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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inter-war_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Inter-war period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inter-war_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 World War II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guadalcanal_Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Guadalcanal Campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guadalcanal_Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_the_Eastern_Solomons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_the_Eastern_Solomons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Battle of the Eastern Solomons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_the_Eastern_Solomons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1943" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1943"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 1943 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1943-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1944" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1944"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 1944 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1944-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.5 1945 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Postwar years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Operation_Crossroads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Crossroads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Operation Crossroads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Crossroads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Awards and decorations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" > 29 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A-3)" title="يو إس إس ساراتوغا (سي في-3) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يو إس إس ساراتوغا (سي في-3)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_(CV-3)" title="Саратога (CV-3) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Саратога (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DB%8C-%DB%B3)" title="یواس‌اس ساراتوگا (سی‌وی-۳) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یواس‌اس ساراتوگا (سی‌وی-۳)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_%EC%83%88%EB%9F%AC%ED%86%A0%EA%B0%80_(CV-3)" title="USS 새러토가 (CV-3) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="USS 새러토가 (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%82%AC_(CV-3)" title="サラトガ (CV-3) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サラトガ (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&params=11_34_53_N_165_29_55_E_">11°34′53″N 165°29′55″E / 11.58139°N 165.49861°E / 11.58139; 165.49861</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lexington-class aircraft carrier</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other ships with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/USS_Saratoga" title="USS Saratoga">USS Saratoga</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_underway,_circa_in_1942_(80-G-K-459).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway%2C_circa_in_1942_%2880-G-K-459%29.jpg/300px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway%2C_circa_in_1942_%2880-G-K-459%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway%2C_circa_in_1942_%2880-G-K-459%29.jpg/450px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway%2C_circa_in_1942_%2880-G-K-459%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway%2C_circa_in_1942_%2880-G-K-459%29.jpg/600px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway%2C_circa_in_1942_%2880-G-K-459%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5654" data-file-height="3214" /></a><div>Saratoga underway in 1942, after her lengthy refit</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/107px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" />United States</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td>Saratoga</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saratoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Saratoga">Battle of Saratoga</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ordered</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1917 (as a battlecruiser)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1922 (as an aircraft carrier)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Shipbuilding_Corporation" title="New York Shipbuilding Corporation">New York Shipbuilding Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden, New Jersey</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>25 September 1920</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>7 April 1925</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>16 November 1927</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Reclassified</td><td>1 July 1922 to aircraft carrier</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Stricken</td><td>15 August 1946</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Identification</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hull_number" title="Hull number">Hull number</a>: CC-3, then CV-3</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Nickname(s)</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Sara Maru</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Sister Sara</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Honors and awards</td><td>8 <a href="/wiki/Battle_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle star">battle stars</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Sunk by <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossroads" title="Operation Crossroads">atomic bomb</a> test, 25 July 1946</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics (as built)</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Lexington-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Lexington-class aircraft carrier">Lexington-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>36,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (37,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Standard_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">standard</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>888 ft (270.7 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>106 ft (32.3 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>30 ft 5 in (9.3 m) (deep load)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">16 <a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler" title="Water-tube boiler">water-tube boilers</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">180,000 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shp</a> (130,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td>4 shafts; 4 sets <a href="/wiki/Turbo-electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo-electric">turbo-electric</a> drive</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>33.25 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (61.58 km/h; 38.26 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>10,000 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>2,791 (including aviation personnel) in 1942</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × twin <a href="/wiki/8%22/55_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="8"/55 caliber gun">8 in (203 mm) guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">12 × single <a href="/wiki/5%22/25_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="5"/25 caliber gun">5 in (127 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/AA_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="AA gun">AA guns</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armor</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">Belt</a>: 5–7 in (127–178 mm)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a>: 0.75–2 in (19–51 mm)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Gun turrets</a>: 0.75 in (19 mm)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_(partition)" title="Bulkhead (partition)">Bulkheads</a>: 5–7 in (127–178 mm)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Aircraft carried</td><td>78</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Aviation facilities</td><td>1 <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult" title="Aircraft catapult">Aircraft catapult</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> USS Saratoga (CV-3) was a <a href="/wiki/Lexington-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Lexington-class aircraft carrier">Lexington-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> built for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> during the 1920s. Originally designed as a <a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">battlecruiser</a>, she was converted into one of the Navy's first aircraft carriers during construction to comply with the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Washington Naval Treaty</a> of 1922. The ship entered service in 1928 and was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Pacific_Fleet" title="United States Pacific Fleet">Pacific Fleet</a> for her entire career. Saratoga and her <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ship</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Lexington_(CV-2)" title="USS Lexington (CV-2)">Lexington</a>, were used to develop and refine carrier tactics in <a href="/wiki/Fleet_problem" title="Fleet problem"> a series of annual exercises</a> before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. On more than one occasion these exercises included successful surprise attacks on <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. She was one of three prewar US fleet aircraft carriers, along with <a href="/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)" title="USS Enterprise (CV-6)">Enterprise</a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Ranger_(CV-4)" title="USS Ranger (CV-4)">Ranger</a>, to serve throughout World War II. Shortly after the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, Saratoga was the centerpiece of the unsuccessful American effort to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">relieve Wake Island</a> and was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine a few weeks later. After lengthy repairs, the ship supported forces participating in the <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a> and her aircraft sank the light carrier <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Ry%C5%ABj%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō">Ryūjō</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Eastern_Solomons" title="Battle of the Eastern Solomons">Battle of the Eastern Solomons</a> in August 1942. She was again torpedoed the following month and returned to the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> area after repairs were completed. In 1943, Saratoga supported Allied forces involved in the <a href="/wiki/New_Georgia_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="New Georgia Campaign">New Georgia Campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Bougainville Campaign">invasion of Bougainville</a> in the northern Solomon Islands and her aircraft twice attacked the Japanese base at <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Rabaul_(November_1943)" title="Bombing of Rabaul (November 1943)">Rabaul</a> in November. Early in 1944, her aircraft provided air support during the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands Campaign</a> before she was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> for several months to support the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Fleet">British Eastern Fleet</a> as it attacked targets in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>. After a brief refit in mid-1944, the ship became a <a href="/wiki/Training_ship" title="Training ship">training ship</a> for the rest of the year. In early 1945, Saratoga participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a> as a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">night fighter</a> carrier. Several days into the battle, she was badly damaged by <a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">kamikaze</a> hits and was forced to return to the United States for repairs. While under repair, the ship, now increasingly obsolete, was permanently modified as a training carrier with some of her <a href="/wiki/Hangar" title="Hangar">hangar</a> deck converted into classrooms. Saratoga remained in this role for the rest of the war and was then used to ferry troops back to the United States after the Japanese surrender in August, as a part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Magic_Carpet" title="Operation Magic Carpet">Operation Magic Carpet</a>. In mid-1946, the ship was a target for <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapon</a> tests during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossroads" title="Operation Crossroads">Operation Crossroads</a>. She survived the first test with little damage, but was sunk by a second test. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_construction">Design and construction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and construction">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Saratoga_(CC-3)_-_19-N-11981.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/USS_Saratoga_%28CC-3%29_-_19-N-11981.jpg/170px-USS_Saratoga_%28CC-3%29_-_19-N-11981.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/USS_Saratoga_%28CC-3%29_-_19-N-11981.jpg/255px-USS_Saratoga_%28CC-3%29_-_19-N-11981.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/USS_Saratoga_%28CC-3%29_-_19-N-11981.jpg/340px-USS_Saratoga_%28CC-3%29_-_19-N-11981.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4516" data-file-height="5659" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga on 8 March 1922, after her construction had been suspended. There are circular <a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">barbettes</a> on blocks on her deck, which would have been used for the battlecruiser's <a href="/wiki/Main_battery" title="Main battery">main battery</a></figcaption></figure> Saratoga was <a href="/wiki/USS_Saratoga" title="USS Saratoga">the fifth US Navy ship</a> named after the 1777 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saratoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Saratoga">Battle of Saratoga</a>, an important victory during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> She was originally authorized in 1916 as a <a href="/wiki/Lexington-class_battlecruiser" title="Lexington-class battlecruiser">Lexington-class</a> battlecruiser, but before she was laid down construction was placed on hold so that higher-priority <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine</a> vessels and merchant ships, needed to ensure the safe passage of men and materiel to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> during Germany's <a href="/wiki/U-boat_Campaign_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="U-boat Campaign (World War I)">U-boat campaign</a>, could be built. After the war the design was extensively altered to incorporate improved boiler technology, <a href="/wiki/Anti-torpedo_bulge" title="Anti-torpedo bulge">anti-torpedo bulges</a>, and a general increase in armor protection based on British wartime experiences.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Given the <a href="/wiki/Hull_number" title="Hull number">hull number</a> of CC-3, Saratoga was laid down on 25 September 1920 by <a href="/wiki/New_York_Shipbuilding_Corporation" title="New York Shipbuilding Corporation">New York Shipbuilding Corporation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden, New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> In February 1922, before the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Conference" title="Washington Naval Conference">Washington Naval Conference</a> concluded, the ship's construction was suspended<a href="#cite_note-USN_Ship_Types-3">[3]</a> when she was 28 percent complete.<a href="#cite_note-Doooomed-4">[4]</a> She was ordered to be converted to an aircraft carrier with the hull number CV-3 on 1 July 1922.<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> Her displacement was reduced by a total of 4,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (4,100 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>), achieved mainly by the elimination of her main armament of eight 16-inch (406 mm) guns in four twin <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">gun turrets</a> (including their heavy <a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">barbettes</a>, armor, and other equipment).<a href="#cite_note-f0-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The main <a href="/wiki/Armor_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor belt">armor belt</a> was retained, although it was reduced in height to save weight.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The hull generally remained unaltered, as did the torpedo protection system, because they had already been built and it would have been too expensive to alter them.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The ship had an <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">overall length</a> of 888 feet (270.7 m), a <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 106 feet (32.3 m), and a <a href="/wiki/Draft_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft (ship)">draft</a> of 30 feet 5 inches (9.3 m) at <a href="/wiki/Deep_load" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep load">deep load</a>. Saratoga had a <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Standard_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">standard displacement</a> of 36,000 long tons (36,578 t), and 43,055 long tons (43,746 t) at deep load. At that displacement, she had a <a href="/wiki/Metacentric_height" title="Metacentric height">metacentric height</a> of 7.31 feet (2.2 m).<a href="#cite_note-f0-5">[5]</a> Christened by Olive Doolittle, wife of <a href="/wiki/Curtis_D._Wilbur" title="Curtis D. Wilbur">Curtis D. Wilbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a>, Saratoga was launched on 7 April 1925 and commissioned on 16 November 1927, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_E._Yarnell" title="Harry E. Yarnell">Harry E. Yarnell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> She was nicknamed by her crew Sister Sara and, later, Sara Maru.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In 1942, the ship had a crew of 100 officers and 1,840 enlisted men, and an aviation group totaling 141 officers and 710 enlisted men.<a href="#cite_note-f0-5">[5]</a> By 1945, her crew totaled 3,373, including her aviation group.<a href="#cite_note-ab0-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flight_deck_arrangements">Flight deck arrangements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Flight deck arrangements">edit</a>]</div> The ship's flight deck was 866 feet 2 inches (264.01 m) long and had a maximum width of 105 feet 11 inches (32.28 m).<a href="#cite_note-f0-5">[5]</a> Her flight deck was widened forward and extended 16 feet (4.9 m) aft during her refit in mid-1941.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> When built, her <a href="/wiki/Hangar" title="Hangar">hangar</a> "was the largest single enclosed space afloat on any ship"<a href="#cite_note-ab10-12">[12]</a> and had an area of 33,528 square feet (3,114.9 m2). It was 424 feet (129.2 m) long and no less than 68 feet (20.7 m) wide. Its minimum height was 21 feet (6.4 m), and it was divided by a single <a href="/wiki/Fire_curtain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire curtain">fire curtain</a> just forward of the aft <a href="/wiki/Elevator#Aircraft_elevators" title="Elevator">aircraft elevator</a>. Aircraft repair shops, 108 feet (32.9 m) long, were aft of the hangar, and below them was a storage space for disassembled aircraft, 128 feet (39.0 m) long. Saratoga was fitted with two hydraulically powered elevators on her centerline. The forward elevator's dimensions were 30 by 60 feet (9.1 m × 18.3 m) and it had a capacity of 16,000 pounds (7,300 kg). The aft elevator had a capacity of only 6,000 pounds (2,700 kg) and measured 30 by 36 feet (9.1 m × 11.0 m).<a href="#cite_note-ab10-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Avgas" title="Avgas">Avgas</a> was stored in eight compartments of the torpedo protection system, and their capacity has been quoted as either 132,264 US gallons (500,670 L; 110,133 imp gal) or 163,000 US gallons (620,000 L; 136,000 imp gal).<a href="#cite_note-ab311-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_landing_planes_on_6_June_1935_(80-G-651292).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_landing_planes_on_6_June_1935_%2880-G-651292%29.jpg/220px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_landing_planes_on_6_June_1935_%2880-G-651292%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_landing_planes_on_6_June_1935_%2880-G-651292%29.jpg/330px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_landing_planes_on_6_June_1935_%2880-G-651292%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_landing_planes_on_6_June_1935_%2880-G-651292%29.jpg/440px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_landing_planes_on_6_June_1935_%2880-G-651292%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5533" data-file-height="4063" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga landing aircraft, 6 June 1935</figcaption></figure> Saratoga was initially fitted with electrically operated <a href="/wiki/Arresting_gear" title="Arresting gear">arresting gear</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Norden" title="Carl Norden">Carl Norden</a> that used longitudinal wires intended to prevent the aircraft from being blown over the side of the ship, and transverse wires to slow the aircraft to a stop. This system was authorized to be replaced by the hydraulically operated Mk 2 system, without longitudinal wires, on 11 August 1931. Four improved Mk 3 units were added in 1934, giving the ship a total of eight arresting wires and four <a href="/wiki/Safety_barrier" title="Safety barrier">barriers</a> intended to prevent aircraft from crashing into parked aircraft on the ship's bow. When the forward flight deck was widened, an additional eight wires were added there to allow aircraft to land over the bow if the landing area at the stern was damaged.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The ship was built with a 155-foot (47.2 m), <a href="/wiki/Flywheel" title="Flywheel">flywheel</a>-powered, F Mk II <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult" title="Aircraft catapult">aircraft catapult</a>, also designed by Norden, on the starboard side of the bow.<a href="#cite_note-f0-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ab10-12">[12]</a> This catapult was strong enough to launch a 10,000-pound (4,500 kg) aircraft at a speed of 48 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (89 km/h; 55 mph). It was intended to launch <a href="/wiki/Seaplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaplanes">seaplanes</a>, but was rarely used; a 1931 report counted only five launches of practice loads since the ship had been commissioned. It was removed some time after 1936.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Relatively few changes were made during the war to Saratoga's aircraft-handling equipment. Her crew removed her forward arresting wires in late 1943, although their hydraulic systems were not removed until her refit in mid-1944. At that time she received two Type H hydraulic catapults mounted in her forward flight deck to handle the heavier aircraft entering service. Before the war, plans were made to replace the aft elevator with a 44-by-48-foot (13.4 m × 14.6 m) model, but manufacturing delays and operational demands prevented this from ever happening. By mid-1942, the increasing size and weight of naval aircraft exceeded the capacity of the aft elevator and it was locked in place. It was removed in March 1945 to save weight and the opening in the flight deck was plated over. The machinery for the forward elevator was scheduled to be upgraded before the war, but this was not done until mid-1944. A new, 44-by-48-foot lightweight forward elevator as used in the <a href="/wiki/Essex-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Essex-class aircraft carrier">Essex-class</a> carriers was installed in March 1945.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Saratoga was designed to carry 78 aircraft of various types, including 36 <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bombers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> but these numbers increased once the Navy adopted the practice of tying up spare aircraft in the unused spaces at the top of the hangar.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In 1936, her air group consisted of 18 <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F2F" title="Grumman F2F">Grumman F2F</a>-1 and 18 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_F4B" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing F4B">Boeing F4B</a>-4 fighters, plus an additional nine F2Fs in reserve. Offensive punch was provided by 20 <a href="/wiki/Vought_SBU_Corsair" title="Vought SBU Corsair">Vought SBU Corsair</a> <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bombers</a> with 10 spare aircraft and 18 <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_BG" title="Great Lakes BG">Great Lakes BG</a> <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">torpedo bombers</a> with nine spares. Miscellaneous aircraft included two <a href="/wiki/Grumman_JF_Duck" title="Grumman JF Duck">Grumman JF Duck</a> <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_aircraft" title="Amphibious aircraft">amphibians</a>, plus one in reserve, and three active and one spare <a href="/wiki/Vought_O2U_Corsair" title="Vought O2U Corsair">Vought O2U Corsair</a> observation aircraft. This amounted to 79 aircraft, plus 30 spares.<a href="#cite_note-f0-5">[5]</a> In early 1945, the ship carried 53 <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">Grumman F6F Hellcat</a> fighters and 17 <a href="/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger">Grumman TBF Avenger</a> torpedo bombers.<a href="#cite_note-pg9-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propulsion">Propulsion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Propulsion">edit</a>]</div> The Lexington-class carriers used turbo-electric propulsion; each of the four propeller shafts was driven by two 22,500-<a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shaft-horsepower</a> (16,800 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>) <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">electric motors</a>. They were powered by four <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbo_generator" title="Turbo generator">turbo generators</a> rated at 35,200 kilowatts (47,200 hp). Steam for the generators was provided by sixteen <a href="/wiki/Yarrow_boiler" title="Yarrow boiler">Yarrow boilers</a>, each in its own individual compartment.<a href="#cite_note-ab12-20">[20]</a> Six 750-kilowatt (1,010 hp) <a href="/wiki/Electric_generator" title="Electric generator">electric generators</a> were installed in the upper levels of the two main turbine compartments to provide power to meet the ship's <a href="/wiki/Hotel_load" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel load">hotel load</a> (minimum electrical) requirements.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The ship was designed to reach 33.25 knots (61.58 km/h; 38.26 mph).<a href="#cite_note-f0-5">[5]</a> She carried a maximum of 6,688 long tons (6,795 t) of <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">fuel oil</a>, but only 5,400 long tons (5,500 t) of that was usable, as the rest had to be retained as <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ballast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing ballast">ballast</a> in the port fuel tanks to offset the weight of the <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(A-L)#island" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)">island</a> and main guns.<a href="#cite_note-ab13-22">[22]</a> Designed for a range of 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph),<a href="#cite_note-f0-5">[5]</a> the ship demonstrated a range of 9,910 nmi (18,350 km; 11,400 mi) at a speed of 10.7 knots (19.8 km/h; 12.3 mph) with 4,540 long tons (4,610 t) of oil.<a href="#cite_note-ab13-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament">Armament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Armament">edit</a>]</div> The Navy's <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Construction_and_Repair" title="Bureau of Construction and Repair">Bureau of Construction and Repair</a> was not convinced when the class was being designed that aircraft could effectively substitute as armament for a warship, especially at night or in bad weather that would prevent air operations.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Thus the carriers' design included a substantial gun battery of eight 55-<a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">caliber</a> <a href="/wiki/8%22/55_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="8"/55 caliber gun">Mk 9 eight-inch guns</a> in four twin gun turrets. These turrets were mounted above the <a href="/wiki/Flight_deck" title="Flight deck">flight deck</a> on the starboard side, two before the <a href="/wiki/Superstructure" title="Superstructure">superstructure</a>, and two behind the funnel, numbered I to IV from bow to stern.<a href="#cite_note-Stern,_p._96-24">[24]</a> In theory the guns could fire to both sides, but it is probable that firing them to port would have damaged the flight deck.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> They could be depressed to −5° and elevated to +41°.<a href="#cite_note-ab0-10">[10]</a> The ship's heavy <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">anti-aircraft</a> (AA) armament consisted of twelve 25-caliber <a href="/wiki/5%22/25_caliber_gun_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="5"/25 caliber gun (United States)">Mk 10 five-inch</a> guns which were mounted on single mounts, three each fitted on <a href="/wiki/Sponson" title="Sponson">sponsons</a> on each side of the bow and stern.<a href="#cite_note-s8-26">[26]</a> No light AA guns were initially mounted on Saratoga, but two twin .50-caliber (12.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a> mounts were installed in 1929. They were unsuccessful,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> but only the mount on the roof of Turret II was replaced by two .50-caliber (12.7 mm) machine guns by 1934. During the ship's August 1941 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overhaul" class="extiw" title="wikt:overhaul">overhaul</a>, four 50-caliber <a href="/wiki/3%22/50_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="3"/50 caliber gun">Mk 10 three-inch</a> AA guns were installed in the corner platforms. Another three-inch gun was added on the roof of the deckhouse between the funnel and the island. In addition, a number of .50-caliber machine guns were added on platforms mounted on her superstructure. The three-inch guns were just interim weapons until the quadruple <a href="/wiki/1.1%22/75_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="1.1"/75 caliber gun">1.1-inch</a> gun mount could be fielded, which occurred during a brief refit at the <a href="/wiki/Bremerton_Navy_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremerton Navy Yard">Bremerton Navy Yard</a> in late November 1941.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> While receiving temporary repairs at Pearl Harbor in January 1942 (after being torpedoed on 11 January 1942), Saratoga's eight-inch turrets, barbettes and ammunition hoists were removed; they were replaced by four twin 38-caliber <a href="/wiki/5%22/38_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="5"/38 caliber gun">five-inch</a> <a href="/wiki/Dual-purpose_gun" title="Dual-purpose gun">dual-purpose gun</a> mounts in February at Bremerton. New barbettes were built and the ammunition hoists had to be returned from Pearl Harbor. The eight-inch guns and turrets were reused as coast defense weapons on <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The older 25-caliber five-inch guns were replaced at the same time by eight more dual-purpose guns in single mounts. As the new guns were heavier than the older ones, only two could be added to the corner gun platforms; the space formerly used by the third gun on each platform was used by an additional quadruple 1.1-inch mount. In addition 32 <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_20_mm_cannon" title="Oerlikon 20 mm cannon">Oerlikon 20 mm cannon</a> were installed, six at the base of the funnel and the others distributed along the sides and rear of the flight deck. When the ship's repairs were completed in late May, her armament consisted of 16 five-inch guns, nine quadruple 1.1-inch gun mounts and 32 Oerlikon 20-millimeter (0.79 in) guns.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> After the ship was again torpedoed on 31 August 1942, her 1.1-inch gun mounts were replaced by an equal number of quadruple <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_Automatic_Gun_L/60" class="mw-redirect" title="Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60">Bofors 40 mm</a> mounts while she was under repair at Pearl Harbor. Her light anti-aircraft armament was also increased to 52 Oerlikon guns at the same time. In January 1944 a number of her 20 mm guns were replaced by more Bofors guns, many of which were in the positions formerly occupied by the ship's boats in the sides of the hull. Saratoga mounted 23 quadruple and two twin 40 mm mountings as well as 16 Oerlikon guns when she completed her refit.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_control_and_electronics">Fire control and electronics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fire control and electronics">edit</a>]</div> The two <a href="/wiki/Superfiring" title="Superfiring">superfiring</a> eight-inch turrets had a Mk 30 <a href="/wiki/Rangefinding_telemeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangefinding telemeter">rangefinder</a> at the rear of the turret for local control, but the guns were normally controlled by two Mk 18 <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system#Naval_fire_control" title="Fire-control system">fire-control directors</a>, one each on the fore and aft spotting tops.<a href="#cite_note-Stern,_p._96-24">[24]</a> A 20-foot (6.1 m) rangefinder was fitted on top of the <a href="/wiki/Pilothouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilothouse">pilothouse</a> to provide range information for the directors.<a href="#cite_note-ab0-10">[10]</a> Each group of three 5-inch guns was controlled by a Mk 19 director, two of which were mounted on each side of the spotting tops. Plans were made before the war to replace the obsolete Mk 19 directors with two heavier Mk 33 directors, one each on the fore and aft five-inch spotting tops, but these plans were cancelled when the dual-purpose guns replaced the main armament in early 1942.<a href="#cite_note-s8-26">[26]</a> Saratoga received an <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a> <a href="/wiki/CXAM_radar" title="CXAM radar">CXAM-1</a> <a href="/wiki/Early_warning_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Early warning radar">early warning radar</a> in February 1941 during a refit in Bremerton. The <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antenna</a> was mounted on the forward lip of the funnel with its control room directly below the aerial, replacing the secondary <a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">conning station</a> formerly mounted there. She also received two FC (Mk 3) surface <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">fire-control radars</a> in late 1941, although these were both removed along with her main armament in January 1942. The new dual-purpose guns were controlled by two Mk 37 directors, each mounting an FD (Mk 4) anti-aircraft gunnery radar. When the 1.1-inch guns were replaced by 40 mm guns in 1942, the directors for the smaller guns were replaced by five Mk 51 directors. A small SC-1 early warning radar was mounted on the rear lip of the funnel during 1942. A SG surface-search radar was mounted on the foremast at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> During the ship's refit in January 1944, her electronics were modernized. The CXAM was replaced by an SK model and the SC-1 was replaced by an SC-3. The forward SG was supplemented by an additional SG-1 mounted on a short mast at the aft end of the funnel. A lengthier overhaul in mid-1944 provided the opportunity to revise the radar arrangements. The SK radar was moved to the rebuilt foremast and the forward SG radar was replaced by an SG-1 mounted at the top of the foremast. An SM-1 fighter-control radar was mounted in the SK's former position and new antennas were added to the FD radars to allow them to determine target height. The SC-3 was replaced by an SC-4 in early 1945.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armor">Armor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Armor">edit</a>]</div> The waterline <a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">belt</a> of the Lexington-class ships tapered 7–5 inches (178–127 mm) in thickness from top to bottom and angled 11° outwards at the top. It covered the middle 530 feet (161.5 m) of the ships. Forward, the belt ended in a <a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_(partition)" title="Bulkhead (partition)">bulkhead</a> that also tapered from seven to five inches in thickness. Aft, it terminated at a seven-inch bulkhead. This belt had a height of 9 feet 4 inches (2.8 m). The third deck over the ships' machinery and <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(artillery)" title="Magazine (artillery)">magazine</a> was armored with two layers of <a href="/wiki/Special_treatment_steel" title="Special treatment steel">special treatment steel</a> (STS) totaling 2 inches (51 mm) in thickness; the steering gear was protected by two layers of STS that totaled 3 inches (76 mm) on the flat and 4.5 inches (114 mm) on the slope.<a href="#cite_note-ab8-35">[35]</a> The gun turrets were protected only against splinters with .75 inches (19 mm) of armor. The conning tower was armored with 2–2.25 inches (51–57 mm) of STS, and it had a communications tube with two-inch sides running from the conning tower down to the lower conning position on the third deck. The <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a> defense system of the Lexington-class ships consisted of three to six medium steel <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bulkhead" title="Torpedo bulkhead">protective bulkheads</a> that ranged from .375 to .75 inches (10 to 19 mm) in thickness. The spaces between them could be used as fuel tanks or left empty to absorb the detonation of a torpedo's <a href="/wiki/Warhead" title="Warhead">warhead</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ab8-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structural_changes">Structural changes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Structural changes">edit</a>]</div> While under repair after being torpedoed on 11 January 1942, Saratoga received a 7-foot-2-inch (2.2 m) bulge on the starboard side of her hull.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> This was primarily intended to increase the ship's buoyancy, improve stability and allow her full fuel capacity to be utilized. The bulge was estimated to increase her metacentric height by 3 feet (0.9 m) and decrease her speed by one-quarter of a knot.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> It was also used to store additional fuel oil and increased her capacity to a total of 9,748 long tons (9,904 t).<a href="#cite_note-ab13-22">[22]</a> At the same time, her funnel was shortened by 20 feet (6.1 m) and her tripod <a href="/wiki/Foremast" class="mw-redirect" title="Foremast">foremast</a> was replaced by a light pole mast to reduce her topweight.<a href="#cite_note-Stern,_pp._52–53-38">[38]</a> All of these changes, including the lengthening of the flight deck, increased Saratoga's full-load displacement in 1945 to 49,552 long tons (50,347 t). Her overall length increased to 909.45 feet (277.2 m) and her beam, at the waterline, to 111 feet 9 inches (34.1 m), too wide to use the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_history">Service history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Service history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inter-war_period">Inter-war period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Inter-war period">edit</a>]</div> Saratoga was commissioned one month earlier than her <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ship</a>, Lexington. As the ship was visually identical to Lexington, her funnel was painted with a large black vertical stripe to help pilots recognize her. She began her <a href="/wiki/Shakedown_cruise" title="Shakedown cruise">shakedown cruise</a> on 6 January 1928 and five days later <a href="/wiki/Marc_A._Mitscher" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc A. Mitscher">Marc A. Mitscher</a> landed the first aircraft on board. Later that month, the rigid <a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">airship</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Los_Angeles_(ZR-3)" title="USS Los Angeles (ZR-3)">Los Angeles</a> was refueled and resupplied when she moored to Saratoga's stern on 27 January. That same day, the ship sailed for the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a> via the Panama Canal, although she was diverted briefly en route to carry <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marines</a> to <a href="/wiki/Corinto_(Nicaragua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinto (Nicaragua)">Corinto</a>, Nicaragua, before joining the <a href="/wiki/Battle_Fleet" title="Battle Fleet">Battle Fleet</a> at <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pedro, California">San Pedro, California</a>, on 21 February.<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> On 15 September, Captain <a href="/wiki/John_Halligan,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Halligan, Jr.">John Halligan, Jr.</a> relieved the newly promoted Rear Admiral Yarnell.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Panama Canal pilots had never before handled a ship with such a significant flight deck overhang. Saratoga knocked over all the adjacent concrete lamp posts while passing through the <a href="/wiki/Gatun_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatun lock">Gatun locks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Langley_(CV-1),_USS_Lexington_(CV-2)_and_USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_at_the_Puget_Sound_Naval_Shipyard,_in_1929_(NNAM.1996.488.001.004).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/USS_Langley_%28CV-1%29%2C_USS_Lexington_%28CV-2%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_at_the_Puget_Sound_Naval_Shipyard%2C_in_1929_%28NNAM.1996.488.001.004%29.jpg/220px-USS_Langley_%28CV-1%29%2C_USS_Lexington_%28CV-2%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_at_the_Puget_Sound_Naval_Shipyard%2C_in_1929_%28NNAM.1996.488.001.004%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/USS_Langley_%28CV-1%29%2C_USS_Lexington_%28CV-2%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_at_the_Puget_Sound_Naval_Shipyard%2C_in_1929_%28NNAM.1996.488.001.004%29.jpg/330px-USS_Langley_%28CV-1%29%2C_USS_Lexington_%28CV-2%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_at_the_Puget_Sound_Naval_Shipyard%2C_in_1929_%28NNAM.1996.488.001.004%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/USS_Langley_%28CV-1%29%2C_USS_Lexington_%28CV-2%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_at_the_Puget_Sound_Naval_Shipyard%2C_in_1929_%28NNAM.1996.488.001.004%29.jpg/440px-USS_Langley_%28CV-1%29%2C_USS_Lexington_%28CV-2%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_at_the_Puget_Sound_Naval_Shipyard%2C_in_1929_%28NNAM.1996.488.001.004%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>Carriers Saratoga (center), Lexington (top), and <a href="/wiki/USS_Langley_(CV-1)" title="USS Langley (CV-1)">Langley</a> (below) at <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_Naval_Shipyard_and_Intermediate_Maintenance_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility">Puget Sound Navy Yard</a> in 1929. As Saratoga and Lexington were visually identical, Saratoga had a black stripe painted on her funnel for identification purposes.</figcaption></figure> In January 1929, Saratoga participated in her first fleet exercise, <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Problem_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Problem IX">Fleet Problem IX</a>, a simulated attack on the Panama Canal. These exercises tested the Navy's evolving doctrine and tactics for the use of carriers. The ship was detached from the fleet with only the <a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Omaha_(CL-4)" title="USS Omaha (CL-4)">Omaha</a> as escort and made a wide sweep to the south to attack the canal, which was defended by the <a href="/wiki/Scouting_Fleet" title="Scouting Fleet">Scouting Fleet</a> and Lexington, from an unexpected direction. Although the carrier was spotted by two defending ships before she launched her air strike, her aircraft were deemed to have destroyed the <a href="/wiki/Canal_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal lock">canal locks</a>. Saratoga was "sunk" later the same day by an airstrike from Lexington.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Captain <a href="/wiki/Frederick_J._Horne" title="Frederick J. Horne">Frederick J. Horne</a> assumed command on 20 April.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The following year, Saratoga and Langley were "disabled" by a surprise attack from Lexington in <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Problem_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Problem X">Fleet Problem X</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. Saratoga returned the favor shortly afterward in Fleet Problem XI, further demonstrating the vulnerability of carriers to aerial attack.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Following the exercises, Saratoga participated in the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Review">Presidential Review</a> at <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, in May and then returned to San Pedro.<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> Captain Frank McCrary relieved Horne on 5 September 1930.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZR-3_on_USS_Saratoga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ZR-3_on_USS_Saratoga.jpg/220px-ZR-3_on_USS_Saratoga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ZR-3_on_USS_Saratoga.jpg/330px-ZR-3_on_USS_Saratoga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ZR-3_on_USS_Saratoga.jpg/440px-ZR-3_on_USS_Saratoga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_Los_Angeles_(ZR-3)" title="USS Los Angeles (ZR-3)">USS Los Angeles</a> ties up aboard Saratoga in January 1928, the first time a <a href="/wiki/Rigid_airship" title="Rigid airship">rigid airship</a> had been moored to an <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a></figcaption></figure> Saratoga was assigned, together with Lexington, to defend the west coast of Panama against a hypothetical invader during Fleet Problem XII in February 1931. While each carrier was able to inflict some damage on the invasion convoys, the enemy forces succeeded in making a landing. All three carriers then transferred to the Caribbean to conduct further maneuvers, including one in which Saratoga successfully defended the Caribbean side of the Panama Canal from a staged attack by Lexington. <a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Reeves" title="Joseph M. Reeves">Joseph M. Reeves</a> baited a trap for Lexington's captain, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_J._King" title="Ernest J. King">Ernest J. King</a>, with a destroyer and scored a kill on Lexington on 22 March while the latter's aircraft were still searching for Saratoga.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The 1932 movie <a href="/wiki/Hell_Divers" title="Hell Divers">Hell Divers</a> was filmed aboard the ship and starred <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Beery" title="Wallace Beery">Wallace Beery</a> and a young <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a> as a pair of competing aircraft gunners assigned to <a href="/wiki/VFA-14_(U.S._Navy)" class="mw-redirect" title="VFA-14 (U.S. Navy)">VF-1B</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> During Grand Joint Exercise No. 4, Saratoga and Lexington were able to launch an airstrike against Pearl Harbor on Sunday, 7 February 1932, without being detected. The two carriers were separated for Fleet Problem XIII which followed shortly afterward. Blue Fleet and Saratoga were tasked to attack Hawaii and the West Coast defended by Lexington and the Black Fleet. On 15 March, Lexington caught Saratoga with all of her planes still on deck and was ruled to have knocked out her flight deck and have badly damaged the carrier, which was subsequently judged sunk during a night attack by Black Fleet <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Captain George W. Steele assumed command on 11 July 1932. While en route from San Diego to San Pedro, the ship briefly ran aground off <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Beach,_California" title="Sunset Beach, California">Sunset Beach, California</a>, on 17 August. Captain Rufus F. Zogbaum, Jr. (son of the famous illustrator) relieved Steele, who was ordered to immediately retire, on 1 January 1933.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Before Fleet Problem XIV began the following month, the Army and the Navy conducted a joint exercise simulating a carrier attack on Hawaii. Lexington and Saratoga successfully attacked Pearl Harbor at dawn on 31 January without being detected. During the actual fleet problem, the ship successfully attacked targets in and around <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> although she was damaged by opposing ships during the latter attack.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Scenes from the 1933 <a href="/wiki/Joe_E._Brown_(comedian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe E. Brown (comedian)">Joe E. Brown</a> film comedy, <a href="/wiki/Son_of_a_Sailor" title="Son of a Sailor">Son of a Sailor</a>, were filmed aboard Saratoga and featured flight deck musters of the ships' company.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Fleet Problem XV returned to the Gulf of Panama and the Caribbean in April–May 1934; the participating ships of the Pacific Fleet remained in the Caribbean and off the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> for more training and maneuvers until they returned to their home bases in November.<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> Captain <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Whiting" title="Kenneth Whiting">Kenneth Whiting</a> relieved Zogbaum on 12 June, after the conclusion of the fleet problem.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_off_New_York,_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_off_New_York%2C_1934.jpg/220px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_off_New_York%2C_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_off_New_York%2C_1934.jpg/330px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_off_New_York%2C_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_off_New_York%2C_1934.jpg/440px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_off_New_York%2C_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="2025" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga launching aircraft on 31 May 1934 during her Atlantic deployment</figcaption></figure> Captain <a href="/wiki/William_F._Halsey" class="mw-redirect" title="William F. Halsey">William F. Halsey</a> assumed command on 6 July 1935 after the conclusion of Fleet Problem XVI.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> From 27 April to 6 June 1936, she participated in a Fleet Problem in the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone" title="Panama Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</a> where she was "sunk" by opposing battlecruisers and later ruled to have been severely damaged by aircraft from <a href="/wiki/USS_Ranger_(CV-4)" title="USS Ranger (CV-4)">Ranger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> During Fleet Problem XVIII in 1937, Saratoga, now under the command of naval aviation pioneer <a href="/wiki/John_H._Towers" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Towers">John H. Towers</a>, covered an amphibious assault on <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a> and was badly "damaged" by Ranger's aircraft. The 1938 Fleet Problem again tested the defenses of Hawaii and, again, aircraft from Saratoga and her sister successfully attacked Pearl Harbor at dawn on 29 March. Later in the exercise, the two carriers successfully attacked San Francisco without being spotted by the defending fleet.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Captain <a href="/wiki/Albert_Cushing_Read" title="Albert Cushing Read">Albert Cushing Read</a> relieved Towers in July 1938. During <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Problem_XX" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Problem XX">Fleet Problem XX</a> in 1939, the carrier remained off the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a> as part of Task Force (TF) 7 with the battleship <a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona" title="USS Arizona">Arizona</a> and escorts under the command of Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Chester_Nimitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester Nimitz">Chester Nimitz</a> to maintain a presence in the Pacific. From 2 April to 21 June 1940, she participated in <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Problem_XXI" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Problem XXI">Fleet Problem XXI</a>, and her aircraft, together with those from Lexington, "damaged" the carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Yorktown_(CV-5)" title="USS Yorktown (CV-5)">Yorktown</a> in an early phase of the exercise.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Shortly before the end of the fleet problem, Captain <a href="/wiki/A._H._Douglas" title="A. H. Douglas">Archibald Douglas</a> replaced Read as commanding officer.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> From 6 January to 15 August 1941, Saratoga underwent a long-deferred modernization at the Bremerton Navy Yard that included the widening of her flight deck at her <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a> and the installation of additional <a href="/wiki/Antiaircraft_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiaircraft gun">antiaircraft guns</a> and a CXAM-1 radar. The ship began a refit a few days later that lasted until late November, further revising the anti-aircraft armament and adding an FC radar.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: World War II">edit</a>]</div> When the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attacked Pearl Harbor</a> on 7 December 1941, Saratoga was entering <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Harbor">San Diego Harbor</a> to embark her air group, which had been training ashore while the ship was refitting. This consisted of 11 <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat</a> fighters of <a href="/wiki/VF-3" title="VF-3">VF-3</a> (under the command of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Thach" title="John Thach">Jimmy Thach</a>), 43 <a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">Douglas SBD Dauntless</a> dive bombers of VB-3 and VS-3, and 11 <a href="/wiki/Douglas_TBD_Devastator" title="Douglas TBD Devastator">Douglas TBD Devastator</a> torpedo bombers of VT-3. The ship also was under orders to load 14 Marine Corps <a href="/wiki/Brewster_F2A_Buffalo" title="Brewster F2A Buffalo">Brewster F2A-3 Buffalo</a> fighters of <a href="/wiki/VMF-221" title="VMF-221">VMF-221</a> for delivery in Oahu. The following morning the ship, now the <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carrier_Division_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier Division One">Carrier Division One</a>, commanded by Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Fitch" title="Aubrey Fitch">Aubrey Fitch</a>, sailed for Pearl Harbor. Saratoga arrived at Pearl on 15 December, refueled, and departed for <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> the following day. The ship was assigned to Task Force (TF) 14 under the command of Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Frank_Jack_Fletcher" title="Frank Jack Fletcher">Frank Jack Fletcher</a>; VF-3 had been reinforced by two additional Wildcats picked up in Hawaii, but one SBD had been forced to <a href="/wiki/Water_landing" title="Water landing">ditch</a> on 11 December.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> She then rendezvoused with the <a href="/wiki/Seaplane_tender" title="Seaplane tender">seaplane tender</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Tangier_(AV-8)" title="USS Tangier (AV-8)">Tangier</a>, carrying reinforcements and supplies, and the slow <a href="/wiki/Replenishment_oiler" title="Replenishment oiler">replenishment oiler</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Neches_(AO-5)" title="USS Neches (AO-5)">Neches</a>. Saratoga's task force was delayed by the necessity to refuel its escorting destroyers on 21 December, before reaching the island. This process was prolonged by heavy weather, although the task force could still reach Wake by 24 December as scheduled. After receiving reports of heavy Japanese carrier <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">airstrikes</a>, and then troop landings, TF 14 was recalled on 23 December, and Wake <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">fell the same day</a>. On the return voyage, Saratoga delivered VMF-221 to Midway on 25 December. The ship arrived at Pearl on 29 December and Fletcher was replaced as commander of Task Force 14 by Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Herbert_F._Leary" title="Herbert F. Leary">Herbert F. Leary</a> the following day. Leary made Saratoga his flagship and Fitch was transferred to a shore command that same day. The task force put to sea on 31 December and patrolled in the vicinity of Midway.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Saratoga, about 420 nautical miles (780 km; 480 mi) southwest of Pearl Harbor on 11 January 1942, was heading towards a rendezvous with USS Enterprise when she was hit by a torpedo fired by the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-6" title="Japanese submarine I-6">I-6</a>. The explosion flooded three of her boiler rooms, reduced her speed to a maximum of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) and killed six of her crewmen. The ship's <a href="/wiki/List_(watercraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="List (watercraft)">list</a> was soon corrected and she reached Pearl Harbor two days later.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> While undergoing temporary repairs there, her four twin eight-inch gun turrets were removed for installation in <a href="/wiki/Waialua,_Hawaii#History" title="Waialua, Hawaii">shore batteries</a> on Oahu.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Saratoga then sailed to the <a href="/wiki/Bremerton_Navy_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremerton Navy Yard">Bremerton Navy Yard</a> on 9 February for permanent repairs. She <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/embark" class="extiw" title="wikt:embark">embarked</a> 10 Wildcats of the VF-2 Detachment and all of VS-3 with its Dauntlesses for self-protection on the voyage.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> While under repair, the ship was modernized with an anti-torpedo bulge, her anti-aircraft armament was significantly upgraded and more radars were added.<a href="#cite_note-Stern,_pp._52–53-38">[38]</a> Douglas was relieved on 12 April and Saratoga was temporarily commanded by her <a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">executive officer</a>, Commander <a href="/wiki/Alfred_M._Pride" title="Alfred M. Pride">Alfred M. Pride</a>, until Captain <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton_Ramsey" title="DeWitt Clinton Ramsey">DeWitt Ramsey</a> assumed command a month later.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Saratoga departed from Bremerton on 22 May, bound for San Diego. She arrived there on 25 May and began loading aircraft and supplies while waiting for her task force commander, Admiral Fitch, to arrive from the South Pacific. On 30 May Admiral Nimitz, now <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Pacific_Fleet" title="United States Pacific Fleet">United States Pacific Fleet</a>, ordered Captain Ramsey to expedite his departure for Pearl Harbor, even if Fitch had not yet arrived. The ship sailed from San Diego on 1 June carrying 14 Wildcats of <a href="/wiki/VFA-2" title="VFA-2">VF-2</a> Detachment and 23 Dauntlesses of VS-3; in addition she carried four Wildcats, 43 Dauntlesses and 14 Avengers as cargo. She arrived at Pearl Harbor on 6 June, the final day of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a>. After refuelling, Saratoga departed the following day with the mission to ferry replacement aircraft to the carriers that survived the battle. The ship carried a total of 47 Wildcats, 45 Dauntlesses, five Devastators and 10 Avengers, including her own air group.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Admiral Fletcher (whose flagship Yorktown had been sunk during the battle) came aboard on 8 June and made Saratoga his flagship.<a href="#cite_note-fr4-66">[66]</a> The ship rendezvoused with the other carriers on 11 June and transferred 19 Dauntlesses, the five Devastators and all of the Avengers to them.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> When the ship reached Pearl on 13 June, Fletcher and his staff disembarked; Admiral Fitch rendezvoused with the ship the next day. He became commander of Task Force 11 on 15 June, when Nimitz reorganized his carriers. From 22 through 29 June, Saratoga ferried 18 Marine Dauntlesses of <a href="/wiki/VMSB-231" class="mw-redirect" title="VMSB-231">VMSB-231</a> and 25 Army Air Corps <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">Curtiss P-40 Warhawks</a> to Midway Island to replace the aircraft lost during the battle. Fletcher relieved Fitch as commander of <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_11" title="Task Force 11">TF 11</a> the following day.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Guadalcanal_Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Guadalcanal Campaign">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_operating_off_Guadalcanal_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_operating_off_Guadalcanal_1942.jpg/220px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_operating_off_Guadalcanal_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_operating_off_Guadalcanal_1942.jpg/330px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_operating_off_Guadalcanal_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_operating_off_Guadalcanal_1942.jpg/440px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_operating_off_Guadalcanal_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga operating off <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a></figcaption></figure> In late June 1942, the Allies decided to seize bases in the southern <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> with the objective of denying their use by the Japanese to threaten the supply and communication routes between the U.S., <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. They also intended to use <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulagi" title="Tulagi">Tulagi</a> as bases to support a campaign to eventually capture or neutralize the major Japanese base at <a href="/wiki/Rabaul" title="Rabaul">Rabaul</a> on <a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a>. Admiral Nimitz committed much of the Pacific Fleet to the task, including three of his four carrier task forces. They fell under the command of the recently appointed <a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral">Vice Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Ghormley" title="Robert L. Ghormley">Robert L. Ghormley</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Area" title="South Pacific Area">South Pacific Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> On 7 July, Task Force 11 departed Pearl for the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Pacific">Southwest Pacific</a>; it consisted of Saratoga, four heavy cruisers, <a href="/wiki/USS_Astoria_(CA-34)" title="USS Astoria (CA-34)">Astoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_New_Orleans_(CA-32)" title="USS New Orleans (CA-32)">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Minneapolis_(CA-36)" title="USS Minneapolis (CA-36)">Minneapolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Vincennes_(CA-44)" title="USS Vincennes (CA-44)">Vincennes</a>, and an escort of seven destroyers. Also assigned were three replenishment oilers and four fast transports converted from old four-stack destroyers. The carrier embarked 90 aircraft, comprising 37 Wildcats, 37 Dauntlesses and 16 Avengers. TF 11 and TF 18, centered around the carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Wasp_(CV-7)" title="USS Wasp (CV-7)">Wasp</a>, rendezvoused south of <a href="/wiki/Tongatapu" title="Tongatapu">Tongatapu</a> on 24 July and they met the remaining forces, including Enterprise's TF 16, assigned to Operation Watchtower three days later south of the <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji Islands</a>. The entire force of 82 ships was organized as <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_61" title="Task Force 61">Task Force 61</a> and commanded by Fletcher. On 30 July, Saratoga and the other carriers provided air cover for <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibious landing">amphibious landings</a> on <a href="/wiki/Koro_Island" title="Koro Island">Koro Island</a> and practiced air strikes as part of the rehearsals for the planned invasion of Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and nearby islands.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TBF_VT-8_landing_on_USS_Saratoga_(CV-8)_off_Solomons_1942.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/TBF_VT-8_landing_on_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-8%29_off_Solomons_1942.jpeg/220px-TBF_VT-8_landing_on_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-8%29_off_Solomons_1942.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/TBF_VT-8_landing_on_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-8%29_off_Solomons_1942.jpeg/330px-TBF_VT-8_landing_on_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-8%29_off_Solomons_1942.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/TBF_VT-8_landing_on_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-8%29_off_Solomons_1942.jpeg/440px-TBF_VT-8_landing_on_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-8%29_off_Solomons_1942.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2113" data-file-height="1683" /></a><figcaption>A damaged Grumman TBF-1 Avenger makes a landing aboard Saratoga in August 1942</figcaption></figure> The Allied force successfully reached the Solomon Islands without being detected by the Japanese because of thick fog and haze. Saratoga launched 24 Dauntlesses and a dozen Wildcats early on 7 August to attack targets on Guadalcanal. Her <a href="/wiki/Air_Group_Commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Group Commander">air group commander</a>, Commander <a href="/wiki/Harry_D._Felt" title="Harry D. Felt">Harry D. Felt</a>, coordinated the attack over the island, which also included eight Wildcats from Enterprise's VF-6. The aircraft focused on the nearly complete airfield at Lunga and dispersed the two construction battalions building it. This allowed the <a href="/wiki/1st_Marine_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Marine Division (United States)">1st Marine Division</a> to capture it (renaming it <a href="/wiki/Henderson_Field_(Guadalcanal)" title="Henderson Field (Guadalcanal)">Henderson Field</a>) without resistance. For the rest of the day, the carriers provided a <a href="/wiki/Combat_air_patrol" title="Combat air patrol">combat air patrol</a> (CAP) over the transports and themselves while their other aircraft provided air support for the Marines as needed.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The Japanese struck back quickly and launched 27 <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">Mitsubishi G4M</a> ("Betty") medium bombers, escorted by 17 <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">Mitsubishi A6M Zero</a> ("Zeke") fighters, against the Allied forces. Among the escorting pilots were several <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">aces</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Junichi_Sasai" title="Junichi Sasai">Junichi Sasai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshio_Ota" class="mw-redirect" title="Toshio Ota">Toshio Ota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroyoshi_Nishizawa" title="Hiroyoshi Nishizawa">Hiroyoshi Nishizawa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sabur%C5%8D_Sakai" title="Saburō Sakai">Saburō Sakai</a>. Failing to spot the carriers, the bombers attacked the transports and their escorts, defended by eight Wildcats from Saratoga's VF-5. The Zeros shot down five Wildcats without losing any of their own, but the Americans shot down at least one G4M and damaged a number of others. The bombers failed to hit any Allied ships. About an hour later, nine <a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">Aichi D3A</a> ("Val") dive bombers attacked the transport groups. Also based in Rabaul, they were on a one-way mission with a minimal payload of two small 60-kilogram (132 lb) bombs each because the distance to Guadalcanal exceeded their combat range; the pilots were expected to ditch at <a href="/wiki/Shortland_Island" title="Shortland Island">Shortland Island</a> on the return leg where a Japanese seaplane tender could pick them up. By the time they arrived, the American CAP had been reinforced to 15 Wildcats from VF-5 and VF-6. Realizing that they had been spotted and that they could not reach the vulnerable transports before they were intercepted by the defending fighters, the Japanese attacked two of the escorting destroyers. They lightly damaged one destroyer with a direct hit, but the Americans shot down five of the attackers without loss to themselves.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The Japanese attacked the transports again the following day, but none of Saratoga's aircraft were involved. Concerned about his declining fuel reserves and worried about air and submarine attacks after losing 20% of his fighters, Fletcher requested permission from Ghormley to withdraw one day early to refuel. This was granted and Fletcher's carriers were mostly out of range by the morning of 9 August. This meant that they were out of strike range after a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savo_Island" title="Battle of Savo Island">Japanese cruiser force sank four Allied cruisers that night</a>. The transports still lacked air cover, but the only Japanese airstrike of the day specifically targeted the carriers and ignored the transports entirely. Fletcher loitered southeast of the Solomons, waiting for the Japanese carriers that signals intelligence told him were en route to be spotted. He rendezvoused with the aircraft transport <a href="/wiki/USS_Long_Island_(CVE-1)" title="USS Long Island (CVE-1)">Long Island</a> on 19 August and covered her approach to Guadalcanal. The ship was carrying Marine aircraft for Henderson Field and successfully flew them off the next day. Fletcher returned to the Solomons on 21 August after escorting Long Island to safety and remained in the vicinity for the next several days to provide cover for two transports resupplying the Marines. American aircraft shot down several Japanese reconnaissance aircraft during this time and the Japanese concluded that one or more American carriers were operating southeast of Guadalcanal.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_the_Eastern_Solomons">Battle of the Eastern Solomons</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Battle of the Eastern Solomons">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Eastern_Solomons" title="Battle of the Eastern Solomons">Battle of the Eastern Solomons</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_SBD_flies_over_USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)_and_USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_on_19_December_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Douglas_SBD_flies_over_USS_Enterprise_%28CV-6%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_on_19_December_1942.jpg/220px-Douglas_SBD_flies_over_USS_Enterprise_%28CV-6%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_on_19_December_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Douglas_SBD_flies_over_USS_Enterprise_%28CV-6%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_on_19_December_1942.jpg/330px-Douglas_SBD_flies_over_USS_Enterprise_%28CV-6%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_on_19_December_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Douglas_SBD_flies_over_USS_Enterprise_%28CV-6%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_on_19_December_1942.jpg/440px-Douglas_SBD_flies_over_USS_Enterprise_%28CV-6%29_and_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_on_19_December_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2191" data-file-height="1741" /></a><figcaption>Enterprise (foreground) and Saratoga (rear) near Guadalcanal, December 1942, with a Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bomber visible between the two carriers</figcaption></figure> The presence of American carriers nearby firmed up Japanese plans to land troops on Guadalcanal on 24 August, covered by the fleet carriers <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Sh%C5%8Dkaku" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Shōkaku">Shōkaku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Zuikaku" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Zuikaku">Zuikaku</a> and the light carrier <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Ry%C5%ABj%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō">Ryūjō</a>. A force of Japanese <a href="/wiki/Troopship" title="Troopship">troop transports</a> was detected on the morning of 23 August some 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) north of Guadalcanal. Fletcher was not originally inclined to attack them until another force of two transports was spotted at <a href="/wiki/Faisi" title="Faisi">Faisi</a> later that morning. He changed his mind and ordered Saratoga to launch her airstrike of 31 Dauntlesses and six Avengers in the early afternoon at very long range. They could not locate the Japanese convoy in poor visibility because it had reversed course shortly after spotting the American reconnaissance aircraft. The aircraft lacked the range to return to their carrier and they were ordered to land at Henderson Field and return the following morning.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The Japanese failed to locate the American carriers during the day and Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABichi_Nagumo" title="Chūichi Nagumo">Chūichi Nagumo</a>, commander of the First Carrier Division, ordered Ryūjō, escorted by the heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Tone_(1937)" title="Japanese cruiser Tone (1937)">Tone</a> and two destroyers, to attack Henderson Field, as per Admiral <a href="/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto" title="Isoroku Yamamoto">Isoroku Yamamoto</a>'s orders. American aircraft located the Ryūjō task force the following morning as it approached within aircraft range of Guadalcanal, as well as other enemy ships, but failed to spot the fleet carriers. Fletcher delayed his attack until further reconnaissance aircraft failed to find the other Japanese carriers and his own aircraft returned from Henderson Field. In the meantime, Ryūjō had launched her own airstrike against Henderson Field, although they inflicted little damage while losing seven out of 21 aircraft during the attack.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Saratoga launched an airstrike against Ryūjō's task force in the early afternoon that consisted of 31 Dauntlesses and eight Avengers; the long range precluded fighter escort. While those aircraft were en route, a number of reconnaissance aircraft from Enterprise spotted and attacked the Japanese formation. They inflicted no damage and the Japanese CAP shot down one Avenger. Saratoga's aircraft sighted the carrier shortly afterward and attacked. They hit Ryūjō three times with 1,000-pound (450 kg) bombs and one torpedo; the torpedo hit flooded the starboard engine and boiler rooms. No aircraft from either Ryūjō or Saratoga were shot down in the attack.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The carrier capsized about four hours later with the loss of 120 crewmen.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> About an hour after Saratoga launched her airstrike, the Japanese launched theirs once they located the American carriers. Shōkaku contributed 18 D3As and nine Zeros while Zuikaku launched nine D3As and six Zeros. Reconnaissance SBDs from Enterprise spotted the 1st Carrier Division shortly after the Japanese airstrike had taken off and five of Shōkaku's Zeros stayed behind to deal with the Dauntlesses as they attacked Shōkaku. The Dauntlesses survived the attack by the Zeros, but their spot report was garbled and the enemy's location could not be understood. This incident prompted Nagumo to launch a follow-on airstrike with 27 D3As and nine Zeros.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The first airstrike attacked the ships of TF 16 which was initially defended by fighters from VF-6. Once radar spotted the incoming Japanese aircraft, both carriers launched all available fighters. Enterprise was badly damaged by three bomb hits, but the Japanese lost 19 dive bombers and four Zeros to the defending fighters and anti-aircraft fire. They claimed to have shot down a dozen Wildcats although the Americans lost only five, of which three belonged to VF-5; some of the American losses were reportedly due to friendly anti-aircraft fire. In turn, the American fighters claimed to have shot down 52 Japanese aircraft, 15 more than the Japanese committed to the attack. The second Japanese airstrike failed to locate the American carriers.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Right before the Japanese attack, Saratoga launched a small airstrike of two Dauntlesses and five Avengers to clear her flight deck and these planes found and damaged the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Chitose" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Chitose">seaplane tender Chitose</a> with near misses that also destroyed three <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F1M" title="Mitsubishi F1M">Mitsubishi F1M</a> reconnaissance <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplanes</a>. Two Avengers were forced to make emergency landings, but they shot down one Zero from Shōkaku. After recovering their returning aircraft, the two American carriers withdrew, Enterprise for repairs and Saratoga to refuel the next day. Before the former departed for Tongatapu for temporary repairs, she transferred 17 Wildcats and six Avengers to Saratoga as replacements for the latter's losses.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_under_repair_at_Tongatabu_in_Septermber_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_under_repair_at_Tongatabu_in_Septermber_1942.jpg/220px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_under_repair_at_Tongatabu_in_Septermber_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_under_repair_at_Tongatabu_in_Septermber_1942.jpg/330px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_under_repair_at_Tongatabu_in_Septermber_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_under_repair_at_Tongatabu_in_Septermber_1942.jpg/440px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_under_repair_at_Tongatabu_in_Septermber_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5675" data-file-height="4202" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga under repair at Tongatapu after being torpedoed by I-26, September 1942</figcaption></figure> Fletcher rendezvoused with TF 18 east of <a href="/wiki/San_Cristobal_(Solomon_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Cristobal (Solomon Islands)">San Cristobal</a> on the evening of 26 August and transferred four Wildcats to Wasp the next day to bring the latter's fighters up to strength. TF 17, with the carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Hornet_(CV-8)" title="USS Hornet (CV-8)">Hornet</a>, arrived on 29 August. Two days later, a torpedo from <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-26" title="Japanese submarine I-26">I-26</a> struck Saratoga on her starboard side, just aft of the island. The torpedo wounded a dozen of her sailors, including Fletcher, it flooded one fire room, giving the ship a 4° list, and it caused multiple electrical <a href="/wiki/Short_circuit" title="Short circuit">short circuits</a>. These damaged Saratoga's turbo-electric propulsion system and left her dead in the water for a time. The heavy cruiser Minneapolis took Saratoga in tow while she launched her aircraft for <a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo" title="Espiritu Santo">Espiritu Santo</a>, retaining 36 fighters aboard. By noon, the list had been corrected and she was able to steam under her own power later that afternoon.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Saratoga reached Tongatapu on 6 September and flew off 27 Wildcats for <a href="/wiki/Efate" title="Efate">Efate</a> once she arrived.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The ship received temporary repairs there and sailed for Pearl on 12 September, escorted by the battleship <a href="/wiki/USS_South_Dakota_(BB-57)" title="USS South Dakota (BB-57)">South Dakota</a>, New Orleans and five destroyers. Task Force 11 reached Pearl on 21 September and Saratoga entered <a href="/wiki/Drydock" class="mw-redirect" title="Drydock">drydock</a> the following day for more permanent repairs. Captain Ramsey was promoted on 27 September and replaced by Captain <a href="/wiki/Gerald_F._Bogan" title="Gerald F. Bogan">Gerald F. Bogan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Task Force 11, now commanded by Rear Admiral Ramsey, sailed from Pearl Harbor, bound for <a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a" title="Nouméa">Nouméa</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Viti_Levu" title="Viti Levu">Viti Levu</a>, Fiji, on 12 November 1942 with Saratoga as his flagship. The other ships of the task force consisted of New Orleans, the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_oiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet oiler">fleet oiler</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Kankakee" title="USS Kankakee">Kankakee</a> and six destroyers. The carrier had on board the Wildcats of VF-6, Dauntlesses of VB-3 and VS-6, and the Avengers of VT-3. The ships dropped anchor in Fiji on 22 November, except for New Orleans, which immediately left for Nouméa, escorted by two destroyers. The cruiser was replaced by the light <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft cruiser">anti-aircraft cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_San_Juan_(CL-54)" title="USS San Juan (CL-54)">San Juan</a> on 29 November and the task force sailed for Nouméa on 1 December. After they arrived on 5 December, one of Saratoga's main turbines required repairs which lasted until 13 December.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1943">1943</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1943">edit</a>]</div> On 23 January 1943, Saratoga launched 18 Wildcats of VF-3, 24 Dauntlesses of VB-3 and VS-3, and 17 Avengers of VT-3 for Henderson Field, retaining 16 Wildcats and 15 Dauntlesses for self-defense. The next day they attacked the Japanese airfield at <a href="/wiki/Vila,_Solomon_Islands" title="Vila, Solomon Islands">Vila, Solomon Islands</a> after it had been bombarded by four Allied light cruisers. The aircraft returned to the carrier without loss later that afternoon.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Captain Bogan slipped and badly injured himself on 29 March so Captain <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Mullinnix" title="Henry M. Mullinnix">Henry M. Mullinnix</a> assumed command on 7 April.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_1943-44.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_1943-44.jpg/220px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_1943-44.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_1943-44.jpg/330px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_1943-44.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_1943-44.jpg/440px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_1943-44.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3309" data-file-height="2471" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga in 1943 or 1944</figcaption></figure> With the withdrawal of Enterprise in early May, Saratoga became the only operational American fleet carrier in the South Pacific. Task Force 14, as her group was now known, was reinforced by the anti-aircraft cruiser <a href="/wiki/USS_San_Diego_(CL-53)" title="USS San Diego (CL-53)">San Diego</a> on 3 May and by the British fleet carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Victorious_(R38)" title="HMS Victorious (R38)">Victorious</a> on 17 May.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> At this time Saratoga embarked 34 Wildcats of VF-5, 37 Dauntlesses of VB-3 and VS-3 and 16 Avengers of VT-3<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Ramsey's force was intended to provide distant cover for the impending landings on <a href="/wiki/New_Georgia" title="New Georgia">New Georgia</a> and to prevent intervention by any Japanese carriers. The two carriers spent some weeks familiarizing each other with their capabilities and tactics and Ramsey decided to take advantage of each carrier's strengths. He ordered that the Avengers of <a href="/wiki/832_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="832 Naval Air Squadron">832 Squadron</a> be exchanged for 24 Wildcats from VF-3 as Victorious had difficulty operating the large Avenger and the British carrier possessed better facilities for coordinating fighter operations than Saratoga; the latter retained a dozen Wildcats for self-defense and escort duties. Fortunately, Ramsey never got a chance to test his reorganization as the Japanese carriers made no effort to attack the American transports.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Ramsey was relieved on 26 July and replaced by Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Sherman" title="Frederick C. Sherman">Frederick C. Sherman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fry27-91">[91]</a> Victorious sailed on 31 July for home and left eleven Avengers behind as reserves for Saratoga.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Carrier Air Group 12 was assigned to Saratoga in lieu of Carrier Air Group 3 and flew aboard on 1 August. It was composed of <a href="/wiki/VF-12" title="VF-12">VF-12</a>, VB-12 and VT-12;<a href="#cite_note-fry27-91">[91]</a> the fighter and dive bomber squadrons each had 36 aircraft and the torpedo bomber squadron had half that number. Grumman F6F Hellcats replaced the Wildcats formerly used.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The task force was redesignated as <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_38" class="mw-redirect" title="Task Force 38">Task Force 38</a> on 4 August and Captain <a href="/wiki/John_H._Cassady" title="John H. Cassady">John H. Cassady</a> relieved Mullinix on 22 August after the latter was promoted. The ship was based at <a href="/wiki/Havannah_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Havannah Harbor">Havannah Harbor</a>, Efate and Espiritu Santo from August through November. While refueling at sea on the night of 12 October, Saratoga collided with the oiler <a href="/wiki/USS_Atascosa" title="USS Atascosa">Atascosa</a>, damaging three of her 20-millimeter guns on her port side. On 22 October, she was joined by the light aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Princeton_(CVL-23)" title="USS Princeton (CVL-23)">Princeton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> On 27 October, Task Force 38 provided air cover for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Treasury_Islands" title="Battle of the Treasury Islands">invasion of the Treasury Islands</a>, part of the preliminary operations for the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville Island</a> scheduled a few days later. On the morning of 1 November, Saratoga's aircraft neutralized Japanese airfields at the northern end of the island and on <a href="/wiki/Buka_Island" title="Buka Island">Buka Island</a>. They destroyed 15 Japanese aircraft while losing three Hellcats, one Dauntless, and two Avengers to all causes. While the task force was refuelling on 3–4 November, reconnaissance aircraft discovered Japanese cruisers massing at Rabaul and Admiral Halsey ordered Task Force 38 to attack them with maximal force before they could engage the transports at Bougainville. This translated into an attack group of 23 Avengers and 22 Dauntlesses, escorted by every available fighter on board the two carriers on 5 November; CAP over the carriers was provided by fighters flying from New Georgia.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Rabaul_(November_1943)" title="Bombing of Rabaul (November 1943)">attack</a> caught the Japanese by surprise and badly damaged four heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and a destroyer<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> for the loss of only nine aircraft to all causes.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Saratoga and Princeton attacked Rabaul again on 11 November in conjunction with three carriers of Task Group 50.3. They attacked first, but inflicted little damage due to poor visibility; the other carriers were more successful and further damaged the ships at Rabaul.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Task Force 38 returned to Espiritu Santo on 14 November.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Now known as Task Group 50.4, Saratoga and Princeton were tasked as the Relief Carrier Group for the offensive in the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a>. As part of the preliminary operations, they attacked <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> on 19 November, destroying two fighters and three G4Ms on the ground. As the carriers were withdrawing, they were unsuccessfully attacked by eight more G4Ms, shooting down half of their attackers. TF 50.2 was not attacked during the battle and Saratoga transferred a number of her aircraft to replace losses aboard the other carriers before departing for Pearl Harbor on 30 November.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> She arrived on 4 December and off-loaded her aircraft and stores before proceeding to San Francisco where she arrived on 9 December for a refit and augmentation of her anti-aircraft guns.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1944">1944</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1944">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_underway_in_Puget_Sound_on_7_September_1944_(19-N-72626).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white aerial photo of a warship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway_in_Puget_Sound_on_7_September_1944_%2819-N-72626%29.jpg/220px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway_in_Puget_Sound_on_7_September_1944_%2819-N-72626%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway_in_Puget_Sound_on_7_September_1944_%2819-N-72626%29.jpg/330px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway_in_Puget_Sound_on_7_September_1944_%2819-N-72626%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway_in_Puget_Sound_on_7_September_1944_%2819-N-72626%29.jpg/440px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_underway_in_Puget_Sound_on_7_September_1944_%2819-N-72626%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1673" data-file-height="1233" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga in September 1944</figcaption></figure> Saratoga's refit was completed on 2 January 1944 and she arrived at Pearl Harbor on 7 January. The ship, now the flagship of Rear Admiral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Ginder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Ginder (page does not exist)">Samuel Ginder</a>, commander of Task Group 58.4, sailed from Pearl Harbor on 19 January with <a href="/wiki/USS_Langley_(CVL-27)" title="USS Langley (CVL-27)">Langley</a> and Princeton, to support the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> scheduled to begin on 1 February.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Her air group at this time consisted of 36 Hellcats of VF-12, 24 Dauntlesses of VB-12 and eight Avengers of VT-8.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> As part of the preliminary operations, aircraft from the Task Group attacked airfields at <a href="/wiki/Wotje" class="mw-redirect" title="Wotje">Wotje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taroa" class="mw-redirect" title="Taroa">Taroa</a> on 29–31 January, radio stations at <a href="/wiki/Rongelap_Atoll" title="Rongelap Atoll">Rongelap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utirik_Atoll" title="Utirik Atoll">Utirik Atoll</a> on 1 February,<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> and then attacked Engebi, the main island at <a href="/wiki/Eniwetok_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Eniwetok Atoll">Eniwetok Atoll</a>, from 3 to 6 February, refuelled, and attacked Japanese defenses at Eniwetok again from 10 to 12 February. They provided air support during the entire <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eniwetok" title="Battle of Eniwetok">Battle of Eniwetok</a> which began on 17 February with landings at Engebi and continued until the islands were secured on 24 February. They then protected the Allied forces there until 28 February when land-based aircraft assumed that role.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> On 4 March, Saratoga departed <a href="/wiki/Majuro" title="Majuro">Majuro</a> with an escort of three destroyers to reinforce the Eastern Fleet in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> for attacks on Japanese-controlled territory.<a href="#cite_note-107">[a]</a> She rendezvoused at sea on 27 March with the British force and arrived at <a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>, on 31 March.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> During the next two weeks, the carriers conducted intensive training and rehearsing with the fleet carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Illustrious_(87)" title="HMS Illustrious (87)">Illustrious</a> for an attack on the port city of <a href="/wiki/Sabang,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabang, Indonesia">Sabang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Cockpit" title="Operation Cockpit">Operation Cockpit</a>) scheduled for 19 April. For this operation, Saratoga mustered 27 Hellcats, 24 Dauntlesses and 18 Avengers. The carrier launched 24 Hellcats, 11 Avengers and 18 Dauntlesses while Illustrious contributed 17 <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Barracuda" title="Fairey Barracuda">Fairey Barracuda</a> bombers and 13 <a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair" title="Vought F4U Corsair">Vought F4U Corsair</a> fighters. The attack caught the Japanese by surprise and there was no aerial opposition, so the escorts <a href="/wiki/Strafing" title="Strafing">strafed</a> the airfield and destroyed 24 aircraft on the ground. The port facilities and <a href="/wiki/Oil_depot" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil depot">oil storage tanks</a> were heavily damaged and one small freighter was sunk for the loss of one Hellcat to <a href="/wiki/Flak" class="mw-redirect" title="Flak">flak</a>. The Japanese attempted to attack the fleet with three G4Ms as it was withdrawing, but the CAP shot down all three bombers. Sailing from Ceylon on 6 May, the task force attacked the <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refinery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>, Java, on 17 May after refueling at <a href="/wiki/Exmouth_Gulf" title="Exmouth Gulf">Exmouth Gulf</a>, Australia. Little damage was inflicted on the refinery and only one small ship was sunk for the loss of one of VT-3's Avengers.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> Saratoga was relieved from its assignment with the British the next day and ordered back to Pearl.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> The ship arrived at Pearl on 10 June and remained for several days before departing for Bremerton to begin an overhaul scheduled to last several months. Captain Cassady was relieved by Captain Thomas Sisson on 22 June although he was only briefly in command before Captain Lucian A. Moebus assumed command on 31 July. Saratoga completed her post-refit sea trials on 13 September and arrived at the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Alameda" title="Naval Air Station Alameda">Naval Air Station Alameda</a> on 16 September to begin loading 85 aircraft, 1500 passengers and cargo bound for Pearl Harbor. She departed San Francisco two days later and arrived on 24 September. The ship was assigned to Carrier Division 11 which was tasked to train <a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">night fighter</a> pilots and to develop night tactics and doctrine. Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Gardner" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Gardner">Matthias Gardner</a> made Saratoga his flagship on 10 October. Four days later, the ship was accidentally rammed by her <a href="/wiki/Plane_guard" title="Plane guard">plane guard</a> destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_Clark_(DD-361)" title="USS Clark (DD-361)">Clark</a>, gashing the port side of her hull. Operations were immediately cancelled and she returned to port for temporary repairs. Permanent repairs were made during a brief refit during the first week of November. <a href="/wiki/Carrier_qualification" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier qualification">Carrier qualification</a> and other training continued through most of January 1945.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1945">1945</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1945">edit</a>]</div> On 29 January 1945, Saratoga departed Pearl Harbor for <a href="/wiki/Ulithi_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulithi Atoll">Ulithi Atoll</a> to rendezvous with the Enterprise and form a night fighter task group (TG 58.5/<a href="/wiki/Night_Carrier_Division_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Night Carrier Division 7">Night Carrier Division 7</a>) along with Enterprise, to provide air cover for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">amphibious landings on Iwo Jima</a>. She arrived on 8 February<a href="#cite_note-Fry47-112">[111]</a> with the 53 Hellcats and 17 Avengers of Carrier Air Group (Night) 53<a href="#cite_note-pg9-19">[19]</a> aboard and sailed two days later.<a href="#cite_note-Fry47-112">[111]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Saratoga_Kamikaze_hit_21_February_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/USS_Saratoga_Kamikaze_hit_21_February_1945.jpg/220px-USS_Saratoga_Kamikaze_hit_21_February_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/USS_Saratoga_Kamikaze_hit_21_February_1945.jpg/330px-USS_Saratoga_Kamikaze_hit_21_February_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/USS_Saratoga_Kamikaze_hit_21_February_1945.jpg/440px-USS_Saratoga_Kamikaze_hit_21_February_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga after having been hit by a kamikaze, 21 February 1945</figcaption></figure> The carrier force carried out diversionary strikes on the Japanese home islands on the nights of 16 and 17 February, before the landings began. Saratoga was assigned to provide fighter cover while the remaining carriers launched the strikes on Japan, but in the process, her fighters raided two Japanese airfields. The force fueled on 18 and 19 February, and the ship provided CAP over Iwo Jima on 19–20 February.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> The following day, Saratoga was detached with an escort of three destroyers to join the amphibious forces and carry out night patrols over Iwo Jima and nearby <a href="/wiki/Chichi_Jima" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichi Jima">Chichi Jima</a>. Taking advantage of low cloud cover and Saratoga's weak escort, six Japanese planes scored five bomb hits on the carrier in three minutes; three of the aircraft also struck the carrier.<a href="#cite_note-Smith-114">[113]</a> Saratoga's flight deck forward was wrecked, her starboard side was holed twice and large fires were started in her hangar deck; she lost 123 of her crew dead or missing as well as 192 wounded. Forty of her aircraft were destroyed, including 31 <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">Grumman F6F Hellcat</a> fighters and 9 <a href="/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger">Grumman TBM Avenger</a> torpedo bombers.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith-114">[113]</a> Another attack two hours later further damaged her flight deck.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> Slightly over an hour later, the fires were under control, and Saratoga was able to recover six fighters. The ship was sent to Bremerton for permanent repairs, arriving there on 16 March.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> Because of Saratoga's age and the number of modern carriers in service, the Navy decided to modify her into a training carrier. The aft elevator and its machinery were removed, the opening was plated over and the forward elevator was replaced with a larger model. Part of the hangar deck was converted into classrooms.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> While the ship was still under repair Captain <a href="/wiki/Frank_Peak_Akers" title="Frank Peak Akers">Frank Akers</a> assumed command on 27 April. The post-refit machinery trials on 12 May revealed some problems with one turbine, and an explosion in one 5-inch gun wounded eleven men and wrecked the mount. The full-power trials were completed on 20 May and a new mount was loaded aboard to be installed at Pearl. The ship sailed for NAS Alameda a few days later where she picked up 60 aircraft, 1,200 passengers and some trucks for delivery in Pearl. Saratoga arrived on 1 June and became the flagship of Rear Admiral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_F._Jennings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph F. Jennings (page does not exist)">Ralph F. Jennings</a>, commander of Carrier Division 11. She resumed carrier qualification training on 3 June until she returned to the dockyard on 10 June for the installation of her replacement five-inch gun mount. Jennings transferred his flag to another carrier from 11 to 30 June. She continued training carrier pilots after the Japanese surrender until 6 September.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_during_a_Magic_Carpet_voyage_in_late_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Aerial_view_of_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_during_a_Magic_Carpet_voyage_in_late_1945.jpg/310px-Aerial_view_of_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_during_a_Magic_Carpet_voyage_in_late_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Aerial_view_of_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_during_a_Magic_Carpet_voyage_in_late_1945.jpg/465px-Aerial_view_of_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_during_a_Magic_Carpet_voyage_in_late_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Aerial_view_of_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_during_a_Magic_Carpet_voyage_in_late_1945.jpg/620px-Aerial_view_of_USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_during_a_Magic_Carpet_voyage_in_late_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga during an Operation Magic Carpet voyage in 1945</figcaption></figure> Over the span of the ship's 17-year career, Saratoga's aviators landed on her deck 98,549 times, then the record for the most carrier landings.<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> Saratoga received eight <a href="/wiki/Battle_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle star">battle stars</a> for her World War II service.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> After the war, the ship took part in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Magic_Carpet" title="Operation Magic Carpet">Operation Magic Carpet</a>, the repatriation of American servicemen from the <a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater of Operations United States Army">European</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China_Burma_India_Theater_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="China Burma India Theater of World War II">Asian</a> theaters. She left Hawaii on 9 September with 3,712 Navy officers and enlisted men bound for the United States. In the course of the operation, she returned 29,204 veterans, the highest total for any individual vessel.<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_years">Postwar years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Postwar years">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_the_Crossroads_Baker_atomic_test,_less_than_one_second_after_the_detonation,_on_25_July_1946_(NH_96250).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Aerial_view_of_the_Crossroads_Baker_atomic_test%2C_less_than_one_second_after_the_detonation%2C_on_25_July_1946_%28NH_96250%29.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_the_Crossroads_Baker_atomic_test%2C_less_than_one_second_after_the_detonation%2C_on_25_July_1946_%28NH_96250%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Aerial_view_of_the_Crossroads_Baker_atomic_test%2C_less_than_one_second_after_the_detonation%2C_on_25_July_1946_%28NH_96250%29.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_the_Crossroads_Baker_atomic_test%2C_less_than_one_second_after_the_detonation%2C_on_25_July_1946_%28NH_96250%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Aerial_view_of_the_Crossroads_Baker_atomic_test%2C_less_than_one_second_after_the_detonation%2C_on_25_July_1946_%28NH_96250%29.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_the_Crossroads_Baker_atomic_test%2C_less_than_one_second_after_the_detonation%2C_on_25_July_1946_%28NH_96250%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1729" data-file-height="1298" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga (front) during the Baker detonation</figcaption></figure> Saratoga was surplus to postwar requirements with the large numbers of Essex-class carriers in service,<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> and she was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossroads" title="Operation Crossroads">Operation Crossroads</a> on 22 January 1946. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operation_Crossroads">Operation Crossroads</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Operation Crossroads">edit</a>]</div> This was a test conducted at <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a> to evaluate the effect of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a> on ships. Captain Stanhope Ring assumed command on 6 March, but was relieved on 2 June by Captain Donald MacMahan. The ship hosted comedian <a href="/wiki/Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a>'s radio show on 21 April, while Saratoga was berthed in San Francisco before her departure for Bikini.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> She departed from pier 33 and headed out the Golden Gate on 1 May 1946.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)_sinking_in_Bikini_Atoll_lagoon,_25_July_1946_(520999).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_sinking_in_Bikini_Atoll_lagoon%2C_25_July_1946_%28520999%29.jpg/220px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_sinking_in_Bikini_Atoll_lagoon%2C_25_July_1946_%28520999%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_sinking_in_Bikini_Atoll_lagoon%2C_25_July_1946_%28520999%29.jpg/330px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_sinking_in_Bikini_Atoll_lagoon%2C_25_July_1946_%28520999%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_sinking_in_Bikini_Atoll_lagoon%2C_25_July_1946_%28520999%29.jpg/440px-USS_Saratoga_%28CV-3%29_sinking_in_Bikini_Atoll_lagoon%2C_25_July_1946_%28520999%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2773" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>Saratoga (center) sinking, 25 July 1946</figcaption></figure> Operation Crossroads began with the first blast (Test Able), an <a href="/wiki/Air_burst" title="Air burst">air burst</a> on 1 July 1946. Saratoga survived the explosion with only minor damage, including the ignition of the teak of her flight deck. A <a href="/wiki/Skeleton_crew" title="Skeleton crew">skeleton crew</a> boarded Saratoga the following day to prepare her for the next test on 25 July. The ship was sunk by Test Baker, an underwater blast which was detonated under <a href="/wiki/USS_LSM-60" title="USS LSM-60">LSM-60</a> 400 yards (370 m) from the carrier. The force of the explosion lifted the vessel out of the water, knocked everything off her flight deck and knocked most of her funnel onto the flight deck.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> She was struck from the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Vessel_Register" title="Naval Vessel Register">Naval Vessel Register</a> on 15 August 1946.<a href="#cite_note-DANFS-1">[1]</a> In recent years, the submerged wreck, the top of which is only 50 ft (15 m) below the surface, has become a <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a> destination, one of only three carrier wrecks accessible to recreational divers (the others are the <a href="/wiki/USS_Oriskany" title="USS Oriskany">Oriskany</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hermes_(95)" title="HMS Hermes (95)">HMS Hermes</a>, off <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.)<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> After a hiatus of several years, dive trips resumed in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&params=11_34_53_N_165_29_55_E_">11°34′53″N 165°29′55″E / 11.58139°N 165.49861°E / 11.58139; 165.49861</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_decorations">Awards and decorations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Awards and decorations">edit</a>]</div> Saratoga received four campaign decorations for her service during the Second World War, with eight <a href="/wiki/Service_star" title="Service star">battle stars</a> awarded for action in the Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> <table style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:103px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/103px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="103" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/155px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/206px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/103px-American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="103" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/155px-American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/206px-American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; width:103px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 4px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver-service-star-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver service star"><img alt="Silver star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/18px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/27px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/36px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="476" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 29px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 55px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 81px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/103px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="103" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/155px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/206px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/103px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="103" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/155px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/206px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="140" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Service_Medal" title="American Defense Service Medal">American Defense Service Medal</a> with "Fleet" clasp </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Campaign_Medal" title="American Campaign Medal">American Campaign Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal">Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal</a> with 8 <a href="/wiki/Service_star" title="Service star">stars</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="World War II Victory Medal (United States)">World War II Victory Medal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> This allowed the British aircraft carrier Victorious to remain longer in the North Sea and carry out <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tungsten" title="Operation Tungsten">an attack on the German battleship Tirpitz</a> in Norway.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DANFS-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_1-10">k</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/saratoga-v.html">Saratoga V (CV-3) at Naval History & Heritage Command</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Friedman 1984, pp. 88, 91, 94, 97–99 </li> <li id="cite_note-USN_Ship_Types-3"><a href="#cite_ref-USN_Ship_Types_3-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Navy Department, Naval Historical Center. 26 February 2004. Retrieved 15 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lexington+Class+%28CC-1+through+CC-6%29&rft.pub=Navy+Department%2C+Naval+Historical+Center&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Four-collections%2Fphotography%2Fnumerical-list-of-images%2Fnhhc-series%2Fnh-series%2FNH-61000%2FNH-61245.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doooomed-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Doooomed_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B01EFD71739EF3ABC4B53DFB3668389639EDE">"Board for Selling Doomed Warships; Admirals Oppose Sinking at Sea Under Terms of the Five Power Naval Treaty"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 2 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navsource&rft.atitle=USS+Saratoga+CV-3&rft.date=2023-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navsource.org%2Farchives%2F02%2F03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonBaker1977" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, Richard M. & Baker, Arthur D. III (1977). "CV-2 Lex and CV-3 Sara". Warship International. XIV (4): 291–328. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-0374">0043-0374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Warship+International&rft.atitle=CV-2+Lex+and+CV-3+Sara&rft.volume=XIV&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=291-328&rft.date=1977&rft.issn=0043-0374&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft.au=Baker%2C+Arthur+D.+III&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerhow2004" class="citation book cs1">Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2004). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide (Second ed.). CDSG Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9748167-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9748167-0-1"><bdi>0-9748167-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Seacoast+Defenses%2C+A+Reference+Guide&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=CDSG+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-9748167-0-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2009" class="citation book cs1">Brown, J. D. (2009). Carrier Operations in World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-108-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-108-2"><bdi>978-1-59114-108-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carrier+Operations+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59114-108-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman,_Norman1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Friedman" title="Norman Friedman">Friedman, Norman</a> (1983). U.S. Aircraft Carriers: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-739-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-739-9"><bdi>0-87021-739-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Aircraft+Carriers%3A+An+Illustrated+Design+History&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-87021-739-9&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman1984" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Norman (1984). U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-718-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-718-6"><bdi>0-87021-718-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Cruisers%3A+An+Illustrated+Design+History&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-87021-718-6&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFry1996" class="citation book cs1">Fry, John (1996). USS Saratoga CV-3: An Illustrated History of the Legendary Aircraft Carrier 1927–1946. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7643-0089-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7643-0089-X"><bdi>0-7643-0089-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=USS+Saratoga+CV-3%3A+An+Illustrated+History+of+the+Legendary+Aircraft+Carrier+1927%E2%80%931946&rft.place=Atglen%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Schiffer+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7643-0089-X&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundstrom2005" class="citation book cs1">Lundstrom, John B. (2005). The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59114-471-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-59114-471-X"><bdi>1-59114-471-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Team%3A+Pacific+Naval+Air+Combat+from+Pearl+Harbor+to+Midway&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59114-471-X&rft.aulast=Lundstrom&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundstrom1994" class="citation book cs1">Lundstrom, John B. (1994). The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-526-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-526-8"><bdi>1-55750-526-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Team+and+the+Guadalcanal+Campaign&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-55750-526-8&rft.aulast=Lundstrom&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNofi2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Nofi" title="Albert Nofi">Nofi, Albert A.</a> (2010). To Train the Fleet for War: The U.S. Navy Fleet Problems. Naval War College Historical Monograph. Vol. 18. Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884733-69-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884733-69-7"><bdi>978-1-884733-69-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Train+the+Fleet+for+War%3A+The+U.S.+Navy+Fleet+Problems&rft.place=Newport%2C+Rhode+Island&rft.series=Naval+War+College+Historical+Monograph&rft.pub=Naval+War+College+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-884733-69-7&rft.aulast=Nofi&rft.aufirst=Albert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolmarGenda2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Polmar, Norman; <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Genda" title="Minoru Genda">Genda, Minoru</a> (2006). Aircraft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation and Its Influence on World Events. Vol. 1, 1909–1945. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57488-663-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57488-663-0"><bdi>1-57488-663-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Carriers%3A+A+History+of+Carrier+Aviation+and+Its+Influence+on+World+Events&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-57488-663-0&rft.aulast=Polmar&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.au=Genda%2C+Minoru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohwer2005" class="citation book cs1">Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59114-119-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-59114-119-2"><bdi>1-59114-119-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+War+at+Sea+1939%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Naval+History+of+World+War+Two&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.edition=Third+Revised&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59114-119-2&rft.aulast=Rohwer&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/saratoga-v.html">"Saratoga V"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_American_Naval_Fighting_Ships" title="Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships">Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships</a>. <a href="/wiki/Naval_History_%26_Heritage_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval History & Heritage Command">Naval History & Heritage Command</a> (NH&HC). Retrieved 10 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+American+Naval+Fighting+Ships&rft.atitle=Saratoga+V&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fresearch%2Fhistories%2Fship-histories%2Fdanfs%2Fs%2Fsaratoga-v.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStahura2003" class="citation book cs1">Stahura, Barbara (2003). U.S. S. Saratoga: CV-3 & CVA/CV-60 (Revised ed.). Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56311-855-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-56311-855-6"><bdi>1-56311-855-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+S.+Saratoga%3A+CV-3+%26+CVA%2FCV-60&rft.place=Paducah%2C+Kentucky&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Turner+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-56311-855-6&rft.aulast=Stahura&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern1993" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Robert C. (1993). The Lexington Class Carriers. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-503-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-503-9"><bdi>1-55750-503-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lexington+Class+Carriers&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-55750-503-9&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStille2005" class="citation book cs1">Stille, Mark (2005). US Navy Aircraft Carriers 1922–1945: Prewar Classes. New Vanguard. Vol. 114. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-890-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-890-1"><bdi>1-84176-890-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=US+Navy+Aircraft+Carriers+1922%E2%80%931945%3A+Prewar+Classes&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.series=New+Vanguard&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-84176-890-1&rft.aulast=Stille&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTullyCasse,_Gilbert2012" class="citation web cs1">Tully, Anthony P.; Casse, Gilbert (March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combinedfleet.com/ryujo.htm">"IJN Ryujo: Tabular Record of Movement"</a>. Combinedfleet. Retrieved 28 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IJN+Ryujo%3A+Tabular+Record+of+Movement&rft.pub=Combinedfleet&rft.date=2012-03&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=Anthony+P.&rft.au=Casse%2C+Gilbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.combinedfleet.com%2Fryujo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWadle2005" class="citation book cs1">Wadle, Ryan David (August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150526133111/http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/2658/etd-tamu-2005B-HIST-Wadle.pdf">United States Navy Fleet Problems and the Development of Carrier Aviation, 1929–1933</a> (PDF). College Station, Texas: Texas A & M University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/2658/etd-tamu-2005B-HIST-Wadle.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Navy+Fleet+Problems+and+the+Development+of+Carrier+Aviation%2C+1929%E2%80%931933&rft.place=College+Station%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Texas+A+%26+M+University&rft.date=2005-08&rft.aulast=Wadle&rft.aufirst=Ryan+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.tamu.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1969.1%2F2658%2Fetd-tamu-2005B-HIST-Wadle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Saratoga+%28CV-3%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_American_Naval_Fighting_Ships" title="Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships">Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships</a>. The entry can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/saratoga-v.html">here</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:USS Saratoga (CV-3)">USS Saratoga (CV-3)</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOu11kK5os0">Landing mishaps on the USS Saratoga (1938 and 1939)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uss-saratoga.com">USS Saratoga Association homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100405084644/http://hnsa.org/doc/plans/index.htm">General Plan for the U.S.S. Saratoga (CV-3)</a>, hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hnsa.org/">Historical Naval Ships Association (HNSA) Digital Collections</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030414175500/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-s/cv3.htm">Navy photographs of Saratoga (CV-3)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030422082445/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-s/cc3.htm">Saratoga under construction as a battlecruiser</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121209024356/http://digital.hagley.org/u?/p268001uw,260">Image from the launching of the U.S.S. Saratoga</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ESgDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Mechanics+1931+curtiss&pg=PA56">"How Swift Navy Planes Hit the Spot On Carriers Deck", December 1931, Popular Science</a> large 1931 on aircraft operation on CV-3</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikiniatoll.com/divetour1.html">Scuba diving to the U.S.S. Saratoga</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lexington-class_battlecruisers_/_Lexington-class_aircraft_carriers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lexington-class_battlecruiser" title="Lexington-class battlecruiser">Lexington-class battlecruisers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lexington-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Lexington-class aircraft carrier">Lexington-class aircraft carriers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">BattlecruisersX</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Lexington_(CV-2)" title="USS Lexington (CV-2)">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington-class_battlecruiser" title="Lexington-class battlecruiser">Constellation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington-class_battlecruiser" title="Lexington-class battlecruiser">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington-class_battlecruiser" title="Lexington-class battlecruiser">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington-class_battlecruiser" title="Lexington-class battlecruiser">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aircraft carriersC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Lexington_(CV-2)" title="USS Lexington (CV-2)">Lexington</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saratoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>C</dt> <dd>Converted from battlecruisers in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Washington Naval Treaty</a></dd> <dt>X</dt> <dd>Cancelled and scrapped in accordance with the Washington Naval Treaty</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/USS_Langley_(CV-1)" title="USS Langley (CV-1)">USS Langley</a></li> <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/USS_Ranger_(CV-4)" title="USS Ranger (CV-4)">USS Ranger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battlecruisers_of_the_United_States" title="List of battlecruisers of the United States">List of battlecruisers of the United States Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_carriers_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy">List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1946" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1946_shipwrecks" title="Template:1946 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1946_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:1946 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1946_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1946 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1946" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1946</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1946" title="List of shipwrecks in 1946">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1 Jan: <a href="/wiki/USS_Dorsey" title="USS Dorsey">USS Dorsey</a></li> <li>2 Jan: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-516" title="German submarine U-516">U-516</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-2502" title="German submarine U-2502">U-2502</a></li> <li>3 Jan: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Empire_ships_(Th%E2%80%93Ty)#Empire_Tigachi" title="List of Empire ships (Th–Ty)">Empire Tigachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-825" title="German submarine U-825">U-825</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-2336" title="German submarine U-2336">U-2336</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-2351" title="German submarine U-2351">U-2351</a></li> <li>5 Jan: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-541" title="German submarine U-541">U-541</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-901" title="German submarine U-901">U-901</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-2506" title="German submarine U-2506">U-2506</a></li> <li>6 Jan: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1109" title="German submarine U-1109">U-1109</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-2356" title="German submarine U-2356">U-2356</a></li> <li>7 Jan: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1010" title="German submarine U-1010">U-1010</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1023" title="German submarine U-1023">U-1023</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-2511" title="German submarine U-2511">U-2511</a></li> <li>8 Jan: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Safari" title="HMS Safari">HMS Safari</a></li> <li>14 Jan: <a href="/wiki/USS_Snowbell" title="USS Snowbell">USS Snowbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Southard" title="USS Southard">USS Southard</a></li> <li>28 Jan: <a href="/wiki/Bluenose" title="Bluenose">Bluenose</a></li> <li>30 Jan: <a href="/wiki/SS_Luray_Victory" title="SS Luray Victory">Luray Victory</a></li> <li>January (unknown date): <a href="/wiki/Japanese_gunboat_Akagi" title="Japanese gunboat Akagi">Akagi Maru</a></li> <li>2 Feb: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-764" title="German submarine U-764">U-764</a></li> <li>3 Feb: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-219" title="German submarine U-219">I-505</a></li> <li>5 Feb: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1228" title="German submarine U-1228">U-1228</a></li> <li>10 Feb: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-975" title="German submarine U-975">U-975</a></li> <li>12 Feb: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-181" title="German submarine U-181">I-501</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-3514" title="German submarine U-3514">U-3514</a></li> <li>14 Feb: <a href="/wiki/Fulham_Power_Station#Collier_fleet_and_war_damage" title="Fulham Power Station">Fulham VII</a></li> <li>15 Feb: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-862" title="German submarine U-862">I-502</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-195" title="German submarine U-195">I-506</a></li> <li>February (unknown date): <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1197" title="German submarine U-1197">U-1197</a></li> <li>1 Mar: <a href="/wiki/SS_Sackett%27s_Harbor" title="SS Sackett's Harbor">Sackett's Harbor</a></li> <li>4 Mar: <a href="/wiki/USS_Extricate" title="USS Extricate">USS Extricate</a></li> <li>6 Mar: <a href="/wiki/SS_George_W._Norris" title="SS George W. Norris">George W. Norris</a></li> <li>11 Mar: <a href="/wiki/USS_Roche" title="USS Roche">USS Roche</a></li> <li>16 Mar: <a href="/wiki/Evan_Thomas,_Radcliffe_and_Company#Evan_Thomas_Radcliffe_Ships" title="Evan Thomas, Radcliffe and Company">Karl Leonhardt</a></li> <li>26 Mar: <a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_Z34" title="German destroyer Z34">Z34</a></li> <li>27 Mar: <a href="/wiki/HM_LST-405" title="HM LST-405">HM LST-405</a></li> <li>1 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SS_Charles_S._Haight" title="SS Charles S. Haight">Charles S. Haight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-103" title="Japanese submarine Ha-103">Ha-103</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-105" title="Japanese submarine Ha-105">Ha-105</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-106" title="Japanese submarine Ha-106">Ha-106</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-107" title="Japanese submarine Ha-107">Ha-107</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-108" title="Japanese submarine Ha-108">Ha-108</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-109" title="Japanese submarine Ha-109">Ha-109</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-111" title="Japanese submarine Ha-111">Ha-111</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-201" title="Japanese submarine Ha-201">Ha-201</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-202" title="Japanese submarine Ha-202">Ha-202</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-203" title="Japanese submarine Ha-203">Ha-203</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-208" title="Japanese submarine Ha-208">Ha-208</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-36" title="Japanese submarine I-36">I-36</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-47" title="Japanese submarine I-47">I-47</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-53_(1942)" title="Japanese submarine I-53 (1942)">I-53</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-58_(1943)" title="Japanese submarine I-58 (1943)">I-58</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-156" title="Japanese submarine I-156">I-156</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-157" title="Japanese submarine I-157">I-157</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-158" title="Japanese submarine I-158">I-158</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-159" title="Japanese submarine I-159">I-159</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-162" title="Japanese submarine I-162">I-162</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-366" title="Japanese submarine I-366">I-366</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-367" title="Japanese submarine I-367">I-367</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-402" title="Japanese submarine I-402">I-402</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-50" title="Japanese submarine Ro-50">Ro-50</a></li> <li>4 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_S-35" title="USS S-35">USS S-35</a></li> <li>5 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-207" title="Japanese submarine Ha-207">Ha-207</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-210" title="Japanese submarine Ha-210">Ha-210</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-216" title="Japanese submarine Ha-216">Ha-216</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-202" title="Japanese submarine I-202">I-202</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-31" title="Japanese submarine Ro-31">Ro-31</a></li> <li>8 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Boston_(1884)" title="USS Boston (1884)">USS Despatch</a></li> <li>9 Apr: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Empire_ships_(B)#Empire_Bridge" title="List of Empire ships (B)">Empire Bridge</a> </li> <li>16 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Comandante_Cappellini_(1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian submarine Comandante Cappellini (1939)">I-503</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Luigi_Torelli" title="Italian submarine Luigi Torelli">I-504</a></li> <li>21 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Empire_Christopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire Christopher">Empire Christopher</a> </li> <li>24 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SS_Alfios_(1920)" title="SS Alfios (1920)">Alfios</a></li> <li>30 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SS_Georgetown_Victory" title="SS Georgetown Victory">Georgetown Victory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-121" title="Japanese submarine I-121">I-121</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-68" title="Japanese submarine Ro-68">Ro-68</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-511" title="German submarine U-511">Ro-500</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Solar" title="USS Solar">USS Solar</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Stubborn" title="HMS Stubborn">HMS Stubborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Tolga" title="HMAS Tolga">HMAS Tolga</a></li> <li>1 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Tarantula" title="HMS Tarantula">HMS Tarantula</a></li> <li>8 May: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-53_(1925)" title="Japanese submarine I-53 (1925)">I-153</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-54_(1926)" title="Japanese submarine I-54 (1926)">I-154</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-55_(1925)" title="Japanese submarine I-55 (1925)">I-155</a></li> <li>9 May: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ha-205" title="Japanese submarine Ha-205">Ha-205</a> </li> <li>14 May: <a href="/wiki/USS_Bellona" title="USS Bellona">USS Bellona</a></li> <li>21 May: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-203" title="Japanese submarine I-203">I-203</a></li> <li>23 May: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-201" title="Japanese submarine I-201">I-201</a></li> <li>24 May: DD-224 (ex-<a href="/wiki/USS_Stewart_(DD-224)" title="USS Stewart (DD-224)">USS Stewart</a>)</li> <li>28 May: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-14" title="Japanese submarine I-14">I-14</a></li> <li>31 May: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-401" title="Japanese submarine I-401">I-401</a></li> <li>May (unknown date): <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-62" title="Japanese submarine Ro-62">Ro-62</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-63" title="Japanese submarine Ro-63">Ro-63</a></li> <li>4 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-400" title="Japanese submarine I-400">I-400</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_escort_Kunashiri" title="Japanese escort Kunashiri">Kunashiri</a></li> <li>7 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Kamikaze_(1922)" title="Japanese destroyer Kamikaze (1922)">Kamikaze</a></li> <li>8 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_My%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Japanese cruiser Myōkō">Myōkō</a></li> <li>9 Jun: <a href="/wiki/USS_Solar" title="USS Solar">USS Solar</a></li> <li>1 Jul: <a href="/wiki/USS_Anderson" title="USS Anderson">USS Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Carlisle" title="USS Carlisle">USS Carlisle</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Gilliam" title="USS Gilliam">USS Gilliam</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Lamson_(DD-367)" title="USS Lamson (DD-367)">USS Lamson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Sakawa" title="Japanese cruiser Sakawa">Sakawa</a></li> <li>25 Jul: <a href="/wiki/USS_Apogon" title="USS Apogon">USS Apogon</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Arkansas_(BB-33)" title="USS Arkansas (BB-33)">USS Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_LSM-60" title="USS LSM-60">USS LSM-60</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Pilotfish" title="USS Pilotfish">USS Pilotfish</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">USS Saratoga</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Skipjack_(SS-184)" title="USS Skipjack (SS-184)">USS Skipjack</a></li> <li>30 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Nagato" title="Japanese battleship Nagato">Nagato</a></li> <li>2 Aug: <a href="/wiki/MV_Empire_Cross" title="MV Empire Cross">Empire Cross</a></li> <li>August (unknown date): <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-372" title="Japanese submarine I-372">I-372</a></li> <li>19 Sep: <a href="/wiki/SS_Ohio_(1940)" title="SS Ohio (1940)">Ohio</a></li> <li>16 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Cassius_Hudson" title="SS Cassius Hudson">Cassius Hudson</a></li> <li>17 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Waree" title="HMAS Waree">HMAS Waree</a></li> <li>19 Oct: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Takao_(1930)" title="Japanese cruiser Takao (1930)">Takao</a></li> <li>13 Nov: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-977" title="German submarine U-977">U-977</a></li> <li>20 Nov: <a href="/wiki/MV_Empire_Albany" title="MV Empire Albany">Albany</a></li> <li>27 Nov: <a href="/wiki/SS_Laksnes" title="SS Laksnes">Laksnes</a></li> <li>2 Dec: <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Middlesex" title="HMCS Middlesex">HMCS Middlesex</a></li> <li>6 Dec: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-2326" title="German submarine U-2326">N35</a></li> <li>8 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SS_Europa_(1928)" title="SS Europa (1928)">Liberté</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Saltburn" title="HMS Saltburn">HMS Saltburn</a></li> <li>16 Dec: <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Leipzig" title="German cruiser Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_Z29" title="German destroyer Z29">Z29</a></li> <li>22 Dec: <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Prinz_Eugen" title="German cruiser Prinz Eugen">Prinz Eugen</a></li> <li>24 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SS_Northeastern_Victory" title="SS Northeastern Victory">Northeastern Victory</a></li> <li>26 Dec: <a href="/wiki/USAT_Brigadier_General_M._G._Zalinski" title="USAT Brigadier General M. G. Zalinski">Brigadier General M. G. Zalinski</a></li> <li>31 Dec: <a href="/wiki/MV_Monte_Pascoal_(1930)" title="MV Monte Pascoal (1930)">Monte Pascoal</a>, <a href="/wiki/MS_Schwabenland_(1925)" title="MS Schwabenland (1925)">Schwabenland</a></li> <li>Unknown date: <a href="/wiki/SMS_V190" title="SMS V190">Claus Von Bevern</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Truant" title="HMS Truant">HMS Truant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Yu_1007" title="Japanese submarine Yu 1007">Yu 1007</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>26 Jan: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-201" title="Japanese submarine I-201">I-201</a></li> <li>29 Jan: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-203" title="Japanese submarine I-203">I-203</a></li> <li>10 Feb: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Saga" title="HMS Saga">HMS Saga</a></li> <li>14 Feb: <a href="/wiki/USNS_Antioch" title="USNS Antioch">Alfred Victory</a></li> <li>3 Mar: <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Orph%C3%A9e" title="French submarine Orphée">Orphée</a></li> <li>17 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Wasp_(CV-18)" title="USS Wasp (CV-18)">USS Wasp</a></li> <li>8 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Orion_(85)" title="HMS Orion (85)">HMS Orion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a>), <a href="/wiki/HMS_Superb_(25)" title="HMS Superb (25)">HMS Superb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a>)</li> <li>15 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Diomede_(D92)" title="HMS Diomede (D92)">HMS Diomede</a></li> <li>1 Jul: <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Prinz_Eugen" title="German cruiser Prinz Eugen">Prinz Eugen</a></li> <li>25 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Nagato" title="Japanese battleship Nagato">Nagato</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Prinz_Eugen" title="German cruiser Prinz Eugen">Prinz Eugen</a></li> <li>Jul: <a href="/wiki/SS_Patrick_Henry" title="SS Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a></li> <li>24 Sep <a href="/wiki/RFA_Green_Ranger" title="RFA Green Ranger">RFA Green Ranger</a></li> <li>22 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Mauritius_(80)" title="HMS Mauritius (80)">HMS Mauritius</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a>), <a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Leander" title="HMNZS Leander">HMS Leander</a> ;(<a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a>), <a href="/wiki/HMS_Saumarez_(G12)" title="HMS Saumarez (G12)">HMS Saumarez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a>), <a href="/wiki/HMS_Volage_(R41)" title="HMS Volage (R41)">HMS Volage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a>)</li> <li>12 Nov: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ocean_(R68)" title="HMS Ocean (R68)">HMS Ocean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a>)</li> <li>8 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SS_Lowland" title="SS Lowland">Empire Eden</a></li> <li>6 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SS_Niels_Poulson" title="SS Niels Poulson">Niels Poulson</a></li> <li>Unknown date: <a href="/wiki/MV_Brown_Bear" title="MV Brown Bear">Brown Bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-201" title="Japanese submarine I-201">I-201</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-203" title="Japanese submarine I-203">I-203</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in 1945">1945</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in 1945"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1947" title="List of shipwrecks in 1947"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1947" title="List of shipwrecks in 1947">1947</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_December_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in December 1945">December 1945</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_December_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in December 1945"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recreational_dive_sites" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Recreational_dive_sites" title="Template:Recreational dive sites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Recreational_dive_sites" title="Template talk:Recreational dive sites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recreational_dive_sites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recreational dive sites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recreational_dive_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_dive_sites" title="Recreational dive sites">Recreational dive sites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reef_diving_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Reef diving regions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akumal" title="Akumal">Akumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliwal_Shoal_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area">Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliwal_Shoal" title="Aliwal Shoal">Aliwal Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amed_(Bali)" title="Amed (Bali)">Amed (Bali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabini,_Batangas#Attractions" title="Mabini, Batangas">Anilao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_Island" title="Apo Island">Apo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_Reef" title="Apo Reef">Apo Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrecifes_de_Cozumel_National_Park" title="Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park">Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs" title="Bay of Pigs">Bay of Pigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Barrier_Reef" title="Belize Barrier Reef">Belize Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscayne_National_Park" title="Biscayne National Park">Biscayne National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol_Sea" title="Bohol Sea">Bohol Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowie_Seamount" title="Bowie Seamount">Bowie Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunaken" title="Bunaken">Bunaken</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunaken_National_Park" title="Bunaken National Park">Bunaken National Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuita_National_Park" title="Cahuita National Park">Cahuita National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calve_Island" title="Calve Island">Calve Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capurgan%C3%A1" title="Capurganá">Capurganá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Airkewwa" title="Ċirkewwa">Ċirkewwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Villa_Peninsula" title="Cliff Villa Peninsula">Cliff Villa Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel" title="Cozumel">Cozumel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhilba_Guuranda-Innes_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park">Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonds_Underwater_Park" title="Edmonds Underwater Park">Edmonds Underwater Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Ikhwa_Islands" title="El Ikhwa Islands">El Ikhwa Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_Bay" title="False Bay">False Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ar_Qawqla" title="Għar Qawqla">Għar Qawqla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gili_Islands" title="Gili Islands">Gili Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_Reef" title="Great Southern Reef">Great Southern Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Island_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve">Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haql" title="Haql">Haql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hol_Chan_Marine_Reserve" title="Hol Chan Marine Reserve">Hol Chan Marine Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISimangaliso_Marine_Protected_Area" title="ISimangaliso Marine Protected Area">iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodwana_Bay" title="Sodwana Bay">Sodwana Bay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pennekamp_Coral_Reef_State_Park" title="John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park">John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadmat_Island" title="Kadmat Island">Kadmat Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko_Tao" title="Ko Tao">Ko Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_Reef" title="Lighthouse Reef">Lighthouse Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantanani_Islands" title="Mantanani Islands">Mantanani Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malapascua" title="Malapascua">Malapascua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin%27s_Haven" title="Martin's Haven">Martin's Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsa_Alam" title="Marsa Alam">Marsa Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_Reef" title="Molasses Reef">Molasses Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molokini" title="Molokini">Molokini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_Islands" title="Neptune Islands">Neptune Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osprey_Reef" title="Osprey Reef">Osprey Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palancar_Reef" title="Palancar Reef">Palancar Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panglao,_Bohol" title="Panglao, Bohol">Panglao, Bohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescador_Island" title="Pescador Island">Pescador Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Saint_Vincent" title="Petit Saint Vincent">Petit Saint Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Knights_Islands" title="Poor Knights Islands">Poor Knights Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteau_Cove_Provincial_Park" title="Porteau Cove Provincial Park">Porteau Cove Provincial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Galera" title="Puerto Galera">Puerto Galera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punta_Cana" title="Punta Cana">Punta Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Muhammad_National_Park" title="Ras Muhammad National Park">Ras Muhammad National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondo_Island" title="Rondo Island">Rondo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottnest_Island" title="Rottnest Island">Rottnest Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_(island)" title="San Andrés (island)">San Andrés (island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_Nolasco_Island" title="San Pedro Nolasco Island">San Pedro Nolasco Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%CA%BDb_Abu_Nu%C4%A7as" title="Shaʽb Abu Nuħas">Shaʽb Abu Nuħas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadwan_Island" title="Shadwan Island">Shadwan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Similan_Islands" title="Similan Islands">Similan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipadan" title="Sipadan">Sipadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socorro_Island" title="Socorro Island">Socorro Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_of_Mull" title="Sound of Mull">Sound of Mull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Crispin%27s_Reef" title="St. Crispin's Reef">St. Crispin's Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain_National_Park_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area">Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taganga" title="Taganga">Taganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsitsikamma_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area">Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubbataha_Reef" title="Tubbataha Reef">Tubbataha Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utila" title="Utila">Utila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakatobi_Regency" title="Wakatobi Regency">Wakatobi Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weh_Island" title="Weh Island">Weh Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reef_dive_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Reef dive sites</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Window" title="Azure Window">Azure Window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_Hole" title="Cod Hole">Cod Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalus_Reef" title="Daedalus Reef">Daedalus Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_Arch" title="Darwin's Arch">Darwin's Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Throat_at_Punta_Sur" title="Devil's Throat at Punta Sur">Devil's Throat at Punta Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elphinstone_Reef" title="Elphinstone Reef">Elphinstone Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyemouth" title="Eyemouth">Eyemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanadir" title="Fanadir">Fanadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederiksted_Pier" title="Frederiksted Pier">Frederiksted Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Reef" title="French Reef">French Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fowey_Rocks_Light" title="Fowey Rocks Light">Fowey Rocks Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamul_Kebir" title="Gamul Kebir">Gamul Kebir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsea_Point_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillsea Point Rock">Hillsea Point Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Sea,_Gozo" title="Inland Sea, Gozo">Inland Sea, Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennack_Sands" title="Kennack Sands">Kennack Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Manacles" title="The Manacles">The Manacles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic Point">Magic Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_Hole" class="mw-redirect" title="Octopus Hole">Octopus Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Eye" title="Pope's Eye">Pope's Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsea_Hole" title="Portsea Hole">Portsea Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Valley">Second Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sund_Rock" title="Sund Rock">Sund Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Abbs" title="St Abbs">St Abbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stingray_City,_Grand_Cayman" title="Stingray City, Grand Cayman">Stingray City, Grand Cayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Rock_(Queensland)" title="Wolf Rock (Queensland)">Wolf Rock</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_reef" title="Artificial reef">Artificial reefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edithburgh" title="Edithburgh">Edithburgh jetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Artificial_Reef" title="Gibraltar Artificial Reef">Gibraltar Artificial Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkanti_Reef" title="Merkanti Reef">Merkanti Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Hughes,_South_Australia" title="Port Hughes, South Australia">Port Hughes jetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Noarlunga,_South_Australia" title="Port Noarlunga, South Australia">Port Noarlunga jetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Bay,_South_Australia" title="Rapid Bay, South Australia">Rapid Bay jetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_River_Reef" title="Shark River Reef">Shark River Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Channel_Fort" title="South Channel Fort">South Channel Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_Reef" title="Osborne Reef">Osborne Reef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater artworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn_Underwater_Museum" title="Cancún Underwater Museum">Cancún Underwater Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_of_the_Abyss" title="Christ of the Abyss">Christ of the Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_Heroes" title="Circle of Heroes">Circle of Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristu_tal-Ba%C4%A7%C4%A7ara" title="Kristu tal-Baħħara">Kristu tal-Baħħara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinere_Underwater_Sculpture_Park" title="Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park">Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Snorkelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Snorkelling">Snorkelling</a> sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungus_Rock" title="Fungus Rock">Fungus Rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Wreck_diving_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wreck diving regions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullhead_Point_Historical_and_Archeological_District" title="Bullhead Point Historical and Archeological District">Bullhead Point Historical and Archeological District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calve_Island" title="Calve Island">Calve Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuuk_Lagoon" title="Chuuk Lagoon">Chuuk Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coron_Bay" title="Coron Bay">Coron Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonds_Underwater_Park" title="Edmonds Underwater Park">Edmonds Underwater Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_of_Isle_Royale" title="List of shipwrecks of Isle Royale">Shipwrecks of Isle Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Long" title="Loch Long">Loch Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Heritage_Trail_%E2%80%93_Battle_of_Saipan" title="Maritime Heritage Trail – Battle of Saipan">Maritime Heritage Trail – Battle of Saipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Underwater_Preserves" title="Michigan Underwater Preserves">Michigan Underwater Preserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_and_Hermes_Atoll" title="Pearl and Hermes Atoll">Pearl and Hermes Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteau_Cove_Provincial_Park" title="Porteau Cove Provincial Park">Porteau Cove Provincial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robben_Island_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Robben Island Marine Protected Area">Robben Island Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapa_Flow" title="Scapa Flow">Scapa Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain_National_Park_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area">Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulagi" title="Tulagi">Tulagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulamben" title="Tulamben">Tulamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary">Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_the_Thunder_Bay_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="List of shipwrecks in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary">List of shipwrecks in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ve_Skerries" title="Ve Skerries">Ve Skerries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardang_Island" title="Wardang Island">Wardang Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rocks,_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly">Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefish_Point_Underwater_Preserve" title="Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve">Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Shipwreck_Coast_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary">Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_the_Wisconsin_Shipwreck_Coast_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="List of shipwrecks in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary">List of shipwrecks in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_Alley" title="Wreck Alley">Wreck Alley, San Diego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Wreck_dive_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wreck dive sites</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/115_(barge)" title="115 (barge)">115 (barge)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_A1" title="HMS A1">HMS A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_A3" title="HMS A3">HMS A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Aaron_Ward_(DD-483)" title="USS Aaron Ward (DD-483)">USS Aaron Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Abessinia_(1900)" title="SS Abessinia (1900)">Abessinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Accokeek" title="USS Accokeek">USS Accokeek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Adelaide_(FFG_01)" title="HMAS Adelaide (FFG 01)">HMAS Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Admiral_Sampson" title="SS Admiral Sampson">Admiral Sampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Adolphus_Busch" title="MV Adolphus Busch">Adolphus Busch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Aeolian_Sky" title="MV Aeolian Sky">Aeolian Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Aeolus_(ARC-3)" title="USS Aeolus (ARC-3)">USS Aeolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agat_World_War_II_Amtrac" title="Agat World War II Amtrac">Agat World War II Amtrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Ajax_(1923)" title="SS Ajax (1923)">Ajax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Albert_C._Field" title="SS Albert C. Field">Albert C. Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Algol_(AKA-54)" title="USS Algol (AKA-54)">USS Algol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Algoma" title="SS Algoma">Algoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Munassir_(L1)" title="Al Munassir (L1)">Al Munassir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaryllis_(ship)" title="Amaryllis (ship)">Amaryllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_America_(1898)" title="SS America (1898)">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Anderson" title="USS Anderson">USS Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Andrea_Doria" title="SS Andrea Doria">Andrea Doria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Antilla_(1939)" title="SS Antilla (1939)">Antilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Antilles" title="SS Antilles">Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Apogon" title="USS Apogon">USS Apogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Appomattox" title="SS Appomattox">Appomattox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Aquila_(1940)" title="SS Aquila (1940)">Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aratama_Maru" title="Aratama Maru">Aratama Maru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_(1881)" title="Arctic (1881)">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Arkansas_(BB-33)" title="USS Arkansas (BB-33)">USS Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Arratoon_Apcar" title="SS Arratoon Apcar">Arratoon Apcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Arthur_W._Radford" title="USS Arthur W. Radford">USS Arthur W. Radford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Atlanta" title="SS Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Atlanta_(CL-51)" title="USS Atlanta (CL-51)">USS Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Australasia" title="SS Australasia">Australasia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_B%C3%A4renfels_(1921)" title="SS Bärenfels (1921)">Bärenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Bayonet_(P_101)" title="HMAS Bayonet (P 101)">HMAS Bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Ben_Doran" title="SS Ben Doran">Ben Doran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Benwood" title="SS Benwood">Benwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Bianca_C." title="MV Bianca C.">Bianca C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Bibb" title="USCGC Bibb">USCGC Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Binnendijk" title="SS Binnendijk">Binnendijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Blenny" title="USS Blenny">USS Blenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Boadicea_(H65)" title="HMS Boadicea (H65)">HMS Boadicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booya_(ship)" title="Booya (ship)">Booya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMSAS_Bloemfontein" title="HMSAS Bloemfontein">HMSAS Bloemfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Breda" title="SS Breda">Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Salvia_(WLB-400)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Salvia (WLB-400)">Brian Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Brisbane_(D_41)" title="HMAS Brisbane (D 41)">HMAS Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMHS_Britannic" title="HMHS Britannic">HMHS Britannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Bar" title="Bud Bar">Bud Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungsberg_(ship)" title="Bungsberg (ship)">Bungsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_shipwreck" title="Byron shipwreck">Byron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Canberra_(FFG_02)" title="HMAS Canberra (FFG 02)">HMAS Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Cape_Breton_(ARE_100)" title="HMCS Cape Breton (ARE 100)">HMCS Cape Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Cape_Henlopen" title="USCGC Cape Henlopen">USCGC Cape Henlopen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koni-class_frigate#MV_Captain_Keith_Tibbetts" title="Koni-class frigate">Captain Keith Tibbetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Carl_D._Bradley" title="SS Carl D. Bradley">Carl D. Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Carlisle" title="USS Carlisle">USS Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Carnatic" title="SS Carnatic">Carnatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_II" title="Carthaginian II">Carthaginian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cayuga" title="SS Cayuga">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cedarville" title="SS Cedarville">Cedarville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Chaudi%C3%A8re_(DDE_235)" title="HMCS Chaudière (DDE 235)">Chaudière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Nilsson_(shipwreck)" title="Christina Nilsson (shipwreck)">Christina Nilsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Fort_Marion_(LSD-22)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Fort Marion (LSD-22)">ROCS Chen Hai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Chester_A._Congdon" title="SS Chester A. Congdon">Chester A. Congdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bangor_(ship)" title="City of Bangor (ship)">City of Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_Everett" title="SS City of Everett">City of Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_Launceston" title="SS City of Launceston">City of Launceston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Clan_Ranald_(1900)" title="SS Clan Ranald (1900)">Clan Ranald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Clifton" title="SS Clifton">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Comanche_(WPG-76)" title="USCGC Comanche (WPG-76)">USCGC Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Comet_(1857)" title="SS Comet (1857)">Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constandis_(wreck)" title="Constandis (wreck)">Constandis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Coogee" title="HMAS Coogee">HMAS Coogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Cormoran_(1909)" title="SMS Cormoran (1909)">SMS Cormoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_B._Windiate" title="Cornelia B. Windiate">Cornelia B. Windiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Coronation" title="HMS Coronation">HMS Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_ship_Crusader_(AV_2767)" title="Australian Army ship Crusader (AV 2767)">Crusader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cuba_(1920)" title="SS Cuba (1920)">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_Cumberland" title="PS Cumberland">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Curb" title="USS Curb">USS Curb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Cuyahoga" title="USCGC Cuyahoga">USCGC Cuyahoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MV_Dania" title="MV Dania">Dania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lyons_(shipwreck)" title="Daniel Lyons (shipwreck)">Daniel Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Cape_Upright_(WPB-95303)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Cape Upright (WPB-95303)">David Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Dresden_(1917)" title="SMS Dresden (1917)">SMS Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_D.R._Hanna" title="SS D.R. Hanna">D.R. Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Duane" title="USCGC Duane">USCGC Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Dunraven" title="SS Dunraven">Dunraven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Dwight_L._Moody" title="SS Dwight L. Moody">Dwight L. Moody</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(ship)" title="Eagle (ship)">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Eastfield" title="SS Eastfield">Eastfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Eber_Ward" title="SS Eber Ward">Eber Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Edgar_E._Clark" title="SS Edgar E. Clark">Edgar E. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMT_Elk" title="HMT Elk">HMT Elk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Ellengowan" title="SS Ellengowan">Ellengowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Emmons" title="USS Emmons">USS Emmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Emperor" title="SS Emperor">SS Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Empress_of_Ireland" title="RMS Empress of Ireland">RMS Empress of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Erie_L._Hackley" title="SS Erie L. Hackley">Erie L. Hackley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Espagne_(Anversois,_1909)" title="SS Espagne (Anversois, 1909)">Espagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Etruria" title="SS Etruria">Etruria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">F</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Falmouth_(1910)" title="HMS Falmouth (1910)">HMS Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifi_shipwreck" title="Fifi shipwreck">Fifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwing_(shipwreck)" title="Fleetwing (shipwreck)">Fleetwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Francisco_Morazan_(1922)" title="SS Francisco Morazan (1922)">SS Francisco Morazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Francis_Hinton" title="SS Francis Hinton">Francis Hinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Frank_O%27Connor" title="SS Frank O'Connor">Frank O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._T._Barney_(schooner)" title="F. T. Barney (schooner)">F.T. Barney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujikawa_Maru" title="Fujikawa Maru">Fujikawa Maru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Fumizuki_(1926)" title="Japanese destroyer Fumizuki (1926)">Fumizuki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallinipper" title="Gallinipper">Gallinipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Thames_(1885)" title="HMS Thames (1885)">SATS General Botha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USNS_General_Hoyt_S._Vandenberg" title="USNS General Hoyt S. Vandenberg">USNS General Hoyt S. Vandenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Marsh" title="George A. Marsh">George A. Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_George_Dewey" title="SS George Dewey">George Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Puritan_(ID-2222)" title="USS Puritan (ID-2222)">George M. Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_Z2_Georg_Thiele" title="German destroyer Z2 Georg Thiele">Georg Thiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Ghurka_(1907)" title="HMS Ghurka (1907)">HMS Ghurka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Gilliam" title="USS Gilliam">USS Gilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Glenlyon" title="SS Glenlyon">Glenlyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Strathallan" title="Glen Strathallan">Glen Strathallan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAS_Good_Hope" title="SAS Good Hope">SAS Good Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Goorangai" title="HMAS Goorangai">HMAS Goorangai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Gothenburg" title="SS Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_A._Channon_(shipwreck)" title="Grace A. Channon (shipwreck)">Grace A. Channon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Grecian" title="SS Grecian">Grecian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_(shipwreck)" title="Green Bay (shipwreck)">Green Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cruise_(AM-215)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Cruise (AM-215)">Gregory Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunilda" title="Gunilda">Gunilda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MT_Haven" title="MT Haven">MT Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Henry_Chisholm" title="SS Henry Chisholm">SS Henry Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT_Hephaestus" title="MT Hephaestus">MT Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_Z19_Hermann_K%C3%BCnne" title="German destroyer Z19 Hermann Künne">Hermann Künne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hermes_(95)" title="HMS Hermes (95)">HMS Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzogin_Cecilie" title="Herzogin Cecilie">Herzogin Cecilie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Hesper" title="SS Hesper">SS Hesper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilma_Hooker" title="Hilma Hooker">Hilma Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Hispania_(1912)" title="SS Hispania (1912)">Hispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_(schooner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Home (schooner)">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hood_(1891)" title="HMS Hood (1891)">HMS Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Hobart_(D_39)" title="HMAS Hobart (D 39)">HMAS Hobart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igara_wreck" title="Igara wreck">Igara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Indra_(ARL-37)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Indra (ARL-37)">USS Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Ironsides" title="SS Ironsides">SS Ironsides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Isaac_M._Scott_(1909)" title="SS Isaac M. Scott (1909)">SS Isaac M. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_City_(schooner)" title="Island City (schooner)">Island City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">J</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_J1" title="HMS J1">HMAS J1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_J2" title="HMS J2">HMAS J2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_J4" title="HMS J4">HMAS J4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_J5" title="HMS J5">HMAS J5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_James_Eagan_Layne" title="SS James Eagan Layne">James Eagan Layne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.S._Seaverns" title="J.S. Seaverns">J.S. Seaverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_John_B._Cowle_(1902)" title="SS John B. Cowle (1902)">SS John B. Cowle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Osborn" title="John M. Osborn">John M. Osborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_John_Mitchell_(1906)" title="SS John Mitchell (1906)">SS John Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_(ship,_1854)" title="Jura (ship, 1854)">Jura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Kamloops" title="SS Kamloops">SS Kamloops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashi_Maru" title="Kashi Maru">Kashi Maru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_Keystone_State" title="PS Keystone State">PS Keystone State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_King_Cruiser" title="MS King Cruiser">King Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Kittiwake_(ASR-13)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Kittiwake (ASR-13)">USS Kittiwake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizugawa_Maru" title="Kizugawa Maru">Kizugawa Maru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Kronprinz" title="SMS Kronprinz">SMS Kronprinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyarra" title="Kyarra">Kyarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Spangler_(schooner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyle Spangler (schooner)">Kyle Spangler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PS_Lady_Elgin" title="PS Lady Elgin">PS Lady Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Thetis" title="Lady Thetis">Lady Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Laforey_(1913)" title="HMS Laforey (1913)">HMS Laforey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Lakeland" title="SS Lakeland">SS Lakeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Lamson_(DD-367)" title="USS Lamson (DD-367)">USS Lamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAT_Liberty" title="USAT Liberty">USAT Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Louisiana" title="SS Louisiana">SS Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Louis_Sheid" title="SS Louis Sheid">Louis Sheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_L.R._Doty" title="SS L.R. Doty">SS L.R. Doty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_LST-507" title="USS LST-507">USS LST-507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumberman_(shipwreck)" title="Lumberman (shipwreck)">Lumberman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_M2_(1918)" title="HMS M2 (1918)">HMS M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Mackenzie" title="HMCS Mackenzie">HMCS Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_(ship)" title="Madeira (ship)">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Markgraf" title="SMS Markgraf">SMS Markgraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Marquette_(1881)" title="SS Marquette (1881)">SS Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_(scow)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayflower (scow)">Mayflower (scow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Mikhail_Lermontov" title="MS Mikhail Lermontov">Mikhail Lermontov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Maine" title="SS Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Maloja" title="SS Maloja">Maloja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Maori_(F24)" title="HMS Maori (F24)">HMS Maori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Maori_(1893)" title="SS Maori (1893)">SS Maori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Margaret_Olwill" title="SS Margaret Olwill">SS Margaret Olwill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_(ship)" title="Marguerite (ship)">Marguerite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Mauna_Loa" title="SS Mauna Loa">SS Mauna Loa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAT_Meigs" title="USAT Meigs">USAT Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Mendi" title="SS Mendi">Mendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Mercedes_I" title="MV Mercedes I">MV Mercedes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Mesquite_(WLB-305)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Mesquite (WLB-305)">USCGC Mesquite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamora_(tug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamora (tug)">Metamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Midland_City" title="SS Midland City">SS Midland City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Mindanao_(ARG-3)" title="USS Mindanao (ARG-3)">USS Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnedosa_(schooner_barge)" title="Minnedosa (schooner barge)">Minnedosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Miowera" title="SS Miowera">SS Miowera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Milwaukee_(1902)" title="SS Milwaukee (1902)">SS Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Mizpah_(PY-29)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Mizpah (PY-29)">USS Mizpah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miztec_(schooner_barge)" title="Miztec (schooner barge)">Miztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Mohawk_(WPG-78)" title="USCGC Mohawk (WPG-78)">USCGC Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Mohegan" title="SS Mohegan">Mohegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Moldavia" title="RMS Moldavia">RMS Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Monarch" title="SS Monarch">SS Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Monrovia" title="SS Monrovia">SS Monrovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Montagu_(1901)" title="HMS Montagu (1901)">HMS Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_M.M._Drake_(1882)" title="SS M.M. Drake (1882)">SS M.M. Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_RMS_Mulheim" title="MV RMS Mulheim">MV RMS Mulheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Muliphen_(AKA-61)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Muliphen (AKA-61)">USS Muliphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Myron" title="SS Myron">SS Myron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Nagato" title="Japanese battleship Nagato">Nagato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_(palace_steamer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niagara (palace steamer)">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_(tug)" title="Niagara (tug)">Niagara (tug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Nipigon_(DDH_266)" title="HMCS Nipigon (DDH 266)">HMCS Nipigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Norman" title="SS Norman">SS Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northerner_(schooner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northerner (schooner)">Northerner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">O</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Oceana_(1887)" title="SS Oceana (1887)">Oceana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Onoko" title="SS Onoko">SS Onoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Oriskany" title="USS Oriskany">USS Oriskany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Oslofjord_(1937)" title="MS Oslofjord (1937)">Oslofjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_(paddle_steamer)" title="Ozone (paddle steamer)">Ozone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_patrol_boat_P29" title="Maltese patrol boat P29">P29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_patrol_boat_P31" title="Maltese patrol boat P31">P31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSS_Waterford_(1912)" title="TSS Waterford (1912)">SS Panay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Papoose" title="SS Papoose">SS Papoose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Pedernales" title="SS Pedernales">Pedernales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Persier_(1918)" title="SS Persier (1918)">Persier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Perth_(D_38)" title="HMAS Perth (D 38)">HMAS Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Pewabic" title="SS Pewabic">SS Pewabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Pelorus_(J291)" title="HMS Pelorus (J291)">SAS Pietermaritzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pilotfish_(SS-386)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Pilotfish (SS-386)">USS Pilotfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="MS Piłsudski">Piłsudski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Pioneer_(1905)" title="SS Pioneer (1905)">SS Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Point_Swift_(WPB-82312)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Point Swift (WPB-82312)">USCGC Point Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Pool_Fisher" title="MV Pool Fisher">Pool Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Port_Kembla" title="SS Port Kembla">SS Port Kembla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Port_Napier" title="HMS Port Napier">HMS Port Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preussen_(ship)" title="Preussen (ship)">Preußen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_President_Coolidge" title="SS President Coolidge">President Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(53)" title="HMS Prince of Wales (53)">HMS Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Q</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PS_Queen_Victoria_(1838)" title="PS Queen Victoria (1838)">Queen Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_R.P._Resor" title="SS R.P. Resor">R.P. Resor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Radaas" title="SS Radaas">Radaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Rankin" title="USS Rankin">USS Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(1955)" title="Rainbow Warrior (1955)">Rainbow Warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Regina_(1907)" title="SS Regina (1907)">Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(1916)" title="HMS Repulse (1916)">HMS Repulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Rhone" title="RMS Rhone">RMS Rhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jubilant_(AM-255)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Jubilant (AM-255)">Riva Palacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Pringle_(tug)" title="Robert C. Pringle (tug)">Robert C. Pringle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Robert_Wallace" title="SS Robert Wallace">Robert Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_New_York_(ACR-2)" title="USS New York (ACR-2)">USS Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Rondo" title="SS Rondo">Rondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Rosehill" title="SS Rosehill">Rosehill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosinco" title="Rosinco">Rosinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Rotorua_(1910)" title="SS Rotorua (1910)">Rotorua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouse_Simmons" title="Rouse Simmons">Rouse Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Adelaide_(1865)" title="Royal Adelaide (1865)">Royal Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter_(ship)" title="Royal Charter (ship)">Royal Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Rozi" title="MV Rozi">Rozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Russia_(1872)" title="SS Russia (1872)">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Safari" title="HMS Safari">HMS Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamore_(barge)" title="Sagamore (barge)">Sagamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Saguenay_(DDH_206)" title="HMCS Saguenay (DDH 206)">HMCS Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Sakawa" title="Japanese cruiser Sakawa">Sakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Salem_Express" title="MV Salem Express">Salem Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Samuel_Mather_(1887)" title="SS Samuel Mather (1887)">Samuel Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Ely_(shipwreck)" title="Samuel P. Ely (shipwreck)">Samuel P. Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanko_Harvest" title="Sanko Harvest">Sanko Harvest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">USS Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Saskatchewan_(DDE_262)" title="HMCS Saskatchewan (DDE 262)">HMCS Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_S.C._Baldwin" title="SS S.C. Baldwin">S.C. Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Geier" title="SMS Geier">USS Schurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Scuffle" title="USS Scuffle">USS Scuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Scrimmage" title="USS Scrimmage">USS Scrimmage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Scylla_(F71)" title="HMS Scylla (F71)">HMS Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Selah_Chamberlain" title="SS Selah Chamberlain">Selah Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sidon_(P259)" title="HMS Sidon (P259)">HMS Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Spar_(WLB-403)" title="USCGC Spar (WLB-403)">USCGC Spar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Swallow_(1824)" title="HMS Swallow (1824)">South Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Spiegel_Grove" title="USS Spiegel Grove">USS Spiegel Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_(shipwreck)" title="Sport (shipwreck)">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanegarth" title="Stanegarth">Stanegarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Stanwood" title="SS Stanwood">Stanwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Stella_(1890)" title="SS Stella (1890)">Stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Stepas_Darius" title="SS Stepas Darius">Stepas Darius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_St_Lawrence_(1814)" title="HMS St Lawrence (1814)">HMS St Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Superior_City" title="SS Superior City">Superior City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Swan_(DE_50)" title="HMAS Swan (DE 50)">HMAS Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweepstakes_(schooner)" title="Sweepstakes (schooner)">Sweepstakes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">T</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Tahoe" title="SS Tahoe">Tahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Tamaroa_(WMEC-166)" title="USCGC Tamaroa (WMEC-166)">USCGC Tamaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Tarpon_(SS-175)" title="USS Tarpon (SS-175)">USS Tarpon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Thesis" title="SS Thesis">Thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Thistlegorm" title="SS Thistlegorm">Thistlegorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friant_(ship)" title="Thomas Friant (ship)">Thomas Friant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_(shipwreck)" title="Thomas Wilson (shipwreck)">Thomas Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_Wreck" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunderbolt Wreck">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toa_Maru" title="Toa Maru">Toa Maru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Tobruk_(L_50)" title="HMAS Tobruk (L 50)">HMAS Tobruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokai_Maru" title="Tokai Maru">Tokai Maru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Torrey_Canyon" title="SS Torrey Canyon">Torrey Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAS_Transvaal" title="SAS Transvaal">SAS Transvaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Treasure_oil_spill" title="MV Treasure oil spill">Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Tui_(1970)" title="HMNZS Tui (1970)">HMNZS Tui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-40_(1938)" title="German submarine U-40 (1938)">U-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-352" title="German submarine U-352">U-352</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1195" title="German submarine U-1195">U-1195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um_El_Faroud" title="Um El Faroud">Um El Faroud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">V</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_1605_Mosel" title="German trawler V 1605 Mosel">V 1605 Mosel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Varvassi" title="SS Varvassi">Varvassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vermilion_(AKA-107)" title="USS Vermilion (AKA-107)">USS Vermilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Vernon" title="SS Vernon">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Vienna_(1873)" title="SS Vienna (1873)">Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">W</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Waikato_(F55)" title="HMNZS Waikato (F55)">HMNZS Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Walter_L_M_Russ" title="SS Walter L M Russ">Walter L M Russ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Warrior_(1917)" title="HMS Warrior (1917)">HMS Warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Washingtonian_(1913)" title="SS Washingtonian (1913)">Washingtonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_Waubuno" title="PS Waubuno">Waubuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Wellington_(F69)" title="HMNZS Wellington (F69)">HMNZS Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Wexford" title="SS Wexford">Wexford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_William_C._Moreland" title="SS William C. Moreland">William C. Moreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Wisconsin" title="SS Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Wilkes-Barre" title="USS Wilkes-Barre">USS Wilkes-Barre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Y</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Yancey" title="USS Yancey">USS Yancey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YO-257" title="YO-257">YO-257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Yongala" title="SS Yongala">Yongala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Yukon_(DDE_263)" title="HMCS Yukon (DDE 263)">HMCS Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Z</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS_Zenobia" title="MS Zenobia">Zenobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Zealandia_(1910)" title="SS Zealandia (1910)">Zealandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingara_(ship)" title="Zingara (ship)">Zingara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cave_dive_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cave dive sites</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving_regions_of_the_world" title="Cave diving regions of the world">Cave diving regions of the world</a> Cave dive sites: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blauh%C3%B6hle" title="Blauhöhle">Blauhöhle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_hole" title="Blue hole">Blue hole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hole_(Red_Sea)" title="Blue Hole (Red Sea)">Blue Hole (Red Sea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Blue_Hole" title="Great Blue Hole">Great Blue Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hole_(Guam)" title="Blue Hole (Guam)">Blue Hole (Guam)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesmansgat" title="Boesmansgat">Boesmansgat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenote" title="Cenote">Cenote</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzibilchaltun" title="Dzibilchaltun">Dzibilchaltun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinhoyi_Caves" title="Chinhoyi Caves">Chinhoyi Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocklebiddy,_Western_Australia" title="Cocklebiddy, Western Australia">Cocklebiddy, Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Throat_at_Punta_Sur" title="Devil's Throat at Punta Sur">Devil's Throat at Punta Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engelbrecht_Cave" title="Engelbrecht Cave">Engelbrecht Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Cave" title="Fossil Cave">Fossil Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hranice_Abyss" title="Hranice Abyss">Hranice Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordbrugrotta" title="Jordbrugrotta">Jordbrugrotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilsby_sinkhole" title="Kilsby sinkhole">Kilsby sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moln%C3%A1r_J%C3%A1nos_Cave" title="Molnár János Cave">Molnár János Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereo_Cave" title="Nereo Cave">Nereo Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccaninnie_Ponds" class="mw-redirect" title="Piccaninnie Ponds">Piccaninnie Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluragrotta" title="Pluragrotta">Pluragrotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollatoomary" title="Pollatoomary">Pollatoomary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricks_Spring" title="Ricks Spring">Ricks Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shaft_(sinkhole)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shaft (sinkhole)">The Shaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Dos_Ojos" title="Sistema Dos Ojos">Sistema Dos Ojos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Huautla" title="Sistema Huautla">Sistema Huautla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Nohoch_Nah_Chich" title="Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich">Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Ox_Bel_Ha" title="Sistema Ox Bel Ha">Sistema Ox Bel Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Sac_Actun" title="Sistema Sac Actun">Sistema Sac Actun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uamh_an_Claonaite" title="Uamh an Claonaite">Uamh an Claonaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_Spring" title="Vortex Spring">Vortex Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakulla_Springs" title="Wakulla Springs">Wakulla Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wondergat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wondergat">Wondergat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacat%C3%B3n" title="Zacatón">Zacatón</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Freshwater_dive_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Freshwater dive sites</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hole_(New_Mexico)" title="Blue Hole (New Mexico)">Blue Hole (New Mexico)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lake_(Utah)" title="Blue Lake (Utah)">Blue Lake (Utah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinorwic_quarry" title="Dinorwic quarry">Dinorwic quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_quarry" title="Dorothea quarry">Dorothea quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Springs" title="Dutch Springs">Dutch Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewens_Ponds" title="Ewens Ponds">Ewens Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_caldera" title="Homestead caldera">Homestead caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Blue_Lake" title="Little Blue Lake">Little Blue Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logue_Brook_Dam" title="Logue Brook Dam">Logue Brook Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponce_de_Leon_Springs_State_Park" title="Ponce de Leon Springs State Park">Ponce de Leon Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Jungle,_Northern_Territory" title="Rum Jungle, Northern Territory">Rum Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silfra" title="Silfra">Silfra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_Spring" title="Vortex Spring">Vortex Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wast_Water" title="Wast Water">Wast Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazee_Lake" title="Wazee Lake">Wazee Lake</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Training_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Training sites</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Abyss" title="Blue Abyss">Blue Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernwray_Dive_Centre" title="Capernwray Dive Centre">Capernwray Dive Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Dive_Dubai" title="Deep Dive Dubai">Deep Dive Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepspot" title="Deepspot">Deepspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccleston_Quarry" title="Eccleston Quarry">Eccleston Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Terme_Millepini" title="Hotel Terme Millepini">Hotel Terme Millepini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diving_and_Activity_Centre" title="National Diving and Activity Centre">National Diving and Activity Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemo_33" title="Nemo 33">Nemo 33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seacrest_Cove_2" title="Seacrest Cove 2">Seacrest Cove 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slickstones_Quarry,_Cromhall" title="Slickstones Quarry, Cromhall">Slickstones Quarry, Cromhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoney_Cove" title="Stoney Cove">Stoney Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanage_Pier" title="Swanage Pier">Swanage Pier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-water diving">Black-water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-water diving">Blue-water diving</a></li> <li><a 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