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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Klasyfikacje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasyfikacje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klasyfikacje</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klasyfikacje-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Klasyfikacje</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Klasyfikacje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Podrasy_zasadnicze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podrasy_zasadnicze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Podrasy zasadnicze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podrasy_zasadnicze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podrasy_złożone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podrasy_złożone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Podrasy złożone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podrasy_złożone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typy_mieszane_podras_zasadniczych" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typy_mieszane_podras_zasadniczych"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Typy mieszane podras zasadniczych</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typy_mieszane_podras_zasadniczych-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charakterystyka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charakterystyka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Charakterystyka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charakterystyka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Spis treści" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biała odmiana człowieka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 62 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wit_mense" title="Wit mense – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wit mense" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="عرق أبيض – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عرق أبيض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blancu_(persona)" title="Blancu (persona) – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Blancu (persona)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%BA_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آغ اینسانلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آغ اینسانلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-l%C3%A2ng" title="Pe̍h-lâng – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pe̍h-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Бели хора – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бели хора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_blanca" title="Raça blanca – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Raça blanca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katawhang_puti" title="Katawhang puti – cebuański" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Katawhang puti" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varungu" title="Varungu – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Varungu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fe" title="Weiße – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weiße" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilag%C3%A1ana" title="Bilagáana – nawaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bilagáana" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="nawaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%86%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Λευκή φυλή – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λευκή φυλή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_people" title="White people – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="White people" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanco_(persona)" title="Blanco (persona) – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Blanco (persona)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blankulo" title="Blankulo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Blankulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuri_(arraza)" title="Zuri (arraza) – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zuri (arraza)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="سفیدپوست – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سفیدپوست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanc_(humain)" title="Blanc (humain) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Blanc (humain)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoine_geala" title="Daoine geala – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Daoine geala" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raza_branca" title="Raza branca – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Raza branca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-ng%C3%ACn" title="Pha̍k-ngìn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pha̍k-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%9D%B8" title="백인 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AB%D5%A4_%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Եվրոպոիդ ռասա – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եվրոպոիդ ռասա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="श्वेत जन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="श्वेत जन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_populo" title="Blanka populo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Blanka populo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndi_ocha" title="Ndi ocha – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndi ocha" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_kulit_putih" title="Orang kulit putih – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang kulit putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C3%ADtur_(kyn%C3%BE%C3%A1ttur)" title="Hvítur (kynþáttur) – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvítur (kynþáttur)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bianco_(antropologia)" title="Bianco (antropologia) – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bianco (antropologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="האדם הלבן – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האדם הלבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albicolores" title="Albicolores – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Albicolores" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mund%C9%9B%CC%81l%C9%9B%CC%81" title="Mundɛ́lɛ́ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mundɛ́lɛ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86" title="اسپه‌شون – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپه‌شون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_kulit_putih" title="Orang kulit putih – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang kulit putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Putiah" title="Urang Putiah – minangkabu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Urang Putiah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83h-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84ng-n%C3%A8%CC%A4ng" title="Băh-cṳ̄ng-nè̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Băh-cṳ̄ng-nè̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B0" title="လူဖြူ – birmański" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လူဖြူ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanken" title="Blanken – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Blanken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="白人 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="白人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="ХӀукӀайн адамаш – czeczeński" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀукӀайн адамаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="czeczeński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oqlar" title="Oqlar – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oqlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witte_(Minschengrupp)" title="Witte (Minschengrupp) – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Witte (Minschengrupp)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brancos" title="Brancos – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brancos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADlene" title="Bílene – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bílene" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Белые люди – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белые люди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_fowk" title="White fowk – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="White fowk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සුදු ජනතාව – syngaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සුදු ජනතාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="syngaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_people" title="White people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="White people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadka_Cad" title="Dadka Cad – somalijski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dadka Cad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Бијелци – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бијелци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijelci" title="Bijelci – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bijelci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkoiset_(ihmiset)" title="Valkoiset (ihmiset) – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valkoiset (ihmiset)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit_(hudf%C3%A4rg)" title="Vit (hudfärg) – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vit (hudfärg)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_taong_puti" title="Mga taong puti – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga taong puti" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyazlar" title="Beyazlar – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beyazlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Білі люди – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Білі люди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ئاق تەنلىكلەر – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاق تەنلىكلەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouxhau" title="Bouxhau – czuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bouxhau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="czuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_da_tr%E1%BA%AFng" title="Người da trắng – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người da trắng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="西洋人 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西洋人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt%C4%97%CC%84j%C4%97" title="Baltė̄jė – żmudzki" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Baltė̄jė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="żmudzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="白人 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="白人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q235155#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj 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<div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&oldid=75219368" title="Stały link do tej wersji 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Lucy_Merriam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lucy_Merriam.jpg/220px-Lucy_Merriam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lucy_Merriam.jpg/330px-Lucy_Merriam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lucy_Merriam.jpg/440px-Lucy_Merriam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Dziewczynka reprezentująca białą odmianę człowieka</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Biała odmiana człowieka</b> (europeidzi<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>) – jedna z grup wydzielanych w podziałach <a href="/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia">antropologicznych</a> <a href="/wiki/Cz%C5%82owiek_rozumny" title="Człowiek rozumny">gatunku ludzkiego</a>. Po raz pierwszy podziału na odmiany, w którym kryterium był <a href="/wiki/Fototypy_sk%C3%B3ry" title="Fototypy skóry">kolor skóry</a>, dokonał <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a> w roku 1812<sup id="cite_ref-Malinowski-1980_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malinowski-1980-2">[2]</a></sup>. Odmiana biała obejmuje ludzi <a href="/wiki/Przystosowanie_(biologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Przystosowanie (biologia)">przystosowanych</a> do <a href="/wiki/Klimat_umiarkowany" title="Klimat umiarkowany">klimatu umiarkowanego</a> o małym <a href="/wiki/Insolacja" title="Insolacja">nasłonecznieniu</a><sup id="cite_ref-mn.uio.no_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mn.uio.no-3">[3]</a></sup>. Pierwotnie tereny zamieszkiwane przez odmianę białą były w większości pokryte <a href="/wiki/Las" title="Las">lasami</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tu%C5%82%C3%B3w_cz%C5%82owieka" title="Tułów człowieka">Tułów</a> proporcjonalny do długości kończyn oraz mała ilość <a href="/wiki/Pigment" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigment">pigmentu</a> w skórze ułatwiająca syntezę <a href="/wiki/Witamina_D" title="Witamina D">witaminy D</a> uznawane są za przystosowania do warunków środowiska w naturalnym miejscu występowania odmiany białej<sup id="cite_ref-Malinowski-2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malinowski-2007-4">[4]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasyfikacje">Klasyfikacje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Klasyfikacje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Klasyfikacje"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:TylerMac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/TylerMac.jpg/207px-TylerMac.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/TylerMac.jpg/311px-TylerMac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/TylerMac.jpg/415px-TylerMac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2718" /></a><figcaption>Naturalne rude włosy przedstawiciela odmiany białej</figcaption></figure> <p>Klasyfikacja zaproponowana przez Cuviera została wykorzystana przez kolejnych naukowców. W roku 1947 E.A. Hooton<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> zaproponował podział ludzkości na trzy rasy główne, które podzielił dalej na podrasy zasadnicze, podrasy złożone i typy mieszane. Do podras rasy głównej białej Hooton zaliczył: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podrasy_zasadnicze">Podrasy zasadnicze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Podrasy zasadnicze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Podrasy zasadnicze"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Śródziemnomorska: <ul><li>Typ morfologiczny górnopaleolityczny.</li> <li>Typ morfologiczny irańsko-wyżynny.</li> <li>Typ morfologiczny klasyczny śródziemnomorski.</li></ul></li> <li>Alpejska.</li> <li>Ajnoska.</li> <li>Celtycka.</li> <li>Nordyczna.</li> <li>Wschodniobałtycka.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podrasy_złożone"><span id="Podrasy_z.C5.82o.C5.BCone"></span>Podrasy złożone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Podrasy złożone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Podrasy złożone"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Armenoidalna.</li> <li>Dynarska.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typy_mieszane_podras_zasadniczych">Typy mieszane podras zasadniczych</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Typy mieszane podras zasadniczych" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Typy mieszane podras zasadniczych"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nordyczno-alpejski.</li> <li>Nordyczno-śródziemnomorski.</li></ul> <p>Klasyfikacja z wyróżnieniem trzech podstawowych ras została stworzona również w ramach <a href="/wiki/Polska_szko%C5%82a_antropologiczna" title="Polska szkoła antropologiczna">polskiej szkoły antropologicznej</a> przez <a href="/wiki/Jan_Czekanowski" title="Jan Czekanowski">Jana Czekanowskiego</a>. Klasyfikacja ta została skrytykowana przez antropologów będących zwolennikami populacyjnej koncepcji rozumienia rasy<sup id="cite_ref-Malinowski-1980_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malinowski-1980-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Białą rasę [Ripley] dzielono na rasy nordycką, alpejską i śródziemnomorską. W ujęciu polskiej szkoły antropologicznej według Czekanowskiego [1934] była jeszcze rasa armenoidalna, a alpejska zwana była laponoidalną. W późniejszym ujęciu według Michalskiego [1955] dodano rasy kromanionoidalną, berberyjską, orientalną i ajnuidalną<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>. Pierwotnie występować miała na obszarze całej <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europy</a>, północnej <a href="/wiki/Afryka" title="Afryka">Afryki</a> oraz południowo-zachodniej <a href="/wiki/Azja" title="Azja">Azji</a>, ale wraz z rozwojem cywilizacji przedstawiciele rasy białej osiedlali się na nowych terenach. </p><p>Antropolodzy do rasy białej zaliczali też zazwyczaj populacje zamieszkujące <a href="/wiki/Indie" title="Indie">Indie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cejlon" title="Cejlon">Cejlon</a>, a także niekiedy <a href="/wiki/Ajnowie" title="Ajnowie">Ajnów</a> – ludność z północnej <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonii</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sachalin" title="Sachalin">Sachalinu</a>. Pewne cechy rasy białej wykazywać mieli też mieszkańcy <a href="/wiki/Polinezja" title="Polinezja">Polinezji</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charakterystyka">Charakterystyka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Charakterystyka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Charakterystyka"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Według tych teorii, przedstawiciele rasy białej człowieka charakteryzują się następującymi cechami <a href="/wiki/Antropologia_fizyczna" title="Antropologia fizyczna">antropologicznymi</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B3ra" title="Skóra">Skóra</a> jasna różnych odcieni.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oko" title="Oko">Oczy</a> różne, lecz często jasne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82os" title="Włos">Włosy</a> faliste lub proste, często jasne.</li> <li>Brak <a href="/wiki/Zmarszczka_nak%C4%85tna" title="Zmarszczka nakątna">fałdy nakątnej</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twarz" title="Twarz">Twarz</a> <a href="/wiki/Ortognatyzm" title="Ortognatyzm">ortognatyczna</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nos" title="Nos">Nos</a> wąski, wystający.</li> <li>Silne owłosienie ciała.</li> <li>Wysoki wzrost.</li> <li>Mała zawartość <a href="/wiki/Melaniny" title="Melaniny">melaniny</a>.</li></ul> <p>Przedstawiciele rasy białej, krzyżując się z osobami innych ras, dawać mieli początek osobnikom ras mieszanych, określanych mianami: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metys" title="Metys">Metysów</a> – tj. mieszańców odmiany białej z <a href="/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%B3%C5%82ta_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka" title="Żółta odmiana człowieka">odmianą żółtą</a> (zwłaszcza <a href="/wiki/Indianie" title="Indianie">Indianami</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulat" title="Mulat">Mulatów</a> – tj. mieszańców odmiany białej z <a href="/wiki/Czarna_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka" title="Czarna odmiana człowieka">odmianą czarną</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rasa" title="Rasa">rasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucyzm" title="Leucyzm">leucyzm</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82a_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka&action=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3876963"><i>biała odmiana człowieka</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">Encyklopedia PWN</a></i> [online], <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-04-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=bia%C5%82a+odmiana+cz%C5%82owieka&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2F%3B3876963" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malinowski-1980-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Malinowski-1980_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Malinowski-1980_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>Antropologia fizyczna</i>. Malinowski Andrzej (red.). Warszawa-Poznań: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1980, s. 217–270. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8301025697" title="Specjalna:Książki/8301025697">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-01-02569-7</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antropologia+fizyczna&rft.date=1980&rft.pub=Pa%C5%84stwowe+Wydawnictwo+Naukowe&rft.place=Warszawa-Pozna%C5%84&rft.pages=217%E2%80%93270&rft.isbn=83-01-02569-7"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mn.uio.no-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mn.uio.no_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Johan Moan: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mn.uio.no/fysikk/english/research/news-and-events/news/2011/why-skin-colours-differ.html">Why Skin Colours Differ - Department of Physics</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_w_Oslo" title="Uniwersytet w Oslo">Uniwersytet w Oslo</a>, 2011. Cytat: Some humans migrated eastward from Africa towards Indonesia, continually remaining in the tropics, and kept their dark skin colour. Others migrated north. This occurred several times, and each time their skin colour became lighter. This happened so that they would be able to get enough Vitamin D. White skin needs only one-sixth as much sun as black skin to make enough Vitamin D. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malinowski-2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Malinowski-2007_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Malinowski Andrzej. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20171009052034/http://homines.wspia.pl/pdf/2007/Homines2007_06_Malinowski.pdf"><em>Rasy i rasizm w sporcie i na jego obrzeżach</em></a>. „Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogiki i Administracji w Poznaniu”. 3, s. 53–61, 2007.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rasy+i+rasizm+w+sporcie+i+na+jego+obrze%C5%BCach&rft.jtitle=Zeszyty+Naukowe+Wy%C5%BCszej+Szko%C5%82y+Pedagogiki+i+Administracji+w+Poznaniu&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=3&rft.au=Malinowski+Andrzej&rft.pages=53%E2%80%9361&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20171009052034%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fhomines.wspia.pl%2Fpdf%2F2007%2FHomines2007_06_Malinowski.pdf"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">E. Hooton: <i>Up from the Ape</i>. 1946.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Up+from+the+Ape&rft.aulast=Hooton&rft.aufirst=E."></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jasicki B., Panek S., Sikora P., Stołyhwo E.: <i>Zarys antropologii</i>. Warszawa: PWN, 1962.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zarys+antropologii&rft.au=Jasicki+B.%2C+Panek+S.%2C+Sikora+P.%2C+Sto%C5%82yhwo+E.&rft.date=1962&rft.pub=PWN&rft.place=Warszawa"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75562624">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Rasa_cz%C5%82owieka" title="Rasa człowieka">rasa człowieka</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85146547">sh85146547</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4132037-2">4132037-2</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01151409">01151409</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11972991d">11972991d</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=49408">49408</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph119080">ph119080</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987012439376905171">987012439376905171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000151835&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000151835</a></span></li><li><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalna_i_sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1na_knji%C5%BEnica_u_Zagrebu" class="extiw" title="hr:Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000634005&local_base=nsk10">000634005</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brazylijska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Brazylijska Biblioteka Narodowa">BLBNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acervo.bn.br/sophia_web/autoridade/detalhe/000072207">000072207</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Caucasian">topic/Caucasian</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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