">The Parkers</a></i> (1999–2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pig_Sty" title="Pig Sty">Pig Sty</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platypus_Man" title="Platypus Man">Platypus Man</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Power_Play_(1998_TV_series)" title="Power Play (1998 TV series)">Power Play</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reunited_(American_TV_series)" title="Reunited (American TV series)">Reunited</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Diary_of_Desmond_Pfeiffer" title="The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer">The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sentinel_(TV_series)" title="The Sentinel (TV series)">The Sentinel</a></i> (1996–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_(TV_series)" title="Seven Days (TV series)">Seven Days</a></i> (1998–2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shasta_McNasty" title="Shasta McNasty">Shasta McNasty</a></i> (1999–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Social_Studies_(TV_series)" title="Social Studies (TV series)">Social Studies</a></i> (1996–97)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sparks_(TV_series)" title="Sparks (TV series)">Sparks</a></i> (1996–98)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Voyager" title="Star Trek: Voyager">Star Trek: Voyager</a></i> (1995–2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Strip_(American_TV_series)" title="The Strip (American TV series)">The Strip</a></i> (1999–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swift_Justice" title="Swift Justice">Swift Justice</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Watcher_(1995_TV_series)" title="The Watcher (1995 TV series)">The Watcher</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WWE_SmackDown" title="WWE SmackDown">WWE SmackDown</a></i> (1999–2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abby_(TV_series)" title="Abby (TV series)">Abby</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_of_Us" title="All of Us">All of Us</a></i> (2003–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Souls_(TV_series)" title="All Souls (TV series)">All Souls</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model" title="America's Next Top Model">America's Next Top Model</a></i> (2003–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amish_in_the_City" title="Amish in the City">Amish in the City</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/As_If_(American_TV_series)" title="As If (American TV series)">As If</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bad_Girl%27s_Guide" title="The Bad Girl's Guide">The Bad Girl's Guide</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beat_(TV_series)" title="The Beat (TV series)">The Beat</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Britney_and_Kevin:_Chaotic" title="Britney and Kevin: Chaotic">Britney and Kevin: Chaotic</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i> (2001–03)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chains_of_Love_(TV_series)" title="Chains of Love (TV series)">Chains of Love</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cuts_(TV_series)" title="Cuts (TV series)">Cuts</a></i> (2005–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eve_(American_TV_series)" title="Eve (American TV series)">Eve</a></i> (2003–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Everybody_Hates_Chris" title="Everybody Hates Chris">Everybody Hates Chris</a></i> (2005–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(TV_series)" title="Freedom (TV series)">Freedom</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Game_Over_(TV_series)" title="Game Over (TV series)">Game Over</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gary_%26_Mike" title="Gary & Mike">Gary & Mike</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Get_This_Party_Started" title="Get This Party Started">Get This Party Started</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girlfriends_(American_TV_series)" title="Girlfriends (American TV series)">Girlfriends</a></i> (2000–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Half_%26_Half" title="Half & Half">Half & Half</a></i> (2002–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haunted_(2002_TV_series)" title="Haunted (2002 TV series)">Haunted</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hughleys" title="The Hughleys">The Hughleys</a></i> (2000–02)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Dare_You:_The_Ultimate_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="I Dare You: The Ultimate Challenge">I Dare You: The Ultimate Challenge</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Chef_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Chef USA">Iron Chef USA</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jake_2.0" title="Jake 2.0">Jake 2.0</a></i> (2003–04)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Hill_(TV_series)" title="Kevin Hill (TV series)">Kevin Hill</a></i> (2004–05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Level_9_(TV_series)" title="Level 9 (TV series)">Level 9</a></i> (2000–01)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love,_Inc._(TV_series)" title="Love, Inc. (TV series)">Love, Inc.</a></i> (2005–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manhunt_(2001_TV_series)" title="Manhunt (2001 TV series)">Manhunt</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mullets" title="The Mullets">The Mullets</a></i> (2003-04)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_on_One_(American_TV_series)" title="One on One (American TV series)">One on One</a></i> (2001–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platinum_(TV_series)" title="Platinum (TV series)">Platinum</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Player_(2004_TV_series)" title="The Player (2004 TV series)">The Player</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_U_the_Girl" title="R U the Girl">R U the Girl</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Random_Years" title="The Random Years">The Random Years</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Stardom_with_Missy_Elliott" title="The Road to Stardom with Missy Elliott">The Road to Stardom with Missy Elliott</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rock_Me_Baby_(TV_series)" title="Rock Me Baby (TV series)">Rock Me Baby</a></i> (2003–04)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roswell_(TV_series)" title="Roswell (TV series)">Roswell</a></i> (2001–02)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Second_Time_Around_(TV_series)" title="Second Time Around (TV series)">Second Time Around</a></i> (2004–05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Agent_Man_(TV_series)" title="Secret Agent Man (TV series)">Secret Agent Man</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sex,_Love_%26_Secrets" title="Sex, Love & Secrets">Sex, Love & Secrets</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Beach_(2006_TV_series)" title="South Beach (2006 TV series)">South Beach</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Special_Unit_2" title="Special Unit 2">Special Unit 2</a></i> (2001–02)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Enterprise" title="Star Trek: Enterprise">Star Trek: Enterprise</a></i> (2001–05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(2002_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (2002 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></i> (2002–03)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Under_One_Roof_(2002_TV_series)" title="Under One Roof (2002 TV series)">Under One Roof</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veronica_Mars" title="Veronica Mars">Veronica Mars</a></i> (2004–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WWE_Tough_Enough" title="WWE Tough Enough">WWE Tough Enough</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WWE_Tribute_to_the_Troops" title="WWE Tribute to the Troops">WWE Tribute to the Troops</a></i> (2003–04)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2001)" title="XFL (2001)">XFL</a></i> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_UPN_affiliates" title="List of former UPN affiliates">Affiliates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BHC_Communications" title="BHC Communications">BHC Communications/United Television/Chris-Craft Television</a> (part owner; 1995–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Stations_Group" title="Paramount Stations Group">Paramount Stations Group</a> (1995–2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Network" title="Paramount Television Network">Paramount Television Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Service" title="Paramount Television Service">Paramount Television Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Television_Network" title="Hughes Television Network">Hughes Television Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_UPN" title="History of UPN">History of UPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Studios" title="Paramount Television Studios">Paramount Television Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Television_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Television Distribution">CBS Television Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Interest_and_Syndication_Rules" title="Financial Interest and Syndication Rules">Financial Interest and Syndication Rules</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Season_Finale_(book)" title="Season Finale (book)">Season Finale: The Unexpected Rise and Fall of The WB and UPN</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Paramount_Global" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_Global" title="Template:Paramount Global"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paramount_Global" title="Template talk:Paramount Global"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paramount_Global" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paramount Global"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paramount_Global" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shari_Redstone" title="Shari Redstone">Shari Redstone</a> (Non-Executive Chair)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CBS_Entertainment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Entertainment Group">CBS<br />Entertainment<br />Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; background:">Flagship assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports" title="CBS Sports">CBS Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports_HQ" title="CBS Sports HQ">CBS Sports HQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports_Network" title="CBS Sports Network">CBS Sports Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a> (12.5%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; background:"><a href="/wiki/BET_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="BET Networks">BET Media Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BET" title="BET">BET</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BET_Her" title="BET Her">BET Her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BET_Jams" class="mw-redirect" title="BET Jams">BET Jams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BET_Soul" title="BET Soul">BET Soul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BET%2B" title="BET+">BET+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; background:"><a href="/wiki/CBS_News_and_Stations" title="CBS News and Stations">CBS News<br />and Stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_News_Radio" title="CBS News Radio">CBS News Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">O&O</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCBS-TV" title="KCBS-TV">KCBS-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNC-TV" title="KCNC-TV">KCNC-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDKA-TV" title="KDKA-TV">KDKA-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOVR" title="KOVR">KOVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPIX-TV" title="KPIX-TV">KPIX-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTVT" title="KTVT">KTVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYW-TV" title="KYW-TV">KYW-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBBM-TV" title="WBBM-TV">WBBM-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBZ-TV" title="WBZ-TV">WBZ-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCBS-TV" title="WCBS-TV">WCBS-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCCO-TV" title="WCCO-TV">WCCO-TV/KCCW-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFOR-TV" title="WFOR-TV">WFOR-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJZ-TV" title="WJZ-TV">WJZ-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWJ-TV" title="WWJ-TV">WWJ-TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">Ind.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCAL-TV" title="KCAL-TV">KCAL-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMAX-TV" title="KMAX-TV">KMAX-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPYX" title="KPYX">KPYX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSTW" title="KSTW">KSTW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTXA" title="KTXA">KTXA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBFS-TV" title="WBFS-TV">WBFS-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKBD-TV" title="WKBD-TV">WKBD-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLNY-TV" title="WLNY-TV">WLNY-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPKD-TV" title="WPKD-TV">WPKD-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPSG" title="WPSG">WPSG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSBK-TV" title="WSBK-TV">WSBK-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTOG" title="WTOG">WTOG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUPA" title="WUPA">WUPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_TV" title="Start TV">Start TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WBXI-CD" title="WBXI-CD">WBXI-CD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Network <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fave_TV" title="Fave TV">Fave TV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; background:">Production &<br />distribution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Studios" title="CBS Studios">CBS Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ticket_Entertainment" title="Big Ticket Entertainment">Big Ticket Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Eye_Animation_Productions" title="CBS Eye Animation Productions">CBS Eye Animation Productions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Eye_Animation_Productions#Late_Night_Cartoons,_Inc." title="CBS Eye Animation Productions">Late Night Cartoons, Inc.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Media_Ventures" title="CBS Media Ventures">CBS Media Ventures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dabl" title="Dabl">Dabl</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Home_Entertainment" title="CBS Home Entertainment">CBS Home Entertainment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; background:">Digital media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_MoneyWatch" title="CBS MoneyWatch">CBS MoneyWatch</a></li> <li>CBS Sports Digital <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBSSports.com" title="CBSSports.com">CBSSports.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/247Sports" title="247Sports">247Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxPreps" title="MaxPreps">MaxPreps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Watch" title="CBS Watch">CBS Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last.fm" title="Last.fm">Last.fm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Streaming" title="Paramount Streaming">Streaming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paramount%2B_original_programming" title="List of Paramount+ original programming">original programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paramount%2B_original_films" title="List of Paramount+ original films">original films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)#Streaming_service" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_TV" title="Pluto TV">Pluto TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noggin_(brand)#Mobile_apps" title="Noggin (brand)">Noggin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_News_24/7" title="CBS News 24/7">CBS News 24/7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports_HQ" title="CBS Sports HQ">CBS Sports HQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Media_Networks" title="Paramount Media Networks">U.S. media<br />networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Media_Networks#MTV_Entertainment_Group" title="Paramount Media Networks">MTV Entertainment Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMT_(American_TV_channel)" title="CMT (American TV channel)">CMT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMT_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="CMT Music">CMT Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_TV" title="Logo TV">Logo TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVU" title="MTVU">MTVU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Classic_(American_TV_channel)" title="MTV Classic (American TV channel)">MTV Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Live_(TV_network)" title="MTV Live (TV network)">MTV Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Entertainment_Studios" title="MTV Entertainment Studios">MTV Entertainment Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Animation" title="MTV Animation">MTV Animation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Network" title="Paramount Network">Paramount Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_(American_TV_channel)" title="Pop (American TV channel)">Pop TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Channel" title="Smithsonian Channel">Smithsonian Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showtime_Networks" title="Showtime Networks">Showtime Networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Channel" title="The Movie Channel">The Movie Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flix_(TV_network)" title="Flix (TV network)">Flix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Land" title="TV Land">TV Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Group" title="Nickelodeon Group">Nickelodeon Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon" title="Nickelodeon">Nickelodeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_at_Nite" title="Nick at Nite">Nick at Nite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr." title="Nick Jr.">Nick Jr. (block)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._Channel" title="Nick Jr. Channel">Nick Jr. Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NickMusic" class="mw-redirect" title="NickMusic">NickMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(American_TV_channel)" title="Nicktoons (American TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeenNick" title="TeenNick">TeenNick</a></li> <li>Production <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awesomeness_(company)" title="Awesomeness (company)">Awesomeness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Animation_Studio" title="Nickelodeon Animation Studio">Nickelodeon Animation Studio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Digital" title="Nickelodeon Digital">Nick Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_Studios" title="Avatar Studios">Avatar Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paws,_Inc." title="Paws, Inc.">Paws, Inc.</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount<br />Pictures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Animation" title="Paramount Animation">Paramount Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Players" title="Paramount Players">Paramount Players</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Movies" title="Nickelodeon Movies">Nickelodeon Movies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Home_Entertainment" title="Paramount Home Entertainment">Paramount Home Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Music" title="Paramount Music">Paramount Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">United International Pictures</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramax" title="Miramax">Miramax</a> (49%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures#As_a_Paramount_Global_subsidiary" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_International_Networks" title="Paramount International Networks">International<br />networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_Networks_Americas" title="Template:Paramount Networks Americas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paramount_Networks_Americas" title="Template talk:Paramount Networks Americas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paramount_Networks_Americas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paramount Networks Americas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paramount_Networks_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_Americas" title="Paramount Networks Americas">Paramount Networks Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pan-American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Latin American TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Latin American TV channel)">MTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_MTV_(European_TV_channel)" title="Club MTV (European TV channel)">Club MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_00s" title="MTV 00s">MTV 00s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_80s" title="MTV 80s">MTV 80s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(European_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (European TV channel)">MTV Hits Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Live_(international_TV_channel)" title="MTV Live (international TV channel)">MTV Live</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Latin American TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Latin American TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NickMusic" class="mw-redirect" title="NickMusic">NickMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeenNick" title="TeenNick">TeenNick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Network" title="Paramount Network">Paramount Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefe_Internacional" title="Telefe Internacional">Telefe Internacional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Latin American TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Brazilian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Brazilian TV channel)">MTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_00s" title="MTV 00s">MTV 00s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Live_(European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Live (European TV channel)">MTV Live</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Brazilian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Brazilian TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Latin American TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NickMusic" class="mw-redirect" title="NickMusic">NickMusic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Network_(international)" title="Paramount Network (international)">Paramount Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefe_Internacional" title="Telefe Internacional">Telefe Internacional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Argentina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telefe" title="Telefe">Telefe</a> <ul><li>Córdoba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefe_Rosario" title="Telefe Rosario">Rosario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefe_Santa_Fe" title="Telefe Santa Fe">Santa Fe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_dos_Fundos" title="Porta dos Fundos">Porta dos Fundos</a> (51% JV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIS_Productions" title="TIS Productions">TIS Productions</a> (majority stake)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Brasil" title="MTV Brasil">MTV Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_MegaHits" title="VH1 MegaHits">MTV Hits Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (Latin American TV channel)">MTV Hits Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BET_Jams" class="mw-redirect" title="BET Jams">MTV Jams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJPX" title="WJPX">MTV Puerto Rico</a> (licensed)</li> <li>Nick 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(American_TV_channel)#International_versions" title="Nicktoons (American TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Channel" title="Smithsonian Channel">Smithsonian Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_(Brazilian_TV_channel)" title="VH1 (Brazilian TV channel)">VH1 Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_Classic_(European_TV_channel)" title="VH1 Classic (European TV channel)">VH1 Classic Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="VH1 Classic">VH1 Classic United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_(European_TV_channel)" title="VH1 (European TV channel)">VH1 Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="VH1 HD">VH1 HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="VH1 (Latin American TV channel)">VH1 Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_MegaHits" title="VH1 MegaHits">VH1 MegaHits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BET_Soul" title="BET Soul">VH1 Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Media_Networks" title="Paramount Media Networks">Paramount Media Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_International_Networks" title="Paramount International Networks">Paramount International Networks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_Networks_EMEAA" title="Template:Paramount Networks EMEAA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paramount_Networks_EMEAA" title="Template talk:Paramount Networks EMEAA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paramount_Networks_EMEAA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paramount Networks EMEAA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paramount_Networks_EMEAA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_EMEAA" title="Paramount Networks EMEAA">Paramount Networks EMEAA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MTV_Global" title="MTV Global">MTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Africa" title="MTV Africa">MTV Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Base_(African_TV_channel)" title="MTV Base (African TV channel)">MTV Base</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(French_TV_channel)" title="MTV (French TV channel)">France and Francophone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(French_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (French TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Global" title="MTV Global">Global</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_MTV_(European_TV_channel)" title="Club MTV (European TV channel)">Club MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_00s" title="MTV 00s">MTV 00s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_80s" title="MTV 80s">MTV 80s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_90s" title="MTV 90s">MTV 90s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(European_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (European TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Live_(International_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Live (International TV channel)">MTV Live</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Indian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Indian TV channel)">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Israeli_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Israeli TV channel)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Italian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Italian TV channel)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(Italian_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (Italian TV channel)">MTV Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Japan" title="MTV Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Dutch TV channel)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Polish TV channel)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Portuguese_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Portuguese TV channel)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Spanish TV channel)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Mandarin" title="MTV Mandarin">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_80s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 80s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 80s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_90s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 90s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 90s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon" title="Nickelodeon">Nickelodeon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickelodeon (Middle Eastern and North African TV channel)">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Sub-Saharan_African_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickelodeon (Sub-Saharan African TV channel)">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Asian TV channel)">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Malaysian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Malaysian TV channel)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Philippine_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Philippine TV channel)">Philippines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Global" title="Nickelodeon Global">Central/Eastern Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Ukrainian_TV_programming_block)" title="Nickelodeon (Ukrainian TV programming block)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Croatian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Croatian TV channel)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Serbian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Serbian TV channel)">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Slovenian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Slovenian TV channel)">Slovenia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Danish_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickelodeon (Danish TV channel)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(European_TV_network)" title="Nickelodeon (European TV network)">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Flemish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Flemish TV channel)">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(French_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (French TV channel)">France and French-speaking Switzerland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Junior" title="Nickelodeon Junior">Nickelodeon Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Teen" title="Nickelodeon Teen">Nickelodeon Teen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(German_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (German TV channel)">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(German_TV_channel)#Austrian_channel" title="Nickelodeon (German TV channel)">Austria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Schweiz" title="Nickelodeon Schweiz">German-speaking Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Greek_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Greek TV channel)">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Plus" title="Nickelodeon Plus">Nickelodeon Plus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Spanish_and_Portuguese_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Spanish and Portuguese TV channel)">Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Israel)" title="Nickelodeon (Israel)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Italian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Italian TV channel)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Dutch TV channel)">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NickMusic_(Dutch_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="NickMusic (Dutch TV channel)">NickMusic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Polish TV channel)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Scandinavian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Scandinavian TV channel)">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Swedish TV channel)">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Turkish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Turkish TV channel)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Walloon_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Walloon TV channel)">Wallonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Pakistani_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Pakistani TV channel)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeenNick#International_versions" title="TeenNick">TeenNick</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._Channel" title="Nick Jr. Channel">Nick Jr.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Middle Eastern and North African TV channel)">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Sub-Saharan_African_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Jr. (Sub-Saharan African TV channel)">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Russian TV channel)">CIS, Ukraine and Georgia (previously Russia and Belarus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(German_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (German TV channel)">Germany, Austria and Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Greek_TV_programming_block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Jr. (Greek TV programming block)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Israeli_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Israeli TV channel)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Italian_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Italian TV channel)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Dutch TV channel)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Portuguese_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Portuguese TV channel)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Scandinavian_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Scandinavian TV channel)">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Southeast_Asian_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Southeast Asian TV channel)">Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Turkish_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Jr. (Turkish TV channel)">Turkey</a></li> <li>Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(American_TV_channel)" title="Nicktoons (American TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_TV_channel)" title="Nicktoons (Middle Eastern and North African TV channel)">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(Sub-Saharan_African_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicktoons (Sub-Saharan African TV channel)">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(European_TV_channel)" title="Nicktoons (European TV channel)">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(German_TV_channel)" title="Nicktoons (German TV channel)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="Nicktoons (Dutch TV channel)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(American_TV_channel)#International_versions" title="Nicktoons (American TV channel)">Scandinavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Russian TV channel)">CIS and Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Belgian_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Belgian TV channel)">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(French_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (French TV channel)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(German_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (German TV channel)">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(German_TV_channel)#Austrian_subfeed" title="Comedy Central (German TV channel)">Austrian subfeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(German_TV_channel)#Swiss_subfeed" title="Comedy Central (German TV channel)">Swiss subfeed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Hungarian_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Hungarian TV channel)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Comedy_Central" title="Hot Comedy Central">Hot Comedy Central (Israel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Italian_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Italian TV channel)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Dutch TV channel)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Polish TV channel)">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polsat_Comedy_Central_Extra" title="Polsat Comedy Central Extra">Polsat Comedy Central Extra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Romanian_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Romanian TV channel)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Spanish TV channel)">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Network_(international)" title="Paramount Network (international)">Paramount Network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Network_(Czech_Republic)" title="Paramount Network (Czech Republic)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Network_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="Paramount Network (Dutch TV channel)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Network_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="Paramount Network (Spanish TV channel)">Spain</a></li> <li>Paramount Channel (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BET_(French_TV_channel)" title="BET (French TV channel)">BET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego_(TV_channel)" title="Ego (TV channel)">Ego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_One" title="Game One">Game One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-One" title="J-One">J-One</a></li> <li>JVs with <a href="/wiki/AMC_Networks_International" title="AMC Networks International">AMC Networks International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Europa" title="CBS Europa">CBS Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Reality" title="CBS Reality">CBS Reality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super!" title="Super!">Super!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5Spike" title="5Spike">5Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Action_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="CBS Action (Polish TV channel)">CBS Action Poland</a></li> <li>Comedy Central <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Extra" title="Comedy Central Extra">Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Family_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central Family (Dutch TV channel)">Family Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Swedish TV channel)">Sweden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindernet" title="Kindernet">Kindernet</a></li> <li>MTV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Adria)" title="MTV (Adria)">Adria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Africa" title="MTV Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Australian_and_New_Zealand_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Australian and New Zealand TV channel)">Australia and New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Austrian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Austrian TV channel)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Belgian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Belgian TV channel)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Czech_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Czech TV channel)">Czech Republic and Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Mandarin" title="MTV Mandarin">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Danish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Danish TV channel)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Estonian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Estonian TV channel)">Eesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Finnish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Finnish TV channel)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Greek_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Greek TV channel)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Hungarian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Hungarian TV channel)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Indonesian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Indonesian TV channel)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Lithuanian_%26_Latvian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Lithuanian & Latvian TV channel)">Lithuania and Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Middle_Eastern_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Middle Eastern TV channel)">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(New_Zealand_TV_channel)" title="MTV (New Zealand TV channel)">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Nordic_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Nordic TV channel)">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Norwegian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Norwegian TV channel)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Pakistani_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Pakistani TV channel)">Pakistan</a></li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Philippine_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Philippine TV channel)">Original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Pinoy" title="MTV Pinoy">MTV Pinoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVph" title="MTVph">MTVph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Romanian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Romanian TV channel)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Russian TV channel)">Russia, CIS and Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Asian TV channel)">Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Swedish TV channel)">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Swiss_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Swiss TV channel)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Thailand" title="MTV Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Turkish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Turkish TV channel)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Ukrainian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Ukrainian TV channel)">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Base_(French_TV_channel)" title="MTV Base (French TV channel)">MTV Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Brand_New" title="MTV Brand New">MTV Brand New</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Brand_New_(Italian_TV_channel)" title="MTV Brand New (Italian TV channel)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Brand_New_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="MTV Brand New (Dutch TV channel)">Netherlands</a></li></ul></li> <li>MTV Classic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Classic_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="MTV Classic (Australian TV channel)">Australia and New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Classic_(Italian_TV_channel)" title="MTV Classic (Italian TV channel)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Classic_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Classic (Polish TV channel)">Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li>Club MTV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_MTV_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Club MTV (Australian TV channel)">Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li>MTV Hits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(Australian_and_New_Zealand_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (Australian and New Zealand TV channel)">Australia and New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(European_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (European TV channel)">Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Idol" title="MTV Idol">MTV Idol</a></li> <li>MTV Music <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(Greek_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (Greek TV channel)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (Polish TV channel)">Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_24" title="MTV Music 24">MTV Music 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Plus" title="MTV Plus">MTV Plus</a></li> <li>MTV Pulse <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Pulse_(French_TV_channel)" title="MTV Pulse (French TV channel)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Pulse_(Italian_TV_channel)" title="MTV Pulse (Italian TV channel)">Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Rocks_(European_TV_channel)" title="MTV Rocks (European TV channel)">MTV Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2_Pop" title="MTV2 Pop">MTV2 Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Russian TV channel)">Nickelodeon Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOOB" title="QOOB">QOOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Dutch TV channel)">The Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Factory" title="The Music Factory">The Music Factory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TMF_Flanders" title="TMF Flanders">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMF_Nederland" title="TMF Nederland">Nederland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMF_Dance" title="TMF Dance">TMF Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMF_NL" title="TMF NL">TMF NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMF_Pure" title="TMF Pure">TMF Pure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VH1_(Danish_TV_channel)" title="VH1 (Danish TV channel)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_(European_TV_channel)" title="VH1 (European TV channel)">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH-1_(German_TV_channel)" title="VH-1 (German TV channel)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="VH1 (Polish TV channel)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_(Italian_TV_channel)" title="VH1 (Italian TV channel)">Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_Classic_(European_TV_channel)" title="VH1 Classic (European TV channel)">VH1 Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_International_Networks#Former_networks" title="Paramount International Networks">VIVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_Austria" title="VIVA Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_(German_TV_channel)" title="VIVA (German TV channel)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_(Hungarian_TV_channel)" title="VIVA (Hungarian TV channel)">Hungary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Media_Networks" title="Paramount Media Networks">Paramount Media Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_International_Networks" title="Paramount International Networks">Paramount International Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount Networks UK & Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_S.p.A." title="Rainbow S.p.A.">Rainbow S.p.A.</a> (30%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paramount_channels" title="List of Paramount channels">List of Paramount channels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Template:Paramount Networks UK & Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Template talk:Paramount Networks UK & Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paramount Networks UK & Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paramount_Networks_UK_&amp;_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount Networks UK & Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom<br />& Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(British_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (British TV channel)">Comedy Central</a><sup>1</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Extra" title="Comedy Central Extra">Comedy Central Extra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_(television_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legend (television channel)">Legend</a><sup>2</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legend_(television_channel)#Legend_Xtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Legend (television channel)">Legend Xtra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_80s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 80s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 80s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_90s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 90s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 90s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nicktoons (British and Irish TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (British and Irish TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)#Nick_Jr._Too/Nick_Jr._2" title="Nick Jr. (British and Irish TV channel)">Nick Jr. Too</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_(AMC_Networks)" title="True Crime (AMC Networks)">True Crime</a><sup>2</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Xtra" title="True Crime Xtra">True Crime Xtra</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UK-only" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK-only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5Action" title="5Action">5Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5Select" title="5Select">5Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5Star" title="5Star">5Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5USA" title="5USA">5USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkshake!" title="Milkshake!">Milkshake!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My5" title="My5">My5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Live_(International_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Live (International TV channel)">MTV Live</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ten_Network_Holdings" title="Ten Network Holdings">Ten Network Holdings</a><br />(Australia &<br />New Zealand)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_10" title="Network 10">Network 10</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADS_(TV_station)" title="ADS (TV station)">Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVQ" title="TVQ">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATV_(Australian_TV_station)" title="ATV (Australian TV station)">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEW_(TV_station)" title="NEW (TV station)">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEN_(TV_station)" title="TEN (TV station)">Sydney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multichannels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Network_10#10_HD" title="Network 10">10 HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Bold_Drama" title="10 Bold Drama">10 Bold Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Peach_Comedy" title="10 Peach Comedy">10 Peach Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Australian TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You.tv" title="You.tv">you.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gecko (TV channel)">gecko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMT_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="CMT (Australian TV channel)">CMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(Australian_and_New_Zealand_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (Australian and New Zealand TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Australian_and_New_Zealand_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Australian and New Zealand TV channel)">MTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Classic_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="MTV Classic (Australian TV channel)">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_MTV_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Club MTV (Australian TV channel)">Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(Australian_and_New_Zealand_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (Australian and New Zealand TV channel)">Hits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Australian_and_New_Zealand_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickelodeon (Australian and New Zealand TV channel)">Nickelodeon (Australia and New Zealand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Australian_and_New_Zealand_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Australian and New Zealand TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NickMusic_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="NickMusic (Australia and New Zealand)">NickMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OzTAM" title="OzTAM">OzTAM</a><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canwest" title="Canwest">Canwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_Network_10" title="List of programs broadcast by Network 10">Network 10 programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5Spike" title="5Spike">5Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_daily" title="10 daily">10 daily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BET_International" title="BET International">BET International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Justice" title="CBS Justice">CBS Justice</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li>MTV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Base" title="MTV Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Classic_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Classic (British and Irish TV channel)">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Club MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Extra" title="MTV Extra">Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Flux" title="MTV Flux">Flux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (British and Irish TV channel)">Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(Australian_and_New_Zealand_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (Australian and New Zealand TV channel)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_OMG" title="MTV OMG">OMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Rocks_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Rocks (British and Irish TV channel)">Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Shows" title="MTV Shows">Shows</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoonsters" title="Nicktoonsters">Nicktoonsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Channel_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Smithsonian Channel (British and Irish TV channel)">Smithsonian Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Spike (Australian TV channel)">Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spree_TV" title="Spree TV">Spree TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Guide" title="Ten Guide">Ten Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMF_(UK_%26_Ireland)" title="TMF (UK & Ireland)">TMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="VH1 (British and Irish TV channel)">VH1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VH1_Classic_(European_TV_channel)" title="VH1 Classic (European TV channel)">Classic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH2" title="VH2">VH2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Viva (British and Irish TV channel)">Viva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><small><sup>1</sup>75% with <a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky Group</a></small></li> <li><small><sup>2</sup>with <a href="/wiki/AMC_Networks_International_UK" title="AMC Networks International UK">AMC Networks International UK</a></small></li> <li><small><sup>3</sup>33% with <a href="/wiki/Seven_Network" title="Seven Network">Seven Network</a> & <a href="/wiki/Nine_Network" title="Nine Network">Nine Network</a></small></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Paramount_Global" title="List of assets owned by Paramount Global">Miscellaneous<br />holdings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellator_MMA" title="Bellator MMA">Bellator MMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Broadcast_Center" title="CBS Broadcast Center">CBS Broadcast Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sullivan_Theater" title="Ed Sullivan Theater">Ed Sullivan Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Consumer_Products" title="Paramount Consumer Products">Paramount Consumer Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global_Content_Distribution" title="Paramount Global Content Distribution">Paramount Global Content Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_(company)" title="Philo (company)">Philo</a> (unknown stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_dos_Fundos" title="Porta dos Fundos">Porta dos Fundos</a> (51%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhoSay" title="WhoSay">WhoSay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct/former<br />holdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AXS_TV" title="AXS TV">AXS TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(retailer)" title="Blockbuster (retailer)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNET" title="BNET">BNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Cable" title="CBS Cable">CBS Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_People" title="Discovery People">CBS Eye on People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Films" title="CBS Films">CBS Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Innertube" title="CBS Innertube">CBS Innertube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Productions" title="CBS Productions">CBS Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Radio" title="CBS Radio">CBS Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Records_(2006)" title="CBS Records (2006)">CBS Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Telenoticias" title="CBS Telenoticias">CBS Telenoticias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chowhound" title="Chowhound">Chowhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNET_Video" title="CNET Video">CNET Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Download.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Download.com">Download.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UrbanBaby" title="UrbanBaby">UrbanBaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDNET" title="ZDNET">ZDNET</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SmartPlanet" title="SmartPlanet">SmartPlanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TechRepublic" title="TechRepublic">TechRepublic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Films" title="Comedy Central Films">Comedy Central Films</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ComicBook.com" title="ComicBook.com">ComicBook.com</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">Epix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famous_Music" title="Famous Music">Famous Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FindArticles" title="FindArticles">FindArticles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_FM" title="Free FM">Free FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GameFAQs" title="GameFAQs">GameFAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameRankings" title="GameRankings">GameRankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Bomb" title="Giant Bomb">Giant Bomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameTrailers" title="GameTrailers">GameTrailers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonix" title="Harmonix">Harmonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDNet_Movies" title="HDNet Movies">HDNet Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFilm" title="IFilm">IFilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Infinity Broadcasting Corporation">Infinity Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurge_Pictures" title="Insurge Pictures">Insurge Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_World_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="King World Productions">King World Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetroLyrics" title="MetroLyrics">MetroLyrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MovieTickets.com" title="MovieTickets.com">MovieTickets.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopets" title="Neopets">Neopets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Carroll_Theatre_(Los_Angeles)" title="Earl Carroll Theatre (Los Angeles)">Nickelodeon on Sunset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Records" title="Nickelodeon Records">Nick Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnGamers" title="OnGamers">onGamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Digital_Entertainment" title="Paramount Digital Entertainment">Paramount Digital Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Famous_Productions" title="Paramount Famous Productions">Paramount Famous Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Parks" title="Paramount Parks">Paramount Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Stations_Group" title="Paramount Stations Group">Paramount Stations Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Studios" title="Paramount Television Studios">Paramount Television Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Vantage" title="Paramount Vantage">Paramount Vantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_S.p.A." title="Rainbow S.p.A.">Rainbow S.p.A.</a> (30%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardel_Entertainment" title="Bardel Entertainment">Bardel Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Film">Colorado Film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout.com" title="Scout.com">Scout.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shockwave_(game_portal)" title="Shockwave (game portal)">Shockwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_Television" title="Spelling Television">Spelling Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TV.com" title="TV.com">TV.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clicker.com" title="Clicker.com">Clicker.com</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting-Paramount_Theatres" title="American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres">United Paramount Theatres</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VersionTracker" title="VersionTracker">VersionTracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_Uno" title="VH1 Uno">VH1 Uno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom18" title="Viacom18">Viacom18</a> (13%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom_Entertainment_Store" title="Viacom Entertainment Store">Viacom Entertainment Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VidCon" title="VidCon">VidCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Broadcasting" title="Westinghouse Broadcasting">Westinghouse Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Licensing_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Licensing Corporation">Westinghouse Licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldvision_Enterprises" title="Worldvision Enterprises">Worldvision Enterprises</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Corporation" title="CBS Corporation">CBS Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_and_Western_Industries" title="Gulf and Western Industries">Gulf and Western Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Amusements" title="National Amusements">National Amusements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom_(1952%E2%80%932005)" title="Viacom (1952–2005)">Viacom (1952–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%932019)" title="Viacom (2005–2019)">Viacom (2005–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation">Westinghouse Electric Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_CBS" title="History of CBS">History of CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_of_CBS_Corporation_and_Viacom" title="Split of CBS Corporation and Viacom">Split of CBS Corporation and Viacom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_merger_of_CBS_and_Viacom" title="2019 merger of CBS and Viacom">2019 merger of CBS and Viacom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_merger_of_Skydance_Media_and_Paramount_Global" title="Proposed merger of Skydance Media and Paramount Global">Proposed merger of Skydance Media and Paramount Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Paramount_Global" title="Criticism of Paramount Global">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_News_controversies_and_criticism" title="CBS News controversies and criticism">News</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paramount_Global_television_programs" title="List of Paramount Global television programs">Television programs</a></li> <li>Buildings and facilities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Building" title="CBS Building">CBS Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Astor_Plaza" title="One Astor Plaza">One Astor Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radford_Studio_Center" title="Radford Studio Center">Radford Studio Center</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206272#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206272#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206272#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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