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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Uso_do_eV_em_unidades_de_outras_grandezas_físicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uso_do_eV_em_unidades_de_outras_grandezas_físicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Uso do eV em unidades de outras grandezas físicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uso_do_eV_em_unidades_de_outras_grandezas_físicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Múltiplos_do_elétron-volt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Múltiplos_do_elétron-volt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Múltiplos do elétron-volt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Múltiplos_do_elétron-volt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elétron-volt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 80 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Electronvolt" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="إلكترون فولت — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إلكترون فولت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n-voltiu" title="Electrón-voltiu — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Electrón-voltiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_volt" title="Elektron volt — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektron volt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="الکترون ولت — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکترون ولت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elektronenvolt" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Электронвольт — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электронвольт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Электронвольт — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Электронвольт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Електронволт — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електронволт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ইলেকট্রন-ভোল্ট — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইলেকট্রন-ভোল্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="གློག་རྡུལ་ཝོལ། — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གློག་རྡུལ་ཝོལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron-volt" title="Elektron-volt — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Elektron-volt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3-volt" title="Electró-volt — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Electró-volt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Электронвольт — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электронвольт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektronenvolt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%84" title="Ηλεκτρονιοβόλτ — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρονιοβόλτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electronvolt" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolto" title="Elektronvolto — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektronvolto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvoltio" title="Electronvoltio — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Electronvoltio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="الکترون‌ولت — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکترون‌ولت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronivoltti" title="Elektronivoltti — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elektronivoltti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectronvolt" title="Électronvolt — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Électronvolt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt — frísio setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Elektronenvolt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frísio setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leictreonvolta" title="Leictreonvolta — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leictreonvolta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n-volt" title="Electrón-volt — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Electrón-volt" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F" title="ઈલેક્ટ્રોન વોલ્ટ — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈલેક્ટ્રોન વોલ્ટ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98" title="אלקטרון וולט — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלקטרון וולט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="इलेक्ट्रॉन वोल्ट — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इलेक्ट्रॉन वोल्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6-%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%BF" title="Էլեկտրոն-վոլտ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրոն-վոլտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafeindarvolt" title="Rafeindarvolt — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafeindarvolt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettronvolt" title="Elettronvolt — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elettronvolt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="電子ボルト — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電子ボルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ელექტრონვოლტი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრონვოლტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Электронвольт — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электронвольт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="전자볼트 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전자볼트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvoltium" title="Electronvoltium — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Electronvoltium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettron-volt" title="Elettron-volt — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Elettron-volt" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvoltas" title="Elektronvoltas — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektronvoltas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolts" title="Elektronvolts — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektronvolts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Електронволт — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електронволт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="इलेक्ट्रॉनव्होल्ट — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इलेक्ट्रॉनव्होल्ट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Electronvolt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronowolt" title="Elektronowolt — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elektronowolt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletronv%C3%B2lt" title="Eletronvòlt — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Eletronvòlt" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%B9" title="الیکٹرون وولٹ — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الیکٹرون وولٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Electronvolt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Электронвольт — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электронвольт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettronvolt" title="Elettronvolt — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Elettronvolt" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electronvolt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr%C3%B3nvolt" title="Elektrónvolt — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrónvolt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolti" title="Elektronvolti — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Elektronvolti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Електронволт — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електронволт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="இலத்திரன்வோல்ட் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலத்திரன்வோல்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="อิเล็กตรอนโวลต์ — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิเล็กตรอนโวลต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Електронвольт — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електронвольт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%B9" title="الیکٹرون وولٹ — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الیکٹرون وولٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektronvolt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Electronvolt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="电子伏特 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电子伏特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電子伏特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電子伏特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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lang="pt" dir="ltr"><p><span class="no-conversion"><b><span lang="pt-br">Elétron-volt</span></b> <sup>(<a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%AAs_brasileiro" title="Português brasileiro">português brasileiro</a>)</sup> ou <b><span lang="pt-pt">eletrão-volt</span></b> <sup>(<a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%AAs_europeu" title="Português europeu">português europeu</a>)</sup></span> é uma <a href="/wiki/Unidade_de_medida" title="Unidade de medida">unidade de medida</a> de <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a>. Equivale a 1,602 176 634 x 10<sup>-19</sup> <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joules</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIST_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Seu símbolo é <b>eV</b> e seu plural, <b>elétrons-volt</b> ou <b>eletrões-volt</b>. Por definição, um elétron-volt é a quantidade de <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> cinética ganha por um único <a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron" title="Elétron">elétron</a> quando acelerado por uma <a href="/wiki/Diferen%C3%A7a_de_potencial_el%C3%A9trico" class="mw-redirect" title="Diferença de potencial elétrico">diferença de potencial elétrico</a> de um <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a>, no <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1cuo" title="Vácuo">vácuo</a>. </p><p>É comum especificar a capacidade de um <a href="/wiki/Acelerador_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Acelerador de partículas">acelerador de partículas</a> com a unidade elétron-volt. Por exemplo, o <a href="/wiki/Grande_Colisor_de_H%C3%A1drons" title="Grande Colisor de Hádrons">Grande Colisor de Hádrons</a> (Large Hadron Collisor, LHC) pode alcançar até 14 TeV (teraelétrons-volt ou trilhões de elétrons-volt). Isso significa que essa máquina é capaz de acelerar dois feixes de partículas (no caso, <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ton" title="Próton">prótons</a>) em sentidos contrários até que tenham energia cinética de 14 TeV um em relação ao outro, para então colidirem e produzirem os fenômenos físicos a serem investigados. Isso equivale a uma velocidade de 99,999999% da velocidade da luz.<sup id="cite_ref-LHC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LHC-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Pode-se também dizer que o LHC pode alcançar até 7 TeV <i>por feixe</i> <sup id="cite_ref-LHC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LHC-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> (como são dois feixes em sentidos contrários, a energia total de colisão entre eles é de 14 TeV). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uso_do_eV_em_unidades_de_outras_grandezas_físicas"><span id="Uso_do_eV_em_unidades_de_outras_grandezas_f.C3.ADsicas"></span>Uso do eV em unidades de outras grandezas físicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=El%C3%A9tron-volt&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Uso do eV em unidades de outras grandezas físicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=El%C3%A9tron-volt&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Uso do eV em unidades de outras grandezas físicas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outras grandezas físicas, como a massa, podem ser expressas em termos do elétron-volt. No caso da <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massa</a>, a sua relação com o elétron-volt vem da equação <i>E</i> = <i>mc</i><sup>2</sup>, da <a href="/wiki/Teoria_da_relatividade_restrita" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria da relatividade restrita">teoria da relatividade restrita</a>, que expressa a <a href="/wiki/Equival%C3%AAncia_massa-energia" class="mw-redirect" title="Equivalência massa-energia">equivalência entre massa e energia</a>. Aqui, <i>E</i> representa a energia, <i>m</i> a massa e <i>c</i> a <a href="/wiki/Velocidade_da_luz" title="Velocidade da luz">velocidade da luz</a> no vácuo, igual a 2,99792458 x 10<sup>8</sup> m/s. Assim, se a energia é medida em elétrons-volt, a unidade de massa pode ser expressa como "eV/c<sup>2</sup>". Por exemplo, pode-se dizer que o elétron tem <a href="/wiki/Massa_de_repouso" class="mw-redirect" title="Massa de repouso">massa de repouso</a> de 0,511 MeV/c<sup>2</sup>. Isso significa que, se sua massa de repouso fosse completamente convertida em energia, resultaria em 0,511 MeV. </p><p>Porém, é comum, na linguagem científica, abreviar-se essa unidade de massa para simplesmente eV, sem o fator c<sup>2</sup>. Para isso, considera-se que estejam sendo utilizadas unidades de medida tais que c = 1. <sup id="cite_ref-Griffiths_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffiths-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Diz-se então que o elétron tem "massa de repouso de 0,511 MeV". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Múltiplos_do_elétron-volt"><span id="M.C3.BAltiplos_do_el.C3.A9tron-volt"></span>Múltiplos do elétron-volt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=El%C3%A9tron-volt&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Múltiplos do elétron-volt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=El%C3%A9tron-volt&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Múltiplos do elétron-volt"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Existem vários múltiplos do Elétron-Volt, que são largamente utilizados na <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_at%C3%B4mica" title="Física atômica">física atômica</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_nuclear" title="Física nuclear">nuclear</a> e <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas">de partículas</a>, que são: </p> <ul><li><b>keV</b> (quilo eV): mil elétrons-volt = <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 10^{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 10^{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9dbd60b35ef8ca5859f59d14662a63139ffe0a50" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.379ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 10^{3}}"></span> elétrons-volt.</li> <li><b>MeV</b> (mega eV): 1 milhão de elétrons-volt = <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 10^{6}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 10^{6}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3ffb66117ef0a7ccf37efe85652c7b3e829f32fb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.379ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 10^{6}}"></span> elétrons-volt.</li> <li><b>GeV</b> (giga eV): 1 bilhão (mil milhões) de elétrons-volt = <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 10^{9}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 10^{9}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5f8dddd44eb018f09163e18ba8f19485e38bdb7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.379ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 10^{9}}"></span> elétrons-volt.</li> <li><b>TeV</b> (tera eV): 1 trilhão (mil bilhões) de elétrons-volt = 10<sup>12</sup> elétrons-volt.</li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NIST-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NIST_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html">«The NIST Reference on Constants, Units and Uncertainty»</a> (em inglês). National Institute of Standards and Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de fevereiro de 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AEl%C3%A9tron-volt&rft.btitle=The+NIST+Reference+on+Constants%2C+Units+and+Uncertainty&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcuu%2FConstants%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LHC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-LHC_2-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-LHC_2-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lhc-machine-outreach.web.cern.ch/lhc-machine-outreach/">«LHC machine outreach»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de setembro de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AEl%C3%A9tron-volt&rft.btitle=LHC+machine+outreach&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flhc-machine-outreach.web.cern.ch%2Flhc-machine-outreach%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffiths-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Griffiths_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Griffiths, David (1987). <i>Introduction to elementary particles</i>. [S.l.]: John Wiley & Sons. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-471-61544-7" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-471-61544-7">0-471-61544-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AEl%C3%A9tron-volt&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+elementary+particles&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-471-61544-7&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:U%2B269B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/U%2B269B.svg/35px-U%2B269B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/U%2B269B.svg/53px-U%2B269B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/U%2B269B.svg/70px-U%2B269B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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