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from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_exit_of_the_resin_from_the_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_exit_of_the_resin_from_the_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The exit of the resin from the tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_exit_of_the_resin_from_the_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resin_Harvesting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resin_Harvesting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Resin Harvesting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resin_Harvesting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Agricultural_Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Agricultural_Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The Agricultural Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Agricultural_Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hars" title="Hars – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hars" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC" title="راتنج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راتنج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resina" title="Resina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Resina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaskiw_(irinacitc)" title="Papaskiw (irinacitc) – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Papaskiw (irinacitc)" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaysy" title="Mangaysy – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mangaysy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatran" title="Qatran – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qatran" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%87" title="کیتیرگه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کیتیرگه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8" title="রজন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রজন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C5%AB-ch%C3%AD" title="Chhiū-chí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhiū-chí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D2%AB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ыҫмала – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ыҫмала" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Смала – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Смала" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Смола – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Смола" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baambeech" title="Baambeech – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Baambeech" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smola" title="Smola – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Smola" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resina" title="Resina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Resina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сăмала – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăмала" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prysky%C5%99ice" title="Pryskyřice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pryskyřice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin" title="Resin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Resin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C9%A3iri" title="Diɣiri – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Diɣiri" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpiks" title="Harpiks – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harpiks" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harz_(Material)" title="Harz (Material) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harz (Material)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaik" title="Vaik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vaik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Ρητίνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρητίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin" title="Resin – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Resin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Пичеой – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пичеой" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resina" title="Resina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Resina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezino" title="Rezino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rezino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erretxina" title="Erretxina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erretxina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%BA" title="صمغ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صمغ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9sine" title="Résine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Résine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rois%C3%ADn" title="Roisín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Roisín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resina" title="Resina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Resina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%AD%87%EC%A7%84" title="나뭇진 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나뭇진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A5%D5%AA%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խեժեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խեժեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="रेज़िन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेज़िन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smola" title="Smola – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Smola" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezino" title="Rezino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rezino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin" title="Resin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Resin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trj%C3%A1kvo%C3%B0a" title="Trjákvoða – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Trjákvoða" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%A3" title="שרף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שרף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B3" title="ರಾಳ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಳ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ფისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Шайыр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шайыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sve%C4%B7i" title="Sveķi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sveķi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakai" title="Sakai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sakai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyanta" title="Gyanta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyanta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Смола – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Смола" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="റെസിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റെസിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin" title="Resin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Resin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9u-n%C4%95ng" title="Chéu-nĕng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chéu-nĕng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin" title="Resin – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Resin" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hars" title="Hars – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hars" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B" title="खोटो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खोटो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%A8%B9%E8%84%82" title="天然樹脂 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天然樹脂" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpiks" title="Harpiks – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Harpiks" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvae" title="Kvae – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvae" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smola" title="Smola – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Smola" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%86" title="جوگن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوگن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ريزين – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ريزين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80" title="ជ័រទឹក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជ័រទឹក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBywica" title="Żywica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żywica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resina" title="Resina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Resina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Смола – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Смола" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rr%C3%ABshira" title="Rrëshira – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rrëshira" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADrodn%C3%A1_%C5%BEivica" title="Prírodná živica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prírodná živica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Смола – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Смола" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smola" title="Smola – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Smola" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartsi" title="Hartsi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hartsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harts" title="Harts – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Harts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பிசின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிசின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timijglt" title="Timijglt – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Timijglt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сумала – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сумала" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="ยางไม้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยางไม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C3%A7ine" title="Reçine – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Reçine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Смола – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Смола" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Resin_with_insect_(aka).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Resin_with_insect_%28aka%29.jpg/170px-Resin_with_insect_%28aka%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Resin_with_insect_%28aka%29.jpg/255px-Resin_with_insect_%28aka%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Resin_with_insect_%28aka%29.jpg/340px-Resin_with_insect_%28aka%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Insect trapped in resin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9sine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/R%C3%A9sine.jpg/170px-R%C3%A9sine.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/R%C3%A9sine.jpg/255px-R%C3%A9sine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/R%C3%A9sine.jpg/340px-R%C3%A9sine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Resin of a pine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rosin.jpg/220px-Rosin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rosin.jpg/330px-Rosin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rosin.jpg/440px-Rosin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2535" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption>A cake of rosin can be used by <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violinists</a> or for <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldering</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Resin</b> is a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">organic compound</a>s <a href="/wiki/Secretion" title="Secretion">secreted</a> by many <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">coniferous trees</a>. </p><p>Plants <a href="/wiki/Evolved" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolved">evolved</a> many complex chemicals as <a href="/wiki/Defence_against_herbivory" title="Defence against herbivory">defences against herbivores</a>. That may be the origin of these resins, which are certainly not good to eat. Plants secrete resins for their protective benefits in response to injury. </p><p>The resin protects the plant from insects and pathogens.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Resins confound a wide range of herbivores, insects, and pathogens. The volatile <a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">phenolic compounds</a> may attract benefactors, that is, <a href="/wiki/Parasitoid" title="Parasitoid">parasitoids</a> or predators of the herbivores which attack the plant.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humans also value resins for their many uses. They are used in <a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">varnishes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">adhesives</a>, as raw materials for <a href="/wiki/Organic_synthesis" title="Organic synthesis">organic synthesis</a>, or for <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">perfume</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">Fossilized</a> resins are the source of <a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a>. The term is also used for synthetic substances with similar properties. </p><p>Resins contain chemicals composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Synthetic resins are used in laminates, adhesives, flooring, linings, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rosin">Rosin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Rosin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Rosin"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Rosin</b>, (also called 'colophony' or 'Greek pitch') is a solid form of resin. It is got from <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pines</a> and some other <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a>, mostly <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">conifers</a>. Heating fresh liquid resin vaporizes light <a href="/wiki/Volatiles" title="Volatiles">volatiles</a> like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terpene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terpene (not yet started)">terpenes</a>. </p><p>Rosin is semi-transparent and yellow to black in colour.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "colophony" comes from <i>colophonia resina</i> or "resin from the pine trees of Colophon", an ancient <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionic</a> city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Uses" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Uses"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosin has hundreds of uses, of which only a few can be mentioned here. These uses fall into groups, such as: </p> <ol><li>Resisting slippages (increasing <a href="/wiki/Friction" title="Friction">friction</a>): used on stringed instruments, dancers' shoes, in gymnastics, in rock climbing, and on hands of various types of games players.</li> <li>In manufacturing <a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">soap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">inks</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">paints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">varnish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glue" title="Glue">glue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldering</a> fluxes, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sealing_wax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sealing wax (not yet started)">sealing wax</a>.</li> <li>Pharmaceutical products: tablet film and enteric coating, microcapsules and nanoparticles.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copal (not yet started)">Copal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a> are natural rosins: the lighter components of tree resin evaporated and left a hardened rosin.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_exit_of_the_resin_from_the_tree">The exit of the resin from the tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: The exit of the resin from the tree" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: The exit of the resin from the tree"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In each type of wood, the resin comes out in a different way. There are trees in which the resin comes from the "trunk" and there are types of trees in which the resin comes out of the "tree branches". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resin_Harvesting">Resin Harvesting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Resin Harvesting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Resin Harvesting"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some countries in the world also have wood resin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvesting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvesting (not yet started)">harvesting</a>: </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> there is the picking of a wooden resin <a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic (plant resin)</a> with a "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slitting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slitting (not yet started)">slitting</a>".</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> there is the picking of <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">Acacia</a> wood resin in the form of resin removal from the tree.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> there is the picking of <a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a> resin in the form of peeling the tree trunk.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Agricultural_Research">The Agricultural Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: The Agricultural Research" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: The Agricultural Research"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is still no extensive agricultural research regarding the tree resins and also, the exact benefit of the resin production by the tree is currently unknown, but some possible hypotheses have been proposed such as plugging holes (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Scab_(medicine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scab (medicine) (not yet started)">scab</a> of wounds), protection against <a href="/wiki/Insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Insects">insects</a> that want to penetrate the tree, and preventing the growth of <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a> <a href="/wiki/Parasites" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasites">parasites</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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.reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/ethnobotany/resins.shtml">"Resins"</a>. <i>www.fs.fed.us</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fs.fed.us&rft.atitle=Resins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fwildflowers%2Fethnobotany%2Fresins.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AResin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Langenheim, Jean 2003. <i>Plant resins: chemistry, evolution, ecology, and ethnobotany</i>. Timber Press, Portland OR.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resinbondedstone.uk/">"Resin Bonded Stone"</a>. <i>Resin Bonded Stone</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resin+Bonded+Stone&rft.atitle=Resin+Bonded+Stone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresinbondedstone.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AResin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFiebachGrimm2000" class="citation book cs1">Fiebach, Klemens; Grimm, Dieter (2000). "Resins, natural". <i>Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a23_073">10.1002/14356007.a23_073</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-527-30673-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-527-30673-2"><bdi>978-3-527-30673-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Resins%2C+natural&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a23_073&rft.isbn=978-3-527-30673-2&rft.aulast=Fiebach&rft.aufirst=Klemens&rft.au=Grimm%2C+Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AResin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Resin&oldid=9645468#Rosin">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Resin&oldid=9645468#Rosin</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_materials" title="Category:Natural materials">Natural materials</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link is on Wikidata">Commons link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 12 July 2024, at 17:21.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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