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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Evangelist portrait</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelistsymboler" title="Evangelistsymboler – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Evangelistsymboler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelistensymbole" title="Evangelistensymbole – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Evangelistensymbole" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portraits_des_%C3%A9vang%C3%A9listes" title="Portraits des évangélistes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portraits des évangélistes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritratto_dell%27evangelista" title="Ritratto dell'evangelista – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ritratto dell'evangelista" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelistsymbol" title="Evangelistsymbol – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Evangelistsymbol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelistsymbol" title="Evangelistsymbol – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" 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</ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Codexaureus_21.jpg/330px-Codexaureus_21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Codexaureus_21.jpg/440px-Codexaureus_21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Codex_Aureus_of_Lorsch" title="Codex Aureus of Lorsch">Codex Aureus of Lorsch</a> portrait of <a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a> with his symbol, around 800</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Evangelist portraits</b> are a specific type of <a href="/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript)" title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript)">miniature</a> included in ancient and <a href="/wiki/Mediaeval" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediaeval">mediaeval</a> <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscript</a> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Books</a>, and later in <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bibles</a> and other books, as well as other media. Each <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Four Evangelists</a>, the books of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>, may be prefaced by a portrait of the Evangelist, usually occupying a full page. <a href="/wiki/Evangelist%27s_symbol#Evangelists.27_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelist's symbol">Their symbols</a> may be shown with them, or separately. Often they are the only figurative <a href="/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript)" title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript)">illumination</a> in the manuscript. They are a common feature in larger Gospel Books from the earliest examples in the 6th century until the decline of that format for illustrated books in the High Middle Ages, by which time their conventions were being used for portraits of other authors. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Author_portraits">Author portraits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelist_portrait&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Author portraits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They originate in the classical secular tradition of the author portrait, which was often the only illustration in a classical manuscript, also used as a <a href="/wiki/Book_frontispiece" title="Book frontispiece">frontispiece</a> (not unlike the contemporary author photo, though this is usually shown on the back cover or wrapper). A very few examples of Late Antique secular author portraits survive, and rather more later copies. Some examples also draw on the conventions of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Antique" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique">Late Antique</a> consular portrait, much used for the Emperors, who were also <a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">consuls</a>. Examples of these, copied from the original, can be seen in the <a href="/wiki/Chronography_of_354" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronography of 354">Chronography of 354</a> (see also the <a href="/wiki/Missorium_of_Theodosius_I" title="Missorium of Theodosius I">Missorium of Theodosius I</a> of 30 years later). The Evangelist may be holding a book, but is not writing in it, and he faces the front on a large throne, surrounded by an elaborate frame, usually domed or pedimented. These frameworks are thought to draw from the style of the <a href="/wiki/Scaenae_frons" title="Scaenae frons">Scaenae frons</a>, or elaborate <a href="/wiki/Proscenium" title="Proscenium">proscenium</a> structures of <a href="/wiki/Roman_theatre_(structure)" title="Roman theatre (structure)">Roman theatres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evangelists'_symbols"><span id="Evangelists.27_symbols"></span>Evangelists' symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelist_portrait&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evangelists' symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg/220px-Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg/330px-Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg/440px-Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1571" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a> miniature portraying the Evangelists with their symbols, from the <a href="/wiki/Aachen_Gospels_(Ada_School)" title="Aachen Gospels (Ada School)">Aachen Gospels</a>, c. 820</figcaption></figure> <p>The traditional symbols of the Evangelists were often included in the images, or especially in the <a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a> tradition, either given their own additional images on a separate page, or used instead of an evangelist portrait. The symbols are: the <a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Saint_Mark" title="Lion of Saint Mark">Lion</a> of Mark, the <a href="/wiki/Eagle_of_Saint_John" title="Eagle of Saint John">Eagle</a> of John, the <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">Ox</a> or <a href="/wiki/Calf_(animal)" title="Calf (animal)">Calf</a> of Luke and the <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angel</a> or Man of Matthew. Often all are shown with wings, as in the familiar winged lion used in the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> was Mark. Sometimes, as in the example from Lorsch, the symbols are shown dictating the text to the evangelist. </p><p>The symbols of the four evangelists are derived from a vision in the book of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Living_creatures_(Bible)" title="Living creatures (Bible)">four living creatures</a> in the form of men, but each with four faces: </p><p>"As for the likeness of their faces, each had the face of a man in front; the four had the face of a lion on the right side, the four had the face of an ox on the left side, and the four had the face of an eagle at the back." (Ezek. 1:10) </p><p>Christian iconographic tradition came to associate the man with Saint Matthew, the lion with Saint Mark, the ox with Saint Luke, and the eagle with Saint John. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depictions_and_other_media">Depictions and other media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelist_portrait&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Depictions and other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Late_Antique" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique">Late Antique</a> evangelist portraits often show standing figures, as in the ivory panels of the Throne of <a href="/wiki/Maximianus_of_Ravenna" title="Maximianus of Ravenna">Maximianus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, but from the <a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a> of the 7th to 10th centuries, evangelist portraits in manuscripts nearly always closely followed the seated classical models, showing the Evangelists at full-length, either looking out at the viewer or writing at a table or desk and seen at an oblique angle. These were derived from unknown classical prototypes, similar to those in the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Amiatinus" title="Codex Amiatinus">Codex Amiatinus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Augustine Gospels">Saint Augustine Gospels</a>, though both of these types are rather different from the general types.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usually a setting is provided for the figure. Details of the classical models, such as anachronistic <a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scrolls</a> and scroll-boxes, and a small writing-stand with a single dolphin-shaped support (see gallery below), survive well into the Middle Ages, sometimes clearly misunderstood by the artists concerned. Perhaps because of the secular origins of the typology, <a href="/wiki/Halo_(religious_iconography)" title="Halo (religious iconography)">haloes</a> are less likely to be worn than in other types of image. The level of detail shown in the furniture and fittings is unusual for Early Medieval art. An arch behind the author, often with curtains hanging across it, in some examples close to the classical models, gradually is turned into a decorative framing device for the whole scene. </p><p>Early Gospel Books often had a very elaborate and costly <a href="/wiki/Treasure_binding" title="Treasure binding">treasure binding</a> or cover in metalwork, often with jewels and ivories. These most often featured a central panel with <a href="/wiki/Christ_in_Majesty" title="Christ in Majesty">Christ in Majesty</a>, often including the Evangelists and/or their symbols in the corners. Versions of the same composition appear in all media used for Early Medieval religious art, including wall paintings. The <a href="/wiki/Tassilo_Chalice" title="Tassilo Chalice">Tassilo Chalice</a> is an 8th-century example of pure metalwork with five oval medallion portraits of Christ and the Evangelists (with symbols) round the cup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insular_variants_and_decline">Insular variants and decline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelist_portrait&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Insular variants and decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irischer_Meister_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Irischer_Meister_001.jpg/170px-Irischer_Meister_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Irischer_Meister_001.jpg/255px-Irischer_Meister_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Irischer_Meister_001.jpg/340px-Irischer_Meister_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="3480" /></a><figcaption>Insular, 8th century, now St Gall. Unusually, a single unspecified Evangelist with all four symbols</figcaption></figure> <p>The early artists of the Insular period often show evangelists from the front who appear to be standing, although a chair is drawn behind them; the human figure was not a focus of interest or skill for these artists. Later Insular depictions seem to show figures without chairs, who are standing. Most of Europe continued to use the seated model however, usually seen in a three-quarters on view, and usually with a cushion behind. Sometimes all four evangelists were combined on a page, sometimes around a <a href="/wiki/Christ_in_Majesty" title="Christ in Majesty">Christ in Majesty</a>. Standing portraits were usual, however, for wall and later panel paintings (and in the <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Jesse" title="Tree of Jesse">Tree of Jesse</a> composition) with the Evangelists often treated as, and mixed with, other saints. </p><p>The Gospel book as a medium for heavily illustrated manuscripts declined in the West from the Romanesque period, and with it the use of the Evangelist portrait. In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> world, the Gospel Book remained a primary focus for illumination, and Evangelist portraits, derived from contemporary Byzantine versions, are heavily represented among the earliest illuminations from the new Slav national traditions, such as the 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Ostromir_Gospels" title="Ostromir Gospels">Ostromir Gospels</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khitrovo_Gospels" title="Khitrovo Gospels">Khitrovo Gospels</a> of about 1390 from <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Muscovy</a>. In the West the portraits continued to be found in Bibles, more often as the picture within a <a href="/wiki/Historiated_initial" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiated initial">historiated initial</a> at the start of each Gospel. Other books sometimes contained them as well. Similar compositions began to be used for other saint-authors, especially for St <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>, who is often shown in a book-lined study, often with his symbol, a lion, dozing at his feet. Similarly <a href="/wiki/St_Gregory_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="St Gregory the Great">St Gregory the Great</a> may be shown with a dove, representing his inspiration from the Holy Spirit, whispering in his ear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelist_portrait&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RomanVirgilFolio014rVergilPortrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Virgil from the Roman Virgil, A 5th-century secular author portrait in the classical tradition. Note the scroll-box, although the book it is in is a codex."><img alt="Virgil from the Roman Virgil, A 5th-century secular author portrait in the classical tradition. Note the scroll-box, although the book it is in is a codex." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/RomanVirgilFolio014rVergilPortrait.jpg/120px-RomanVirgilFolio014rVergilPortrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/RomanVirgilFolio014rVergilPortrait.jpg/180px-RomanVirgilFolio014rVergilPortrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/RomanVirgilFolio014rVergilPortrait.jpg/240px-RomanVirgilFolio014rVergilPortrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Virgil" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Virgil">Roman Virgil</a>, A 5th-century secular author portrait in the classical tradition. Note the <a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a>-box, although the book it is in is a <a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of three author portraits in the Vienna Dioscurides of the 1st-century physician author. He is painting a plant held by its personification. Early 6th-century Byzantine."><img alt="One of three author portraits in the Vienna Dioscurides of the 1st-century physician author. He is painting a plant held by its personification. Early 6th-century Byzantine." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg/105px-ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg/157px-ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg/210px-ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1808" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> One of three author portraits in the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Dioscurides" title="Vienna Dioscurides">Vienna Dioscurides</a> of the 1st-century physician author. He is painting a plant held by its personification. Early 6th-century Byzantine.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ViennaDioscoridesFolio3v7Physicians.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Group author portrait of distinguished physicians from the Vienna Dioscurides. Presumably collated from individual portraits in their works. Only Galen has a chair."><img alt="Group author portrait of distinguished physicians from the Vienna Dioscurides. Presumably collated from individual portraits in their works. Only Galen has a chair." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/ViennaDioscoridesFolio3v7Physicians.jpg/90px-ViennaDioscoridesFolio3v7Physicians.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/ViennaDioscoridesFolio3v7Physicians.jpg/135px-ViennaDioscoridesFolio3v7Physicians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/ViennaDioscoridesFolio3v7Physicians.jpg/180px-ViennaDioscoridesFolio3v7Physicians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Group author portrait of distinguished physicians from the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Dioscurides" title="Vienna Dioscurides">Vienna Dioscurides</a>. Presumably collated from individual portraits in their works. Only <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a> has a chair.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RossanoGospelsFolio121rStMark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Among the earliest surviving evangelist portrait, in the Rossano Gospels, Mark writing on a scroll, 6th century. Written under Byzantine rule in Italy (the mark above his shoulders is a stain)."><img alt="Among the earliest surviving evangelist portrait, in the Rossano Gospels, Mark writing on a scroll, 6th century. Written under Byzantine rule in Italy (the mark above his shoulders is a stain)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/RossanoGospelsFolio121rStMark.jpg/110px-RossanoGospelsFolio121rStMark.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/RossanoGospelsFolio121rStMark.jpg/165px-RossanoGospelsFolio121rStMark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/RossanoGospelsFolio121rStMark.jpg/220px-RossanoGospelsFolio121rStMark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Among the earliest surviving evangelist portrait, in the <a href="/wiki/Rossano_Gospels" title="Rossano Gospels">Rossano Gospels</a>, Mark writing on a scroll, 6th century. Written under Byzantine rule in Italy (the mark above his shoulders is a stain). </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illumination-from-Abba-Garima-gospel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of the Evangelist Mark from the Ethiopic Garima Gospels, carbon dated to the 5th or early 6th century. Written in Axum, Ethiopia, following Late Antique Egyptian models."><img alt="Portrait of the Evangelist Mark from the Ethiopic Garima Gospels, carbon dated to the 5th or early 6th century. Written in Axum, Ethiopia, following Late Antique Egyptian models." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Illumination-from-Abba-Garima-gospel.jpg/80px-Illumination-from-Abba-Garima-gospel.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Illumination-from-Abba-Garima-gospel.jpg/120px-Illumination-from-Abba-Garima-gospel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Illumination-from-Abba-Garima-gospel.jpg/160px-Illumination-from-Abba-Garima-gospel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait of the Evangelist Mark from the <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez language">Ethiopic</a> <a href="/wiki/Garima_Gospels" title="Garima Gospels">Garima Gospels</a>, carbon dated to the 5th or early 6th century. Written in <a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a>, Ethiopia, following Late Antique Egyptian models. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AugsutineGospelsFolio129vStLuke.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luke in the St. Augustine Gospels, 6th century. Italian. Following more formal classical models, like the imperial consular portraits in the Chronography of 354."><img alt="Luke in the St. Augustine Gospels, 6th century. Italian. Following more formal classical models, like the imperial consular portraits in the Chronography of 354." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/AugsutineGospelsFolio129vStLuke.jpg/92px-AugsutineGospelsFolio129vStLuke.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/AugsutineGospelsFolio129vStLuke.jpg/139px-AugsutineGospelsFolio129vStLuke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/AugsutineGospelsFolio129vStLuke.jpg/185px-AugsutineGospelsFolio129vStLuke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="1878" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Luke in the <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Augustine Gospels">St. Augustine Gospels</a>, 6th century. Italian. Following more formal classical models, like the imperial consular portraits in the <a href="/wiki/Chronography_of_354" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronography of 354">Chronography of 354</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EchternachGospelsLionImage.GIF" class="mw-file-description" title="Imago Leonis - the Lion of Mark from the Echternach Gospels which show no portraits, only the symbols. Insular c. 690."><img alt="Imago Leonis - the Lion of Mark from the Echternach Gospels which show no portraits, only the symbols. Insular c. 690." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/EchternachGospelsLionImage.GIF/94px-EchternachGospelsLionImage.GIF" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/EchternachGospelsLionImage.GIF/141px-EchternachGospelsLionImage.GIF 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/EchternachGospelsLionImage.GIF/189px-EchternachGospelsLionImage.GIF 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Imago Leonis</i> - the Lion of Mark from the <a href="/wiki/Echternach_Gospels" title="Echternach Gospels">Echternach Gospels</a> which show no portraits, only the symbols. Insular c. 690.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BookMullingFol193StJohnPortrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John, Book of Mulling, late 8th-century Insular pocket gospel books, with the portraits as the only whole page illumination."><img alt="John, Book of Mulling, late 8th-century Insular pocket gospel books, with the portraits as the only whole page illumination." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/BookMullingFol193StJohnPortrait.jpg/90px-BookMullingFol193StJohnPortrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/BookMullingFol193StJohnPortrait.jpg/135px-BookMullingFol193StJohnPortrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/BookMullingFol193StJohnPortrait.jpg/180px-BookMullingFol193StJohnPortrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">John, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mulling" title="Book of Mulling">Book of Mulling</a>, late 8th-century Insular <a href="/wiki/Pocket_gospel_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket gospel book">pocket gospel books</a>, with the portraits as the only whole page illumination.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_der_Schule_von_Canterbury_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Matthew; Anglo-Saxon 8th century, combining many classical details, such as the curtains, with interlace decoration on the chair. Stockholm Codex Aureus"><img alt="Matthew; Anglo-Saxon 8th century, combining many classical details, such as the curtains, with interlace decoration on the chair. Stockholm Codex Aureus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Meister_der_Schule_von_Canterbury_001.jpg/96px-Meister_der_Schule_von_Canterbury_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Meister_der_Schule_von_Canterbury_001.jpg/144px-Meister_der_Schule_von_Canterbury_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Meister_der_Schule_von_Canterbury_001.jpg/191px-Meister_der_Schule_von_Canterbury_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1975" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Matthew; Anglo-Saxon 8th century, combining many classical details, such as the curtains, with <a href="/wiki/Interlace_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlace (visual arts)">interlace</a> decoration on the chair. <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Codex_Aureus" title="Stockholm Codex Aureus">Stockholm Codex Aureus</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Matthew2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ebbo Gospels, 9th century, Matthew"><img alt="Ebbo Gospels, 9th century, Matthew" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Saint_Matthew2.jpg/87px-Saint_Matthew2.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Saint_Matthew2.jpg/130px-Saint_Matthew2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Saint_Matthew2.jpg/173px-Saint_Matthew2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2028" data-file-height="2806" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ebbo" title="Ebbo">Ebbo</a> Gospels, 9th century, Matthew</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_der_Fuldaer_Schule_(I)_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luke, Fulda School, c. 840"><img alt="Luke, Fulda School, c. 840" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Meister_der_Fuldaer_Schule_%28I%29_001.jpg/81px-Meister_der_Fuldaer_Schule_%28I%29_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Meister_der_Fuldaer_Schule_%28I%29_001.jpg/121px-Meister_der_Fuldaer_Schule_%28I%29_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Meister_der_Fuldaer_Schule_%28I%29_001.jpg/161px-Meister_der_Fuldaer_Schule_%28I%29_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1865" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Luke, <a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a> School, c. 840</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haregarius_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Four evangelists and prophets surround Christ. c. 850 by Haregarius of Tours."><img alt="Four evangelists and prophets surround Christ. c. 850 by Haregarius of Tours." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Haregarius_001.jpg/86px-Haregarius_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Haregarius_001.jpg/128px-Haregarius_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Haregarius_001.jpg/171px-Haregarius_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2207" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Four evangelists and prophets surround Christ. c. 850 by Haregarius of <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paulus_St_Gallen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A much rarer author portrait of St Paul 9th century, follows similar conventions."><img alt="A much rarer author portrait of St Paul 9th century, follows similar conventions." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Paulus_St_Gallen.jpg/88px-Paulus_St_Gallen.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Paulus_St_Gallen.jpg/132px-Paulus_St_Gallen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Paulus_St_Gallen.jpg/176px-Paulus_St_Gallen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1221" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A much rarer author portrait of <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">St Paul</a> 9th century, follows similar conventions.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantinischer_Maler_des_10._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luke, Byzantine, 10th century, British Library. The side-table with writing materials is much more typical of the Orthodox world."><img alt="Luke, Byzantine, 10th century, British Library. The side-table with writing materials is much more typical of the Orthodox world." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Byzantinischer_Maler_des_10._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/94px-Byzantinischer_Maler_des_10._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Byzantinischer_Maler_des_10._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/140px-Byzantinischer_Maler_des_10._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Byzantinischer_Maler_des_10._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/187px-Byzantinischer_Maler_des_10._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Luke, Byzantine, 10th century, <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. The side-table with writing materials is much more typical of the Orthodox world.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Origen3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Origen; The dolphin-shaped lectern stem, still understood in Byzantine examples, has metamorphosed into a kind of dragon in northern Europe"><img alt="Origen; The dolphin-shaped lectern stem, still understood in Byzantine examples, has metamorphosed into a kind of dragon in northern Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Origen3.jpg/77px-Origen3.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Origen3.jpg/115px-Origen3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Origen3.jpg/154px-Origen3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="343" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>; The dolphin-shaped lectern stem, still understood in Byzantine examples, has metamorphosed into a kind of dragon in northern Europe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yaroslavl_gospel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spassky Gospels, Yaroslavl, 1220s. Compare the arch and curtains with the Chrongraphy of 354; their function now seems lost in this double portrait, whose artist is also unclear how a scroll functions."><img alt="Spassky Gospels, Yaroslavl, 1220s. Compare the arch and curtains with the Chrongraphy of 354; their function now seems lost in this double portrait, whose artist is also unclear how a scroll functions." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Yaroslavl_gospel.jpg/89px-Yaroslavl_gospel.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Yaroslavl_gospel.jpg/134px-Yaroslavl_gospel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Yaroslavl_gospel.jpg/178px-Yaroslavl_gospel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spassky_Gospels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spassky Gospels (page does not exist)">Spassky Gospels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>, 1220s. Compare the arch and curtains with the Chrongraphy of 354; their function now seems lost in this double portrait, whose artist is also unclear how a scroll functions. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Angel_khitrovo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Angel of Matthew, Andrei Rublev's only known miniature, from the Khitrovo Gospels, c. 1400, containing full-page evangelist portraits and the first Russian full-page symbols."><img alt="The Angel of Matthew, Andrei Rublev's only known miniature, from the Khitrovo Gospels, c. 1400, containing full-page evangelist portraits and the first Russian full-page symbols." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Angel_khitrovo.jpg/120px-Angel_khitrovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Angel_khitrovo.jpg/180px-Angel_khitrovo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Angel_khitrovo.jpg/240px-Angel_khitrovo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Angel of Matthew, <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rublev" title="Andrei Rublev">Andrei Rublev</a>'s only known miniature, from the <a href="/wiki/Khitrovo_Gospels" title="Khitrovo Gospels">Khitrovo Gospels</a>, c. 1400, containing full-page evangelist portraits and the first Russian full-page symbols.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cutbercht_Gospels,_portrait_of_John.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John, from the Cutbercht Gospels (8th century)"><img alt="John, from the Cutbercht Gospels (8th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/Cutbercht_Gospels%2C_portrait_of_John.jpg/91px-Cutbercht_Gospels%2C_portrait_of_John.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/Cutbercht_Gospels%2C_portrait_of_John.jpg/137px-Cutbercht_Gospels%2C_portrait_of_John.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/Cutbercht_Gospels%2C_portrait_of_John.jpg/183px-Cutbercht_Gospels%2C_portrait_of_John.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1319" data-file-height="1731" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">John, from the <a href="/wiki/Cutbercht_Gospels" title="Cutbercht Gospels">Cutbercht Gospels</a> (8th century)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelist_portrait&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The portrait of Mark in the <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels" title="Lindisfarne Gospels">Lindisfarne Gospels</a> seems taken directly from the single portrait, usually thought to be of <a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>, in the Codex Amiatinus.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelist_portrait&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Medieval_miniatures_of_Evangelists" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Medieval miniatures of Evangelists">Medieval miniatures of Evangelists</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Calkins, Robert G. <i>Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages</i>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983.</li> <li>Nordenfalk, Carl. <i>Cetic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book illumination in the British Isles 600-800</i>. New York: George Braziller, 1977.</li> <li>Otto Pächt, <i>Book Illumination in the Middle Ages</i> (trans fr German), 1986, Harvey Miller Publishers, London, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-921060-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-921060-8">0-19-921060-8</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evangelist_portrait&oldid=1238384140">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evangelist_portrait&oldid=1238384140</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_art" title="Category:Christian art">Christian art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_iconography" title="Category:Christian iconography">Christian iconography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iconography_of_illuminated_manuscripts" title="Category:Iconography of illuminated manuscripts">Iconography of illuminated manuscripts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament_people_in_art" title="Category:New Testament people in art">New Testament people in art</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 August 2024, at 16:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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