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href="#Establishment_of_Federal_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Establishment of Federal Parliament</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Establishment_of_Federal_Parliament-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Establishment of Federal Parliament subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_Federal_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-transition_Roadmap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-transition_Roadmap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Post-transition Roadmap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-transition_Roadmap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_Selection_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_Selection_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Technical Selection Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_Selection_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inauguration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inauguration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Inauguration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inauguration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-10th_Parliament_(2016)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10th_Parliament_(2016)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>10th Parliament (2016)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10th_Parliament_(2016)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-11th_Parliament_(2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#11th_Parliament_(2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>11th Parliament (2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-11th_Parliament_(2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speaker_of_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speaker_of_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Speaker of Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speaker_of_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Duties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_the_People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_the_People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>House of the People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_the_People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Committees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Parliaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Parliaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>List of Parliaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Parliaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voting_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voting system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voting_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tenure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memberships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memberships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Memberships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memberships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Parliament of Somalia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84" title="البرلمان الاتحادي في الصومال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البرلمان الاتحادي في الصومال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Federal_de_Som%C3%A0lia" title="Parlament Federal de Somàlia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parlament Federal de Somàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesparlament_(Somalia)" title="Bundesparlament (Somalia) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bundesparlament (Somalia)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_(Somalie)" title="Parlement fédéral (Somalie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parlement fédéral (Somalie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Somalije" title="Parlament Somalije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Parlament Somalije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federale_Parlement_van_Somali%C3%AB" title="Federale Parlement van Somalië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Federale Parlement van Somalië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A_(%E3%82%BD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2)" title="連邦議会 (ソマリア) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="連邦議会 (ソマリア)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Федеральный парламент Сомали – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Федеральный парламент Сомали" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Federal Parliament of Somalia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baarlamaanka_Federaalka_Soomaaliya" title="Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐสภากลางโซมาเลีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐสภากลางโซมาเลีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="索马里联邦议会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="索马里联邦议会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q176597#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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searchaux" style="display:none">National legislature of Somalia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Federal Parliament of Somalia</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya<br /></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">11th Somali Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/230px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/345px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/460px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">Bicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Houses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somalian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalian Senate">Senate</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a> (<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#House_of_the_People">House of the People</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">20 August 1956<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1956-08-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Transitional Federal Parliament of Somalia</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Senate_of_Somalia" title="Speaker of the Senate of Somalia">Speaker of the Senate of Somalia</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Abdi_Hashi_Abdullahi" title="Abdi Hashi Abdullahi">Abdi Hashi Abdullahi</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />since 22 January 2017 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_the_People_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the House of the People of Somalia">Speaker of the House of the People of Somalia</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Aden_Madobe" title="Aden Madobe">Aden Madobe</a> <br />since 28 April 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">275 MPs and 54 senators</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">Indirect</a> <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2021-2022_Somali_parliamentary_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2021-2022 Somali parliamentary election">2021–2022</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data">TBD</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a>, Somalia</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.so">www<wbr />.parliament<wbr />.gov<wbr />.so</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Somalia" title="Politics of Somalia">Politics of Somalia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/400px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Member State of the Arab League</a></span> </p> <hr /></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">Provisional Constitution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_Somalia" title="Federal Government of Somalia">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Somalia" title="President of Somalia">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somalia" title="List of presidents of Somalia">List</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Somalia" title="List of prime ministers of Somalia">Prime Minister</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Hamza Abdi Barre</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Council_of_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Somali Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="List of speakers of the Parliament of Somalia">Speaker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Aden_Madobe" title="Aden Madobe">Aden Madobe</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="List of members of the Federal Parliament of Somalia">Members of the Federal Parliament</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Somalia" title="Judiciary of Somalia">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Somalia" title="Judiciary of Somalia">Judiciary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Somalia" title="Elections in Somalia">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2017_Somali_presidential_election" title="2017 Somali presidential election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Somali_presidential_election" title="2022 Somali presidential election">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary: <a href="/wiki/2016_Somali_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Somali parliamentary election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Somali_parliamentary_election" title="2021–2022 Somali parliamentary election">2021–2022</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Referendum: <a href="/wiki/1979_Somali_constitutional_referendum" title="1979 Somali constitutional referendum">1979 <span style="font-size:85%;">(latest)</span></a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Somalia" title="Administrative divisions of Somalia">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_and_regions_of_Somalia" title="States and regions of Somalia">States and regions</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Galmudug" title="Galmudug">Galmudug</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hirshabelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirshabelle">Hirshabelle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jubaland" title="Jubaland">Jubaland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Puntland" title="Puntland">Puntland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/South_West_State_of_Somalia" title="South West State of Somalia">South West Somalia</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Claimed territory <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somalia" title="Foreign relations of Somalia">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Somalia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Somalia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Abshir_Omar_Huruse" title="Abshir Omar Huruse">Abshir Omar Huruse</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Somalia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Somalia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Somalia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Somalia">in Somalia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationality_law" title="Somali nationality law">Somali nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_passport" title="Somali passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Somali_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Somali citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Somalia" title="Visa policy of Somalia">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Somalia" title="List of political parties in Somalia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Somalia" title="Human rights in Somalia">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Somalia" title="Portal:Somalia">Somalia portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Somalia" title="Template:Politics of Somalia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Somalia" title="Template talk:Politics of Somalia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Somalia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Somalia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Federal Parliament of Somalia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>: <i lang="so">Golaha Shacabka Soomaaliya</i>; often <i>Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">البرلمان الاتحادي في الصومال</span>) is the national parliament of <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>. Formed in August 2012, it is based in the capital <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a> and is <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a>, consisting of an <a href="/wiki/Upper_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper House">Upper House</a> (Senate) and a <a href="/wiki/Lower_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower House">Lower House</a> (House of the People). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_history">Parliamentary history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Parliamentary history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first parliament in independent Somalia was unicameral National Assembly (1960–1969<sup id="cite_ref-somparlhist_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-somparlhist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). It was followed by unicameral House of the People (1969–2012<sup id="cite_ref-somparlhist_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-somparlhist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) which did not function during <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a>. Unicameral Federal Parliament was established in 2012, and it was reformulated as bicameral in 2016, when <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Somalia" title="Senate of Somalia">Senate of Somalia</a> was established.<sup id="cite_ref-somparlhist_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-somparlhist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Establishment_of_Federal_Parliament">Establishment of Federal Parliament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment of Federal Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-transition_Roadmap">Post-transition Roadmap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-transition Roadmap"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of the official "Roadmap for the End of Transition", a political process devised by former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdiweli_Mohamed_Ali_Gaas" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas">Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas</a> which provides clear benchmarks leading toward the establishment of permanent democratic institutions in Somalia by late August 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-Aasratdocwau_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aasratdocwau-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> members of Somalia's then ruling <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitional Federal Government">Transitional Federal Government</a> (TFG) and other administrative officials met in the northeastern town of <a href="/wiki/Garowe" class="mw-redirect" title="Garowe">Garowe</a> in February 2012 to discuss post-transition arrangements. After extensive deliberations attended by regional actors and international observers, the conference ended in a signed agreement between TFG President <a href="/wiki/Sharif_Sheikh_Ahmed" title="Sharif Sheikh Ahmed">Sharif Sheikh Ahmed</a>, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdiweli_Gaas" title="Abdiweli Gaas">Abdiweli Gaas</a>, Speaker of Parliament <a href="/wiki/Sharif_Hassan_Sheikh_Aden" title="Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden">Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puntland" title="Puntland">Puntland</a> President <a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Farole" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Farole">Abdirahman Mohamed Farole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galmudug" title="Galmudug">Galmudug</a> President <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ahmed_Alin" title="Mohamed Ahmed Alin">Mohamed Ahmed Alim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahlu_Sunna_Waljama%27a" title="Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a">Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a</a> representative Khalif Abdulkadir Noor stipulating a new 225 member <a href="/wiki/Bicameral_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral parliament">bicameral parliament</a> would be formed, consisting of an upper house seating 54 senators and a lower house; of which 30% of the National Constituent Assembly (NCA) is earmarked for women; the President is to be appointed via a constitutional election; and the prime minister is selected by the president, who would then name a <a href="/wiki/Somali_Council_of_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Somali Council of Ministers">council of ministers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sgcctac_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sgcctac-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sgcc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sgcc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 June, TFG and regional leaders approved a draft constitution after several days of deliberation.<sup id="cite_ref-Aassladc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aassladc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NCA, which consists of 30 elders drawn from each of the country's four major Somali clans (<a href="/wiki/Darod" title="Darod">Darod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dir_(clan)" title="Dir (clan)">Dir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawiye" title="Hawiye">Hawiye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahanweyn" title="Rahanweyn">Rahanweyn</a>) and 15 from a coalition of minority groups based on the 4.5 power-sharing formula,<sup id="cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajssihnp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> overwhelmingly passed the new constitution on 1 August. 96% of the 645 delegates present voted for it, 2% against it and 2% abstained.<sup id="cite_ref-Gsaacai_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gsaacai-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Xsnecwh_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xsnecwh-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the constitution to come into effect, it will need to be ratified by the new parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_Selection_Committee">Technical Selection Committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Technical Selection Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohamed_mursal_(Copy).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Mohamed_mursal_%28Copy%29.png/220px-Mohamed_mursal_%28Copy%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Mohamed_mursal_%28Copy%29.png/330px-Mohamed_mursal_%28Copy%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Mohamed_mursal_%28Copy%29.png/440px-Mohamed_mursal_%28Copy%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Mursal_Sheikh_Abdurahman" title="Mohamed Mursal Sheikh Abdurahman">Mohamed Mursal Sheikh Abdurahman</a>, the former Speaker of the Federal Parliament.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 18 August 2012, a list of 202 new parliamentarians was released,<sup id="cite_ref-Gslonpl_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gslonpl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a total of 215 legislators eventually sworn in on 20 August. A further 15 nominated lawmakers were approved by the Technical Selection Committee (TSC),<sup id="cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajssihnp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an independent body officially tasked with vetting the applicants.<sup id="cite_ref-Gslonpl_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gslonpl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, verification of their paperwork was still pending before they could be officially sworn into parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajssihnp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remaining candidates that were submitted by the National Constituent Assembly's elders to the TSC were rejected for failing to meet specific criteria agreed upon by stakeholders that partook in earlier agreements, including the Galkayo and <a href="/wiki/Garowe_Principles" title="Garowe Principles">Garowe Principles</a> accords. The minimal selection criteria required potential MPs to be Somali nationals possessing a "sound mind", to have at least a high school diploma,<sup id="cite_ref-Gslonpl_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gslonpl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be capable of carrying out parliamentary duties, and to have no reported links with warlords, rebels, armed groups and other potential spoiler elements.<sup id="cite_ref-Gscewraagffp_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gscewraagffp-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TSC also based its screening procedure on detailed background information on the parliamentary candidates that was forwarded to it by the United Nations and <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gscewraagffp_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gscewraagffp-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inauguration">Inauguration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Inauguration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inaugural session of parliament was held on 20 August 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Aden_Adde_International_Airport" title="Aden Adde International Airport">Mogadishu airport</a> since the main parliament building was undergoing renovations. The outgoing President, Prime Minister and Speaker of Parliament all attended the ceremony in the capital, which witnessed the swearing in of most of the MPs and the selection of a new interim Speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-Fcacsunesinpshm_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fcacsunesinpshm-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="10th_Parliament_(2016)"><span id="10th_Parliament_.282016.29"></span>10th Parliament (2016)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 10th Parliament (2016)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tenth Parliament of Somalia was inaugurated on 27 December 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a statement to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Keating_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Keating (United Kingdom)">Michael Keating</a>, Special Representative and Head of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_in_Somalia" title="United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia">United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia</a> (UNSOM), noted that the Upper House of Parliament had come into existence, comprising 54 members chosen on the basis of the federal member state rather than on a clan basis; the electorate had expanded from 135 male elders in 2012, to more than 13,000, 30% of whom were women; and voting had taken place in six locations around the country, reflecting emerging state structures.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">constitutional</a> mandate of the parliamentarians ended on 27 December 2020, and Somalia had no parliament until the swearing-in of the 11th Parliament in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-Horn_Observer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horn_Observer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="11th_Parliament_(2022)"><span id="11th_Parliament_.282022.29"></span>11th Parliament (2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 11th Parliament (2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the 11th Federal Parliament of Somalia were sworn-in in Mogadishu on 14 April 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 250 out of 275 members of the House of the People and 40 out of 54 members of the Senate took their oaths of office.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abdi Hashi Abdullahi was reelected as speaker of the Senate, and Ali Shacban Ibrahim and Abdullahi Ali Hirsi were elected as first and second deputy speakers on 26 April 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Aden_Madobe" title="Aden Madobe">Aden Mohamed Nur Madobe</a> was elected as speaker of the House of the People on 27 April 2022, while Saadia Yasin Haji Samatar and Abdullahi Omar Abshirow were elected as first and second deputy speakers the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Speaker_of_Parliament">Speaker of Parliament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Speaker of Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="List of speakers of the Parliament of Somalia">List of speakers of the Parliament of Somalia</a></div> <p>On 20 August 2012, former <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Somalia">Somali National Army</a> (SNA) General <a href="/wiki/Muse_Hassan_Sheikh_Sayid_Abdulle" title="Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle">Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle</a> was appointed Interim Speaker and Acting President.<sup id="cite_ref-Softsp_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Softsp-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voting for a new Speaker of Parliament was held on 28 August 2012, with former Minister of Transportation and Minister of Labor and Sports <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Osman_Jawari" title="Mohamed Osman Jawari">Mohamed Osman Jawari</a> elected as Speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-Vspepfng_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vspepfng-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jaylaani_Nur_Ikar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaylaani Nur Ikar">Jaylaani Nur Ikar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahad_Abdalle_Awad" title="Mahad Abdalle Awad">Mahad Abdalle Awad</a> are serving as his First Deputy Speaker and Second Deputy Speaker, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Ssscfeioty_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ssscfeioty-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duties">Duties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Federal Parliament of Somalia constitutes the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a> branch of government, with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_Somalia" title="Federal Government of Somalia">Federal Government of Somalia</a> representing the executive division. </p><p>The parliament elects the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Somalia">President</a>, Speaker of Parliament and Deputy Speakers. It also has the authority to pass and veto laws.<sup id="cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajssihnp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, the national parliament is tasked with selecting the ultimate number and boundaries of the autonomous regional states (officially, <i>Federal Member States</i>) within the Federal Republic of Somalia.<sup id="cite_ref-FRSom_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRSom-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gttsdpc_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gttsdpc-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 April 2014, the parliamentary committee of interior and security announced that it would soon establish a committee to oversee the federalism process in Somalia's constituent provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-Gpic_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gpic-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Members_of_the_Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Members of the Federal Parliament of Somalia">List of Members of the Federal Parliament of Somalia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hodan_Ahmed.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hodan_Ahmed.png/220px-Hodan_Ahmed.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hodan_Ahmed.png/330px-Hodan_Ahmed.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hodan_Ahmed.png/440px-Hodan_Ahmed.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>Parliamentary consultant <a href="/wiki/Hodan_Ahmed" title="Hodan Ahmed">Hodan Ahmed</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Federal Parliament of Somalia is <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a>, consisting of an <a href="/wiki/Upper_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper House">Upper House</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Lower_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower House">Lower House</a> (House of the People).<sup id="cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajssihnp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes many professionals and university graduates.<sup id="cite_ref-Fcacsunesinpshm_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fcacsunesinpshm-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 30% of seats are legally reserved for women, a quota secured by Somali parliamentary consultant <a href="/wiki/Hodan_Ahmed" title="Hodan Ahmed">Hodan Ahmed</a> and women political leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-Mlcpp_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mlcpp-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmed had also helped form the Somali Women Parliamentary Association in 2009 in the preceding <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Federal_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitional Federal Parliament">Transitional Federal Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ndiha_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ndiha-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An official <a href="/wiki/List_of_Members_of_the_Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Members of the Federal Parliament of Somalia">list of Members of the Federal Parliament</a> was first published on 17 August 2012 by the Office of the Somali Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Softsp_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Softsp-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate">Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Somalia" title="Senate of Somalia">Senate of Somalia</a></div> <p>The Senate, or Upper house, was elected during <a href="/wiki/Somali_parliamentary_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Somali parliamentary election, 2016">Somali parliamentary election held on 2016</a> and it contains 54 senators.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_the_People">House of the People</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: House of the People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The House of the People, or lower house, is eventually expected to comprise 275 MPs.<sup id="cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajssihnp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Committees">Committees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Federal Parliament has a number of committees, which are tasked with carrying out its duties. They include:<sup id="cite_ref-Fposc_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fposc-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Oversight, Review and Implementation Committee</li> <li>Rules of Procedure, Ethics, Discipline and Immunity Committee</li> <li>Judiciary, Religious Sites and Religious Affairs Committee</li> <li>Internal Affairs, Regional Administration and Security Committee</li> <li>Truth, Reconciliation and Restitution Committee</li> <li>Committee on Budget, Finance, Planning, International Cooperation and Financial Oversight of Public Institutions</li> <li>Foreign Affairs Committee</li> <li>Defence Committee</li> <li>Human Rights, Women and Humanitarian Affairs Committee</li> <li>Social Services Development Committee</li> <li>National Resource Committee</li> <li>Information & Media, Public Awareness, Culture Post and Telecommunication Committee</li> <li>Committee for Roads, Ports, Airports, Energy and Transport</li> <li>Committee for Economy, Trade and Industry</li></ul> <p>In March 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Somalia">Federal Cabinet</a> agreed to establish a new commission tasked with overseeing the nationalization and integration of security forces in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Scmafmctwt_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scmafmctwt-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Parliaments">List of Parliaments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: List of Parliaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1st Somali Parliament (1956–1960) – majority party : <a href="/wiki/Somali_Youth_League" title="Somali Youth League">Somali Youth League</a></li> <li>2nd Somali Parliament (1960–1964) – majority party : <a href="/wiki/Somali_Youth_League" title="Somali Youth League">Somali Youth League</a></li> <li>3rd Somali Parliament (1964–1968) – majority party : <a href="/wiki/Somali_Youth_League" title="Somali Youth League">Somali Youth League</a></li> <li>4th Somali Parliament (1968–1970) – majority party : <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Revolutionary_Council_(Somalia)" title="Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)">Supreme Revolutionary Council</a></li> <li>5th Somali Parliament (1980–1986) – majority party : <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Revolutionary_Council_(Somalia)" title="Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)">Supreme Revolutionary Council</a></li> <li>6th Somali Parliament (1986–1990) – majority party : <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Revolutionary_Council_(Somalia)" title="Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)">Supreme Revolutionary Council</a></li> <li>7th Somali Parliament (2000–2004) – majority party : <i>none</i></li> <li>8th Somali Parliament (2004–2012) – majority party : <i>none</i></li> <li>9th Somali Parliament (2012–2016) – majority party : <i>peace and development party</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Members_of_the_Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Members of the Federal Parliament of Somalia">10th Somali Parliament</a> (2016–2020) – majority party : <i>nabad iyo nolal (tayo)</i></li> <li>11th Somali Parliament (2022–2026) – majority party :<b>Union for Peace and Development Party</b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voting_system">Voting system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Voting system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 47 of the Provisional Constitution stipulates that "the regulations concerning[...] elections at the Federal Government level[...] shall be defined in special laws enacted by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament of Somalia."<sup id="cite_ref-FRSom2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRSom2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tenure">Tenure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Office of the Somali Parliament, sitting legislators are mandated to serve from 2016 to 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-Softsp_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Softsp-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Parliamentary term elapsed on 27 December 2020, with the election date yet to be announced.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memberships">Memberships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Federal Parliament of Somalia is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union" title="Inter-Parliamentary Union">Inter-Parliamentary Union</a> (IPU), the international organization of parliaments.<sup id="cite_ref-Ipu_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ipu-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 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q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ipu.org/content/somalia?chamber_id=13572">"Somalia"</a>. <i>Parline: the IPU’s Open Data Platform</i>. 5 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221119211303/https://data.ipu.org/content/somalia?chamber_id=13572">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parline%3A+the+IPU%E2%80%99s+Open+Data+Platform&rft.atitle=Somalia&rft.date=2018-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.ipu.org%2Fcontent%2Fsomalia%3Fchamber_id%3D13572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-somparlhist-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-somparlhist_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-somparlhist_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-somparlhist_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://senate.gov.so/historical-background/">"Historical Background"</a>. <i>Senate of Somalia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senate+of+Somalia&rft.atitle=Historical+Background&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsenate.gov.so%2Fhistorical-background%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aasratdocwau-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aasratdocwau_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2012" class="citation news cs1">Ahmed, Muddassar (8 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120809223608/http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html">"Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest"</a>. <i>Al Arabiya</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html">the original</a> on 9 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Somalia+rising+after+two+decades+of+civil+war+and+unrest&rft.date=2012-08-08&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Muddassar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fviews%2F2012%2F08%2F08%2F231008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sgcctac-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sgcctac_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Garowe_conference_comes_to_a_close.shtml">Somalia Garowe conference comes to a close</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612110303/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Garowe_conference_comes_to_a_close.shtml">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sgcc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sgcc_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2828/Second_Garowe_Conference_Concludes">Second Garowe Conference Concludes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141227005642/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2828/Second_Garowe_Conference_Concludes">Archived</a> 27 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aassladc-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aassladc_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.africanseer.com/general/203260-somalia-somali-leaders-adopt-draft-constitution.html">"Somalia: Somali Leaders Adopt Draft Constitution"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somalia%3A+Somali+Leaders+Adopt+Draft+Constitution&rft.pub=ANP%2FAFP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.africanseer.com%2Fgeneral%2F203260-somalia-somali-leaders-adopt-draft-constitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ajssihnp-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajssihnp_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/2012818183718864689.html">"Somalia swears in historic new parliament"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 20 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801112655/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/2012818183718864689.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Somalia+swears+in+historic+new+parliament&rft.date=2012-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fafrica%2F2012%2F08%2F2012818183718864689.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gsaacai-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gsaacai_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120807220919/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_adopts_a_constitution_amidst_insecurity.shtml">"Somalia adopts a constitution, amidst insecurity"</a>. <i>Garowe Online</i>. 1 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_adopts_a_constitution_amidst_insecurity.shtml">the original</a> on 7 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Garowe+Online&rft.atitle=Somalia+adopts+a+constitution%2C+amidst+insecurity&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garoweonline.com%2Fartman2%2Fpublish%2FSomalia_27%2FSomalia_adopts_a_constitution_amidst_insecurity.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xsnecwh-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Xsnecwh_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007224547/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm">"Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed"</a>. <i>Xinhua</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=Somalia%27s+newly-endorsed+constitution+widely+hailed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2Findepth%2F2012-08%2F02%2Fc_131757152.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19075685">"Somali leaders back new constitution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 1 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011154026/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19075685/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_List_of_new_parliamentarians_leaked.shtml">the original</a> on 22 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somalia%3A+List+of+new+parliamentarians+leaked&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garoweonline.com%2Fartman2%2Fpublish%2FSomalia_27%2FSomalia_List_of_new_parliamentarians_leaked.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gscewraagffp-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gscewraagffp_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gscewraagffp_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120818030509/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Committee_excludes_warlords_rebels_and_armed_groups_from_Federal_Parliament.shtml">"Somalia: Committee excludes warlords, rebels and armed groups from Federal Parliament"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Committee_excludes_warlords_rebels_and_armed_groups_from_Federal_Parliament.shtml">the original</a> on 18 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somalia%3A+Committee+excludes+warlords%2C+rebels+and+armed+groups+from+Federal+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garoweonline.com%2Fartman2%2Fpublish%2FSomalia_27%2FSomalia_Committee_excludes_warlords_rebels_and_armed_groups_from_Federal_Parliament.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fcacsunesinpshm-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fcacsunesinpshm_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fcacsunesinpshm_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html">"Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation</i>. 21 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327164504/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forum+on+China-Africa+Cooperation&rft.atitle=Somalia%3A+UN+Envoy+Says+Inauguration+of+New+Parliament+in+Somalia+%27Historic+Moment%27&rft.date=2012-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F201208220474.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unsom.unmissions.org/somalia-swears-283-members-parliament">"Somalia swears in 283 members of parliament"</a>. <i>UNSOM</i>. 27 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415143000/https://unsom.unmissions.org/somalia-swears-283-members-parliament">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=Election+of+New+Parliament+%27a+Milestone%27+in+Somalia%27s+Post-conflict+Transformation%2C+Special+Representative+Tells+Security+Council&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fsomalia%2Felection-new-parliament-milestone-somalia-s-post-conflict-transformation-special&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horn_Observer-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Horn_Observer_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hornobserver.com/articles/670/Dr-Uluso-Resignation-of-President-Farmajo-is-the-right-option-before-Somalia-falls-apart">"Resignation of President Farmajo is the right option before Somalia falls apart"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.so/index.php/so/styles-2/2015-04-02-08-44-17">the original</a> on 4 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tenth+Parliament+of+Somalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.gov.so%2Findex.php%2Fso%2Fstyles-2%2F2015-04-02-08-44-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fposc-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fposc_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141022140141/http://www.parliament.gov.so/index.php/en/committees">"Committees"</a>. Federal Parliament of Somalia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.so/index.php/en/committees">the original</a> on 22 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Committees&rft.pub=Federal+Parliament+of+Somalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.gov.so%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fcommittees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scmafmctwt-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scmafmctwt_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=11985">"Somali Cabinet Ministers agree financial management committee to work temporarily"</a>. Goobjoog. 19 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111223/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=11985">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Somali+Cabinet+Ministers+agree+financial+management+committee+to+work+temporarily&rft.date=2015-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoobjoog.com%2Fenglish%2F%3Fp%3D11985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FRSom2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FRSom2_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf">"The Federal Republic of Somalia – Provisional Constitution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Federal Government of Somalia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Federal+Republic+of+Somalia+%E2%80%93+Provisional+Constitution&rft.pub=Federal+Government+of+Somalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.somaliweyn.com%2Fpages%2Fnews%2FAug_12%2FSomalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somali-parliament-s-tenure-elapses-without-clear-future-plan">"Somali parliament's tenure elapses without clear future plan"</a>. Garowe. 28 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215135/https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somali-parliament-s-tenure-elapses-without-clear-future-plan">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somali+parliament%27s+tenure+elapses+without+clear+future+plan&rft.pub=Garowe&rft.date=2020-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.garoweonline.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fsomalia%2Fsomali-parliament-s-tenure-elapses-without-clear-future-plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ipu-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ipu_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2380.htm">"Somalia (House of the People)"</a>. Inter-Parliamentary Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131229013750/http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2380.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somalia+%28House+of+the+People%29&rft.pub=Inter-Parliamentary+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipu.org%2Fparline%2Freports%2F2380.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Parliament+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150202081932/http://www.parliament.gov.so/index.php/so/">Federal Parliament of Somalia – Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120926194338/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html">Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments – Somalia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2380.htm">Inter-Parliamentary Union – Somalia (House of the People)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Somalia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Somalia_topics" title="Template:Somalia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Somalia_topics" title="Template talk:Somalia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Somalia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Somalia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Somalia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Somalia-related_articles" title="Index of Somalia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Somalia" title="History of Somalia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laas_Geel" title="Laas Geel">Laas Geel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Punt" title="Land of Punt">Land of Punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walashma_dynasty" title="Walashma dynasty">Walashma dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adal_Sultanate" title="Adal Sultanate">Adal Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajuran_Sultanate" title="Ajuran Sultanate">Ajuran Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_the_Geledi" title="Sultanate of the Geledi">Sultanate of the Geledi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq_Sultanate" title="Isaaq Sultanate">Isaaq Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majeerteen_Sultanate" title="Majeerteen Sultanate">Majeerteen Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Hobyo" title="Sultanate of Hobyo">Sultanate of Hobyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsangali_Sultanate" title="Warsangali Sultanate">Warsangali Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dervish_movement_(Somali)" title="Dervish movement (Somali)">Dervish movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somaliland" title="Italian Somaliland">Italian Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_Somaliland" title="Trust Territory of Somaliland">Trust Territory of Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_War_of_Independence" title="Somaliland War of Independence">Somaliland War of Independence <span style="font-size:85%;">(1981–1991)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq_genocide" title="Isaaq genocide">Isaaq genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Rebellion <span style="font-size:85%;">(1986–1992)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somalia_War_(2006%E2%80%932009)" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalia War (2006–2009)"><span style="font-size:85%;">Ethiopian intervention (2006–2009)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–present)</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Somalia" title="Maritime history of Somalia">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Somalia" title="Military history of Somalia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Somalia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Somalia">Postal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia" title="Coat of arms of Somalia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Somalia" title="Geography of Somalia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Somalia" title="List of cities in Somalia">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Somalia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Somalia" title="Wildlife of Somalia">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Greater Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardafui_Channel" title="Guardafui Channel">Guardafui Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafun" title="Hafun">Hafun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Somalia" title="Category:Waterfalls of Somalia">Waterfalls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iskushuban" title="Iskushuban">Iskushuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamadaya" title="Lamadaya">Lamadaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Somalia" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Somalia">Mountain ranges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cal_Madow" title="Cal Madow">Cal Madow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buur_Dhaab" title="Buur Dhaab">Buur Dhaab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Somalia" title="Category:Mountains of Somalia">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Bahaya" title="Mount Bahaya">Bahaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Somalia" title="Category:Islands of Somalia">Island</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajuni_Islands" title="Bajuni Islands">Bajuni Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Somalia" title="Administrative divisions of Somalia">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awdal" title="Awdal">Awdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakool" title="Bakool">Bakool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banaadir" title="Banaadir">Banaadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bari,_Somalia" title="Bari, Somalia">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay,_Somalia" title="Bay, Somalia">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galguduud" title="Galguduud">Galguduud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedo" title="Gedo">Gedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sool" title="Sool">Sool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaag" title="Sanaag">Sanaag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiran,_Somalia" title="Hiran, Somalia">Hiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Juba" title="Middle Juba">Middle Juba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Juba" title="Lower Juba">Lower Juba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudug" title="Mudug">Mudug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nugal,_Somalia" title="Nugal, Somalia">Nugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Shebelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Shebelle">Middle Shebelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Shebelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Shebelle">Lower Shebelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togdheer" title="Togdheer">Togdheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woqooyi_Galbeed" class="mw-redirect" title="Woqooyi Galbeed">Woqooyi Galbeed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/States_and_regions_of_Somalia" title="States and regions of Somalia">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galmudug" title="Galmudug">Galmudug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatumo" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatumo">Khatumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirshabelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirshabelle">Hirshabelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubaland" title="Jubaland">Jubaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puntland" title="Puntland">Puntland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_State_of_Somalia" title="South West State of Somalia">South West Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Somalia" title="Politics of Somalia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Somalia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Somalia" title="Elections in Somalia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somalia" title="Foreign relations of Somalia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_Somalia" title="Federal Government of Somalia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Somalia" title="Human rights in Somalia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Somalia">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Somalia" title="Judiciary of Somalia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeer" title="Xeer">Law <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Xeer</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Armed_Forces" title="Somali Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_Somalia" title="Political history of Somalia">Political history</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Somalia" title="List of political parties in Somalia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Somalia" title="President of Somalia">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somalia" title="List of presidents of Somalia">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Somalia">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Somalia">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Somalia" title="Economy of Somalia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Somalia" title="Agriculture in Somalia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Somalia" title="Central Bank of Somalia">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Somalia" title="List of companies of Somalia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Somalia" title="Economic history of Somalia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Somalia" title="Exclusive economic zone of Somalia">EEZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Somalia" title="Mineral industry of Somalia">Mineral industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_exploration_in_Puntland" title="Oil exploration in Puntland">Oil industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_shilling" title="Somali shilling">Shilling <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Somalia" title="Communications in Somalia">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Somalia" title="Tourism in Somalia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Somalia" title="Transport in Somalia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Somalia" title="Category:Society of Somalia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qolobaa_Calankeed" title="Qolobaa Calankeed">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Somalia" title="Child marriage in Somalia">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia" title="Coat of arms of Somalia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Somalia" title="Demographics of Somalia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_diaspora" title="Somali diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Somalia" title="Education in Somalia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Somalia" title="Health in Somalia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Somalia" title="Mental health in Somalia">Mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Somalia" title="Flag of Somalia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Somalia" title="Polygamy in Somalia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Somalia" title="Public holidays in Somalia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Somalia" title="Women in Somalia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Somalia" title="Culture of Somalia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_architecture" title="Somali architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_art" title="Somali art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Somalia" title="Cinema of Somalia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Somalia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Somalia" title="Music of Somalia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Somalia" title="Sports in Somalia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Somalia" title="Languages of Somalia">Languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Somalia" title="Category:Somalia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Somalia" title="Portal:Somalia">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template talk:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament" title="Austrian Parliament">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Union" title="Congress of the Union">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Nepal" title="Federal Parliament of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(South_Sudan)" title="National Legislature (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(Sudan)" title="National Legislature (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Algeria" title="Parliament of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bahrain)" title="National Assembly (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Barbados" title="Parliament of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Belize)" title="National Assembly (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bhutan" title="Parliament of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Legislative_Assembly" title="Plurinational Legislative Assembly">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Burundi" title="Parliament of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cameroon" title="Parliament of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Parliament of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Congress of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Parliament of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Haiti)" title="National Assembly (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Parliament of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kenya" title="Parliament of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lesotho" title="Parliament of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Liberia" title="Legislature of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Madagascar" title="Parliament of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Morocco" title="Parliament of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyidaungsu_Hluttaw" title="Pyidaungsu Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Namibia" title="Parliament of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Oman" title="Council of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau_National_Congress" title="Palau National Congress">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paraguay" title="Congress of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rwanda" title="Parliament of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Parliament of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Assembly_(Tajikistan)" title="Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Thailand)" title="National Assembly (Thailand)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Turkmenistan" title="National Council of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Uruguay" title="General Assembly of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliy_Majlis" title="Oliy Majlis">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Zimbabwe" title="Parliament of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bermuda" title="Parliament of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Commonwealth_Legislature" title="Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Somaliland" title="Parliament of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Venezuela" title="Congress of Venezuela">Venezuela (1811-1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Congress" title="Confederate States Congress">Confederate States (1862–1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia (1920–1939)</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">(1969–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu#Division" title="Riigikogu">Estonia (1938–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Serbia#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of Serbia">Serbia (1901–1903)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union (1938–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Congress of the Republic of Texas">Texas (1836–1845)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Yugoslavia" title="Assembly of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia (1931–1939, 1945–1963, 1974–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro">FR Yugoslavia (1992–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire (1876–1878, 1908–1920)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National unicameral legislatures">National unicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses">National lower houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses">National upper houses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Legislatures_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_legislatures" title="Template:Africa legislatures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_legislatures" title="Template talk:Africa legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Legislatures_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislatures</a> in Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Algeria" title="Parliament of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Angola)" title="National Assembly (Angola)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Benin)" title="National Assembly (Benin)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Botswana" title="Parliament of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Burkina_Faso" title="National Assembly of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Burundi" title="Parliament of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cameroon" title="Parliament of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cape_Verde)" title="National Assembly (Cape Verde)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Parliament of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Chad)" title="National Assembly (Chad)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Union_of_the_Comoros" title="Assembly of the Union of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Djibouti)" title="National Assembly (Djibouti)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Parliament of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Eritrea)" title="National Assembly (Eritrea)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Gambia" title="National Assembly of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ghana" title="Parliament of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Guinea)" title="National Assembly (Guinea)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Assembly_(Guinea-Bissau)" title="National People's Assembly (Guinea-Bissau)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Parliament of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kenya" title="Parliament of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lesotho" title="Parliament of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Liberia" title="Legislature of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Madagascar" title="Parliament of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Malawi)" title="National Assembly (Malawi)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Mali)" title="National Assembly (Mali)">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_Parliament" title="Mauritanian Parliament">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Mauritius)" title="National Assembly (Mauritius)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Morocco" title="Parliament of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Mozambique)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Namibia" title="Parliament of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Niger)" title="National Assembly (Niger)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rwanda" title="Parliament of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe)" title="National Assembly (São Tomé and Príncipe)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Senegal)" title="National Assembly (Senegal)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Seychelles)" title="National Assembly (Seychelles)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Parliament of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(South_Sudan)" title="National Legislature (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(Sudan)" title="National Legislature (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Tanzania)" title="National Assembly (Tanzania)">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Togo)" title="National Assembly (Togo)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tunisia" title="Parliament of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Uganda" title="Parliament of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_National_Council" title="Sahrawi National Council">Western Sahara</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Zambia" title="National Assembly of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Zimbabwe" title="Parliament of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomies</a>,<br />other <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Parliament of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Ceuta" title="Assembly of Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Melilla" title="Assembly of Melilla">Melilla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Madeira" title="Legislative Assembly of Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_Mayotte" title="Departmental Council of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Regional Council of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Saint_Helena" title="Legislative Council of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island_Council" title="Ascension Island Council">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha_Island_Council" title="Tristan da Cunha Island Council">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Puntland" title="House of Representatives of Puntland">Puntland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Somaliland" title="Parliament of Somaliland">Somaliland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(disputed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_House_of_Representatives" title="Zanzibar House of Representatives">Zanzibar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tanzania)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate an <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">unrecognised or partially recognised state</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176597#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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