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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" data-theme="light"><head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.lexico.com/definition/request","20220213194846","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1644781726"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>REQUEST | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com</title> <meta name="description" content="UK English definition of REQUEST along with additional meanings, example sentences, and ways to say."> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="REQUEST | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="UK English definition of REQUEST along with additional meanings, example sentences, and ways to say."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213194846im_/https://www.lexico.com/lexico-logo.png"> <meta property="og:title" content="REQUEST | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com"> <meta property="og:description" content="UK English definition of REQUEST along with additional meanings, example sentences, and ways to say."> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/definition/request"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Lexico Dictionaries | English"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213194846im_/https://www.lexico.com/lexico-logo.png"><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" name="viewport"/><meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"/><meta itemprop="copyrightHolder" content="Lexico Dictionaries"/><meta itemprop="copyrightYear" content="2022"/><meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en"/><meta itemprop="publisher" content="Lexico Dictionaries"/><meta itemprop="daisy-page-name" content="serp-uk"/><link href="https://www.lexico.com" rel="publisher"/><link href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/opensearch/en_dictionary.xml" rel="search" title="Lexico UK Dictionary search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"/><link href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/opensearch/noad.xml" rel="search" title="Lexico US Dictionary search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"/><link href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/opensearch/thesaurus.xml" rel="search" title="Lexico Synonyms search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"/><link href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/opensearch/en_grammar.xml" rel="search" title="Lexico English Grammar search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"/><link href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/opensearch/es_dictionary.xml" rel="search" title="Lexico Spanish search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"/><link href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/opensearch/to_english.xml" rel="search" title="Lexico Spanish - English search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"/><link href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/opensearch/from_english.xml" rel="search" title="Lexico English - Spanish search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"/><link href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/opensearch/es_grammar.xml" rel="search" title="Lexico Spanish Grammar search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"/><script>/** * Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved. * * Licensed under the W3C SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENT NOTICE AND LICENSE. * * https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document * */ (function() { 'use strict'; // Exit early if we're not running in a browser. if (typeof window !== 'object') { return; } // Exit early if all IntersectionObserver and IntersectionObserverEntry // features are natively supported. if ('IntersectionObserver' in window && 'IntersectionObserverEntry' in window && 'intersectionRatio' in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype) { // Minimal polyfill for Edge 15's lack of `isIntersecting` // See: https://github.com/w3c/IntersectionObserver/issues/211 if (!('isIntersecting' in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype)) { Object.defineProperty(window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype, 'isIntersecting', { get: function () { return this.intersectionRatio > 0; } }); } return; } /** * Returns the embedding frame element, if any. * @param {!Document} doc * @return {!Element} */ function getFrameElement(doc) { try { return doc.defaultView && doc.defaultView.frameElement || null; } catch (e) { // Ignore the error. return null; } } /** * A local reference to the root document. */ var document = (function(startDoc) { var doc = startDoc; var frame = getFrameElement(doc); while (frame) { doc = frame.ownerDocument; frame = getFrameElement(doc); } return doc; })(window.document); /** * An IntersectionObserver registry. This registry exists to hold a strong * reference to IntersectionObserver instances currently observing a target * element. Without this registry, instances without another reference may be * garbage collected. */ var registry = []; /** * The signal updater for cross-origin intersection. When not null, it means * that the polyfill is configured to work in a cross-origin mode. * @type {function(DOMRect|ClientRect, DOMRect|ClientRect)} */ var crossOriginUpdater = null; /** * The current cross-origin intersection. Only used in the cross-origin mode. * @type {DOMRect|ClientRect} */ var crossOriginRect = null; /** * Creates the global IntersectionObserverEntry constructor. * https://w3c.github.io/IntersectionObserver/#intersection-observer-entry * @param {Object} entry A dictionary of instance properties. * @constructor */ function IntersectionObserverEntry(entry) { this.time = entry.time; this.target = entry.target; this.rootBounds = ensureDOMRect(entry.rootBounds); this.boundingClientRect = ensureDOMRect(entry.boundingClientRect); this.intersectionRect = ensureDOMRect(entry.intersectionRect || getEmptyRect()); this.isIntersecting = !!entry.intersectionRect; // Calculates the intersection ratio. var targetRect = this.boundingClientRect; var targetArea = targetRect.width * targetRect.height; var intersectionRect = this.intersectionRect; var intersectionArea = intersectionRect.width * intersectionRect.height; // Sets intersection ratio. if (targetArea) { // Round the intersection ratio to avoid floating point math issues: // https://github.com/w3c/IntersectionObserver/issues/324 this.intersectionRatio = Number((intersectionArea / targetArea).toFixed(4)); } else { // If area is zero and is intersecting, sets to 1, otherwise to 0 this.intersectionRatio = this.isIntersecting ? 1 : 0; } } /** * Creates the global IntersectionObserver constructor. * https://w3c.github.io/IntersectionObserver/#intersection-observer-interface * @param {Function} callback The function to be invoked after intersection * changes have queued. The function is not invoked if the queue has * been emptied by calling the `takeRecords` method. * @param {Object=} opt_options Optional configuration options. * @constructor */ function IntersectionObserver(callback, opt_options) { var options = opt_options || {}; if (typeof callback != 'function') { throw new Error('callback must be a function'); } if ( options.root && options.root.nodeType != 1 && options.root.nodeType != 9 ) { throw new Error('root must be a Document or Element'); } // Binds and throttles `this._checkForIntersections`. this._checkForIntersections = throttle( this._checkForIntersections.bind(this), this.THROTTLE_TIMEOUT); // Private properties. this._callback = callback; this._observationTargets = []; this._queuedEntries = []; this._rootMarginValues = this._parseRootMargin(options.rootMargin); // Public properties. this.thresholds = this._initThresholds(options.threshold); this.root = options.root || null; this.rootMargin = this._rootMarginValues.map(function(margin) { return margin.value + margin.unit; }).join(' '); /** @private @const {!Array<!Document>} */ this._monitoringDocuments = []; /** @private @const {!Array<function()>} */ this._monitoringUnsubscribes = []; } /** * The minimum interval within which the document will be checked for * intersection changes. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.THROTTLE_TIMEOUT = 100; /** * The frequency in which the polyfill polls for intersection changes. * this can be updated on a per instance basis and must be set prior to * calling `observe` on the first target. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.POLL_INTERVAL = null; /** * Use a mutation observer on the root element * to detect intersection changes. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.USE_MUTATION_OBSERVER = true; /** * Sets up the polyfill in the cross-origin mode. The result is the * updater function that accepts two arguments: `boundingClientRect` and * `intersectionRect` - just as these fields would be available to the * parent via `IntersectionObserverEntry`. This function should be called * each time the iframe receives intersection information from the parent * window, e.g. via messaging. * @return {function(DOMRect|ClientRect, DOMRect|ClientRect)} */ IntersectionObserver._setupCrossOriginUpdater = function() { if (!crossOriginUpdater) { /** * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} boundingClientRect * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} intersectionRect */ crossOriginUpdater = function(boundingClientRect, intersectionRect) { if (!boundingClientRect || !intersectionRect) { crossOriginRect = getEmptyRect(); } else { crossOriginRect = convertFromParentRect(boundingClientRect, intersectionRect); } registry.forEach(function(observer) { observer._checkForIntersections(); }); }; } return crossOriginUpdater; }; /** * Resets the cross-origin mode. */ IntersectionObserver._resetCrossOriginUpdater = function() { crossOriginUpdater = null; crossOriginRect = null; }; /** * Starts observing a target element for intersection changes based on * the thresholds values. * @param {Element} target The DOM element to observe. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.observe = function(target) { var isTargetAlreadyObserved = this._observationTargets.some(function(item) { return item.element == target; }); if (isTargetAlreadyObserved) { return; } if (!(target && target.nodeType == 1)) { throw new Error('target must be an Element'); } this._registerInstance(); this._observationTargets.push({element: target, entry: null}); this._monitorIntersections(target.ownerDocument); this._checkForIntersections(); }; /** * Stops observing a target element for intersection changes. * @param {Element} target The DOM element to observe. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.unobserve = function(target) { this._observationTargets = this._observationTargets.filter(function(item) { return item.element != target; }); this._unmonitorIntersections(target.ownerDocument); if (this._observationTargets.length == 0) { this._unregisterInstance(); } }; /** * Stops observing all target elements for intersection changes. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.disconnect = function() { this._observationTargets = []; this._unmonitorAllIntersections(); this._unregisterInstance(); }; /** * Returns any queue entries that have not yet been reported to the * callback and clears the queue. This can be used in conjunction with the * callback to obtain the absolute most up-to-date intersection information. * @return {Array} The currently queued entries. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.takeRecords = function() { var records = this._queuedEntries.slice(); this._queuedEntries = []; return records; }; /** * Accepts the threshold value from the user configuration object and * returns a sorted array of unique threshold values. If a value is not * between 0 and 1 and error is thrown. * @private * @param {Array|number=} opt_threshold An optional threshold value or * a list of threshold values, defaulting to [0]. * @return {Array} A sorted list of unique and valid threshold values. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._initThresholds = function(opt_threshold) { var threshold = opt_threshold || [0]; if (!Array.isArray(threshold)) threshold = [threshold]; return threshold.sort().filter(function(t, i, a) { if (typeof t != 'number' || isNaN(t) || t < 0 || t > 1) { throw new Error('threshold must be a number between 0 and 1 inclusively'); } return t !== a[i - 1]; }); }; /** * Accepts the rootMargin value from the user configuration object * and returns an array of the four margin values as an object containing * the value and unit properties. If any of the values are not properly * formatted or use a unit other than px or %, and error is thrown. * @private * @param {string=} opt_rootMargin An optional rootMargin value, * defaulting to '0px'. * @return {Array<Object>} An array of margin objects with the keys * value and unit. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._parseRootMargin = function(opt_rootMargin) { var marginString = opt_rootMargin || '0px'; var margins = marginString.split(/\s+/).map(function(margin) { var parts = /^(-?\d*\.?\d+)(px|%)$/.exec(margin); if (!parts) { throw new Error('rootMargin must be specified in pixels or percent'); } return {value: parseFloat(parts[1]), unit: parts[2]}; }); // Handles shorthand. margins[1] = margins[1] || margins[0]; margins[2] = margins[2] || margins[0]; margins[3] = margins[3] || margins[1]; return margins; }; /** * Starts polling for intersection changes if the polling is not already * happening, and if the page's visibility state is visible. * @param {!Document} doc * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._monitorIntersections = function(doc) { var win = doc.defaultView; if (!win) { // Already destroyed. return; } if (this._monitoringDocuments.indexOf(doc) != -1) { // Already monitoring. return; } // Private state for monitoring. var callback = this._checkForIntersections; var monitoringInterval = null; var domObserver = null; // If a poll interval is set, use polling instead of listening to // resize and scroll events or DOM mutations. if (this.POLL_INTERVAL) { monitoringInterval = win.setInterval(callback, this.POLL_INTERVAL); } else { addEvent(win, 'resize', callback, true); addEvent(doc, 'scroll', callback, true); if (this.USE_MUTATION_OBSERVER && 'MutationObserver' in win) { domObserver = new win.MutationObserver(callback); domObserver.observe(doc, { attributes: true, childList: true, characterData: true, subtree: true }); } } this._monitoringDocuments.push(doc); this._monitoringUnsubscribes.push(function() { // Get the window object again. When a friendly iframe is destroyed, it // will be null. var win = doc.defaultView; if (win) { if (monitoringInterval) { win.clearInterval(monitoringInterval); } removeEvent(win, 'resize', callback, true); } removeEvent(doc, 'scroll', callback, true); if (domObserver) { domObserver.disconnect(); } }); // Also monitor the parent. var rootDoc = (this.root && (this.root.ownerDocument || this.root)) || document; if (doc != rootDoc) { var frame = getFrameElement(doc); if (frame) { this._monitorIntersections(frame.ownerDocument); } } }; /** * Stops polling for intersection changes. * @param {!Document} doc * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._unmonitorIntersections = function(doc) { var index = this._monitoringDocuments.indexOf(doc); if (index == -1) { return; } var rootDoc = (this.root && (this.root.ownerDocument || this.root)) || document; // Check if any dependent targets are still remaining. var hasDependentTargets = this._observationTargets.some(function(item) { var itemDoc = item.element.ownerDocument; // Target is in this context. if (itemDoc == doc) { return true; } // Target is nested in this context. while (itemDoc && itemDoc != rootDoc) { var frame = getFrameElement(itemDoc); itemDoc = frame && frame.ownerDocument; if (itemDoc == doc) { return true; } } return false; }); if (hasDependentTargets) { return; } // Unsubscribe. var unsubscribe = this._monitoringUnsubscribes[index]; this._monitoringDocuments.splice(index, 1); this._monitoringUnsubscribes.splice(index, 1); unsubscribe(); // Also unmonitor the parent. if (doc != rootDoc) { var frame = getFrameElement(doc); if (frame) { this._unmonitorIntersections(frame.ownerDocument); } } }; /** * Stops polling for intersection changes. * @param {!Document} doc * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._unmonitorAllIntersections = function() { var unsubscribes = this._monitoringUnsubscribes.slice(0); this._monitoringDocuments.length = 0; this._monitoringUnsubscribes.length = 0; for (var i = 0; i < unsubscribes.length; i++) { unsubscribes[i](); } }; /** * Scans each observation target for intersection changes and adds them * to the internal entries queue. If new entries are found, it * schedules the callback to be invoked. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._checkForIntersections = function() { if (!this.root && crossOriginUpdater && !crossOriginRect) { // Cross origin monitoring, but no initial data available yet. return; } var rootIsInDom = this._rootIsInDom(); var rootRect = rootIsInDom ? this._getRootRect() : getEmptyRect(); this._observationTargets.forEach(function(item) { var target = item.element; var targetRect = getBoundingClientRect(target); var rootContainsTarget = this._rootContainsTarget(target); var oldEntry = item.entry; var intersectionRect = rootIsInDom && rootContainsTarget && this._computeTargetAndRootIntersection(target, targetRect, rootRect); var rootBounds = null; if (!this._rootContainsTarget(target)) { rootBounds = getEmptyRect(); } else if (!crossOriginUpdater || this.root) { rootBounds = rootRect; } var newEntry = item.entry = new IntersectionObserverEntry({ time: now(), target: target, boundingClientRect: targetRect, rootBounds: rootBounds, intersectionRect: intersectionRect }); if (!oldEntry) { this._queuedEntries.push(newEntry); } else if (rootIsInDom && rootContainsTarget) { // If the new entry intersection ratio has crossed any of the // thresholds, add a new entry. if (this._hasCrossedThreshold(oldEntry, newEntry)) { this._queuedEntries.push(newEntry); } } else { // If the root is not in the DOM or target is not contained within // root but the previous entry for this target had an intersection, // add a new record indicating removal. if (oldEntry && oldEntry.isIntersecting) { this._queuedEntries.push(newEntry); } } }, this); if (this._queuedEntries.length) { this._callback(this.takeRecords(), this); } }; /** * Accepts a target and root rect computes the intersection between then * following the algorithm in the spec. * TODO(philipwalton): at this time clip-path is not considered. * https://w3c.github.io/IntersectionObserver/#calculate-intersection-rect-algo * @param {Element} target The target DOM element * @param {Object} targetRect The bounding rect of the target. * @param {Object} rootRect The bounding rect of the root after being * expanded by the rootMargin value. * @return {?Object} The final intersection rect object or undefined if no * intersection is found. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._computeTargetAndRootIntersection = function(target, targetRect, rootRect) { // If the element isn't displayed, an intersection can't happen. if (window.getComputedStyle(target).display == 'none') return; var intersectionRect = targetRect; var parent = getParentNode(target); var atRoot = false; while (!atRoot && parent) { var parentRect = null; var parentComputedStyle = parent.nodeType == 1 ? window.getComputedStyle(parent) : {}; // If the parent isn't displayed, an intersection can't happen. if (parentComputedStyle.display == 'none') return null; if (parent == this.root || parent.nodeType == /* DOCUMENT */ 9) { atRoot = true; if (parent == this.root || parent == document) { if (crossOriginUpdater && !this.root) { if (!crossOriginRect || crossOriginRect.width == 0 && crossOriginRect.height == 0) { // A 0-size cross-origin intersection means no-intersection. parent = null; parentRect = null; intersectionRect = null; } else { parentRect = crossOriginRect; } } else { parentRect = rootRect; } } else { // Check if there's a frame that can be navigated to. var frame = getParentNode(parent); var frameRect = frame && getBoundingClientRect(frame); var frameIntersect = frame && this._computeTargetAndRootIntersection(frame, frameRect, rootRect); if (frameRect && frameIntersect) { parent = frame; parentRect = convertFromParentRect(frameRect, frameIntersect); } else { parent = null; intersectionRect = null; } } } else { // If the element has a non-visible overflow, and it's not the <body> // or <html> element, update the intersection rect. // Note: <body> and <html> cannot be clipped to a rect that's not also // the document rect, so no need to compute a new intersection. var doc = parent.ownerDocument; if (parent != doc.body && parent != doc.documentElement && parentComputedStyle.overflow != 'visible') { parentRect = getBoundingClientRect(parent); } } // If either of the above conditionals set a new parentRect, // calculate new intersection data. if (parentRect) { intersectionRect = computeRectIntersection(parentRect, intersectionRect); } if (!intersectionRect) break; parent = parent && getParentNode(parent); } return intersectionRect; }; /** * Returns the root rect after being expanded by the rootMargin value. * @return {ClientRect} The expanded root rect. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._getRootRect = function() { var rootRect; if (this.root && !isDoc(this.root)) { rootRect = getBoundingClientRect(this.root); } else { // Use <html>/<body> instead of window since scroll bars affect size. var doc = isDoc(this.root) ? this.root : document; var html = doc.documentElement; var body = doc.body; rootRect = { top: 0, left: 0, right: html.clientWidth || body.clientWidth, width: html.clientWidth || body.clientWidth, bottom: html.clientHeight || body.clientHeight, height: html.clientHeight || body.clientHeight }; } return this._expandRectByRootMargin(rootRect); }; /** * Accepts a rect and expands it by the rootMargin value. * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} rect The rect object to expand. * @return {ClientRect} The expanded rect. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._expandRectByRootMargin = function(rect) { var margins = this._rootMarginValues.map(function(margin, i) { return margin.unit == 'px' ? margin.value : margin.value * (i % 2 ? rect.width : rect.height) / 100; }); var newRect = { top: rect.top - margins[0], right: rect.right + margins[1], bottom: rect.bottom + margins[2], left: rect.left - margins[3] }; newRect.width = newRect.right - newRect.left; newRect.height = newRect.bottom - newRect.top; return newRect; }; /** * Accepts an old and new entry and returns true if at least one of the * threshold values has been crossed. * @param {?IntersectionObserverEntry} oldEntry The previous entry for a * particular target element or null if no previous entry exists. * @param {IntersectionObserverEntry} newEntry The current entry for a * particular target element. * @return {boolean} Returns true if a any threshold has been crossed. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._hasCrossedThreshold = function(oldEntry, newEntry) { // To make comparing easier, an entry that has a ratio of 0 // but does not actually intersect is given a value of -1 var oldRatio = oldEntry && oldEntry.isIntersecting ? oldEntry.intersectionRatio || 0 : -1; var newRatio = newEntry.isIntersecting ? newEntry.intersectionRatio || 0 : -1; // Ignore unchanged ratios if (oldRatio === newRatio) return; for (var i = 0; i < this.thresholds.length; i++) { var threshold = this.thresholds[i]; // Return true if an entry matches a threshold or if the new ratio // and the old ratio are on the opposite sides of a threshold. if (threshold == oldRatio || threshold == newRatio || threshold < oldRatio !== threshold < newRatio) { return true; } } }; /** * Returns whether or not the root element is an element and is in the DOM. * @return {boolean} True if the root element is an element and is in the DOM. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._rootIsInDom = function() { return !this.root || containsDeep(document, this.root); }; /** * Returns whether or not the target element is a child of root. * @param {Element} target The target element to check. * @return {boolean} True if the target element is a child of root. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._rootContainsTarget = function(target) { var rootDoc = (this.root && (this.root.ownerDocument || this.root)) || document; return ( containsDeep(rootDoc, target) && (!this.root || rootDoc == target.ownerDocument) ); }; /** * Adds the instance to the global IntersectionObserver registry if it isn't * already present. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._registerInstance = function() { if (registry.indexOf(this) < 0) { registry.push(this); } }; /** * Removes the instance from the global IntersectionObserver registry. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._unregisterInstance = function() { var index = registry.indexOf(this); if (index != -1) registry.splice(index, 1); }; /** * Returns the result of the performance.now() method or null in browsers * that don't support the API. * @return {number} The elapsed time since the page was requested. */ function now() { return window.performance && performance.now && performance.now(); } /** * Throttles a function and delays its execution, so it's only called at most * once within a given time period. * @param {Function} fn The function to throttle. * @param {number} timeout The amount of time that must pass before the * function can be called again. * @return {Function} The throttled function. */ function throttle(fn, timeout) { var timer = null; return function () { if (!timer) { timer = setTimeout(function() { fn(); timer = null; }, timeout); } }; } /** * Adds an event handler to a DOM node ensuring cross-browser compatibility. * @param {Node} node The DOM node to add the event handler to. * @param {string} event The event name. * @param {Function} fn The event handler to add. * @param {boolean} opt_useCapture Optionally adds the even to the capture * phase. Note: this only works in modern browsers. */ function addEvent(node, event, fn, opt_useCapture) { if (typeof node.addEventListener == 'function') { node.addEventListener(event, fn, opt_useCapture || false); } else if (typeof node.attachEvent == 'function') { node.attachEvent('on' + event, fn); } } /** * Removes a previously added event handler from a DOM node. * @param {Node} node The DOM node to remove the event handler from. * @param {string} event The event name. * @param {Function} fn The event handler to remove. * @param {boolean} opt_useCapture If the event handler was added with this * flag set to true, it should be set to true here in order to remove it. */ function removeEvent(node, event, fn, opt_useCapture) { if (typeof node.removeEventListener == 'function') { node.removeEventListener(event, fn, opt_useCapture || false); } else if (typeof node.detatchEvent == 'function') { node.detatchEvent('on' + event, fn); } } /** * Returns the intersection between two rect objects. * @param {Object} rect1 The first rect. * @param {Object} rect2 The second rect. * @return {?Object|?ClientRect} The intersection rect or undefined if no * intersection is found. */ function computeRectIntersection(rect1, rect2) { var top = Math.max(rect1.top, rect2.top); var bottom = Math.min(rect1.bottom, rect2.bottom); var left = Math.max(rect1.left, rect2.left); var right = Math.min(rect1.right, rect2.right); var width = right - left; var height = bottom - top; return (width >= 0 && height >= 0) && { top: top, bottom: bottom, left: left, right: right, width: width, height: height } || null; } /** * Shims the native getBoundingClientRect for compatibility with older IE. * @param {Element} el The element whose bounding rect to get. * @return {DOMRect|ClientRect} The (possibly shimmed) rect of the element. */ function getBoundingClientRect(el) { var rect; try { rect = el.getBoundingClientRect(); } catch (err) { // Ignore Windows 7 IE11 "Unspecified error" // https://github.com/w3c/IntersectionObserver/pull/205 } if (!rect) return getEmptyRect(); // Older IE if (!(rect.width && rect.height)) { rect = { top: rect.top, right: rect.right, bottom: rect.bottom, left: rect.left, width: rect.right - rect.left, height: rect.bottom - rect.top }; } return rect; } /** * Returns an empty rect object. An empty rect is returned when an element * is not in the DOM. * @return {ClientRect} The empty rect. */ function getEmptyRect() { return { top: 0, bottom: 0, left: 0, right: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }; } /** * Ensure that the result has all of the necessary fields of the DOMRect. * Specifically this ensures that `x` and `y` fields are set. * * @param {?DOMRect|?ClientRect} rect * @return {?DOMRect} */ function ensureDOMRect(rect) { // A `DOMRect` object has `x` and `y` fields. if (!rect || 'x' in rect) { return rect; } // A IE's `ClientRect` type does not have `x` and `y`. The same is the case // for internally calculated Rect objects. For the purposes of // `IntersectionObserver`, it's sufficient to simply mirror `left` and `top` // for these fields. return { top: rect.top, y: rect.top, bottom: rect.bottom, left: rect.left, x: rect.left, right: rect.right, width: rect.width, height: rect.height }; } /** * Inverts the intersection and bounding rect from the parent (frame) BCR to * the local BCR space. * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} parentBoundingRect The parent's bound client rect. * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} parentIntersectionRect The parent's own intersection rect. * @return {ClientRect} The local root bounding rect for the parent's children. */ function convertFromParentRect(parentBoundingRect, parentIntersectionRect) { var top = parentIntersectionRect.top - parentBoundingRect.top; var left = parentIntersectionRect.left - parentBoundingRect.left; return { top: top, left: left, height: parentIntersectionRect.height, width: parentIntersectionRect.width, bottom: top + parentIntersectionRect.height, right: left + 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class="kBoxContent"><ul><li><span>à</span></li><li><span>á</span></li><li><span>â</span></li><li><span>ä</span></li><li><span>ã</span></li><li><span>ă</span></li><li><span>ā</span></li><li><span>ç</span></li><li><span>č</span></li><li><span>è</span></li><li><span>é</span></li><li><span>ê</span></li><li><span>ë</span></li><li><span>ē</span></li><li><span>ģ</span></li><li><span>ì</span></li><li><span>í</span></li><li><span>î</span></li><li><span>ï</span></li><li><span>ī</span></li><li><span>ķ</span></li><li><span>ļ</span></li><li><span>ñ</span></li><li><span>ň</span></li><li><span>ņ</span></li><li><span>ò</span></li><li><span>ó</span></li><li><span>ô</span></li><li><span>ö</span></li><li><span>õ</span></li><li><span>ş</span></li><li><span>š</span></li><li><span>ţ</span></li><li><span>ù</span></li><li><span>ú</span></li><li><span>û</span></li><li><span>ü</span></li><li><span>ū</span></li><li><span>ý</span></li><li><span>ž</span></li><li><span>æ</span></li><li><span>œ</span></li><li><span>ß</span></li></ul><i 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23.646h-3.431v-10.316h3.431v10.316m-1.716-11.726h-.022c-1.151 0-1.895-.793-1.895-1.783 0-1.012.768-1.783 1.939-1.783 1.174 0 1.896.771 1.918 1.783 0 .99-.744 1.783-1.94 1.783m14.08 11.726h-3.43v-5.52c0-1.387-.496-2.333-1.738-2.333-.946 0-1.512.64-1.76 1.255-.091.221-.113.525-.113.836v5.762h-3.429c0 0 .044-9.349 0-10.316h3.429v1.461c.457-.705 1.271-1.703 3.092-1.703 2.256 0 3.949 1.473 3.949 4.642v5.916"/></g></svg></i></a></li> </ul></div> <h2 class="hwg"><span class="hw" data-headword-id="request" id="m_en_gbus0863910">request<sup></sup></span></h2><div class="hwg"><div class="entryGroup" id="h70010434529120"><h3 class="pronunciations">Pronunciation <a class="ipaLink" href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/grammar/key-to-pronunciation" title="Key to pronunciations"></a><span class="phoneticspelling">/rɪˈkwɛst/</span> <a class="speaker" onclick="this.firstElementChild.play();"><audio src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213194846im_/https://lex-audio.useremarkable.com/mp3/request__gb_1.mp3" preload="none"></audio></a></h3></div></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/synonyms/request">See synonyms for request</a><p class="associatedTranslation">Translate <a href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/en-es/translate/request">request</a> into Spanish</p></header></div><section class="gramb"><h3 class="ps pos"><span class="pos">noun</span></h3><span class="transitivity"></span><ul class="semb"><li><div class="trg"><div class="sense-inflection"></div><p><span class="iteration">1</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="[]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">An act of asking politely or formally for something.</span></p><span class="indicators"></span><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquoa","informationrsquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘a request for information’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘the club's excursion was postponed at the request of some of the members’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The funds raised remain in the specific country and when funds are required for an operation of a patient, then the company formally sends in a request for funds.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The company expects to receive a formal request for documents or a subpoena in the next few days.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘If you haven't received something from an institution for some time, it may mean your request for change of address may not have been processed.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘According to Raoof, many of the features introduced into DB2 are either at the request of application vendors or in anticipation of requirements they may have.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘At the request of the Russian prosecutors, the Swiss authorities have also recently frozen $5bn in bank accounts belonging to Khodorkovsky and his associates.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Persons 16 years and older can make an advance ‘written statement containing a request for termination of life’ which the physician may carry out.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Yet last year, at the request of the police, the film was banned from being shown in Turkey, which gives some indication of just how politically sensitive the Kurdish question was there at that time.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘At the time of going to print, I haven't received an answer from the Chancellor to my request for Council to abide by the simple rules of natural justice and set fees in term time.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It may have been that the request for the gun discouraged them, or it may have been for other reasons, but in their wisdom they never appeared.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A few days later, Turkey officially approached its other NATO partners with a request for more help.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘At the request of a third party, Lucire interviewed 319 patients in litigation over arm pain.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Were these alterations by Holbein, at More's request, or by Lockey, at the request of More's descendants?’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Guo's wife said in a deposition that ‘the underground bank was opened at the request of aunt in Fujian Province,’ they said.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The feeling of paranoia is strong throughout while the scenes relating to the request for political asylum are chilling in the current, particularly given the current political climate of intolerance.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘‘Indeed, at the request of the liquidator, we are preparing an account of the situation and will have a surplus to hand over to him, we think,’ he said.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The group filed a request for safeguards in February over imports from China and Vietnam, leading the ministry to conduct a six-month probe into whether to impose the restriction.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A ninth lane is being added to the running track at the request of international athletes, and a media zone is being created.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘For instance, they took care to include materials recycling in the construction request for proposals.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A seller accepted their offer to buy a house, but agents representing name-brand insurance companies rejected their request for insurance.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A group representing the company's 300 pensioners has been refused a request for a meeting with management and told that they will not get any shares in the floated company.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">appeal</strong><span class="syn">, entreaty, plea, petition, solicitation, supplication, prayer, invocation</span></div><div><strong class="syn">bidding</strong><span class="syn">, asking, entreaty, pleading, solicitation, petitioning, supplication, begging</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/synonyms/request">View synonyms</a></div></div><ol class="subSenses"><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.1</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="[]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">A thing that is asked for.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquoto","requestrsquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘to have our ideas taken seriously is surely a reasonable request’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘These are reasonable requests, as Stursberg genially points out, but when he first raised the issue, some film-makers thought he was asking them to walk on water.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Though admittedly this was not a breakthrough idea, it was a reasonable request, so Smith's office worked with the airman to implement a solution.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘How could Congress reject such a reasonable request?’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Either way, the landlord will probably want the right to review the person you pick, and that is a reasonable request.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘She begins to curse the summoner for his unfair request, saying that she would like to give his body to the devil.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Their reasons for making a request don't even come into it and requests are only refused if they have a clear, negative impact on the business.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Whether autumn brings these requests to an end altogether, or the appeal changes to ‘let's enjoy winter together doing nanpa!’’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘All of these assignments and requests for prayer are done through the Internet.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The Human Rights Commission has turned down a request by Murphy to attend his appeal as an observer.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A request has to be made with reason given before the principal grants permission.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘But employers can refuse the request if they have a clear business reason for objecting.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Why do the inhabitants of the future grant the man's request when they surely know what will happen to him when he returns to his past?’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘He pretends to comply with Tamora's request and summons his son Lucius to his house, but he also offers to arrange for a banquet to entertain his guests.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">requirement</strong><span class="syn">, wish, want, desire</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/synonyms/request">View synonyms</a></div></div></li><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.2</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="[]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">An instruction to a computer to provide information or perform another function.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquothe","processesrsquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘the computer is busy servicing requests from other processes’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘The tricky part, explains Hsu, is making sure that every information request made by a Web page is routed through SafeWeb's secure servers.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Next up an embarrassed apology of sorts as I inadvertently hit the update button on my address book filer program as a result it sprang into action issuing obscure requests and information v-cards to all and sundry.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘However, it had to be done while processing requests for data and processing other users who were submitting data for analysis.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Lipsky realized that the same sequence of electronic requests and deliveries could be used to track a browser after it clicks on an ad and gets linked to an advertiser's Web site.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘If not, the request is passed to another neighbor that the first computer doesn't know about.’</em></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.3</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="[]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">A tune or song played on a radio programme, typically accompanied by a personal message, in response to a listener's request.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquolisteners","differencersquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘Listeners' requests may or may not have made a difference.’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘It was initially leaked to a US radio station earlier this year, and listeners immediately flooded Djs with requests to hear it.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘In the spirit of trying to personalize the listening experience, both XM and Sirius have made it possible for people to contact DJs and programmers with feedback and requests.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘These requests prompt the repetitive playing of a singer's song, which is the goal of promotion.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Within the first three days of them trying the song, it was already Top Five for requests on the phones.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A live disc jockey, on air from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. eastern time, will take e-mail requests and conduct interviews with prominent women.’</em></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.4</span><span class="sense-registers"> archaic </span><span class="grammatical_note">mass noun</span> <span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="[]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">The state of being sought after.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘human intelligence, which is in constant request in a family’</em></li></ul></div></div></li></ol></div></li></ul></section><section class="gramb"><h3 class="ps pos"><span class="pos">verb</span></h3><span class="transitivity"><span class="neutral">[</span>with object<span class="neutral">]</span></span><ul class="semb"><li><div class="trg"><div class="sense-inflection"></div><p><span class="iteration">1</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="[]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">Politely or formally ask for.</span></p><span class="indicators"></span><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquohe","requestedrsquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘he received the information he had requested’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘the chairman requested that the reports be considered’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘So he sends an e-mail to both his customer marketing manager and his category management analyst requesting information from their recent consumer segmentation research about marketing to moms and gatekeepers.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘But he said the reduction in the extra time available to local authorities to decide on an application after requesting additional information had serious staffing implications.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Lawyers in the Caymans say that if the Irish inspectors are requesting the information as a result of an investigation into tax evasion, the legal framework will not allow the disclosure of information.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘In March 1872, the United States Senate passed a resolution requesting information from the Department of War on the progress of the survey.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘When the story was being written, Mr. Scolamiero did not return repeated Dance Magazine phone calls requesting information.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The watchdog has written to a number of manufacturers and retailers requesting information about the issue.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘More information will be requested if the company is of interest.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The Barron Inquiry has no powers to request information or compliance with the inquiry, and is entirely dependent on the voluntary co-operation of others.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘If not, then it is up to you to request this information.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The first step in becoming certified is to request an application/information package.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘As soon as you establish confidentiality, you should request financial information.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Sitting back down, Brock politely requests a tube of Super Glue.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘More tellingly, in the case of Finnegan, the auctioneer requested his Jersey solicitors to give him a new name as one of the stated owners of Canio.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Mobile phone records and utility bills might also be requested in order to establish whether the residency laws were observed.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Your employer may have special forms that you must complete in order to request a loan.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Valtemand reports finally that Norway requests peaceful passage through Denmark in order to reach Poland.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Local authorities are quick to deny responsibility for problems and slow to provide requested information, he said.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘But other inmates as well as guards routinely sought him out for autographs or to request writing tips or advice on their appeals.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It restated that the consortium was fully funded, that it had carried out due diligence within five days and requested a second tranche of information from the company.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘If you send out information two months after a consumer requested it, that's not timely.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">ask for</strong><span class="syn">, appeal for, call for, seek, solicit, plead for, put in a plea for, pray for, petition, sue for, supplicate for</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20220213194846/https://www.lexico.com/synonyms/request">View synonyms</a></div></div><ol class="subSenses"><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.1</span><span class="grammatical_note">with infinitive</span> <span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="[]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">Politely or formally ask (someone) to do something.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquothe","londonrsquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘the letter requested him to report to London’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘We were sometimes requested to play nothing but tangos the whole evening.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘As demand theory predicts, the higher the premium or amount a consumer is requested to pay, the less likely a consumer will be willing to pay the premium.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘We are then requested to look amongst ourselves for a suitable replacement for a member of the performance cast who apparently resigned from the production.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Companies that will form the delegation of the President are requested to cover their own transport, accommodation and incidental costs.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The survey instrument was presented as an electronic version on the internet and students were requested to complete it.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I was actually reassured by this but six months later I was requested to resubmit my claim because my salary details were incorrect.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It was an ode to peace in English requesting Lord Krishna to come down to earth and resolve the conflicts of the world.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Even though we have a notice on our shopping cart requesting customers to phone in their order if it can't be processed by WorldPay, generally they don't bother - they give up.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The solicitor handling my brother's estate wrote to me requesting me to attend his office in connection with the legacy on June 27 this year.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality responded by requesting the James Creek study so that the state could develop its federally mandated water-quality targets for sediment.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The more your hopes are raised by an agent requesting to see your writing, the worse it gets.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Joshua himself appeared reluctant to criticize the work of other carvers, publicly at least, unless requested to do so.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘He said some of the actors have requested to leave the production for other career prospects, which he said will not affect the production.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The charge varies depending on which and how many masks the visitors request to appear.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Recruited to the Special Operations Executive, she requests to be sent to France as an undercover agent to trace her RAF pilot lover, shot down on a mission.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘New clients were calling the school specifically requesting to study with her.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Hess came to his radical views after writing to Murray Rothbard and requesting to meet him.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘But Candide could not be happy without Cunegonde, and he requested to leave that land of paradise in search of his beloved.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Reached for comment, the MD of Barden International Mr Kano Smith, requested to be sent the questions via email.’</em></li></ul></div></div></li></ol></div></li></ul></section><section class="etymology etym"><h3 class="phrases-title"><strong>Phrases</strong></h3><div class="senseInnerWrapper"><ul class="semb gramb"><strong class="phrase">on request</strong><br/><ul class="semb"><li><div class="trg"><div class="sense-inflection"></div><p><span class="iteration"></span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="[]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">In response to an expressed wish.</span></p><span class="indicators"></span><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquoapplication","requestrsquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘application forms are available on request’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘But cassette and video recorders are usually available on request or at least by arrangement.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Don't list references or state, ‘References available on request.’’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Information on stress cracks, starch, protein, and oil is available on request for a fee since they have been classified as ‘official criteria.’’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Aim has an approved list of solicitors who are experienced in the area of family law, which is available on request, and leaflets outlining the most frequently asked questions about separation and divorce.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The study is available on request from the joint agents.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The turnover figures of the pub are available on request.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A list of the furniture and effects included in the sale is available on request.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Many are two bedroom with cots available on request, making them ideal for families.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It is also available by request to any school that would like to increase its awareness of threatened and endangered species and what can be done to protect them.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It is also our experience that some court staff are not aware that they are obliged to give copies of these statements to respondents on request.’</em></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul></ul></div></section><section class="etymology etym"><h3><strong>Origin</strong></h3><div class="senseInnerWrapper"><p>Middle English from Old French requeste (noun), based on Latin requirere (see <a 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