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margin-top:0; width:310px; max-width:400px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; font-size:120%; text-align:center;">Eigenschaften </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; color:#000000; text-align:center;"> <div id="table" style="position:relative;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="margin:auto; background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000; text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Wasserstoff (H), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helium (He), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Beryllium (Be), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Kohlenstoff (C), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Stickstoff (N), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Sauerstoff (O), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnesium (Mg), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminium (Al), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicium (Si), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Phosphor (P), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Schwefel" title="Schwefel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Schwefel (S), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Calcium (Ca), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titan (Ti), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Gallium (Ga), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanium (Ge), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Krypton (Kr), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Strontium (Sr), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indium (In), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinn" title="Zinn"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Zinn (Sn), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Tellur (Te), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Iod (I), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Xenon (Xe), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Caesium (Cs), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barium (Ba), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cer (Ce), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Thallium (Tl), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Blei (Pb), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bismut (Bi), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonium (Po), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radium (Ra), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Thorium (Th), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uran (U), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americium (Am), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Curium (Cm), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Californium (Cf), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid; border:2px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelium (No), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonium (Nh), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovium (Fl), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moscovium (Mc), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorium (Lv), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenness (Ts), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganesson (Og), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="text0" style="font-size:12px; position:absolute;background:#ffffff; top:5px; left:50%; margin-left:-125px;line-height:120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>] 5<a href="/wiki/F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>12</sup> 7<a href="/wiki/S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:45%; margin-left:20px;background:#ffffff;line-height:120%;"><span id="text2" style="font-size:10px; vertical-align: sub;">100</span><span id="text3" style="font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Fm</span></div> <div style="font-size:90%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; text-align:center;">Allgemein </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element#Sortierte_Liste_chemischer_Elemente" title="Chemisches Element">Name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Symbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">Fermium, Fm, 100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elementkategorie" title="Elementkategorie">Elementkategorie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">Gruppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems">Periode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Block_des_Periodensystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Block des Periodensystems">Block</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Ac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemische_Elemente_der_siebten_Periode" title="Chemische Elemente der siebten Periode">7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem#Block" title="Periodensystem">f</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a> </td> <td> <p><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?ref=7440-72-4">7440-72-4</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; text-align:center;">Atomar<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">257,0951 <a href="/wiki/Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a> (berechnet) </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">– (divalent: 198) <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronenkonfiguration" title="Elektronenkonfiguration">Elektronenkonfiguration</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>] 5<a href="/wiki/F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>12</sup> 7<a href="/wiki/S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1. <a href="/wiki/Ionisierungsenergie" title="Ionisierungsenergie">Ionisierungsenergie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r198372224">.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-1000::after{content:"."}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus>span,.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec>span{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus::after{content:"−"}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-fractpart{margin-right:0.2em}</style>6<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>50(7) <a href="/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-fermium_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-fermium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap">627 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-fermium_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-fermium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">12<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>4(4) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-fermium_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-fermium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">1</span>200 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-fermium_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-fermium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">23<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>2(4) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-fermium_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-fermium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">2</span>240 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-fermium_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-fermium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">39<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>3(4) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-fermium_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-fermium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">3</span>790 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-fermium_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-fermium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">55<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>0(1,9) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-fermium_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-fermium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">5</span>310 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-fermium_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-fermium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; text-align:center;">Physikalisch<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a> </td> <td>fest </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">(berechnet) 1125 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (ca. 852 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; text-align:center;">Chemisch<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationszustände</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">+2, +3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektrodenpotential#Normalpotential" title="Elektrodenpotential">Normalpotential</a> </td> <td>−1,96 V (Fm<sup>3+</sup> + 3 e<sup>−</sup> → Fm)<br />−2,37 V (Fm<sup>2+</sup> + 2 e<sup>−</sup> → Fm) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; text-align:center">Isotope </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" class="rahmenfarbe1" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#000000; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:solid; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotopenverh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Isotopenverhältnis">NH</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">t<sub>1/2</sub></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Zerfallsarten" title="Radioaktivität">ZA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zerfallsenergie" title="Zerfallsenergie">ZE</a> (M<a href="/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zerfallsprodukt_(Radioaktivit%C3%A4t)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerfallsprodukt (Radioaktivität)">ZP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>250</sup>Fm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">30 <a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (> 90 %) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><sup>247</sup>Cf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> (< 10 %) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><sup>251</sup>Es</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>251</sup>Fm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">5,3 <a href="/wiki/Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> (98,20 %) </td> <td>1,474 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><sup>251</sup>Es</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (1,80 %) </td> <td>7,425 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><sup>247</sup>Cf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>252</sup>Fm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">25,39 <a href="/wiki/Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (≈ 100 %) </td> <td>7,153 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><sup>248</sup>Cf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">SF</a> (0,0023 %) </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>253</sup>Fm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">3 <a href="/wiki/Tag" title="Tag">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> (88 %) </td> <td>0,333 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><sup>253</sup>Es</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (12 %) </td> <td>7,197 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><sup>249</sup>Cf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>254</sup>Fm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">3,24 <a href="/wiki/Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (≈ 100 %) </td> <td>7,037 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><sup>250</sup>Cf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">SF</a> (0,0592 %) </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>255</sup>Fm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">20,07 <a href="/wiki/Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (100 %) </td> <td>7,451 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><sup>251</sup>Cf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">SF</a> (2,4 · 10<sup>−5</sup> %) </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>256</sup>Fm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">157,6 <a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">SF</a> (91,9 %) </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (8,1 %) </td> <td>7,027 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><sup>252</sup>Cf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>257</sup>Fm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">100,5 <a href="/wiki/Tag" title="Tag">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (≈ 100 %) </td> <td>6,864 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><sup>253</sup>Cf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">SF</a> (0,210 %) </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>258</sup>Fm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>0,37 <a href="/wiki/Sekunden" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekunden">s</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">SF</a> (≈ 100 %) </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>259</sup>Fm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>1,5 <a href="/wiki/Sekunde" title="Sekunde">s</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">SF</a> (100 %) </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:WhiteSmoke; text-align:center">Weitere Isotope siehe <a href="/wiki/Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_91_bis_Ordnungszahl_100#100_Fermium" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 91 bis Ordnungszahl 100">Liste der Isotope</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; text-align:center;">Gefahren- und Sicherheitshinweise </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-top:7px; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:ISO_7010_W003.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radioaktiv"><img alt="Radioaktiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ISO_7010_W003.svg/60px-ISO_7010_W003.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ISO_7010_W003.svg/90px-ISO_7010_W003.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ISO_7010_W003.svg/120px-ISO_7010_W003.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="447" /></a></span><br /><span style="line-height:1.1em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Radioaktiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioaktiv">Radioaktiv</a></b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><br /><i>keine Einstufung verfügbar</i><sup id="cite_ref-NV_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NV-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center"><small>Soweit möglich und gebräuchlich, werden <a href="/wiki/Internationales_Einheitensystem" title="Internationales Einheitensystem">SI-Einheiten</a> verwendet. <br />Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="/wiki/Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a>.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> </p><p><b>Fermium</b> ist ein ausschließlich künstlich erzeugtes <a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">chemisches Element</a> mit dem <a href="/wiki/Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Elementsymbol</a> Fm und der <a href="/wiki/Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> 100. Im <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht es in der Gruppe der <a href="/wiki/Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Periode-7-Element" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode-7-Element">7. Periode</a>, <a href="/wiki/F-Block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Block">f-Block</a>) und zählt auch zu den <a href="/wiki/Transurane" title="Transurane">Transuranen</a>. Fermium ist ein radioaktives <a href="/wiki/Metall" class="mw-redirect" title="Metall">Metall</a>, das aber aufgrund der geringen zur Verfügung stehenden Mengen bisher nicht als Metall <a href="/wiki/Darstellung_(Chemie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Darstellung (Chemie)">dargestellt</a> wurde. Es wurde 1952 nach dem Test der ersten amerikanischen <a href="/wiki/Wasserstoffbombe" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasserstoffbombe">Wasserstoffbombe</a> entdeckt und zu Ehren des Physikers <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> benannt, der jedoch an der Entdeckung von bzw. Forschung an Fermium persönlich nicht beteiligt war. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Geschichte"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Geschichte</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Isotope"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Isotope</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Fermiumbarriere"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Fermiumbarriere</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Gewinnung"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Gewinnung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Eigenschaften"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Eigenschaften</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Physikalische_Eigenschaften"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Physikalische Eigenschaften</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Chemische_Eigenschaften"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Chemische Eigenschaften</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Sicherheitshinweise"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sicherheitshinweise</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Verwendung"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Verwendung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Geschichte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Geschichte"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Ivy_Mike_-_mushroom_cloud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ivy_Mike_-_mushroom_cloud.jpg/220px-Ivy_Mike_-_mushroom_cloud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ivy_Mike_-_mushroom_cloud.jpg/330px-Ivy_Mike_-_mushroom_cloud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ivy_Mike_-_mushroom_cloud.jpg/440px-Ivy_Mike_-_mushroom_cloud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Fermium wurde nach der Explosion von <a href="/wiki/Ivy_Mike" title="Ivy Mike">Ivy Mike</a> entdeckt.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Elutionskurven_Fm_Es_Cf_Bk_Cm_Am.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Elutionskurven_Fm_Es_Cf_Bk_Cm_Am.png/220px-Elutionskurven_Fm_Es_Cf_Bk_Cm_Am.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Elutionskurven_Fm_Es_Cf_Bk_Cm_Am.png/330px-Elutionskurven_Fm_Es_Cf_Bk_Cm_Am.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Elutionskurven_Fm_Es_Cf_Bk_Cm_Am.png/440px-Elutionskurven_Fm_Es_Cf_Bk_Cm_Am.png 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elutionskurve" class="mw-redirect" title="Elutionskurve">Elutionskurven</a>:<br />chromatographische Trennung von Fm (100), Es (99), Cf, Bk, Cm, Am.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/170px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/255px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/340px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="2927" /></a><figcaption>Namensgeber <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> in den 1940er-Jahren</figcaption></figure> <p>Fermium wurde zusammen mit <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> nach dem Test der ersten amerikanischen Wasserstoffbombe, <a href="/wiki/Ivy_Mike" title="Ivy Mike">Ivy Mike</a>, am 1. November 1952 auf dem <a href="/wiki/Eniwetok" title="Eniwetok">Eniwetok-Atoll</a> gefunden. Erste Proben erhielt man auf Filterpapieren, die man beim Durchfliegen durch die Explosionswolke mitführte. Größere Mengen isolierte man später aus Korallen. Aus Gründen der militärischen Geheimhaltung wurden die Ergebnisse zunächst nicht publiziert.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eine erste Untersuchung der Explosionsüberreste hatte die Entstehung eines neuen <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutoniumisotops</a> <sup>244</sup>Pu aufgezeigt, dies konnte nur durch die Aufnahme von sechs <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutronen</a> durch einen <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a>-238-Kern und zwei folgende <a href="/wiki/Beta-Zerfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Zerfall">β-Zerfälle</a> entstanden sein. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-2\ \beta ^{-}}]{+6\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 94}^{244}Pu} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>92</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>238</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>94</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>244</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-2\ \beta ^{-}}]{+6\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 94}^{244}Pu} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/279a70858ab59fe84cd0ece8a795694f70859aa4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.391ex; margin-top: -0.346ex; margin-bottom: -0.614ex; width:18.724ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-2\ \beta ^{-}}]{+6\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 94}^{244}Pu} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Zu der Zeit nahm man an, dass die Absorption von Neutronen durch einen schweren Kern ein seltener Vorgang sei. Die Identifizierung von <sup>244</sup>Pu ließ jedoch den Schluss zu, dass Urankerne viele Neutronen einfangen können, was zu neuen Elementen führt.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Bildung gelang durch fortgesetzten <a href="/wiki/Neutroneneinfang" title="Neutroneneinfang">Neutroneneinfang</a>: Im Moment der Detonation war die <a href="/wiki/Neutronenflussdichte" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutronenflussdichte">Neutronenflussdichte</a> so hoch, dass die meisten der zwischenzeitlich gebildeten – radioaktiven – Atomkerne bis zum jeweils nächsten Neutroneneinfang noch nicht zerfallen waren. Bei sehr hohem Neutronenfluss steigt also die <a href="/wiki/Massenzahl" title="Massenzahl">Massenzahl</a> stark an, ohne dass sich die <a href="/wiki/Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> ändert. Erst anschließend zerfallen die entstandenen instabilen <a href="/wiki/Nuklid" title="Nuklid">Nuklide</a> über viele β-Zerfälle zu stabilen oder instabilen Nukliden mit hoher Ordnungszahl: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-8\ \beta ^{-}}]{+15,\ 16,\ 17\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 100}^{253,\ 254,\ 255}Fm} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>92</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>238</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>16</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>17</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>253</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>254</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>255</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-8\ \beta ^{-}}]{+15,\ 16,\ 17\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 100}^{253,\ 254,\ 255}Fm} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a4a1c2f45e18c533a701fb0ad511508da76719b4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.391ex; margin-top: -0.346ex; margin-bottom: -0.614ex; width:32.496ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-8\ \beta ^{-}}]{+15,\ 16,\ 17\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 100}^{253,\ 254,\ 255}Fm} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Die Entdeckung von Fermium (<i>Z</i> = 100) erforderte mehr Material, da man davon ausging, dass die Ausbeute mindestens eine <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fenordnung" title="Größenordnung">Größenordnung</a> niedriger als die von Element 99 sein würde. Daher wurden kontaminierte Korallen aus dem Eniwetok-Atoll (wo der Test stattgefunden hatte) zum <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Radiation_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California Radiation Laboratory">University of California Radiation Laboratory</a> in Berkeley, Kalifornien, zur Verarbeitung und Analyse gebracht. Die Trennung der gelösten Actinoid-Ionen erfolgte in Gegenwart eines <a href="/wiki/Citronens%C3%A4ure" title="Citronensäure">Citronensäure</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ammoniumcitrat" title="Ammoniumcitrat">Ammoniumcitrat</a>-Puffers im schwach sauren Medium (<a href="/wiki/PH-Wert" title="PH-Wert">pH</a> ≈ 3,5) mit <a href="/wiki/Ionenaustauscher" title="Ionenaustauscher">Ionenaustauschern</a> bei erhöhter Temperatur. Etwa zwei Monate später wurde eine neue Komponente isoliert, ein hochenergetischer <a href="/wiki/Alpha-Zerfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Zerfall">α-Strahler</a> (7,1 MeV) mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa einem Tag. Mit einer derart kurzen Halbwertszeit konnte es nur aus dem β-Zerfall eines Einsteiniumisotops entstehen, und so musste ein Isotop des Elements 100 das neue sein: Es wurde schnell als <sup>255</sup>Fm identifiziert (t<sub>½</sub> = 20,07 Stunden).<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Im September 1953 war noch nicht abzusehen, wann die Ergebnisse der Teams in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne</a> und <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos</a> veröffentlicht werden könnten. Man entschied sich dazu, die neuen Elemente durch Beschussexperimente herzustellen; gleichzeitig versicherte man sich, dass diese Ergebnisse nicht unter Geheimhaltung fallen würden und somit veröffentlicht werden konnten.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Einsteiniumisotope wurden kurz danach am <i>University of California Radiation Laboratory</i> durch Beschuss von Uran (<sup>238</sup>U) mit Stickstoff (<sup>14</sup>N) hergestellt. Dabei merkte man an, dass es Forschungen zu diesem Element gab, die bislang noch unter Geheimhaltung standen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isotope der beiden neu entdeckten Elemente wurden durch Bestrahlung des Plutoniumisotops <sup>239</sup>Pu erzeugt, die Ergebnisse wurden in fünf kurz aufeinander folgenden Publikationen veröffentlicht.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die letzten Reaktionen ausgehend von <a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Californium</a> sind: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{252}_{\ 98}Cf\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 99}^{254}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{100}^{254}Fm} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>98</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>252</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>98</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>253</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>17</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>81</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>99</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>253</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>99</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>254</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>254</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{252}_{\ 98}Cf\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 99}^{254}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{100}^{254}Fm} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2dcf5875c42aad904ed8c8a397de8fc552cf5f71" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.112ex; margin-top: -0.415ex; margin-bottom: -0.559ex; width:51.443ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{252}_{\ 98}Cf\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 99}^{254}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{100}^{254}Fm} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Das Team in Berkeley war zudem besorgt, dass eine andere Forschergruppe die leichteren Isotope des Elements 100 durch Ionenbeschuss entdecken und veröffentlichen könnte, bevor sie ihre unter Geheimhaltung stehende Forschung hätten veröffentlichen können.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denn im ausgehenden Jahr 1953 sowie zu Anfang des Jahres 1954 beschoss eine Arbeitsgruppe des Nobel-Instituts für Physik in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> Urankerne mit Sauerstoffkernen; es bildete sich das Isotop mit der Massenzahl 250 des Elements 100 (<sup>250</sup>Fm).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die zweifelsfreie Identifizierung konnte anhand der charakteristischen Energie des beim Zerfall ausgesandten <a href="/wiki/Alpha-Teilchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Teilchen">α-Teilchens</a> erlangt werden. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ +\ _{\ 8}^{16}O\ \longrightarrow \ _{100}^{250}Fm\ +\ 4\ _{0}^{1}n} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>92</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>238</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>16</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>250</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>4</mn> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ +\ _{\ 8}^{16}O\ \longrightarrow \ _{100}^{250}Fm\ +\ 4\ _{0}^{1}n} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1678999e82bce78d45b0155aede165970cabf0c5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:32.628ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ +\ _{\ 8}^{16}O\ \longrightarrow \ _{100}^{250}Fm\ +\ 4\ _{0}^{1}n} }"></span>     <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {(_{100}^{250}Fm\ \longrightarrow \ _{\ 98}^{246}Cf\ +\ _{2}^{4}He)} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>250</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>98</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>246</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {(_{100}^{250}Fm\ \longrightarrow \ _{\ 98}^{246}Cf\ +\ _{2}^{4}He)} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d06ee90fe8314acb0de54a3c1977bfc3a42403d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:27.291ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {(_{100}^{250}Fm\ \longrightarrow \ _{\ 98}^{246}Cf\ +\ _{2}^{4}He)} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Das Team in Berkeley veröffentlichte schon einige Ergebnisse der chemischen Eigenschaften beider Elemente.<sup id="cite_ref-Properties_1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Properties_1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Properties_2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Properties_2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schließlich wurden die Ergebnisse der thermonuklearen Explosion im Jahr 1955 freigegeben und anschließend publiziert.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_FM_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_FM-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Letztlich war die Priorität des Berkeley-Teams allgemein anerkannt, da ihre fünf Publikationen der schwedischen Publikation vorausgingen und sie sich auf die zuvor noch geheimen Ergebnisse der thermonuklearen Explosion von 1952 stützen konnten. Damit war das Vorrecht verbunden, den neuen Elementen den Namen zu geben. Sie entschieden sich, diese fortan nach berühmten, bereits verstorbenen Wissenschaftlern zu benennen. Man war sich schnell einig, die Namen zu Ehren von <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> und <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> zu vergeben, die beide erst vor kurzem verstorben waren:<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> „We suggest for the name for the element with the atomic number 99, einsteinium (symbol E) after Albert Einstein and for the name for the element with atomic number 100, fermium (symbol Fm), after Enrico Fermi.“<sup id="cite_ref-ES_FM_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_FM-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Bekanntgabe für die beiden neu entdeckten Elemente <i>Einsteinium</i> und <i>Fermium</i> erfolgte durch <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ghiorso" title="Albert Ghiorso">Albert Ghiorso</a> auf der <a href="/wiki/Genfer_Atomkonferenz" title="Genfer Atomkonferenz">1. Genfer Atomkonferenz</a>, die vom 8. bis 20. August 1955 stattfand.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotope">Isotope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Isotope" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Isotope"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sämtliche bisher bekannten 19 Nuklide und 3 <a href="/wiki/Kernisomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernisomer">Kernisomere</a> sind radioaktiv und instabil.<sup id="cite_ref-knk_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knk-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die bekannten Massenzahlen reichen von 242 bis 260. Die mit Abstand längste Halbwertszeit hat das Isotop <sup>257</sup>Fm mit 100,5 Tagen, so dass es auf der Erde keine natürlichen Vorkommen mehr geben kann. <sup>253</sup>Fm hat eine Halbwertszeit von 3 Tagen, <sup>251</sup>Fm von 5,3 h, <sup>252</sup>Fm von 25,4 h, <sup>254</sup>Fm von 3,2 h, <sup>255</sup>Fm von 20,1 h und <sup>256</sup>Fm von 2,6 h. Alle übrigen haben Halbwertszeiten von 30 Minuten bis unterhalb einer Millisekunde.<sup id="cite_ref-nubase_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nubase-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nimmt man den Zerfall des langlebigsten Isotops <sup>257</sup>Fm heraus, so entsteht durch α-Zerfall zunächst das <sup>253</sup>Cf, das seinerseits durch β-Zerfall in <sup>253</sup>Es übergeht. Der weitere Zerfall führt dann über <sup>249</sup>Bk, <sup>249</sup>Cf, <sup>245</sup>Cm, <sup>243</sup>Am, <sup>241</sup>Pu, <sup>241</sup>Am zum <sup>237</sup>Np, dem Beginn der <a href="/wiki/Neptunium-Reihe" title="Neptunium-Reihe">Neptunium-Reihe</a> (4 n + 1). </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{257}_{100}Fm\ {\xrightarrow[{100,5\ d}]{\alpha }}\ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{20,47\ d}]{\alpha }}\ _{\ 97}^{249}Bk\rightarrow \ ...\rightarrow \ _{\ 93}^{237}Np} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>257</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>100</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi>α</mi> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>98</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>253</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>17</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>81</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>99</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>253</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>20</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>47</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi>α</mi> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>97</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>249</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>93</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>237</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{257}_{100}Fm\ {\xrightarrow[{100,5\ d}]{\alpha }}\ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{20,47\ d}]{\alpha }}\ _{\ 97}^{249}Bk\rightarrow \ ...\rightarrow \ _{\ 93}^{237}Np} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0976bf22416778cd427bb5b7cf5b80a38f25162b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.112ex; margin-top: -0.415ex; margin-bottom: -0.559ex; width:61.916ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{257}_{100}Fm\ {\xrightarrow[{100,5\ d}]{\alpha }}\ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{20,47\ d}]{\alpha }}\ _{\ 97}^{249}Bk\rightarrow \ ...\rightarrow \ _{\ 93}^{237}Np} }"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><small>Die angegebenen Zeiten sind Halbwertszeiten.</small></dd></dl> <dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Fermium-257_Zerfall_bis_zur_Neptunium-Reihe.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fermium-257_Zerfall_bis_zur_Neptunium-Reihe.gif/500px-Fermium-257_Zerfall_bis_zur_Neptunium-Reihe.gif" decoding="async" width="500" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fermium-257_Zerfall_bis_zur_Neptunium-Reihe.gif/750px-Fermium-257_Zerfall_bis_zur_Neptunium-Reihe.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fermium-257_Zerfall_bis_zur_Neptunium-Reihe.gif/1000px-Fermium-257_Zerfall_bis_zur_Neptunium-Reihe.gif 2x" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="1235" /></a><figcaption>Der Zerfall von Fermium-257 bis zur <a href="/wiki/Neptunium-Reihe" title="Neptunium-Reihe">Neptunium-Reihe</a>.</figcaption></figure></dd></dl> <div class="sieheauch" role="navigation" style="font-style:italic;"><span class="sieheauch-text">Siehe auch</span>: <a href="/wiki/Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_91_bis_Ordnungszahl_100#100_Fermium" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 91 bis Ordnungszahl 100">Liste der Fermiumisotope</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fermiumbarriere">Fermiumbarriere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Fermiumbarriere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Fermiumbarriere"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Als <i>Fermiumbarriere</i> bezeichnet man den Umstand, dass die Fermiumisotope <sup>258</sup>Fm, <sup>259</sup>Fm und <sup>260</sup>Fm zum Teil schon nach Bruchteilen von Sekunden durch <a href="/wiki/Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">Spontanspaltung</a> zerfallen (t<sub>½</sub> = 370 <a href="/wiki/Mikrosekunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikrosekunde">µs</a>, 1,5 s bzw. 4 ms). <sup>257</sup>Fm ist ein α-Strahler und zerfällt zu <sup>253</sup>Cf. Zudem zeigt keines der bislang bekannten Fermiumisotope β-Zerfälle, was die Bildung von <a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> durch Zerfall aus Fermium verhindert.<sup id="cite_ref-nubase_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nubase-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese Tatsachen vereiteln praktisch jede Bemühung, mit Hilfe von Neutronenstrahlung, zum Beispiel mit Hilfe eines Kernreaktors, Elemente mit Ordnungszahlen über 100 bzw. Massenzahlen größer als 257 zu erzeugen. Fermium ist somit das letzte Element, das durch Neutroneneinfang hergestellt werden kann.<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeder Versuch, weitere Neutronen zu einem Fermium-Kern hinzuzufügen, führt zu einer Spontanspaltung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung">Gewinnung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Gewinnung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Gewinnung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fermium wird durch Beschuss von leichteren Actinoiden mit Neutronen in einem Kernreaktor erzeugt. Die Hauptquelle ist der 85 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" title="Megawatt">MW</a> High-Flux-Isotope Reactor am <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> in Tennessee, USA, der auf die Herstellung von Transcuriumelementen (Z > 96) eingerichtet ist.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Oak Ridge sind größere Mengen an <a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Curium</a> bestrahlt worden, um <a href="/wiki/Dezigramm" class="mw-redirect" title="Dezigramm">Dezigramm</a>-Mengen an <a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Californium</a>, Milligramm-Mengen an <a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> und Einsteinium sowie <a href="/wiki/Pikogramm" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikogramm">Pikogramm</a>-Mengen an Fermium zu erzeugen.<sup id="cite_ref-TEVA_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEVA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanogramm- und Mikrogramm-Mengen von Fermium können für bestimmte Experimente vorbereitet werden.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Mengen an Fermium, die in thermonuklearen Explosionen von 20 bis 200 Kilotonnen entstehen, bewegen sich vermutlich in der Größenordnung von einigen Milligramm, obwohl es mit einer riesigen Menge von Explosionsresten gemischt ist; 40 Pikogramm <sup>257</sup>Fm wurden aus 10 Kilogramm der Explosionsreste aus dem <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mandrel" title="Operation Mandrel">Hutch-Test</a> vom 16. Juli 1969 isoliert.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nach der Bestrahlung muss Fermium von den anderen Actinoiden und den Lanthanoid-Spaltprodukten getrennt werden. Dies wird üblicherweise durch <a href="/wiki/Ionenaustausch" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionenaustausch">Ionenaustauschchromatographie</a> erreicht, das Standardverfahren läuft mit Kationenaustauschern wie Dowex 50 oder T<small>EVA</small>, man eluiert mit einer Lösung von <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonium-%CE%B1-hydroxyisobutters%C3%A4uremethylester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ammonium-α-hydroxyisobuttersäuremethylester (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Ammonium-α-hydroxyisobuttersäuremethylester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TEVA_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEVA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kleinere Kationen bilden stabilere Komplexe mit den α-Hydroxyisobuttersäuremethylester-Anionen, daher werden sie bevorzugt von der Säule eluiert.<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eine schnelle <a href="/wiki/Fraktionierte_Kristallisation_(Chemie)" title="Fraktionierte Kristallisation (Chemie)">fraktionierte Kristallisationsmethode</a> wurde ebenfalls beschrieben.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obwohl das stabilste Isotop des Fermiums das <sup>257</sup>Fm mit einer Halbwertszeit von 100,5 Tagen ist, basieren die meisten Studien auf <sup>255</sup>Fm (t<sub>½</sub> = 20,07 Stunden). Dieses Isotop kann leicht isoliert werden, es ist ein Zerfallsprodukt des <sup>255</sup>Es (t<sub>½</sub> = 39,8 Tage).<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geringe Mengen an Einsteinium und Fermium wurden aus <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> isoliert und abgetrennt, welches mit Neutronen bestrahlt wurde. Vier Einsteiniumisotope wurden gefunden (mit Angabe der damals gemessenen Halbwertszeiten): <sup>253</sup>Es (α-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub> = 20,03 Tage, sowie mit einer Spontanspaltungs-Halbwertszeit von 7 · 10<sup>5</sup> Jahren); <sup>254<i>m</i></sup>Es (β-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub> = 38,5 Stunden), <sup>254</sup>Es (α-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub> = ∼ 320 Tage) und <sup>255</sup>Es (β-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub> = 24 Tage). Zwei Fermiumisotope wurden gefunden: <sup>254</sup>Fm (α-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub> = 3,24 Stunden, sowie mit einer Spontanspaltungs-Halbwertszeit von 246 Tagen) und <sup>255</sup>Fm (α-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub> = 21,5 Stunden).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durch Beschuss von Uran mit fünffach ionisierten Stickstoff- und sechsfach ionisierten Sauerstoffatomen wurden gleichfalls Einsteinium- und Fermiumisotope erzeugt.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Eigenschaften" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Eigenschaften"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Fermium-Ytterbium_Alloy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Fermium-Ytterbium_Alloy.jpg/220px-Fermium-Ytterbium_Alloy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fermium-Ytterbium_Alloy.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption>Fermium-Ytterbium-Legierung</figcaption></figure> <p>Im <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht das Fermium mit der Ordnungszahl 100 in der Reihe der Actinoide, sein Vorgänger ist das Einsteinium, das nachfolgende Element ist das <a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a>. Sein <a href="/wiki/Analogon_(Chemie)" title="Analogon (Chemie)">Analogon</a> in der Reihe der <a href="/wiki/Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a> ist das <a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physikalische_Eigenschaften">Physikalische Eigenschaften</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Physikalische Eigenschaften" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Physikalische Eigenschaften"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Das Metall wurde bislang nicht dargestellt, hingegen erfolgten Messungen an <a href="/wiki/Legierung" title="Legierung">Legierungen</a> mit <a href="/wiki/Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoiden</a>, ferner liegen einige Berechnungen oder Vorhersagen vor. Die <a href="/wiki/Sublimationsenthalpie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublimationsenthalpie">Sublimationsenthalpie</a> ist direkt mit der <a href="/wiki/Valenzelektron" title="Valenzelektron">Valenzelektronenstruktur</a> des Metalls verbunden. Die Sublimationsenthalpie von Fermium wurde direkt durch Messung des <a href="/wiki/Partialdruck" title="Partialdruck">Partialdrucks</a> des Fermiums über Fm-<a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a>- und Fm/Es-<a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a>-Legierungen im Temperaturbereich von 642 bis 905 K bestimmt. Sie gelangten zu einem Wert von 142(13) kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. Da die Sublimationsenthalpie von Fermium ähnlich ist zu denen des zweiwertigen Einsteinium, Europium und Ytterbium, wurde der Schluss gezogen, dass Fermium einen zweiwertigen metallischen Zustand besitzt. Vergleiche mit Radien und Schmelzpunkten von Europium-, Ytterbium- und Einsteinium-Metall führten zu geschätzten Werten von 198 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a> und 1125 K für Fermium.<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Das <a href="/wiki/Normalpotential" class="mw-redirect" title="Normalpotential">Normalpotential</a> wurde als ähnlich zum <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>2+</sup>-Paar eingeschätzt, also etwa −1,15 V in Bezug auf die <a href="/wiki/Standard-Wasserstoffelektrode" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard-Wasserstoffelektrode">Standard-Wasserstoffelektrode</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ein Wert, der mit theoretischen Berechnungen übereinstimmt.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auf der Grundlage <a href="/wiki/Polarographie" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarographie">polarographischer</a> Messungen wurde für das Fm<sup>2+</sup>/Fm<sup>0</sup>-Paar ein Normalpotential von −2,37 V festgestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-FM_2plus_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FM_2plus-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fm<sup>3+</sup> kann relativ leicht zu Fm<sup>2+</sup> reduziert werden,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> z. B. mit <a href="/wiki/Samarium(II)-chlorid" title="Samarium(II)-chlorid">Samarium(II)-chlorid</a>, mit dem Fermium zusammen ausfällt.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemische_Eigenschaften">Chemische Eigenschaften</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Chemische Eigenschaften" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Chemische Eigenschaften"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Chemie des Fermiums konnte bisher nur in Lösung mit Hilfe von <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tracertechnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tracertechnik (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Tracertechniken</a> untersucht werden, feste Verbindungen wurden nicht hergestellt. Unter normalen Bedingungen liegt Fermium in Lösung als Fm<sup>3+</sup>-Ion vor, welches eine <a href="/wiki/Hydratation" title="Hydratation">Hydratationszahl</a> von 16,9 besitzt und eine <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4urekonstante" title="Säurekonstante">Säurekonstante</a> von 1,6 · 10<sup>−4</sup> (pK<sub>s</sub> = 3,8).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fm<sup>3+</sup> bildet Komplexe mit einer Vielzahl von organischen Liganden mit harten Donoratomen wie Sauerstoff; und diese Komplexe sind in der Regel stabiler als die der vorhergehenden Actinoide.<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es bildet auch anionische Komplexe mit Liganden wie Chlorid oder Nitrat; und auch diese Komplexe scheinen stabiler zu sein als die von Einsteinium oder Californium.<sup id="cite_ref-Properties_1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Properties_1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Properties_2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Properties_2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wird angenommen, dass die Bindung in den Komplexen der höheren Actinoide meist ionischen Charakter hat: das Fm<sup>3+</sup>-Ion ist erwartungsgemäß kleiner als die vorhergehenden An<sup>3+</sup>-Ionen – aufgrund der höheren effektiven Kernladung von Fermium –; und damit würde Fermium voraussichtlich kürzere und stärkere Metall-Ligand-Bindungen bilden.<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sicherheitshinweise">Sicherheitshinweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sicherheitshinweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sicherheitshinweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Einstufungen nach der <a href="/wiki/Verordnung_(EG)_Nr._1272/2008_(CLP)" title="Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1272/2008 (CLP)">CLP-Verordnung</a> liegen nicht vor, weil diese nur die chemische Gefährlichkeit umfassen und eine völlig untergeordnete Rolle gegenüber den auf der <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivit%C3%A4t" title="Radioaktivität">Radioaktivität</a> beruhenden Gefahren spielen. Auch Letzteres gilt nur, wenn es sich um eine dafür relevante Stoffmenge handelt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verwendung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Verwendung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fermium wird – in Form seiner Verbindungen in Lösung – in erster Linie in geringen Mengen zu Studienzwecken gewonnen. Verbindungen des Fermiums wurden in fester Form bislang nicht dargestellt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Robert J. Silva: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Fm%20to%20Lr.pdf"><i>Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium</i></a>, in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Hrsg.): <i>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</i>, Springer, Dordrecht 2006; <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/1402035551" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4020-3555-1</a>, S. 1621–1651 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_13" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5 13">doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_13</a>).</li> <li>Glenn T. Seaborg (Hrsg.): <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/92g2p7cd.pdf">Proceedings of the 'Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Elements 99 and 100'</a></i>, 23. Januar 1978; Report LBL-7701, April 1979.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gmelins_Handbuch_der_anorganischen_Chemie" title="Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie">Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie</a></i>, System Nr. 71, Transurane: Teil A 1 II, S. 19–20; Teil A 2, S. 47; Teil B 1, S. 84.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fermium?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Fermium</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/24px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/32px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Fermium" class="extiw" title="wikt:Fermium">Wiktionary: Fermium</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div> <ul><li>Eintrag zu <i>Fermium</i>. In: <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6mpp_Lexikon_Chemie#Römpp_Online" title="Römpp Lexikon Chemie">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 3. Januar 2015.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li> <li>Albert Ghiorso: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubsapp.acs.org/cen/80th/einsteiniumfermium.html"><i>Einsteinium and Fermium</i></a>, Chemical & Engineering News, 2003.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Werte der atomaren und physikalischen Eigenschaften (Infobox) sind, wenn nicht anders angegeben, entnommen aus: Robert J. Silva: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r246413598">.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento{color:var(--color-base,#202122)!important}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100717155410/http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Fm%20to%20Lr.pdf"><i>Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Web-Archivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Web-Archivierung"><span class="webarchiv-memento">Memento</span></a> vom 17. Juli 2010 im <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>), in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Hrsg.): <i>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</i>, Springer, Dordrecht 2006, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/1402035551" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4020-3555-1</a>, S. 1621–1651.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST-ASD-fermium-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-fermium_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-fermium_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-fermium_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-fermium_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-fermium_2-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=fermium&units=1&e_out=0&unc_out=1&at_num_out=1&el_name_out=1&ion_charge_out=1&biblio=1"><i>fermium</i></a> in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): <cite style="font-style:italic">NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1)</cite>. Hrsg.: <a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a>, Gaithersburg, MD. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F">10.18434/T4W30F</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/asd">physics.nist.gov/asd</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Fermium&rft.au=Kramida%2C+A.%2C+Ralchenko%2C+...&rft.btitle=NIST+Atomic+Spectra+Database+%28ver.+5.7.1%29&rft.doi=10.18434%2FT4W30F&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span> Abgerufen am 13. Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webelements-fermium-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-fermium_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-fermium_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-fermium_3-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-fermium_3-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-fermium_3-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/fermium/atoms.html"><i>fermium</i></a> bei <i>WebElements, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com">www.webelements.com</a></i>, abgerufen am 13. Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NV-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NV_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die von der Radioaktivität ausgehenden Gefahren gehören nicht zu den einzustufenden Eigenschaften nach der GHS-Kennzeichnung. In Bezug auf weitere Gefahren wurde dieses Element entweder noch nicht eingestuft oder eine verlässliche und zitierfähige Quelle hierzu wurde noch nicht gefunden. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-7">h</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> Albert Ghiorso: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/einsteiniumfermium.html"><i>Einsteinium and Fermium</i></a>, Chemical & Engineering News, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Ghiorso" title="Albert Ghiorso">Albert Ghiorso</a>, G. Bernard Rossi, Bernard G. Harvey, Stanley G. Thompson: <i>Reactions of U<sup>238</sup> with Cyclotron-Produced Nitrogen Ions</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>93</i> (1), S. 257–257 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.257" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.257">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.257</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. G. Thompson, A. Ghiorso, B. G. Harvey, G. R. Choppin: <i>Transcurium Isotopes Produced in the Neutron Irradiation of Plutonium</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>93</i> (4), S. 908–908 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.908" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.908">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.908</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. G. Harvey, S. G. Thompson, A. Ghiorso, G. R. Choppin: <i>Further Production of Transcurium Nuclides by Neutron Irradiation</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>93</i> (5), S. 1129–1129 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.1129" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.1129">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.1129</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. H. Studier, P. R. Fields, H. Diamond, J. F. Mech, A. M. Friedman, P. A. Sellers, G. Pyle, C. M. Stevens, L. B. Magnusson, J. R. Huizenga: <i>Elements 99 and 100 from Pile-Irradiated Plutonium</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>93</i> (6), S. 1428–1428 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.1428" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.1428">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.1428</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. R. Fields, M. H. Studier, J. F. Mech, H. Diamond, A. M. Friedman, L. B. Magnusson, J. R. Huizenga: <i>Additional Properties of Isotopes of Elements 99 and 100</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>94</i> (1), S. 209–210 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.94.209" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.94.209">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.94.209</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. R. Choppin, S. G. Thompson, A. Ghiorso, B. G. Harvey: <i>Nuclear Properties of Some Isotopes of Californium, Elements 99 and 100</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>94</i> (4), S. 1080–1081 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.94.1080" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.94.1080">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.94.1080</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugo Atterling, Wilhelm Forsling, Lennart W. Holm, Lars Melander, Björn Åström: <i>Element 100 Produced by Means of Cyclotron-Accelerated Oxygen Ions</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>95</i> (2), S. 585–586 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.95.585.2" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.585.2">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.585.2</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Properties_1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Properties_1_13-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Properties_1_13-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/G._T._Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="G. T. Seaborg">G. T. Seaborg</a>, S. G. Thompson, B. G. Harvey, G. R. Choppin: <i>Chemical Properties of Elements 99 and 100</i>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4405197">Abstract</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/4405197/4405197.pdf">Maschinoskript (23. Juli 1954), Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, UCRL-2591 (Rev.)</a> (PDF; 1,5 MB).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Properties_2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Properties_2_14-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Properties_2_14-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">S. G. Thompson, B. G. Harvey, G. R. Choppin, G. T. Seaborg: <i>Chemical Properties of Elements 99 and 100</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/J._Am._Chem._Soc." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Am. Chem. Soc.">J. Am. Chem. Soc.</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>76</i> (24), S. 6229–6236 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1021/ja01653a004" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1021/ja01653a004">doi:10.1021/ja01653a004</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ES_FM-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES_FM_15-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES_FM_15-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Ghiorso, S. G. Thompson, G. H. Higgins, G. T. Seaborg (<i>Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California</i>), M. H. Studier, P. R. Fields, S. M. Fried, H. Diamond, J. F. Mech, G. L. Pyle, J. R. Huizenga, A. Hirsch, W. M. Manning (<i>Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois</i>), C. I. Browne, H. L. Smith, R. W. Spence (<i>Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico</i>): <i>New Elements Einsteinium and Fermium, Atomic Numbers 99 and 100</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1955</b>, <i>99</i> (3), S. 1048–1049 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repositories.cdlib.org/lbnl/UCRL-3036">Maschinoskript (9. Juni 1955), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Paper UCRL-3036</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. R. Fields, M. H. Studier, H. Diamond, J. F. Mech, M. G. Inghram, G. L. Pyle, C. M. Stevens, S. Fried, W. M. Manning (<i>Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois</i>); A. Ghiorso, S. G. Thompson, G. H. Higgins, G. T. Seaborg (<i>University of California, Berkeley, California</i>): <i>Transplutonium Elements in Thermonuclear Test Debris</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1956</b>, <i>102</i> (1), S. 180–182 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.102.180" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.180">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.180</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Das Handbook of Chemistry and Physics verwendete noch 2004 den provisorischen <a href="/wiki/Systematische_Elementnamen" title="Systematische Elementnamen">systematischen Namen</a> <i>Unnilnilium</i>: David R. Lide: <i><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i>, 85. Auflage, CRC Press, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780849304859" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9</a>, Section 4, S. 4–10 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=WDll8hA006AC&q=crc+handbook+of+chemistry">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche). In der 90. Auflage ist davon nicht mehr die Rede (S. 4–12 bis 4–13).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knk-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-knk_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Pfennig, H. Klewe-Nebenius, W. Seelmann-Eggebert (Hrsg.): <i>Karlsruher <a href="/wiki/Nuklidkarte" title="Nuklidkarte">Nuklidkarte</a></i>, 7. Aufl., 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nubase-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nubase_19-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nubase_19-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Audi, O. Bersillon, J. Blachot, A. H. Wapstra: <i>The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Physics_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Physics A">Nuclear Physics A</a></i>, 729, 2003, S. 3–128. <a href="//doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amdc.in2p3.fr/nubase/nubase2003/Nubase2003.pdf">PDF</a>; 1,0 MB).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silva-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Silva_20-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Silva_20-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Silva_20-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Silva_20-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Silva_20-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Silva_20-5">f</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert J. Silva: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r246413598"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100717155410/http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Fm%20to%20Lr.pdf"><i>Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Web-Archivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Web-Archivierung"><span class="webarchiv-memento">Memento</span></a> vom 17. Juli 2010 im <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>), in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Hrsg.): <i>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</i>, 3. Auflage, Springer, Dordrecht 2006, Band 3, S. 1621–1651.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neutrons.ornl.gov/facilities/HFIR/"><i>High Flux Isotope Reactor</i></a>, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; abgerufen am 23. September 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TEVA-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TEVA_22-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TEVA_22-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">C. E. Porter, F. D. Riley, Jr., R. D. Vandergrift, L. K. Felker: <i>Fermium Purification Using Teva™ Resin Extraction Chromatography</i>, in: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sep._Sci._Technol.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sep. Sci. Technol. (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Sep. Sci. Technol.</a></i>, <b>1997</b>, <i>32</i> (1–4), S. 83–92 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1080/01496399708003188" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1080/01496399708003188">doi:10.1080/01496399708003188</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Sewtz, H. Backe, A. Dretzke, G. Kube, W. Lauth, P. Schwamb, K. Eberhardt, C. Grüning, P. Thörle, N. Trautmann, P. Kunz, J. Lassen, G. Passler, C. Z. Dong, S. Fritzsche, R. G. Haire: <i>First Observation of Atomic Levels for the Element Fermium (</i>Z<i> = 100)</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Phys._Rev._Lett." class="mw-redirect" title="Phys. Rev. Lett.">Phys. Rev. Lett.</a></i>, <b>2003</b>, <i>90</i> (16), S. 163002 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.163002" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.163002">doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.163002</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. W. Hoff, E. K. Hulet: <i>Engineering with Nuclear Explosives</i>, <b>1970</b>, <i>2</i>, S. 1283–1294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. R. Choppin, B. G. Harvey, S. G. Thompson: <i>A new eluant for the separation of the actinide elements</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/J._Inorg._Nucl._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.">J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.</a></i>, <b>1956</b>, <i>2</i> (1), S. 66–68 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(56)80105-X" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/0022-1902(56)80105-X">doi:10.1016/0022-1902(56)80105-X</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. B. Mikheev, A. N. Kamenskaya, N. A. Konovalova, I. A. Rumer, S. A. Kulyukhin: <i>High-speed method for the separation of fermium from actinides and lanthanides</i>, in: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiokhimiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiokhimiya (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Radiokhimiya</a></i>, <b>1983</b>, <i>25</i> (2), S. 158–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Jones, R. P. Schuman, J. P. Butler, G. Cowper, T. A. Eastwood, H. G. Jackson: <i>Isotopes of Einsteinium and Fermium Produced by Neutron Irradiation of Plutonium</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1956</b>, <i>102</i> (1), S. 203–207 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.102.203" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.203">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.203</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. I. Guseva, K. V. Filippova, Yu. B. Gerlit, V. A. Druin, B. F. Myasoedov, N. I. Tarantin: <i>Experiments on the Production of Einsteinium and Fermium with a Cyclotron</i>, in: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Nuclear_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Nuclear Energy (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Journal of Nuclear Energy</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>3</i> (4), S. 341–346 (übersetzt im November 1956) (<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/0891-3919(56)90064-X" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/0891-3919(56)90064-X">doi:10.1016/0891-3919(56)90064-X</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. B. Mikheev, V. I. Spitsyn, A. N. Kamenskaya, N. A. Konovalova, I. A. Rumer, L. N. Auerman, A. M. Podorozhnyi: <i>Determination of oxidation potential of the pair Fm<sup>2+</sup>/Fm<sup>3+</sup></i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Inorg._Nucl._Chem._Lett." class="mw-redirect" title="Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.">Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.</a></i>, <b>1977</b>, <i>13</i> (12), S. 651–656 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(77)80074-3" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/0020-1650(77)80074-3">doi:10.1016/0020-1650(77)80074-3</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. J. Nugent, in: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=MTP_Int._Rev._Sci.:_Inorg._Chem.,_Ser._One&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MTP Int. Rev. Sci.: Inorg. Chem., Ser. One (Seite nicht vorhanden)">MTP Int. Rev. Sci.: Inorg. Chem., Ser. One</a></i>, <b>1975</b>, <i>7</i>, S. 195–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FM_2plus-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FM_2plus_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Samhoun, F. David, R. L. Hahn, G. D. O’Kelley, J. R. Tarrant, D. E. Hobart: <i>Electrochemical study of mendelevium in aqueous solution: No evidence for monovalent ions</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/J._Inorg._Nucl._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.">J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.</a></i>, <b>1979</b>, <i>41</i> (12), S. 1749–1754 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(79)80117-7" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/0022-1902(79)80117-7">doi:10.1016/0022-1902(79)80117-7</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaromír Malý: <i>The amalgamation behaviour of heavy elements 1. Observation of anomalous preference in formation of amalgams of californium, einsteinium, and fermium</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Inorg._Nucl._Chem._Lett." class="mw-redirect" title="Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.">Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.</a></i>, <b>1967</b>, <i>3</i> (9), S. 373–381 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(67)80046-1" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/0020-1650(67)80046-1">doi:10.1016/0020-1650(67)80046-1</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. B. Mikheev, V. I. Spitsyn, A. N. Kamenskaya, B. A. Gvozdec, V. A. Druin, I. A. Rumer, R. A. Dyachkova, N. A. Rozenkevitch, L. N. Auerman: <i>Reduction of fermium to divalent state in chloride aqueous ethanolic solutions</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Inorg._Nucl._Chem._Lett." class="mw-redirect" title="Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.">Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.</a></i>, <b>1972</b>, <i>8</i> (11), S. 929–936 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(72)80202-2" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/0020-1650(72)80202-2">doi:10.1016/0020-1650(72)80202-2</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. K. Hulet, R. W. Lougheed, P. A. Baisden, J. H. Landrum, J. F. Wild, R. F. Lundqvist: <i>Non-observance of monovalent Md</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/J._Inorg._Nucl._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.">J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.</a></i>, <b>1979</b>, <i>41</i> (12), S. 1743–1747 (<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(79)80116-5" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/0022-1902(79)80116-5">doi:10.1016/0022-1902(79)80116-5</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Lundqvist, E. K. Hulet, T. A. Baisden: <i>Electromigration Method in Tracer Studies of Complex Chemistry. II. Hydrated Radii and Hydration Numbers of Trivalent Actinides</i>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Chem._Scand.,_Ser._A" class="mw-redirect" title="Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. A">Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. A</a></i>, <b>1981</b>, <i>35</i>, S. 653–661 (<a href="//doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.35a-0653" class="extiw" title="doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.35a-0653">doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.35a-0653</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Hussonnois, S. Hubert, L. Aubin, R. Guillaumont, G. Boussieres: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiochem._Radioanal._Lett.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett.</a></i>, <b>1972</b>, <i>10</i>, S. 231–238.</span> </li> </ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r248673343">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;min-height:0;padding:2px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavPic{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.NavHead{background-color:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+link+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+style+div.NavFrame{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .NavToggle{float:right;font-size:x-small}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}</style><div class="NavFrame navigation-not-searchable" role="navigation"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> der <a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">Elemente</a></div> <div class="NavContent"> <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">H</a> </td> <td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">B</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Schwefel" title="Schwefel">S</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Mo</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber">Ag</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Zinn" title="Zinn">Sn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">I</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Hg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei">Pb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">U</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" rules="all" style="border:1px solid #fff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ff4500" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff8c00" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Erdalkalimetalle" title="Erdalkalimetalle">Erdalkalimetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#dda0dd" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a> </td> <td style="background:#da70d6" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a> </td> <td style="background:#f08080" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#a9a9a9" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#cd853f" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Halbmetalle" title="Halbmetalle">Halbmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#32cd32" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#f0e68c" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a> </td> <td style="background:#87cefa" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgase</a> </td> <td style="background:#dcdcdc" width="9%">Chemie unbekannt </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable noprint" style="border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="Vorlage_Lesenswert"><div class="noviewer noresize" style="display: table-cell; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Qsicon_lesenswert.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Qsicon_lesenswert.svg/24px-Qsicon_lesenswert.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Qsicon_lesenswert.svg/36px-Qsicon_lesenswert.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Qsicon_lesenswert.svg/48px-Qsicon_lesenswert.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div role="contentinfo"> Dieser Artikel wurde am 25. November 2010 in <a href="/wiki/Spezial:Permanenter_Link/81733710" title="Spezial:Permanenter Link/81733710">dieser Version</a> in die Liste der <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lesenswerte_Artikel" title="Wikipedia:Lesenswerte Artikel">lesenswerten Artikel</a> aufgenommen.</div> </div></div> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fermium&action=show-download-screen"><span>Als PDF herunterladen</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&printable=yes" title="Druckansicht dieser Seite [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckversion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Projekten</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fermium" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1896" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Sprachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8C%E1%88%AD%E1%88%9A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ፌርሚየም – Amharisch" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፌርሚየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="फर्मीयम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फर्मीयम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="فيرميوم – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيرميوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="فيرميوم – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيرميوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="فيرميوم – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيرميوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiu" title="Fermiu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fermiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий – Baschkirisch" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фермий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baschkirisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Balinesisch" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Фермій – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фермій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Фэрм – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фэрм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фермий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="फर्मियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फर्मियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ফার্মিয়াম – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফার্মিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiom" title="Fermiom – Bretonisch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fermiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermij" title="Fermij – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fermij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_(element)" title="Fermi (element) – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fermi (element)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermyo" title="Fermyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Fermyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="فێرمیۆم – Zentralkurdisch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فێرمیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentralkurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiu" title="Fermiu – Korsisch" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Fermiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий – Tschuwaschisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фермий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwaschisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffermiwm" title="Ffermiwm – Walisisch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffermiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Walisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φέρμιο – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φέρμιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fermio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fermio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fermio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85" title="فرمیم – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرمیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Färöisch" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Färöisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Nordfriesisch" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Nordfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi" title="Fermi – Friaulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Fermi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friaulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feirmiam" title="Feirmiam – Irisch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Feirmiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Gälisch (Schottland)" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gälisch (Schottland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fermio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="ફર્મીયમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફર્મીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פרמיום – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרמיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="फर्मीयम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फर्मीयम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermij" title="Fermij – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fermij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A8my%C3%B2m" title="Fèmyòm – Haiti-Kreolisch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fèmyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ֆերմիում – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆերմիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fermio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fermio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="フェルミウム – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェルミウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrfermi" title="jinmrfermi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrfermi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Javanisch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ფერმიუმი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფერმიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%9Brm%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Fɛrmɩyɔm – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fɛrmɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фермий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫರ್ಮಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫರ್ಮಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AE%B4" title="페르뮴 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페르뮴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Фермий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiom" title="Fermiom – Kornisch" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fermiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий – Kirgisisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фермий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Luxemburgisch" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Limburgisch" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fermio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermis" title="Fermis – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fermis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermijs" title="Fermijs – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fermijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Фермиум – Mazedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фермиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഫെർമിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫെർമിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Ферми – Mongolisch" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ферми" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="फर्मियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फर्मियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий – Bergmari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Фермий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Bergmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဖာမီယမ် – Birmanisch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖာမီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="फर्मियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फर्मियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermii" title="Fermii – Olonetzisch" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Fermii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Olonetzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ଫର୍ମିଅମ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଫର୍ମିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="फर्मियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="फर्मियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferm_(pierwiastek)" title="Ferm (pierwiastek) – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ferm (pierwiastek)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_(element)" title="Fermi (element) – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fermi (element)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85" title="فرمیم – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرمیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="فېرميوم – Paschtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فېرميوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paschtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9rmio" title="Férmio – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Férmio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phirmiyu" title="Phirmiyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Phirmiyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiu" title="Fermiu – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fermiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiu" title="Fermiu – Aromunisch" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Fermiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromunisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фермий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="फर्मियम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फर्मियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Фермиум – Jakutisch" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Фермиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakutisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A8rmiu" title="Fèrmiu – Sardisch" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fèrmiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiu" title="Fermiu – Sizilianisch" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fermiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sizilianisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermijum" title="Fermijum – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fermijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermij" title="Fermij – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fermij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiumi" title="Fermiumi – Albanisch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fermiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Фермијум – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фермијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi" title="Fermi – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fermi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பெர்மியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெர்மியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ఫెర్మియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫెర్మియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий – Tadschikisch" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фермий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadschikisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="เฟอร์เมียม – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟอร์เมียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permiyo" title="Permiyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Permiyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiyum" title="Fermiyum – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fermiyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фермий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%89%D9%8A" title="فېرمىي – Uigurisch" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فېرمىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uigurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Фермій – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фермій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="فرمیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرمیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiy" title="Fermiy – Usbekisch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fermiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermii" title="Fermii – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Fermii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi" title="Fermi – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fermi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermyo" title="Fermyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fermyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="镄" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Фермиум – Kalmückisch" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Фермиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmückisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%E1%BA%B9%CC%81rm%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m" title="Fẹ́rmíọ̀m – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fẹ́rmíọ̀m" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="镄" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%A8" title="鐨 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鐨" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Fermium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%A8" title="鐨 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鐨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmFeme" title="UmFeme – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmFeme" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1896#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li 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