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Oilfield chemistry

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xlink:href="#avatar"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </ps-header> <div class="TagPage-content"> <div class="TagPage-topContainer"> <div class="TagPage-headingWrapper"> <div class="TagPage-heading"> <h1 class="TagPage-pageHeading">Oilfield chemistry</h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TagPage-wrapper"> <main class="TagPage-main"> <div class="Page-below" > <div class="OneColumnContainer"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-row"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-column"> <div class="ListG" data-hide-small-modules-descriptions="true"> <div class="ListG-header" data-no-title> </div> <div class="ListG-items"> <div class="ListG-items-column"> <div class="ListG-items-item"> <div class="PromoC"data-content-type="article" > <div class="PromoC-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Chemical Treatments Offer Alternative to Acidification for Sheen Control " href="https://jpt.spe.org/chemical-treatments-offer-alternative-to-acidification-for-sheen-control-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Fig. 1—Bottles at the end of the bottle-test analysis as detailed in Table 1 of the complete paper." width="850" height="566" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/c0562b3/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x566+0+0/resize/850x566!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F8e%2Fef%2F25dff9ba4ddf9f1427f9bf9a123f%2Fjpt-2024-12-wm218979.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoLarge" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoC-content"> <div class="PromoC-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoC-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/chemical-treatments-offer-alternative-to-acidification-for-sheen-control-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Chemical Treatments Offer Alternative to Acidification for Sheen Control </a> </div> <div class="PromoC-description">This work investigates a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to acidification for sheen control.</div> <div class="PromoC-footer"> <span class="PromoC-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoC-by-line">December 1, 2024 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoC-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ListG-items-column"> <div class="ListG-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="top" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Study Explores Sustainable Solutions for Managing Contaminants in Produced Water" href="https://jpt.spe.org/study-explores-sustainable-solutions-for-managing-contaminants-in-produced-water-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Fig. 1—From the India case study: (a) specialized electrocoagulation process and (b) AOP reaction tank." width="320" height="180" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/44cd927/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x478+0+44/resize/320x180!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F92%2F2f%2F81dbb1f84370b16f2e553051acc0%2Fjpt-2024-12-wm221002.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoMediumShort" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/study-explores-sustainable-solutions-for-managing-contaminants-in-produced-water-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Study Explores Sustainable Solutions for Managing Contaminants in Produced Water</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The paper aims to address the challenges and opportunities in managing produced water and its contaminants in the petroleum industry.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">December 1, 2024 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ListG-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="top" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Massive “White Gold” Mine Discovered Below Southern Arkansas" href="https://jpt.spe.org/massive-white-gold-mine-discovered-below-southern-arkansas" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Untitled (850 x 566 px)(1).png" width="320" height="180" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/48171e8/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x478+0+88/resize/320x180!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fb0%2F06%2Fc86e6f854575afcc0646da64df81%2Funtitled-850-x-566-px1.png" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoMediumShort" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/massive-white-gold-mine-discovered-below-southern-arkansas" data-cms-ai="0" >Massive “White Gold” Mine Discovered Below Southern Arkansas</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The USGS has said up to 19 million tons of lithium resource is contained in the briny waters of the Smackover formation in Arkansas.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">November 21, 2024 &bull; Blake Wright </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RichTextModule"> <div class="RichTextModule-items RichTextBody"><p><hr style="width:100%"></hr style="width:100%"></p></div> </div> <div class="OneColumnContainer"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-row"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-column"> <ps-list-pagination> <div class="ListE ListE-Pagination"> <div class="ListE-header" data-no-title> </div> <ul class="ListE-items"> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Locally Produced Sustainable and Resilient Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery" href="https://jpt.spe.org/locally-produced-sustainable-and-resilient-surfactants-for-enhanced-oil-recovery-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Fig. 2—Solubility picture of the described ZS. FW = distilled deionized water, SW = seawater, and DW = reservoir brine." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/e0367e1/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+60/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F93%2F19%2F05da96724965b1959cd94711d68a%2Fjpt-2024-11-eoro24518bs.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/locally-produced-sustainable-and-resilient-surfactants-for-enhanced-oil-recovery-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Locally Produced Sustainable and Resilient Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This study explores the potential of locally produced surfactants for enhanced oil recovery in high-temperature and high-salinity reservoir environments.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">November 1, 2024 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="From Problem to Prevention: ConocoPhillips Cracks Paraffin Code in Eagle Ford" href="https://jpt.spe.org/from-problem-to-prevention-conocophillips-cracks-paraffin-code-in-eagle-ford" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="CoP-Workover-Eagle-Ford.png" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/7e6a3bd/2147483647/strip/true/crop/918x513+0+49/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fff%2Fc8%2F6b85dbcc4add9f2b5e7939629aaf%2Fcop-workover-eagle-ford.png" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/from-problem-to-prevention-conocophillips-cracks-paraffin-code-in-eagle-ford" data-cms-ai="0" >From Problem to Prevention: ConocoPhillips Cracks Paraffin Code in Eagle Ford</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">Machine learning and a decade of gas composition records helped the operator identify wells that were most likely to produce paraffins.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">October 22, 2024 &bull; Jennifer Pallanich &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Oil and Gas Facilities</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Mastering Produced-Water Management in Deepwater GOM: 25 Years of Insights" href="https://jpt.spe.org/mastering-produced-water-management-in-deepwater-gom-25-years-of-insights-part-1" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Offshore oil rig in a large body of water" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/537dafd/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2121x1185+0+114/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F47%2Fa3%2F731b08c94f05b0b03a5e6a738570%2Foffshore-water-management-gettyimages-168581340.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/mastering-produced-water-management-in-deepwater-gom-25-years-of-insights-part-1" data-cms-ai="0" >Mastering Produced-Water Management in Deepwater GOM: 25 Years of Insights</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This first of a two-part series provides guidelines for designing and operating advanced produced-water systems on offshore platforms, covering fluid characterization, chemical treatment, equipment, process configuration, operations, and effluent quality.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">October 7, 2024 &bull; John M. Walsh &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Oil and Gas Facilities</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Ion-Exchange Membranes Extract Lithium From North Sea Oilfield Brines " href="https://jpt.spe.org/ion-exchange-membranes-extract-lithium-from-north-sea-oilfield-brines-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Adsorbent powder SEM images" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/780d25e/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+62/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fe8%2Ff6%2F9c26887841798c587e4bac4d29ed%2Fjpt-2024-09-oc215585f1.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/ion-exchange-membranes-extract-lithium-from-north-sea-oilfield-brines-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Ion-Exchange Membranes Extract Lithium From North Sea Oilfield Brines </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This paper presents an evaluation of the lithium potential of assets in the North Sea.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">September 1, 2024 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Rhamnolipids Enhance Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil" href="https://jpt.spe.org/rhamnolipids-enhance-bioremediation-of-petroleum-contaminated-soil-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Laboratory experimental setup using pulse-flow respirometry." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/43f6e72/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F6a%2Fb7%2F6ec8022945628f4b6ddcd2b374ac%2Fjpt-2024-09-oc215952f1.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/rhamnolipids-enhance-bioremediation-of-petroleum-contaminated-soil-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Rhamnolipids Enhance Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This study aims to optimize the use of rhamnolipid biosurfactants for enhancing the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">September 1, 2024 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Graphene Nanoplatelets Extend Life of Scale-Inhibitor Squeeze Treatment" href="https://jpt.spe.org/graphene-nanoplatelets-extend-life-of-scale-inhibitor-squeeze-treatment-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="TEM image of GNP vs. P-GNP." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/f5dce16/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fcd%2F8e%2F84a788eb455998191f372457ec9a%2Fjpt-2024-09-oc215228f1.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/graphene-nanoplatelets-extend-life-of-scale-inhibitor-squeeze-treatment-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Graphene Nanoplatelets Extend Life of Scale-Inhibitor Squeeze Treatment</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This study proposes graphene nanoplatelets as a preflush system to extend the lifetime of a conventional scale-inhibitor squeeze treatment.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">September 1, 2024 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Skoltech Pioneers In-Situ Hydrogen Production Process" href="https://jpt.spe.org/skoltech-pioneers-in-situ-hydrogen-production-process" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="IMG_4654.jpg" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/94bae54/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5712x3192+0+0/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fea%2Fbc%2F8f996c5342a3a24bc088976833c4%2Fimg-4654.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&amp;D/innovation</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/skoltech-pioneers-in-situ-hydrogen-production-process" data-cms-ai="0" >Skoltech Pioneers In-Situ Hydrogen Production Process</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The process developed by Moscow’s Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology shows promising results in the laboratory, suggesting a novel method to produce hydrogen from natural gas reservoirs while trapping carbon in permanent storage.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">July 22, 2024 &bull; Pat Davis Szymczak &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="2024 SPE Pioneers of Improved Oil Recovery" href="https://jpt.spe.org/2024-spe-pioneers-of-improved-oil-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="From left, IOR Pioneers Stephane Jouenne, Baojun Bai, Mojdeh Delshad, and Varadarajan Dwarakanath, and Awards Committee Chairman Randy Seright. " width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/c841f63/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+124/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F10%2Fd9%2F51c258cd425b86036e8ab9161a6d%2Fjpt-2024-07-ior-pioneers-group-plaques.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/2024-spe-pioneers-of-improved-oil-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >2024 SPE Pioneers of Improved Oil Recovery</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The honor recognizes recipients for their lasting and significant contributions in the field of IOR.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">July 1, 2024 &bull; Jennifer Pallanich &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Acidizing-2024" href="https://jpt.spe.org/acidizing-2024" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="JPT_2024-06_ACFocus.jpg" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/e715d66/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1024x572+0+98/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fa4%2F12%2Fe3518c634ed19767e92c407fc93a%2Fjpt-2024-06-acfocus.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/acidizing-2024" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing-2024</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">Engineers desperately need an alternative to acid placement through pipe, coiled tubing, or bullheading. For example, propellants have been around for years; however, their performance has not quite met the hype. Nevertheless, several case histories have been authored to suggest their efficacy; historically, some treatments have even been wildly successful.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">June 1, 2024 &bull; Imran Abbasy &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Study of Field Failures Decodes Hydrogen Embrittlement in High-Strength Coiled Tubing" href="https://jpt.spe.org/study-of-field-failures-decodes-hydrogen-embrittlement-in-high-strength-coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="High-pressure sour exposure chamber." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/6a44759/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F85%2F38%2Fbb749286486f9b12f4f3878d4d99%2Fjpt-2024-06-ct218327.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/study-of-field-failures-decodes-hydrogen-embrittlement-in-high-strength-coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Study of Field Failures Decodes Hydrogen Embrittlement in High-Strength Coiled Tubing</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This study emphasizes the vital need to evaluate well conditions and working-fluid compatibility with coiled tubing materials to prolong coiled tubing operational 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