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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_study" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_study"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Scientific study</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_study-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socioeconomic_consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socioeconomic_consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Socioeconomic consequences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socioeconomic_consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Parícutin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="باريكوتين (بركان) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باريكوتين (بركان)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="পেরিকোটিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পেরিকোটিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Парикутин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парикутин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1_Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Volcá Paricutín – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Volcá Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%8A%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%A6" title="ޕަރިކްޓީން އަލިފާން ފަރުބަދަ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕަރިކްޓީން އަލިފާން ފަރުބަދަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Παρικουτίν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παρικουτίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پاریکوتین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاریکوتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%BF%A0%ED%8B%B4%EC%82%B0" title="파리쿠틴산 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파리쿠틴산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="पारिकुटीन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पारिकुटीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADcutin" title="Parícutin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Parícutin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADcutin" title="Parícutin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parícutin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פריקוטין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פריקוטין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADcutin" title="Parícutin – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Parícutin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პარიკუტინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პარიკუტინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADcutin" title="Parícutin – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Parícutin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADcutin" title="Parícutin – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Parícutin" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parikutinas" title="Parikutinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Parikutinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/parikuTIN" title="parikuTIN – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="parikuTIN" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADcutin" title="Parícutin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Parícutin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Парикутин (вулкан) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парикутин (вулкан)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="പ്യാരിക്യൂട്ടിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്യാരിക്യൂട്ടിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="पारिकुटीन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पारिकुटीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جبل بركان باريكوتين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جبل بركان باريكوتين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E5%B1%B1" title="パリクティン山 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パリクティン山" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricutin" title="Paricutin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Paricutin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricutin" title="Paricutin – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Paricutin" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricutin" title="Paricutin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paricutin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Парикутин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парикутин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADcutin" title="Parícutin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Parícutin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Парикутин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парикутин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%ADcutin" title="Parícutin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Parícutin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paricut%C3%ADn" title="Paricutín – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paricutín" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Парікутин (вулкан) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парікутин (вулкан)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Parícutin</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paricutin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Paricutin.jpg/272px-Paricutin.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Paricutin.jpg/408px-Paricutin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Paricutin.jpg/544px-Paricutin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3112" data-file-height="2018" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Parícutin in 1994</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,800 m (9,200 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Topographic_prominence" title="Topographic prominence">Prominence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">208 m (682 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Par%C3%ADcutin&params=19_29_35_N_102_15_4_W_region:MX-MIC_type:mountain_scale:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°29′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">102°15′4″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.49306°N 102.25111°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.49306; -102.25111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em;"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico_Michoacan_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parícutin is located in Michoacán"><img alt="Parícutin is located in Michoacán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mexico_Michoacan_location_map.svg/272px-Mexico_Michoacan_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mexico_Michoacan_location_map.svg/408px-Mexico_Michoacan_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mexico_Michoacan_location_map.svg/544px-Mexico_Michoacan_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3532" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.713%;left:40.225%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Parícutin"><img alt="Parícutin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/16px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/32px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Parícutin</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">location of Parícutin in Mexico</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Michoacán</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico_topographic_map-blank_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parícutin is located in Mexico"><img alt="Parícutin is located in Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mexico_topographic_map-blank_2.svg/272px-Mexico_topographic_map-blank_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mexico_topographic_map-blank_2.svg/408px-Mexico_topographic_map-blank_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mexico_topographic_map-blank_2.svg/544px-Mexico_topographic_map-blank_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2957" data-file-height="1927" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.288%;left:50.462%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Parícutin"><img alt="Parícutin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/16px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/32px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Parícutin</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Parícutin (Mexico)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Mexico</span></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_of_Mexico" title="List of states of Mexico">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geological_time_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological time scale">Rock age</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1952</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_types" title="List of mountain types">Mountain type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cinder_cone" title="Cinder cone">Cinder cone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Volcanic <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_arc" title="Volcanic arc">arc</a>/<a href="/wiki/Volcanic_belt" title="Volcanic belt">belt</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trans-Mexican_Volcanic_Belt" title="Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt">Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Last eruption</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1943 to 1952</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Climbing</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1943</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Normal_route" title="Normal route"><span class="nowrap">Easiest route</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hike</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Parícutin</b> (or <b>Volcán de Parícutin</b>, also accented <b>Paricutín</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Cinder_cone" title="Cinder cone">cinder cone</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a> located in the Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>, near the city of <a href="/wiki/Uruapan" title="Uruapan">Uruapan</a> and about 322 kilometers (200 mi) west of <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>. The volcano surged suddenly from the cornfield of local farmer Dionisio Pulido in 1943, attracting both popular and scientific attention. </p><p>Parícutin presented the first occasion for modern science to document the full life cycle of an eruption of this type. During the volcano's nine years of activity, scientists sketched and mapped it and took thousands of samples and photographs. By 1952, the eruption had left a 424-meter-high (1,391 ft) cone and significantly damaged an area of more than 233 square kilometers (90 sq mi) with the ejection of stone, <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">volcanic ash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a>. Three people were killed, two towns were completely evacuated and buried by lava, and three others were heavily affected. Hundreds of people had to permanently relocate, and two new towns were created to accommodate their migration. Although the larger region still remains highly active volcanically, Parícutin is now dormant and has become a tourist attraction, with people climbing the volcano and visiting the hardened lava-covered ruins of the San Juan Parangaricutiro Church. </p><p>In 1997, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> named Parícutin one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Natural_Wonders_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Natural Wonders of the World">Seven Natural Wonders of the World</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, the disaster film <a href="/wiki/Volcano_(1997_film)" title="Volcano (1997 film)"><i>Volcano</i></a> mentioned it as a precedent for the film's fictional events. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%ADcutin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paricut%C3%ADn_volcano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Paricut%C3%ADn_volcano.jpg/220px-Paricut%C3%ADn_volcano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Paricut%C3%ADn_volcano.jpg/330px-Paricut%C3%ADn_volcano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Paricut%C3%ADn_volcano.jpg/440px-Paricut%C3%ADn_volcano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption>Parícutin in 1997</figcaption></figure> <p>Parícutin is located in the Mexican municipality of <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_San_Juan_Parangaricutiro" title="Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro">Nuevo Parangaricutiro</a>, Michoacán, 29 kilometers (18 mi) west of the city of Uruapan and about 322 km west of Mexico City.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mexdes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mexdes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lies on the northern flank of <a href="/wiki/Pico_de_Tanc%C3%ADtaro" title="Pico de Tancítaro">Pico de Tancítaro</a>, which itself lies on top of an old <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcano</a> and extends 3,170 meters (10,400 ft) above sea level and 424 meters (1,391 ft) above the Valley of Quitzocho-Cuiyusuru.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These structures are wedged against old volcanic mountain chains and surrounded by small volcanic cones, with the intervening valleys occupied by small fields and orchards or small settlements, from groups of a few houses to those the size of towns.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jordonez_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jordonez-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paricutin1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Paricutin1.jpg/220px-Paricutin1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Paricutin1.jpg/330px-Paricutin1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Paricutin1.jpg/440px-Paricutin1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Parícutin from Las Cabañas</figcaption></figure> <p>The volcano lies on, and is a product of, the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Mexican_Volcanic_Belt" title="Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt">Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt</a>, which runs 900 kilometers (560 mi) west-to-east across central Mexico. It includes the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (Mexico)">Sierra Nevada</a> mountain range (a set of extinct volcanoes) as well as thousands of <a href="/wiki/Cinder_cone" title="Cinder cone">cinder cones</a> and volcanic vents. Volcanic activity here has created the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Plateau" title="Mexican Plateau">Central Mexican Plateau</a> and rock deposits up to 1.8 kilometers (1.1 mi) deep. It has also created fertile soils by the widespread deposition of ash and thereby some of Mexico's most productive farmland.<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The volcanic activity here is a result of the <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rivera_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivera Plate">Rivera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocos_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocos Plate">Cocos</a> plates along the <a href="/wiki/Middle_America_Trench" title="Middle America Trench">Middle America Trench</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mgardine_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mgardine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More specifically, the volcano is the youngest of the approximately 1,400 volcanic vents of the <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n-Guanajuato_volcanic_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field">Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field</a>, a 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi) basalt plateau filled with <a href="/wiki/Cinder_cone" title="Cinder cone">scoria cones</a> like Parícutin, along with small <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcanoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Shield volcanoes">shield volcanoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maars" class="mw-redirect" title="Maars">maars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuff_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuff ring">tuff rings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">lava domes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mgardine_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mgardine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scoria cones are the most common type of volcano in Mexico, appearing suddenly and building a cone-shaped mountain with steep slopes before becoming extinct. Parícutin's immediate predecessor was <a href="/wiki/El_Jorullo" title="El Jorullo">El Jorullo</a>, also in Michoacán, which erupted in 1759.<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-niegan_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niegan-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ViewParicutinFromAngahuan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ViewParicutinFromAngahuan.JPG/220px-ViewParicutinFromAngahuan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ViewParicutinFromAngahuan.JPG/330px-ViewParicutinFromAngahuan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ViewParicutinFromAngahuan.JPG/440px-ViewParicutinFromAngahuan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2406" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>View of the volcano from the town of Angahuan</figcaption></figure> <p>By 2013, the crater of the volcano was about 200 meters (660 ft) across, and it was possible to both climb the volcano and walk around the entire perimeter.<sup id="cite_ref-jordonez_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jordonez-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although classified as extinct by scientists, Parícutin is still hot, and seeping rainwater reacts with this heat so that the cone still emits steam in various streams.<sup id="cite_ref-jordonez_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jordonez-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lonelyplanet_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonelyplanet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chocan_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chocan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forces that created the volcano are still active. In 1997 there was a vigorous swarm of 230 earthquakes in the Parícutin area due to tectonic movement, with five above 3.9 on the <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment magnitude scale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mgardine_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mgardine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also some reports of rumbling in 1995, and of black steam and rumbling in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-chocan_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chocan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the summer of 2006, there was another major volcanic earthquake swarm, with over 300 located near the volcano, indicating magma movement, but with no eruption at Parícutin or elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-mgardine_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mgardine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%ADcutin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paricutin_30_613.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Paricutin_30_613.jpg/220px-Paricutin_30_613.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Paricutin_30_613.jpg/330px-Paricutin_30_613.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Paricutin_30_613.jpg/440px-Paricutin_30_613.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>1943 eruption at night</figcaption></figure> <p>Parícutin erupted from 1943 to 1952, unusually long for this type of volcano, and with several eruptive phases.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For weeks prior, residents of the area reported hearing noises similar to thunder but without clouds in the sky. This sound is consistent with deep earthquakes caused by the movement of <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later study indicated that the eruption was preceded by 21 earthquakes over 3.2 in intensity starting five weeks before the eruption. One week prior to the eruption, newspapers reported 25–30 per day. The day before the eruption, the number was estimated at 300.<sup id="cite_ref-mgardine_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mgardine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eruption began on February 20, 1943,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at about 4:00<span class="nowrap"> </span>pm local time. The center of the activity was a cornfield owned by Dionisio Pulido, near the town of Parícutin. During that day, he and his family had been working their land, clearing it to prepare for spring planting.<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suddenly the ground nearby swelled upward and formed a fissure between 2 and 2.5 meters across. They reported that they heard hissing sounds, and saw smoke which smelled like rotten eggs, indicating the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Within hours, the fissure would develop into a small crater.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pulido reported: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>At 4 p.m., I left my wife to set fire to a pile of branches when I noticed that a crack, which was situated on one of the knolls of my farm, had opened . . . and I saw that it was a kind of fissure that had a depth of only half a meter. I set about to ignite the branches again when I felt a thunder, the trees trembled, and I turned to speak to Paula; and it was then I saw how, in the hole, the ground swelled and raised itself 2 or 2.5 meters high, and a kind of smoke or fine dust – grey, like ashes – began to rise up in a portion of the crack that I had not previously seen . . . Immediately more smoke began to rise with a hiss or whistle, loud and continuous; and there was a smell of sulfur.<sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He tried to find his family and oxen but they had disappeared; so he rode his horse to town where he found his family and friends, happy to see him alive.<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The volcano grew fast and furiously after this.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Celedonio Gutierrez, who witnessed the eruption on the first night, reported: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>…when night began to fall, we heard noises like the surge of the sea, and red flames of fire rose into the darkened sky, some rising 800 meters or more into the air, that burst like golden marigolds, and a rain like fireworks fell to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On that first day, the volcano had begun <a href="/wiki/Strombolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Strombolian">strombolian</a> pyroclastic activity; and within 24 hours there was a scoria cone fifty meters high, created by the ejection of <a href="/wiki/Lapilli" title="Lapilli">lapilli</a> fragments up to the size of a walnut and larger, semi-molten <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_bomb" title="Volcanic bomb">volcanic bombs</a>. By the end of the week, reports held that the cone was between 100 and 150 meters high.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after the start, the valley was covered in smoke and ash.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phases">Phases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%ADcutin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paricutin_30_612.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Paricutin_30_612.jpg/220px-Paricutin_30_612.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Paricutin_30_612.jpg/330px-Paricutin_30_612.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Paricutin_30_612.jpg/440px-Paricutin_30_612.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Cinder cone in 1943</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basaltic_Andesite_from_Paricutin_volcano_in_Mexico_-_Smithsonian_Rock_Sample.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Basaltic_Andesite_from_Paricutin_volcano_in_Mexico_-_Smithsonian_Rock_Sample.jpg/220px-Basaltic_Andesite_from_Paricutin_volcano_in_Mexico_-_Smithsonian_Rock_Sample.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Basaltic_Andesite_from_Paricutin_volcano_in_Mexico_-_Smithsonian_Rock_Sample.jpg/330px-Basaltic_Andesite_from_Paricutin_volcano_in_Mexico_-_Smithsonian_Rock_Sample.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Basaltic_Andesite_from_Paricutin_volcano_in_Mexico_-_Smithsonian_Rock_Sample.jpg/440px-Basaltic_Andesite_from_Paricutin_volcano_in_Mexico_-_Smithsonian_Rock_Sample.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Basaltic andesite lava rock sample from Parícutin, collected from a lava flow, erupted in October 1951, at the base of the volcano's "East Cascade"</figcaption></figure> <p>The nine-year activity of the volcano is divided into four stages, with names that come from the <a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_language" title="Purépecha language">Purépecha language</a>. The first phase (<i>Quitzocho</i>) extended from February 22 to October 18, 1943, with activity concentrated in the cracks that formed in the Cuiyusuro Valley, forming the initial cone. During this time, the ejected material was mostly lapilli and bombs.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March, the eruption became more powerful, with eruptive columns that extended for several kilometers.<sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In four months, the cone reached 200 meters and in eight months 365 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time period, there was some lava flow. On June 12, lava began to advance towards the village of Parícutin, forcing evacuations the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second phase went from October 18, 1943 to January 8, 1944 and is called <i>Sapichi</i>, meaning "child", referring to the formation of a lateral vent and other openings on the north side of the cone.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jordonez_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jordonez-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ash and bombs continued to be ejected but the new vent sent lava towards the town of San Juan Parangaricutiro, forcing its permanent evacuation. By August, the town was completely covered in lava and ash, with only the upper portions of the main church still visible.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evacuations of Parícutin and San Juan were accomplished without loss of life due to the slow movement of the lava.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lonelyplanet_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonelyplanet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two phases lasted just over a year and account for more than 90% of the total material ejected from the cone, as well as almost four-fifths (330 meters) of the final height of 424 meters from the valley floor. It also sent ash as far as Mexico City.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third (<i>Taqué-Ahuan</i>) lasted from January 8, 1944 to January 12, 1945 and featured mainly the formation of a series of cracks on the south side of the cone, as well as an increase in activity in the center. Lava flows from this time mostly extend to the west and northwest. During this period there also formed a mesa, now called Los Hornitos, to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the next seven years, the volcano became less active, with the ejection of ash, stone and lava coming sporadically, with periods of silence in between.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professional <a href="/wiki/Geologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologists">geologists</a> pulled out of the area in 1948, leaving only Celedonio Gutierrez to continue observations. The last burst of activity was recorded by him between January and February 1952. Several eruptions occurred in succession and a three-kilometer smoke column was produced.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_study">Scientific study</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%ADcutin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scientific study"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The particular importance of the Parícutin eruption was that it was the first time that <a href="/wiki/Volcanologist" title="Volcanologist">volcanologists</a> were able to fully document the entire life cycle of a volcano.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event brought geologists from all over the world,<sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the principal researchers were <a href="/wiki/William_F._Foshag" title="William F. Foshag">William F. Foshag</a> of the Smithsonian Institution and Dr. Jenaro Gonzalez Reyna from the Mexican government, who came about a month after the eruption started and stayed for several years. These two wrote detailed descriptions, drew sketches and maps, and took samples and thousands of photographs during this time. Many of these are still used today by researchers. Foshag continued to study the volcano until his death in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-mnhsi_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1943 and 1948, almost fifty scientific articles were published in major journals about the volcano, with even more since. The worldwide effort to study Parícutin increased understanding of volcanism in general but particularly that of scoria cone formation.<sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-niegan_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niegan-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Socioeconomic_consequences">Socioeconomic consequences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%ADcutin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Socioeconomic consequences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paricutin2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Paricutin2.jpg/220px-Paricutin2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Paricutin2.jpg/330px-Paricutin2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Paricutin2.jpg/440px-Paricutin2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>San Juan Parangaricutiro Church</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the eruption drew attention from around the world, with reporters from newspapers and magazines including <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> coming to cover the story. In the later years of the eruption, airline pilots pointed the volcano out to passengers. The Hollywood film, <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_from_Castile" title="Captain from Castile">Captain from Castile</a></i>, was shot in the area, using the erupting volcano as a backdrop and employing locals as extras.<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some outdoor shots of the Western film, <i><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Evil" title="Garden of Evil">Garden of Evil </a></i>, were filmed at the church ruins of Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro and in the village of Guanajuato with the then unrestored church ruins of the Templo Santiago Apóstol, Marfil. The eruption also inspired a generation of Mexican artists to depict or allude to it in their works, including <a href="/wiki/Dr_Atl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr Atl">Dr Atl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Alfaro_Siqueiros" title="David Alfaro Siqueiros">David Alfaro Siqueiros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Zalce" title="Alfredo Zalce">Alfredo Zalce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_O%27Higgins" title="Pablo O'Higgins">Pablo O'Higgins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-acruz_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acruz-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eruptions ended in 1952, leaving a final scoria cone with a height of 424 meters from the valley floor.<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eruption destroyed or heavily damaged a 233 km<sup>2</sup> area,<sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and almost all of the vegetation within several kilometers of the crater was destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The volcano spread lava over 26 km<sup>2</sup>, with 52 km<sup>2</sup> covered in volcanic sand.<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town of Parícutin, which once had a population of 733, is now completely gone, and all that remains of the town of San Juan Parangaricutiro, with a former population of 1,895, are parts of its main church which stand out among the hardened lava flow.<sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lonelyplanet_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonelyplanet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though no one died directly from the eruption, three people were killed when they were struck by lightning generated by pyroclastic eruptions.<sup id="cite_ref-geosdsu_11-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geosdsu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The damage from the eruption primarily affected five towns in two municipalities, San Juan Parangaricutiro and <a href="/wiki/Los_Reyes,_Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Los Reyes, Michoacán">Los Reyes</a>. In addition to the two towns that were obliterated, Zacan (pop. 876), Angahuan (pop. 1,098) and Zirosto (pop. 1,314) were also heavily affected.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main effect on the people of the area was the disruption of their lives and livelihood, especially during the first two years. The area most affected by the eruption had a population of 5,910,<sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and hundreds among these were permanently evacuated.<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before leaving his home for the last time, Dionisio Pulido placed a sign on the cornfield that read in Spanish: "This volcano is owned and operated by Dionisio Pulido."<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The populations of the two destroyed towns were initially moved to camps on either side of the city of Uruapan.<sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of the other three towns mostly stayed in place, but made adaptations to survive during the eruption.<sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People of Angahuan and Zacan mostly stayed where they were.<sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of Zirosto divided into three: those that stayed in the original location, now known as Zirosto Viejo; those who moved a few miles away to a ranch which is now officially called Zirosto Nuevo but locally called Barranca Seca; and a third group who founded a completely new settlement called Miguel Silva near Ario de Rosales.<sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town of San Juan Parangaricutiro was the seat of the municipality of the same name, and its destruction prompted a political reorganization and a new seat at Parangaricutiro (today generally called San Juan Nuevo), where much of the population of the old seat had been relocated, with some going to Angahuan.<sup id="cite_ref-mexdes_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mexdes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economy of the area was then and is now mostly agricultural, with a mostly <a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Purépecha people">Purépecha</a> population, rural and poor.<sup id="cite_ref-redilce_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redilce-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jordonez_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jordonez-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the eruption did cause a number of changes both social and economic to the affected areas, both to adapt to the changed landscape but also because the fame of the eruption has brought greater contact from the rest of Mexico and beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-mlnolan_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlnolan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The volcano has become a tourist attraction, with the main access in Angahuan, from which the volcano is clearly visible.<sup id="cite_ref-unmuseum_9-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unmuseum-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town offers guides and horses, both to visit the ruins of the San Juan Parangaricutiro Church as well as to climb the volcano itself.<sup id="cite_ref-mexdes_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mexdes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The volcano is part of the <a href="/wiki/Pico_de_Tanc%C3%ADtaro_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pico de Tancítaro National Park">Pico de Tancítaro National Park</a> and is mostly accessible on horseback, with only the last few hundred, very steep, meters to be climbed on foot.<sup id="cite_ref-lonelyplanet_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonelyplanet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trek requires a guide even if horses are not used, as the path is not well-marked and passes through forest, <a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">agave</a> fields and <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocado</a> groves. Many simply visit the ruins of the church, which are easier to access and still a pilgrimage site, the old altar regularly adorned with fresh candles and flowers. Nearby is a group of stands selling local food and souvenirs.<sup id="cite_ref-lonelyplanet_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonelyplanet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story of the formation of Parícutin is the subject of the children's book <i>Hill of Fire</i> by Thomas P. Lewis, published in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was featured in an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Rainbow" title="Reading Rainbow">Reading Rainbow</a></i> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%ADcutin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Mexico" title="List of volcanoes in Mexico">List of volcanoes in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa-shinzan" title="Shōwa-shinzan">Shōwa-shinzan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%ADcutin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928012852/http://mapserver.inegi.gob.mx/geografia/espanol/estados/mich/elecaciones.cfm?c=1208&e=16&CFID=83246&CFTOKEN=47858644">"Elevaciones principales – Michoacán de Ocampo"</a> (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapserver.inegi.gob.mx/geografia/espanol/estados/mich/elecaciones.cfm?c=1208&e=16&CFID=83246&CFTOKEN=47858644">the original</a> on September 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elevaciones+principales+%E2%80%93+Michoac%C3%A1n+de+Ocampo&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica+y+Geograf%C3%ADa&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmapserver.inegi.gob.mx%2Fgeografia%2Fespanol%2Festados%2Fmich%2Felecaciones.cfm%3Fc%3D1208%26e%3D16%26CFID%3D83246%26CFTOKEN%3D47858644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APar%C3%ADcutin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/SRTM" class="mw-redirect" title="SRTM">SRTM</a> data</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlonso" class="citation web cs1">Alonso, Nathalie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409180553/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/7-natural-wonders-world-today-101007.html">"7 Natural Wonders of the World Today"</a>. <i>USA Today Travel Tips</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://traveltips.usatoday.com/7-natural-wonders-world-today-101007.html">the original</a> on April 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today+Travel+Tips&rft.atitle=7+Natural+Wonders+of+the+World+Today&rft.aulast=Alonso&rft.aufirst=Nathalie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftraveltips.usatoday.com%2F7-natural-wonders-world-today-101007.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APar%C3%ADcutin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mnhsi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnhsi_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222212548/http://www.mnh.si.edu/onehundredyears/expeditions/Paricutin.html">"Parícutin: The Birth of a Volcano"</a>. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnh.si.edu/onehundredyears/expeditions/Paricutin.html">the original</a> on February 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Par%C3%ADcutin%3A+The+Birth+of+a+Volcano&rft.pub=Smithsonian+National+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnh.si.edu%2Fonehundredyears%2Fexpeditions%2FParicutin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APar%C3%ADcutin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mexdes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mexdes_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mexdes_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mexdes_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/tips-viajero-volcan-paricutin-michoacan.html">"Tips viajero Volcán Paricutín (Michoacán)"</a>. 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Guadalajara. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mural&rft.atitle=%27Multiplican%27+al+Paricutin&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2003-02-20&rft.au=Antimio+Cruz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APar%C3%ADcutin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/books/hill-of-fire-by-thomas-p-lewis/">"Hill of Fire by Thomas P. Lewis | Scholastic"</a>. <i>www.scholastic.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010549/https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/books/hill-of-fire-by-thomas-p-lewis/">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scholastic.com&rft.atitle=Hill+of+Fire+by+Thomas+P.+Lewis+%7C+Scholastic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scholastic.com%2Fteachers%2Fbooks%2Fhill-of-fire-by-thomas-p-lewis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APar%C3%ADcutin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurtonEscandon1985" class="citation cs2">Burton, LeVar; Escandon, Fernando (July 3, 1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0683398/"><i>Hill of Fire</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221105450/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0683398/">archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hill+of+Fire&rft.date=1985-07-03&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=LeVar&rft.au=Escandon%2C+Fernando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0683398%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APar%C3%ADcutin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%ADcutin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parícutin&oldid=1261918409">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parícutin&oldid=1261918409</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanoes_of_Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Category:Volcanoes of Michoacán">Volcanoes of Michoacán</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trans-Mexican_Volcanic_Belt" title="Category:Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt">Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monogenetic_cinder_cones" title="Category:Monogenetic cinder cones">Monogenetic cinder cones</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Mexico" title="Category:Mountains of Mexico">Mountains of Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:VEI-4_volcanoes" title="Category:VEI-4 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