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milurtekoa.\u003C/center\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erdi_Aroa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erdi_Aroa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Erdi Aroa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erdi_Aroa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aro_modernoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aro_modernoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Aro modernoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aro_modernoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XX._mendea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XX._mendea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>XX. mendea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XX._mendea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XXI_mendea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XXI_mendea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>XXI mendea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XXI_mendea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia_eta_klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia_eta_klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografia eta klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia_eta_klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Kultura azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hezkuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hezkuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Hezkuntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hezkuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jaialdiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jaialdiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Jaialdiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jaialdiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europako_kultura-hiriburua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europako_kultura-hiriburua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Europako kultura-hiriburua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europako_kultura-hiriburua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirolak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirolak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kirolak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kirolak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ondasun_nabariak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ondasun_nabariak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ondasun nabariak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ondasun_nabariak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iruditegia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iruditegia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Iruditegia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iruditegia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herritar_ezagunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herritar_ezagunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Herritar ezagunak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herritar_ezagunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiri_senidetuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiri_senidetuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Hiri senidetuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiri_senidetuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turku</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 122 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%A9" title="ቱርኩ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱርኩ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88" title="توركو – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توركو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88" title="توركو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81" title="টুর্কু – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টুর্কু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku_(munisipyo)" title="Turku (munisipyo) – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turku (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – korsikera" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%B9" title="Turkù – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Turkù" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – behe-sorabiera" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="behe-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – eweera" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eweera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Τούρκου – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τούρκου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turu" title="Turu – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88" title="تورکو – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تورکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turu" title="Turu – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Turu" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – fijiera" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArc%C3%BA" title="Túrcú – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Túrcú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – hawaiiera" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95" title="טורקו – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Տուրկու – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տուրկու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – interlinguea" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlinguea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="トゥルク – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トゥルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3" title="ტურკუ – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტურკუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%BF%A0" title="투르쿠 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투르쿠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – komi-permyakera" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permyakera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboa" title="Aboa – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aboa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – lombardiera" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – mokxera" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – maoriera" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82" title="तुर्कू – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्कू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="တားကူးမြို့ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တားကူးမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – erziera" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85bo" title="Åbo – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Åbo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85bo" title="Åbo – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Åbo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ترکو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – sangoa" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sangoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Inariko samiera" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inariko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – hegoaldeko sothoera" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="hegoaldeko sothoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85bo" title="Åbo – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Åbo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – silesiera" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – tetuma" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetuma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8" title="ตุรกุ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตุรกุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – tumbukera" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbukera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ترکو – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93" title="图尔库 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="图尔库" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%88%BE%E5%BA%AB" title="圖爾庫 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圖爾庫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%8F%A4" title="杜古 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="杜古" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38511#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Turku&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turku"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turku"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Turku" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Turku" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&oldid=10227310" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Turku&id=10227310&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurku"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurku"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Turku"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turku&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Turku" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38511" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Turku&params=60.4517_N_22.2669_E_region:_type:_scale:_dim:_globe:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">60°27′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°16′01″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">60.4517°N 22.2669°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.4517; 22.2669</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #99c;">Turku<br /><span lang="fi">Turku</span><br /><span lang="sv">Åbo</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Finlandiako_udalerriak" title="Finlandiako udalerriak">Finlandiako udalerriak</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turku_Cathedral_Park_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Turku_Cathedral_Park_2020.jpg/330px-Turku_Cathedral_Park_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Turku_Cathedral_Park_2020.jpg/500px-Turku_Cathedral_Park_2020.jpg 1.5x, 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font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turku.lippu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Turku.lippu.svg/90px-Turku.lippu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Turku.lippu.svg/135px-Turku.lippu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Turku.lippu.svg/180px-Turku.lippu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="575" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turku.vaakuna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Turku.vaakuna.svg/45px-Turku.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Turku.vaakuna.svg/68px-Turku.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Turku.vaakuna.svg/90px-Turku.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="831" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Administrazioa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td><b>Estatu burujabe</b></td><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a></td></tr><tr><td><b>Regional State Administrative Agency</b></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=South-Western_Finland_Regional_State_Administrative_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South-Western Finland Regional State Administrative Agency (sortu gabe)">South-Western Finland Regional State Administrative Agency</a></td></tr><tr><td><b>Finlandiako eskualdeak</b></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jatorrizko_Finlandia" title="Jatorrizko Finlandia">Jatorrizko Finlandia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Alkatea</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minna_Arve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minna Arve (sortu gabe)">Minna Arve</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18632341?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Izen ofiziala</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="fi">Turun kaupunki</span><br /><span lang="sv">Åbo stad</span><br /><span lang="ru">Або</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Jatorrizko izena</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="fi">Turku</span><br /><span lang="sv">Åbo</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Posta kodea</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>20000–20960</code></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Turku&params=60.4517_N_22.2669_E_region:_type:_scale:_dim:_globe:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">60°27′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°16′01″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">60.4517°N 22.2669°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.4517; 22.2669</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="10" data-lat="60.4517" data-lon="22.2669" data-overlays="["_cc3942759a0253f1a00ebbf225b4d0ee734c6c38"]" href="/wiki/Berezi:Map/10/60.4517/22.2669/eu"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,60.4517,22.2669,280x250.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Turku&revid=10227310&groups=_cc3942759a0253f1a00ebbf225b4d0ee734c6c38" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,60.4517,22.2669,280x250@2x.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Turku&revid=10227310&groups=_cc3942759a0253f1a00ebbf225b4d0ee734c6c38 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg/280px-Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="472" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg/420px-Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg/560px-Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="2950" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Azalera</th><td class="infobox-data">245,63 km²</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Altuera</th><td class="infobox-data">0 m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mugakideak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pargas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pargas (sortu gabe)">Pargas</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q774114" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q774114">Aura</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6yty%C3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pöytyä (sortu gabe)">Pöytyä</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Myn%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mynämäki (sortu gabe)">Mynämäki</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nousiainen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nousiainen (sortu gabe)">Nousiainen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rusko (sortu gabe)">Rusko</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaarina (sortu gabe)">Kaarina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lieto (sortu gabe)">Lieto</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raisio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raisio (sortu gabe)">Raisio</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Naantali" title="Naantali">Naantali</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Demografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Biztanleria</th><td class="infobox-data">202.250 <small>(<a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Otsailaren_29" title="Otsailaren 29">otsailaren 29a</a>)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/12px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/24px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><small>12.581 (2017)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Dentsitatea</th><td class="infobox-data">823 bizt/km²</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Informazio gehigarria</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Sorrera</th><td class="infobox-data">1229</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ordu eremua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> eta <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hiri senidetuak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Florentzia" title="Florentzia">Florentzia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varna" title="Varna">Varna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolonia_(Alemania)" title="Kolonia (Alemania)">Kolonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6teborg_udalerria" title="Göteborg udalerria">Göteborg udalerria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantza_(Errumania)" title="Konstantza (Errumania)">Konstantza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hizkuntza ofiziala</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Finlandiera" title="Finlandiera">finlandiera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Suediera" title="Suediera">suediera</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turku.fi">turku.fi</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Turku</b> (<a href="/wiki/Finlandiera" title="Finlandiera">finlandieraz</a>) edo <b>Åbo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Suediera" title="Suediera">suedieraz</a>) <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandiako</a> kostaldeko herri garrantzitsu eta ezaguna da. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etimologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Turku</i> izena antzinako ekialdeko eslavierazko <i>tǔrgǔ</i> izenetik dator eta "merkatu gunea" esan nahi du<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Suedierazko <i>Åbo</i> izenak "ibai ondoko bizilekua" esan nahi du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finlandiako herririk zaharrena da eta luzaroan hiririk handiena ere izan zen, XIX mendean Helsinkik populazioan gainditu zuen arte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erdi_Aroa">Erdi Aroa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erdi Aroa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Erdi Aroa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harri Aroko aztarnak aurkitu dira han; hala ere, lehen dokumentu idatziak 1229koak dira<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Urte hartan, Apezpikutegia oraingo herrigunera aldatu zen eta 1300ean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkuko_katedrala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkuko katedrala (sortu gabe)">Katedrala</a> sagaratu<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Erdi Aro guztian, Turkuko apezpikuak artean <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suediar Inperioaren</a> ekialdeko lurrak bere baitan hartzen zituen, Inperio guztiaren hedaduraren erdia, gutxi gorabehera. Hiriburu estatusik ez bazuen ere, Finlandiako dukeen egoitza izan zen. 1640an, Finlandiako lehen unibertsitatea sortu zen, Turkuko Errege Akademia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aro_modernoa">Aro modernoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aro modernoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Aro modernoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XIX mendearen hasieran <a href="/wiki/Finlandiako_Gerra" title="Finlandiako Gerra">Finlandiako Gerra</a> izan zen eta 1809. urtean Fredrikshamngo Itunean hala erabakita Finlandia <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusiaren</a> eskuetan gelditu zen. <a href="/wiki/Alexandro_I.a_Errusiakoa" title="Alexandro I.a Errusiakoa">Alexandro I.a Errusiakoak</a> Turku urruti zegoela iritzita <a href="/wiki/Finlandiako_Dukerri_Handia" title="Finlandiako Dukerri Handia">Finlandiako Dukerri Handiko</a> hiriburua Errusiatik gertuago egon zedin <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> eraikitzeko agindua eman zuen<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Turkuko_Sute_Handia" title="Turkuko Sute Handia">1827an izandako sute handi batek</a> ia erabat suntsitu zuen Turku. Helsinki planifikatu zuen arkitekto beraren esku gelditu zen Turkuren diseinua ere, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ludvig_Engel" title="Carl Ludvig Engel">Carl Ludvig Engel</a> arkitekto alemaniarra izan zen aukeratua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XX._mendea">XX. mendea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «XX. mendea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: XX. mendea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1918an, Åbo akademia sortu zen, Finlandian suedieraz irakasten den unibertsitate bakarra. 1920an, finlandierazko unibertsitatea sortu zen: bi-biak Finlandiako bigarren eta hirugarren unibertsitate zaharrenak dira. </p><p>XX. mendean zehar, Turku Finlandiako mendebalderako atea izan zen. <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholmekin</a> eta mendebaldeko hainbat herrialderekin komunikabide egokiak izanik, gorakada nabaria izan zuen. <a href="/wiki/Leningrado" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrado">Leningradorekin</a> senidetu zen mendebaldeko lehen hiria izan zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XXI_mendea">XXI mendea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «XXI mendea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: XXI mendea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2011n Turku <a href="/wiki/Europako_kultura-hiriburu" title="Europako kultura-hiriburu">Europako kultura-hiriburua</a> izan zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia_eta_klima">Geografia eta klima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geografia eta klima»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Geografia eta klima"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finlandiako hego-ekialdeko muturrean dago, <a href="/wiki/Aura_ibaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aura ibaia">Aura ibaiaren</a> bi ertzetan. Turku hiria eta <a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Baltiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Itsaso Baltiko">Itsaso Baltikoaren</a> artean uhartedi handi bat dago, 50.000 uharte inguru dituena eta <a href="/wiki/Uhartediaren_itsasoa" title="Uhartediaren itsasoa">Uhartediaren itsasoa</a> izenaz ezagutzen da. </p><p>Klimari dagokionez, kontinental hezea da, uda epelak ditu eta neguak hotzak dira, ohiko elurteekin. </p> <div style="width:75%"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; background:#a2a9b1; text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#eaecf0"> <th colspan="14" style="font-weight:bold">  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg/25px-Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg/38px-Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg/50px-Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span>   <big>Datu klimatikoak (Turku)</big>   <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg/25px-WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg/38px-WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg/50px-WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span>   </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eaecf0"> <th style="border-right-width:medium"> Hila  </th> <th abbr="Urtarrila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Urtarril">Urt</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Otsaila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Otsail">Ots</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Martxoa"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Martxo">Mar</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Apirila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Apiril">Api</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Maiatza"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Maiatz">Mai</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Ekaina"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Ekain">Eka</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Uztaila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Uztail">Uzt</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Abuztua"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Abuztu">Abu</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Iraila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Irail">Ira</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Urria"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Urri">Urr</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Azaroa"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Azaro">Aza</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Abendua"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Abendu">Abe</abbr>  </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium" abbr="Urtekoa"> Urtekoa  </th></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Erregistraturiko tenperatura maximoa (°C) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FFE3C7;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFD7B0;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10.2 </td> <td style="background:#FFB163;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">15.8 </td> <td style="background:#FF7500;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">24.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF4F00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">30.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF4100;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">32.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF2600;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35.9 </td> <td style="background:#FF4200;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">31.8 </td> <td style="background:#FF6100;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">27.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF9B38;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">18.9 </td> <td style="background:#FFD0A1;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11.3 </td> <td style="background:#FFD9B3;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10.0 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">' </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Batez besteko tenperatura maximoa (°C) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#DDDDFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-1.7 </td> <td style="background:#DBDBFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-2.1 </td> <td style="background:#F1F1FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">2.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFE1C3;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFB367;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">15.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF9730;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">19.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF8409;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">22.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF9022;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">20.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFB76F;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">14.9 </td> <td style="background:#FFE1C3;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8.8 </td> <td style="background:#F7F7FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">3.0 </td> <td style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-0.1 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FFDDBC;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>9.3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Batez besteko tenperatura (ºC) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#CFCFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-4.4 </td> <td style="background:#CACAFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-5.2 </td> <td style="background:#DEDEFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-1.6 </td> <td style="background:#FCFCFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">4.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFD7B0;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10.2 </td> <td style="background:#FFBA75;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">14.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFA54B;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">17.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFAF60;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">16.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFD2A6;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10.9 </td> <td style="background:#FFF5EB;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">5.9 </td> <td style="background:#EBEBFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0.8 </td> <td style="background:#D8D8FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-2.6 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FFF8F1;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>5.5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Batez besteko tenperatura minimoa (°C) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#BFBFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-7.3 </td> <td style="background:#BABAFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-8.3 </td> <td style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-4.9 </td> <td style="background:#E5E5FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-0.2 </td> <td style="background:#FFFCFA;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">4.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFDDBC;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9.3 </td> <td style="background:#FFC78F;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12.6 </td> <td style="background:#FFCE9D;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11.6 </td> <td style="background:#FFECD9;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">7.2 </td> <td style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">3.2 </td> <td style="background:#DEDEFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-1.6 </td> <td style="background:#C8C8FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-5.6 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#F0F0FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>1.7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Erregistraturiko tenperatura minimoa (°C) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#2A2AFF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-34.8 </td> <td style="background:#3535FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-32.9 </td> <td style="background:#6666FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-23.7 </td> <td style="background:#ABABFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-10.9 </td> <td style="background:#C7C7FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-5.8 </td> <td style="background:#DEDEFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-1.5 </td> <td style="background:#F0F0FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">1.8 </td> <td style="background:#E7E7FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">0.2 </td> <td style="background:#CACAFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-5.2 </td> <td style="background:#9595FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-15.0 </td> <td style="background:#7B7BFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-19.8 </td> <td style="background:#3030FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-33.8 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">' </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Pilatutako <a href="/wiki/Prezipitazio_(meteorologia)" title="Prezipitazio (meteorologia)">prezipitazioa</a> (mm) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#A1A1FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">61 </td> <td style="background:#BEBEFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">42 </td> <td style="background:#BCBCFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">43 </td> <td style="background:#CDCDFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">32 </td> <td style="background:#C2C2FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">39 </td> <td style="background:#A4A4FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">59 </td> <td style="background:#8585FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">79 </td> <td style="background:#8383FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">80 </td> <td style="background:#9C9CFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">64 </td> <td style="background:#8686FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">78 </td> <td style="background:#8989FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">76 </td> <td style="background:#9393FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">70 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#A2A2FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>723</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Prezipitazio egunak (≥ 1 mm) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#7272FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11 </td> <td style="background:#9999FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8 </td> <td style="background:#8C8CFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="background:#A5A5FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="background:#A5A5FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="background:#9999FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8 </td> <td style="background:#8C8CFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="background:#7272FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11 </td> <td style="background:#8C8CFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="background:#6666FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12 </td> <td style="background:#5959FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">13 </td> <td style="background:#6666FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#8585FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>116</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Eguzki orduak </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#4B4B4B;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">40 </td> <td style="background:#8D8D8D;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">75 </td> <td style="background:#BEBE2E;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">134 </td> <td style="background:#DADA00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">204 </td> <td style="background:#EDED07;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">284 </td> <td style="background:#EBEB03;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">276 </td> <td style="background:#EDED09;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">287 </td> <td style="background:#E0E000;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">230 </td> <td style="background:#C8C800;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">155 </td> <td style="background:#A8A8A8;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">89 </td> <td style="background:#474747;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">38 </td> <td style="background:#333333;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">27 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#B8B853;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>1839</b> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eaecf0"> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%"><i>Iturria: Climatological statistics for the normal period 1981–2010 <sup id="cite_ref-fmi.fi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fmi.fi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomia">Ekonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekonomia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hiriaren jarduera ekonomikoaren gune nagusia Turkuko itsasportua da. Honetaz gain Zientzia Parke garrantzitsua ere badu, bioteknologia eta teknologia berrietan aritzen diren 300 konpainia iguru biltzen dituena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kultura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kultura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hezkuntza">Hezkuntza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hezkuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Hezkuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hiru unibertsitate daude: <a href="/wiki/Turkuko_Unibertsitatea" title="Turkuko Unibertsitatea">Turkuko Unibertsitatea</a>, 1920an sortutakoa; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abo_Akademi_Unibertsitatea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abo Akademi Unibertsitatea (sortu gabe)">Åbo Akademi Unibertsitatea</a>, suedierazkoa eta 1918an sortua; eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkuko_Ekonomia_eta_Enpresa_zientzien_Goi_Eskola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkuko Ekonomia eta Enpresa zientzien Goi Eskola (sortu gabe)">Turkuko Ekonomia eta Enpresa zientzien Goi Eskola</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jaialdiak">Jaialdiak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jaialdiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Jaialdiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hainbat jaialdi ere izaten dira, garrantzitsuena "Erdi Aroko merkatua" da. Finlandiako "Gabonetako hiria" ere kontsideratzen da Turku. <i>Turkuko Musika Jaialdia</i> eta <i>Ruisrock</i> Rock Jaialdia <a href="/wiki/Eskandinabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskandinabia">Eskandinabiako</a> zaharrenetakoak dia. <i>Down by the Laituri</i> musika elektronikoaren jaialdia Europa iparraldeko handienetakoa da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europako_kultura-hiriburua">Europako kultura-hiriburua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Europako kultura-hiriburua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Europako kultura-hiriburua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2011n Turku <a href="/wiki/Europako_kultura-hiriburu" title="Europako kultura-hiriburu">Europako kultura-hiriburua</a> izan zen. Horrek bultzada handia eman zion hiriko bizitza kulturalari. Hainbat eskultura bitxi egin ziren: ezagunena "bitxilore" erraldoia da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirolak">Kirolak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kirolak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kirolak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hirian bi futbol talde daude: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turun_Palloseura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turun Palloseura (sortu gabe)">Turun Palloseura</a> (TPS): Finlandiako zortzi Liga eta hiru Kopa eskuratu ditu. Egun, ordea, bigarren mailan dihardu.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Inter_Turku" title="FC Inter Turku">FC Inter Turku</a>: 2008an Finlandiako liga irabazi zuen eta 2009an, Kopa.</li></ul> <p>Izotz hockeyak ere indar handia du eta bertako HC TPS taldea Finlandiako talde onenetakoa da: hamaika aldiz irabazi du Liga; halaber, 1994an Europako Kopa eta 1997an Europako Hockey Liga eta Superkopa irabazi zituen. </p><p>Bi kirolari ezagun jaio ziren han: <a href="/wiki/Paavo_Nurmi" title="Paavo Nurmi">Paavo Nurmi</a> atleta olinpikoa eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jarkko_Nieminen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jarkko Nieminen (sortu gabe)">Jarkko Nieminen</a>, Finlandiako tenislari onena. Lehenaren omenez, urtero <i>Paavo Nurmi Marathon</i> lasterketa antolatzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ondasun_nabariak">Ondasun nabariak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ondasun nabariak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Ondasun nabariak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkuko_gaztelua" title="Turkuko gaztelua">Turkuko gaztelua</a>: Finlandiako zaharrena, XIII. mendearen amaierakoa.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkuko_katedrala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkuko katedrala (sortu gabe)">Turkuko katedrala</a>: XIII. mendean eraikia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurjenrahka_Parke_Nazionala" title="Kurjenrahka Parke Nazionala">Kurjenrahka Parke Nazionala</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iruditegia">Iruditegia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Iruditegia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Iruditegia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turkucastle_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkuko gaztelua."><img alt="Turkuko gaztelua." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Turkucastle_edit.jpg/120px-Turkucastle_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Turkucastle_edit.jpg/180px-Turkucastle_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Turkucastle_edit.jpg/240px-Turkucastle_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3917" data-file-height="3141" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Turkuko_gaztelua" title="Turkuko gaztelua">Turkuko gaztelua</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turun_tuomiokirkko.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkuko katedrala."><img alt="Turkuko katedrala." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Turun_tuomiokirkko.jpg/74px-Turun_tuomiokirkko.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Turun_tuomiokirkko.jpg/111px-Turun_tuomiokirkko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Turun_tuomiokirkko.jpg/148px-Turun_tuomiokirkko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="3537" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkuko_katedrala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkuko katedrala (sortu gabe)">Turkuko katedrala</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arte museoa."><img alt="Arte museoa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg/120px-Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg/180px-Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg/240px-Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1882" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arte museoa.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turun_hovioikeus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Epaitegia."><img alt="Epaitegia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Turun_hovioikeus.jpg/120px-Turun_hovioikeus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Turun_hovioikeus.jpg/180px-Turun_hovioikeus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Turun_hovioikeus.jpg/240px-Turun_hovioikeus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Epaitegia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:L%C3%A4nsiranta,_ilta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aura ibaia."><img alt="Aura ibaia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/L%C3%A4nsiranta%2C_ilta.jpg/120px-L%C3%A4nsiranta%2C_ilta.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/L%C3%A4nsiranta%2C_ilta.jpg/250px-L%C3%A4nsiranta%2C_ilta.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aura ibaia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Savoj%C3%A4rvi_near_Kurjenpes%C3%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kurjenrahka Parke Nazionala."><img alt="Kurjenrahka Parke Nazionala." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Savoj%C3%A4rvi_near_Kurjenpes%C3%A4.jpg/120px-Savoj%C3%A4rvi_near_Kurjenpes%C3%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Savoj%C3%A4rvi_near_Kurjenpes%C3%A4.jpg/180px-Savoj%C3%A4rvi_near_Kurjenpes%C3%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Savoj%C3%A4rvi_near_Kurjenpes%C3%A4.jpg/240px-Savoj%C3%A4rvi_near_Kurjenpes%C3%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kurjenrahka_Parke_Nazionala" title="Kurjenrahka Parke Nazionala">Kurjenrahka Parke Nazionala</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herritar_ezagunak">Herritar ezagunak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Herritar ezagunak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Herritar ezagunak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Gadolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Gadolin (sortu gabe)">Johan Gadolin</a> (1760-1852), kimikaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Nurmi" title="Paavo Nurmi">Paavo Nurmi</a> (1897-1973), txapeldun olinpiar izandako atleta</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hiri_senidetuak">Hiri senidetuak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hiri senidetuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Hiri senidetuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6teborg" title="Göteborg">Göteborg</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a>)</span> (1946)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a>)</span> (1946)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a>)</span> (1946)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/San_Petersburgo" title="San Petersburgo">San Petersburgo</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a>)</span> (1953)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>)</span> (1958)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Varna" title="Varna">Varna</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>)</span> (1963)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Konstantza_(Errumania)" title="Konstantza (Errumania)">Konstantza (Errumania)</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Errumania" title="Errumania">Errumania</a>)</span> (1963)</li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kolonia_(Alemania)" title="Kolonia (Alemania)">Kolonia (Alemania)</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemania</a>)</span> (1967)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a>)</span> (1971)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Eslovakia" title="Eslovakia">Eslovakia</a>)</span> (1976)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Florentzia" title="Florentzia">Florentzia</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>)</span> (1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txina</a>)</span> (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>)</span> (2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Elbasan" title="Elbasan">Elbasan</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>)</span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katajala.net/keskiaika/suomi/kaupungit.html"><i>Keskiaika - Suomen kaupungit keskiajalla. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-11-24)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113003534/https://www.utu.fi/media/ajankohtaista/argumentit/AkiPihlman.html"><i>Varhainen Turku rakennettiin pellolle - Turun yliopisto. </i></a> 2009-01-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-11-24)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSpicer2012">Spicer, Andrew.  (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=GyErqszUsFYC&pg=PA314&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Lutheran Churches in Early Modern Europe. </i></a> Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780754665830" title="Berezi:BookSources/9780754665830">9780754665830</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-11-24)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinki200.fi/en/helsinki-1812-2012/1812-emperor-alexander-i-promotes-helsinki-capital-grand-duchy/"><i>8 April 1812 Emperor Alexander I promotes Helsinki to the capital of the Grand Duchy. | Helsinki 200 years as capital. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-11-24)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fmi.fi-5"><a href="#cite_ref-fmi.fi_5-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/normal-period-1981-2010"><i>Normal period 1981-2010. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 12 October 2012)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38511" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q38511">Q38511</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turku">Turku</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q38511%22">Q38511</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-244543122">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/244543122">244543122</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406481810">0000000406481810</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11946371g">11946371g</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11946371g">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4061256-9">4061256-9</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80035811">n80035811</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge243745">ge243745</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027418065">027418065</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Turku">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Lekuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Getty_Thesaurus_of_Geographic_Names" title="Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names">TGN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/7009962">7009962</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38511" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q38511">Q38511</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" 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margin-bottom: 0;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td> <th width="100%" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: #ccccff"><a href="/wiki/Europako_kultura_hiriburua" class="mw-redirect" title="Europako kultura hiriburua">Europako kultura-hiriburuak</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0.5em 1em; background:white"> <div> <p>1985 <a href="/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas">Atenas</a>  •  1986 <a href="/wiki/Florentzia" title="Florentzia">Florentzia</a>  •  1987 <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>  •  1988 <a href="/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Berlin" title="Mendebaldeko Berlin">Mendebaldeko Berlin</a>  •  1989 <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>  •  1990 <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>  •  1991 <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>  •  1992 <a href="/wiki/Madril" title="Madril">Madril</a>  •  1993 <a href="/wiki/Anberes" title="Anberes">Anberes</a>  •  1994 <a href="/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa">Lisboa</a>  •  1995 <a href="/wiki/Luxenburgo_(hiria)" title="Luxenburgo (hiria)">Luxenburgo hiria</a>  •  1996 <a href="/wiki/Kopenhage" title="Kopenhage">Kopenhage</a>  •  1997 <a href="/wiki/Tesalonika" title="Tesalonika">Tesalonika</a>  •  1998 <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>  •  1999 <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a>  •  2000 <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Brusela" title="Brusela">Brusela</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Krakovia" title="Krakovia">Krakovia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bolonia" title="Bolonia">Bolonia</a>  •  2001 <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>  •  2002 <a href="/wiki/Brujas" title="Brujas">Brujas</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>  •  2003 <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>  •  2004 <a href="/wiki/Genova" title="Genova">Genova</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>  •  2005 <a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a>  •  2006 <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>  •  2007 <a href="/wiki/Luxenburgo_(hiria)" title="Luxenburgo (hiria)">Luxenburgo hiria</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eskualde_Handia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eskualde Handia (sortu gabe)">Eskualde Handia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a>  •  2008 <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a>  •  2009 <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>  •  2010 <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a>  •  2011 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turku</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>  •  2012 <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a>  •  2013 <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Marseilla" title="Marseilla">Marseilla</a>  •  2014 <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>  •  2015 <a href="/wiki/Mons" title="Mons">Mons</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Plzeň">Plzeň/Pilsen</a>  •  2016 <a href="/wiki/Donostia" title="Donostia">Donostia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>  •  2017 <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Pafos" title="Pafos">Pafos</a>  •  2018 <a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Valletta" class="mw-redirect" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>  •  2019 <a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a> 2020-2021eko apirila <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a>  •  2022 <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>  •  2023 <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Eleusis" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a>  •  2024 <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8" title="Bodø">Bodø</a> 2025 <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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