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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Visualization of the worst-case scenario(s)</div> <p><b>Negative visualization</b> or <i><b>futurorum malorum præmeditatio</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Latin, literally, pre-studying bad future) is a method of <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditative</a> <a href="/wiki/Praxis_(process)" title="Praxis (process)">praxis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">askēsis</a> by <a href="/wiki/Creative_visualization" title="Creative visualization">visualization</a> of the worst-case scenario(s). The method originated with the <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaics" title="Cyrenaics">Cyreanic</a> philosophers<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was later adopted by <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoic</a> philosophers. The technique was made popular with publications of <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Epistulae_Morales_ad_Lucilium" title="Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium">Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought to have been one of the common forms of Stoic spiritual exercises.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the general focus of creative visualization of inducing an imaginary positive psychological and physiologic response, negative visualization focuses on training the practitioner on the negative outcomes of realistic life scenarios to desensitize or create psychological fitness in preparation for real-life losses and also to induce feelings of gratitude towards the real things or actual status that the practitioner has.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The severeness of negative visualization range from as mild as thinking of a minor inconvenience, e.g. having to abandon a minor pleasure, to as severe as total immersion in an imagined scenario in which the worst fear(s) of the practitioner has (have) really occurred, e.g. the loss of resources, status or life.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 21st century, inspired by English translations of Seneca's <i>Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium</i>, several <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">Anglophone</a> Stoics coined the expression "negative visualization" and gave it the <a href="/wiki/Dog_Latin" title="Dog Latin">Dog-Latin</a> expression "premeditatio malorum", often without providing citations.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before that, the expression "negative visualization" had negative connotations of being the opposite of <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetorical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">self-help</a> <a href="/wiki/Creative_visualization_(New_Age)" title="Creative visualization (New Age)">creative visualization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to accounts of some <a href="/wiki/Modern_Stoicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Stoicism">modern Stoics</a>, negative visualization has been adopted by <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy" title="Cognitive behavioral therapy">cognitive behavioral therapy</a> (CBT) and similar <a href="/wiki/Psychosocial" title="Psychosocial">psychosocial</a> approaches to <a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">psychotherapy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a claim supported by some licensed psychologists<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it has mostly been adopted by <a href="/wiki/Popular_psychology" title="Popular psychology">pop psychologists</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern Stoics advise practicing negative visualization daily at a set time, such as early in the morning or late at night.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Meditations" title="Meditations">Meditations</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> Book II.I, the author recommends to himself that he performs the following negative visualization in the early morning: </p> <blockquote><p>Betimes in the morning say to thyself, This day I shalt have to do with an idle curious man, with an unthankful man, a railer, a crafty, false, or an envious man; an unsociable uncharitable man. All these ill qualities have happened unto them, through ignorance of that which is truly good and truly bad. But I that understand the nature of that which is good, that it only is to be desired, and of that which is bad, that it only is truly odious and shameful: who know moreover, that this transgressor, whosoever he be, is my kinsman, not by the same blood and seed, but by participation of the same reason, and of the same divine particle; How can I either be hurt by any of those, since it is not in their power to make me incur anything that is truly reproachful? or angry, and ill affected towards him, who by nature is so near unto me? for we are all born to be fellow-workers, as the feet, the hands, and the eyelids; as the rows of the upper and under teeth: for such therefore to be in opposition, is against nature; and what is it to chafe at, and to be averse from, but to be in opposition?<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mortality_salience">Mortality salience</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negative_visualization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mortality salience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mortality_salience" title="Mortality salience">Mortality salience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memento_mori" title="Memento mori">Memento mori</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Terror_management_theory" title="Terror management theory">Terror management theory</a></div> <p>Seneca's <i>Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium</i> advise <a href="/wiki/Lucilius_Junior" title="Lucilius Junior">Lucilius Junior</a> to meditate on death.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, <a href="/wiki/Epictetus" title="Epictetus">Epictetus</a> was reported by his students in his <i><a href="/wiki/Discourses_of_Epictetus" title="Discourses of Epictetus">Discourses</a></i> to advise reminding oneself of the impermanent nature of things and the mortality of living beings.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Memento_mori" title="Memento mori">Memento mori</a></i> (Latin 'remember death'), or contemplation of death, is considered by the Stoics to be one form of negative visualization, since it trains the practitioner of the inevitability of death, whether that of the practitioner, of one's loved ones, or of everyone.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negative_visualization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_pessimism" title="Defensive pessimism">Defensive pessimism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negative_visualization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSeneca1607" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (1607). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s4pXAAAAcAAJ&q=%22Futurorum%20malorum%20pr%C3%A6meditatio%22&pg=PT25"><i>Ad Lucilium epistolarum liber M. Antonii notis, Ferdinandi Pinciani castigationibus, Erasmi Roterodami annotationibus, Joannis Obsopoei collectaneis, Jani Gruteri et Fr. Jureti animadversionibus illustratus</i></a> (in Latin). Foillet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ad+Lucilium+epistolarum+liber+M.+Antonii+notis%2C+Ferdinandi+Pinciani+castigationibus%2C+Erasmi+Roterodami+annotationibus%2C+Joannis+Obsopoei+collectaneis%2C+Jani+Gruteri+et+Fr.+Jureti+animadversionibus+illustratus&rft.pub=Foillet&rft.date=1607&rft.aulast=Seneca&rft.aufirst=Lucius+Annaeus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds4pXAAAAcAAJ%26q%3D%2522Futurorum%2520malorum%2520pr%25C3%25A6meditatio%2522%26pg%3DPT25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelbrun1675" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Delbrun, Pierre (1675). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VgLHqfZBcwAC&q=%22Futurorum+malorum+pr%C3%A6meditatio%22&pg=PA686"><i>Le grand dictionaire royal du P. Pierre Delbrun de la Compagnie de Iesus. Pour composer avec pureté, elegance et facilité de françois en latin: ... Enrichi d'vn seconde dictionaire, pour composer aisement & exactement de latin en grec. Avec vn traité des accents, des esprits & de la syntaxe grecque: \1!</i></a> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+grand+dictionaire+royal+du+P.+Pierre+Delbrun+de+la+Compagnie+de+Iesus.+Pour+composer+avec+puret%C3%A9%2C+elegance+et+facilit%C3%A9+de+fran%C3%A7ois+en+latin%3A+...+Enrichi+d%27vn+seconde+dictionaire%2C+pour+composer+aisement+%26+exactement+de+latin+en+grec.+Avec+vn+trait%C3%A9+des+accents%2C+des+esprits+%26+de+la+syntaxe+grecque%3A+%5C1%21&rft.date=1675&rft.aulast=Delbrun&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVgLHqfZBcwAC%26q%3D%2522Futurorum%2Bmalorum%2Bpr%25C3%25A6meditatio%2522%26pg%3DPA686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tusculan_Disputations" class="mw-redirect" title="Tusculan Disputations">Tusculan Disputations</a> Book III, Chapters XIII and XV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoucault1999" class="citation book cs1">Foucault, Michel (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mFLSAAAAIAAJ&q=premeditatio+malorum&pg=PA166"><i>Religion and Culture</i></a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0719054679" title="Special:BookSources/978-0719054679"><bdi>978-0719054679</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Culture&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0719054679&rft.aulast=Foucault&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmFLSAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dpremeditatio%2Bmalorum%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoucaultLotringer1997" class="citation book cs1">Foucault, Michel; Lotringer, Sylvère (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f9UkAQAAIAAJ&q=premeditatio+malorum"><i>The Politics of Truth</i></a>. Semiotext(e). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1570270277" title="Special:BookSources/978-1570270277"><bdi>978-1570270277</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Truth&rft.pub=Semiotext%28e%29&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1570270277&rft.aulast=Foucault&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Lotringer%2C+Sylv%C3%A8re&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df9UkAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dpremeditatio%2Bmalorum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw2019" class="citation book cs1">Law, Stephen (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XzR5DwAAQBAJ&q=%22premeditatio+malorum%22&pg=PT120"><i>What Am I Doing with My Life?: And other late night internet searches answered by the great philosophers</i></a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1473567931" title="Special:BookSources/978-1473567931"><bdi>978-1473567931</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Am+I+Doing+with+My+Life%3F%3A+And+other+late+night+internet+searches+answered+by+the+great+philosophers&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1473567931&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXzR5DwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522premeditatio%2Bmalorum%2522%26pg%3DPT120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrvine2008" class="citation book cs1">Irvine, William B. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ&q=%22Negative+Visualization%22&pg=PA252"><i>A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199705566" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199705566"><bdi>978-0199705566</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Good+Life%3A+The+Ancient+Art+of+Stoic+Joy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0199705566&rft.aulast=Irvine&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT9rQCwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522%26pg%3DPA252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTenumah2019" class="citation book cs1">Tenumah, Amas (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1_uqDwAAQBAJ&q=%22premeditatio+malorum%22&pg=PA46"><i>Joyful Stoic</i></a>. Bien Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0578221540" title="Special:BookSources/978-0578221540"><bdi>978-0578221540</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joyful+Stoic&rft.pub=Bien+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0578221540&rft.aulast=Tenumah&rft.aufirst=Amas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1_uqDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522premeditatio%2Bmalorum%2522%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPigliucciLopez2019" class="citation book cs1">Pigliucci, Massimo; Lopez, Gregory (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E1tsDwAAQBAJ&q=%22premeditatio+malorum%22&pg=PA48"><i>A Handbook for New Stoics: How to Thrive in a World Out of Your Control – 52 Week-by-Week Lessons</i></a>. The Experiment. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1615195343" title="Special:BookSources/978-1615195343"><bdi>978-1615195343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+for+New+Stoics%3A+How+to+Thrive+in+a+World+Out+of+Your+Control+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B52+Week-by-Week+Lessons&rft.pub=The+Experiment&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1615195343&rft.aulast=Pigliucci&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rft.au=Lopez%2C+Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE1tsDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522premeditatio%2Bmalorum%2522%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vw8EAQAAIAAJ&q=%22premeditatio+malorum%22"><i>Auslegung</i></a>. University of Kansas. 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Auslegung&rft.pub=University+of+Kansas&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVw8EAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522premeditatio%2Bmalorum%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPigliucci2017" class="citation book cs1">Pigliucci, Massimo (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pUh_DQAAQBAJ&q=%22negative+visualization%22"><i>How to Be a Stoic: Using Ancient Philosophy to Live a Modern Life</i></a>. Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0465097968" title="Special:BookSources/978-0465097968"><bdi>978-0465097968</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Be+a+Stoic%3A+Using+Ancient+Philosophy+to+Live+a+Modern+Life&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0465097968&rft.aulast=Pigliucci&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpUh_DQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522negative%2Bvisualization%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2020" class="citation book cs1">Williams, James W. (18 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jzXsDwAAQBAJ&q=%22premeditatio+malorum%22&pg=PA96"><i>Stoicism: The Timeless Wisdom to Living a Good life – Develop Grit, Build Confidence, and Find Inner Peace</i></a>. SD Publishing LLC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stoicism%3A+The+Timeless+Wisdom+to+Living+a+Good+life+%E2%80%93+Develop+Grit%2C+Build+Confidence%2C+and+Find+Inner+Peace&rft.pub=SD+Publishing+LLC&rft.date=2020-06-18&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjzXsDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522premeditatio%2Bmalorum%2522%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoliday2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Holiday" title="Ryan Holiday">Holiday, Ryan</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lUp1AgAAQBAJ&q=%22premeditatio+malorum%22&pg=PA140"><i>The Obstacle Is the Way: The Timeless Art of Turning Trials into Triumph</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1101620595" title="Special:BookSources/978-1101620595"><bdi>978-1101620595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Obstacle+Is+the+Way%3A+The+Timeless+Art+of+Turning+Trials+into+Triumph&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1101620595&rft.aulast=Holiday&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlUp1AgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522premeditatio%2Bmalorum%2522%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandolph1984" class="citation book cs1">Randolph, Keith (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x8VEzRShXykC&q=%22Negative+Visualization%22&pg=PA40"><i>Creative Visualization</i></a>. Llewellyn Worldwide. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0875423531" title="Special:BookSources/978-0875423531"><bdi>978-0875423531</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creative+Visualization&rft.pub=Llewellyn+Worldwide&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0875423531&rft.aulast=Randolph&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx8VEzRShXykC%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMastersonBeebeWatson1989" class="citation book cs1">Masterson, John T.; Beebe, Steven A.; Watson, Norman H. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nrLhAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Negative+Visualization%22"><i>Invitation to Effective Speech Communication</i></a>. Scott, Foresman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0673185655" title="Special:BookSources/978-0673185655"><bdi>978-0673185655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invitation+to+Effective+Speech+Communication&rft.pub=Scott%2C+Foresman&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0673185655&rft.aulast=Masterson&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft.au=Beebe%2C+Steven+A.&rft.au=Watson%2C+Norman+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnrLhAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason1986" class="citation book cs1">Mason, L. John (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hH5WAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Negative+Visualization%22"><i>Guide to Stress Reduction</i></a>. Ten Speed Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0890874523" title="Special:BookSources/978-0890874523"><bdi>978-0890874523</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Stress+Reduction&rft.pub=Ten+Speed+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0890874523&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=L.+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhH5WAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSellnow2002" class="citation book cs1">Sellnow, Deanna D. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R9BkGjTyk_gC&q=%22Negative+Visualization%22"><i>Public Speaking: A Process Approach</i></a>. Harcourt College Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0155075573" title="Special:BookSources/978-0155075573"><bdi>978-0155075573</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Speaking%3A+A+Process+Approach&rft.pub=Harcourt+College+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0155075573&rft.aulast=Sellnow&rft.aufirst=Deanna+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR9BkGjTyk_gC%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCroskey2001" class="citation book cs1">McCroskey, James C. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iNwbAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Negative+Visualization%22"><i>An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication</i></a>. Allyn and Bacon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0205317226" title="Special:BookSources/978-0205317226"><bdi>978-0205317226</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Rhetorical+Communication&rft.pub=Allyn+and+Bacon&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0205317226&rft.aulast=McCroskey&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiNwbAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGermanson2001" class="citation book cs1">Germanson, Susan R. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r9JKGyOs1Y8C&q=%22Negative+Visualization%22"><i>Ouch! Life Can Hurt, But Healing Is Your Choice</i></a>. Vantage Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0533134816" title="Special:BookSources/978-0533134816"><bdi>978-0533134816</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ouch%21+Life+Can+Hurt%2C+But+Healing+Is+Your+Choice&rft.pub=Vantage+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0533134816&rft.aulast=Germanson&rft.aufirst=Susan+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr9JKGyOs1Y8C%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakay2000" class="citation book cs1">Makay, John J. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b5DrzzJR-yEC&q=%22Negative+Visualization%22"><i>Public Speaking: Theory Into Practice</i></a>. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0757517464" title="Special:BookSources/978-0757517464"><bdi>978-0757517464</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Speaking%3A+Theory+Into+Practice&rft.pub=Kendall+Hunt+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0757517464&rft.aulast=Makay&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db5DrzzJR-yEC%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connell2010" class="citation book cs1">O'Connell, Samantha S. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F7kBaAEACAAJ"><i>Challenging the Taboo of Negative Thinking: Positive Effects of Negative Visualization for Defensively Pessimistic Athletes</i></a>. Suffolk University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Challenging+the+Taboo+of+Negative+Thinking%3A+Positive+Effects+of+Negative+Visualization+for+Defensively+Pessimistic+Athletes&rft.pub=Suffolk+University&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Samantha+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF7kBaAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhD2012" class="citation book cs1">PhD, Roland A. Carlstedt (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=trrCYoSBOYwC"><i>Evidence-Based Applied Sport Psychology: A Practitioner's Manual</i></a>. Springer Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0826105530" title="Special:BookSources/978-0826105530"><bdi>978-0826105530</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evidence-Based+Applied+Sport+Psychology%3A+A+Practitioner%27s+Manual&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0826105530&rft.aulast=PhD&rft.aufirst=Roland+A.+Carlstedt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtrrCYoSBOYwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDern2017" class="citation book cs1">Dern, Nate (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7CppDQAAQBAJ&q=%22Negative+Visualization%22&pg=PT125"><i>Not Quite a Genius</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1501122224" title="Special:BookSources/978-1501122224"><bdi>978-1501122224</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not+Quite+a+Genius&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1501122224&rft.aulast=Dern&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7CppDQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522%26pg%3DPT125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2011" class="citation book cs1">Green, Alexander (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=STQZQ7xuxT0C&q=%22Negative+Visualization%22&pg=PA57"><i>Beyond Wealth: The Road Map to a Rich Life</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118078341" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118078341"><bdi>978-1118078341</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Wealth%3A+The+Road+Map+to+a+Rich+Life&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1118078341&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSTQZQ7xuxT0C%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAurelius" class="citation web cs1">Aurelius, Marcus. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius_Antoninus_-_His_Meditations_concerning_himselfe">"Meditations"</a> – via Wikisource.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meditations&rft.aulast=Aurelius&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FMarcus_Aurelius_Antoninus_-_His_Meditations_concerning_himselfe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeneca" class="citation book cs1">Seneca. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Moral_letters_to_Lucilius"><i>Moral letters to Lucilius (Epistulae morales ad Lucilium)</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moral+letters+to+Lucilius+%28Epistulae+morales+ad+Lucilium%29&rft.au=Seneca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FMoral_letters_to_Lucilius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpictetus" class="citation book cs1">Epictetus. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Epictetus,_the_Discourses_as_reported_by_Arrian,_the_Manual,_and_Fragments"><i>Epictetus, the Discourses as reported by Arrian, the Manual, and Fragments</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epictetus%2C+the+Discourses+as+reported+by+Arrian%2C+the+Manual%2C+and+Fragments&rft.au=Epictetus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FEpictetus%2C_the_Discourses_as_reported_by_Arrian%2C_the_Manual%2C_and_Fragments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2018" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Donald (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_x6yDwAAQBAJ&q=memento"><i>The Philosophy of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Stoic Philosophy as Rational and Cognitive Psychotherapy</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0429907517" title="Special:BookSources/978-0429907517"><bdi>978-0429907517</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+of+Cognitive-Behavioural+Therapy+%28CBT%29%3A+Stoic+Philosophy+as+Rational+and+Cognitive+Psychotherapy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0429907517&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_x6yDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmemento&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPress2019" class="citation book cs1">Press, Stoic Lifestyle (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=khkXzAEACAAJ"><i>Memento Mori: A Stoic Journal and Stoicism Notebook</i></a>. Independently Published. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1671198500" title="Special:BookSources/978-1671198500"><bdi>978-1671198500</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memento+Mori%3A+A+Stoic+Journal+and+Stoicism+Notebook&rft.pub=Independently+Published&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1671198500&rft.aulast=Press&rft.aufirst=Stoic+Lifestyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkhkXzAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANegative+visualization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Chrysippus" title="Chrysippus">Chrysippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_of_Babylon" title="Diogenes of Babylon">Diogenes of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipater_of_Tarsus" title="Antipater of Tarsus">Antipater of Tarsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panaetius" title="Panaetius">Panaetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posidonius" title="Posidonius">Posidonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Annaeus_Cornutus" title="Lucius Annaeus Cornutus">Cornutus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Musonius_Rufus" title="Gaius Musonius Rufus">Musonius Rufus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epictetus" title="Epictetus">Epictetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stoic_philosophers" title="List of Stoic philosophers">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Stoicism_terms" title="Glossary of Stoicism terms">Philosophical concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Stoic_logic" title="Stoic logic">Logic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adiaphora" title="Adiaphora">Adiaphora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katalepsis" title="Katalepsis">Katalepsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diairesis" title="Diairesis">Diairesis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Stoic_physics" title="Stoic physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Physis" title="Physis">Physis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_(classical_element)" title="Fire (classical element)">Fire</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pneuma" title="Pneuma">Pneuma</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ethics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stoic_passions" title="Stoic passions">Pathos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apatheia" title="Apatheia">Apatheia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">Eudaimonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathekon" title="Kathekon">Kathekon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oikei%C3%B4sis" title="Oikeiôsis">Oikeiôsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prohairesis" title="Prohairesis">Prohairesis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sage_(philosophy)" title="Sage (philosophy)">Sophos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On_Passions" title="On Passions"><i>On Passions</i> (Chrysippus)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxa_Stoicorum" title="Paradoxa Stoicorum">Paradoxa Stoicorum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistulae_Morales_ad_Lucilium" title="Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium"><i>Letters to Lucilius</i> (Seneca)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger#Essays" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca's Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca%27s_Consolations" title="Seneca's Consolations">Seneca's Consolations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Musonius_Rufus#Writings" title="Gaius Musonius Rufus"><i>Lectures</i> (Musonius Rufus)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discourses_of_Epictetus" title="Discourses of Epictetus">Discourses of Epictetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enchiridion_of_Epictetus" title="Enchiridion of Epictetus">Enchiridion of Epictetus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditations" title="Meditations"><i>Meditations of Marcus Aurelius</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stoicorum_Veterum_Fragmenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta">Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stoa_Poikile" title="Stoa Poikile">Stoa Poikile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoic_Opposition" title="Stoic Opposition">Stoic Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neostoicism" 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