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Article 4 GDPR - A/B Testing Software
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an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-4-gdpr/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="A/B Testing Software" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/convert" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2018-01-28T19:54:12+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2018-01-28T20:43:07+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.convert.com/wp-content/themes/olympus/img/gdpr-social-banner.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1299" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="650" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Dennis van der Heijden" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.convert.com/wp-content/themes/olympus/img/gdpr-social-banner.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@convert" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@convert" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Dennis van der Heijden" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="6 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-4-gdpr/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-4-gdpr/"},"author":[{"@id":"https://www.convert.com/#/schema/person/e42a7cbbed3c9375ba7dd45e619198b0"}],"headline":"Article 4 GDPR","datePublished":"2018-01-28T19:54:12+00:00","dateModified":"2018-01-28T20:43:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-4-gdpr/"},"wordCount":1298,"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.convert.com/#organization"},"articleSection":["GDPR"],"inLanguage":"en-US","image":"https://www.convert.com/wp-content/themes/olympus/img/gdpr-social-banner.jpg"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-4-gdpr/","url":"https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-4-gdpr/","name":"Article 4 GDPR - A/B Testing Software","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.convert.com/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-01-28T19:54:12+00:00","dateModified":"2018-01-28T20:43:07+00:00","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-4-gdpr/"]}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.convert.com/#website","url":"https://www.convert.com/","name":"A/B Testing Software","description":"A Visual Website Optimizer Ways to Maximizer High Conversion Rates for eCommerce Agencies","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.convert.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.convert.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.convert.com/#organization","name":"Convert.com","url":"https://www.convert.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.convert.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.convert.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/convert-logo-black-transparent.png","contentUrl":"https://www.convert.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/convert-logo-black-transparent.png","width":567,"height":122,"caption":"Convert.com"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.convert.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/convert","https://x.com/convert","https://www.linkedin.com/company/convert-com","http://pinterest.com/convertcom/","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb3MRutvDELM_843ZJ-5tww"],"publishingPrinciples":"https://www.convert.com/write-for-us/","ethicsPolicy":"https://www.convert.com/conscious-business/","diversityStaffingReport":"https://www.convert.com/jobs/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.convert.com/#/schema/person/e42a7cbbed3c9375ba7dd45e619198b0","name":"Dennis van der Heijden","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.convert.com/#/schema/person/image/10e6284eeb41e900b2fd2cad5500125e","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25935c6ed7a27f6fc805cebd7cf5273f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25935c6ed7a27f6fc805cebd7cf5273f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dennis van der Heijden"},"description":"Co-founder and CEO of Convert.com, Dennis is a passionate community builder and out of the box thinker. 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identification</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-10-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 10 GDPR - Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-9-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 9 GDPR - Processing of special categories of personal data</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-8-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 8 GDPR - Conditions applicable to child's consent in relation to information society services</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-7-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 7 GDPR - Conditions for consent</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-6-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 6 GDPR - Lawfulness of processing</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-5-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 5 GDPR - Principles relating to processing of personal data</small></u> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="card accordion u-pa-8"> <div role="tab"> <div class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target-id="chapter-3-gdpr" href="#chapter-3-gdpr" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="chapter-3-gdpr"> <div class="flex justify-space-between items-center"><small class="uppercase txt-highlight">Chapter III (3) GDPR</small></div> <div><small class="uppercase">Rights of the data subject</small></div> </div> </div> <div id="chapter-3-gdpr" class="collapse show" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="chapter-3-gdpr"> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-23-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 23 GDPR - Restrictions</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-22-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 22 GDPR - Automated individual decision-making, including profiling</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-21-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 21 GDPR - Right to object</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-20-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 20 GDPR - Right to data portability</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-19/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 19 GDPR - Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-18-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 18 GDPR - Right to restriction of processing</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-17-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 17 GDPR - Right to erasure ('right to be forgotten')</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-16-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 16 GDPR - Right to rectification</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-15-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 15 GDPR - Right of access by the data subject</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-14-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 14 GDPR - Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-13-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 13 GDPR - Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-12-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 12 GDPR - Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject</small></u> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="card accordion u-pa-8"> <div role="tab"> <div class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target-id="chapter-4-gdpr" href="#chapter-4-gdpr" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="chapter-4-gdpr"> <div class="flex justify-space-between items-center"><small class="uppercase txt-highlight">Chapter IV (4) GDPR</small></div> <div><small class="uppercase">Controller and processor</small></div> </div> </div> <div id="chapter-4-gdpr" class="collapse show" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="chapter-4-gdpr"> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-43-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 43 GDPR - Certification bodies</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-42-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 42 GDPR - Certification</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-41-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 41 GDPR - Monitoring of approved codes of conduct</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-39-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 39 GDPR - Tasks of the data protection officer</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-38-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 38 GDPR - Position of the data protection officer</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-37-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 37 GDPR - Designation of the data protection officer</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-36-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 36 GDPR - Prior consultation</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-35-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 35 GDPR - Data protection impact assessment</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-34/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 34 - Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-33-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 33 GDPR - Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-32-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 32 GDPR - Security of processing</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-31-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 31 GDPR - Cooperation with the supervisory authority</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-30-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 30 GDPR - Records of processing activities</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-29-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 29 GDPR - Processing under the authority of the controller or processor</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-28-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 28 GDPR - Processor</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-27-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 27 GDPR - Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-26/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 26 GDPR - Joint controllers</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-25-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 25 GDPR - Data protection by design and by default</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-24-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 24 GDPR - Responsibility of the controller</small></u> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="card accordion u-pa-8"> <div role="tab"> <div class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target-id="chapter-5-gdpr" href="#chapter-5-gdpr" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="chapter-5-gdpr"> <div class="flex justify-space-between items-center"><small class="uppercase txt-highlight">Chapter V (5) GDPR</small></div> <div><small class="uppercase">Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations</small></div> </div> </div> <div id="chapter-5-gdpr" class="collapse show" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="chapter-5-gdpr"> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-50-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 50 GDPR - International cooperation for the protection of personal data</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-49-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 49 GDPR - Derogations for specific situations</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-48-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 48 GDPR - Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-47-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 47 GDPR - Binding corporate rules</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-46-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 46 GDPR - Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-45-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 45 GDPR - Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-44-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 44 GDPR - General principle for transfers</small></u> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="card accordion u-pa-8"> <div role="tab"> <div class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target-id="chapter-6-gdpr" href="#chapter-6-gdpr" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="chapter-6-gdpr"> <div class="flex justify-space-between items-center"><small class="uppercase txt-highlight">Chapter VI (6) GDPR</small></div> <div><small class="uppercase">Independent supervisory authorities</small></div> </div> </div> <div id="chapter-6-gdpr" class="collapse show" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="chapter-6-gdpr"> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-59-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 59 GDPR - Activity reports</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-58-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 58 GDPR - Powers</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-57-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 57 GDPR - Tasks</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-56-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 56 GDPR - Competence of the lead supervisory authority</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-55-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 55 GDPR - Competence</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-54-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 54 GDPR - Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-53-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 53 GDPR - General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-52-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 52 GDPR - Independence</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-51-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 51 GDPR - Supervisory authority</small></u> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="card accordion u-pa-8"> <div role="tab"> <div class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target-id="chapter-7-gdpr" href="#chapter-7-gdpr" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="chapter-7-gdpr"> <div class="flex justify-space-between items-center"><small class="uppercase txt-highlight">Chapter VII (7) GDPR</small></div> <div><small class="uppercase">Cooperation and consistency</small></div> </div> </div> <div id="chapter-7-gdpr" class="collapse show" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="chapter-7-gdpr"> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-76-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 76 GDPR - Confidentiality</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-75-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 75 GDPR - Secretariat</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-74-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 74 GDPR - Tasks of the Chair</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-73-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 73 GDPR - Chair</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-72-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 72 GDPR - Procedure</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-71-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 71 GDPR - Reports</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-70-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 70 GDPR - Tasks of the Board</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-69-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 69 GDPR - Independence</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-68-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 68 GDPR - European Data Protection Board</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-67-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 67 GDPR - Exchange of information</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-66-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 66 GDPR - Urgency procedure</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-65-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 65 GDPR - Dispute resolution by the Board</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-64-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 64 GDPR - Opinion of the Board</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-63-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 63 GDPR - Consistency mechanism</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-62-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 62 GDPR - Joint operations of supervisory authorities</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-61-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 61 GDPR - Mutual assistance</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-60-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 60 GDPR - Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned</small></u> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="card accordion u-pa-8"> <div role="tab"> <div class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target-id="chapter-8-gdpr" href="#chapter-8-gdpr" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="chapter-8-gdpr"> <div class="flex justify-space-between items-center"><small class="uppercase txt-highlight">Chapter VIII (8) GDPR</small></div> <div><small class="uppercase">Remedies, liability and penalties</small></div> </div> </div> <div id="chapter-8-gdpr" class="collapse show" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="chapter-8-gdpr"> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-84-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 84 GDPR - Penalties</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-83-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 83 GDPR - General conditions for imposing administrative fines</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-82-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 82 GDPR - Right to compensation and liability</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-81-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 81 GDPR - Suspension of proceedings</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-80-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 80 GDPR - Representation of data subjects</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-79-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 79 GDPR - Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-78-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 78 GDPR - Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-77-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 77 GDPR - Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority</small></u> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="card accordion u-pa-8"> <div role="tab"> <div class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target-id="chapter-9-gdpr" href="#chapter-9-gdpr" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="chapter-9-gdpr"> <div class="flex justify-space-between items-center"><small class="uppercase txt-highlight">Chapter IX (9) GDPR</small></div> <div><small class="uppercase">Provisions relating to specific processing situations</small></div> </div> </div> <div id="chapter-9-gdpr" class="collapse show" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="chapter-9-gdpr"> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-91-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 91 GDPR - Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-90-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 90 GDPR - Obligations of secrecy</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-89-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 89 GDPR - Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-88-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 88 GDPR - Processing in the context of employment</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-86-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 86 GDPR - Processing and public access to official documents</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-85-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 85 GDPR - Processing and freedom of expression and information</small></u> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="card accordion u-pa-8"> <div role="tab"> <div class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target-id="chapter-10-gdpr" href="#chapter-10-gdpr" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="chapter-10-gdpr"> <div class="flex justify-space-between items-center"><small class="uppercase txt-highlight">Chapter X (10) GDPR</small></div> <div><small class="uppercase">Delegated acts and implementing acts</small></div> </div> </div> <div id="chapter-10-gdpr" class="collapse show" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="chapter-10-gdpr"> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-93-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 93 GDPR - Committee procedure</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-92-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 92 GDPR - Exercise of the delegation</small></u> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="card accordion u-pa-8"> <div role="tab"> <div class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target-id="chapter-11-gdpr" href="#chapter-11-gdpr" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="chapter-11-gdpr"> <div class="flex justify-space-between items-center"><small class="uppercase txt-highlight">Chapter XI (11) GDPR</small></div> <div><small class="uppercase">Final provisions</small></div> </div> </div> <div id="chapter-11-gdpr" class="collapse show" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="chapter-11-gdpr"> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-99-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 99 GDPR - Entry into force and application</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-98-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 98 GDPR - Review of other Union legal acts on data protection</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-97-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 97 GDPR - Commission reports</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-96-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 96 GDPR - Relationship with previously concluded Agreements</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-95-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 95 GDPR - Relationship with Directive 2002/58/EC</small></u> </a> </div> <div class="u-pt-4"> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-94-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u><small>Article 94 GDPR - Repeal of Directive 95/46/EC</small></u> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="grid__8--tb grid__9--dt card u-pa-24"> <h1 class="center lead"> <span class="txt-highlight h3 u-mb-0 db">Article 4 GDPR</span> <span class="h2">Definitions</span> </h1> <p>For the purposes of this Regulation:</p> <ol> <li>‘personal data’ means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data subject’); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person;</li> <li>‘processing’ means any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction;</li> <li>‘restriction of processing’ means the marking of stored personal data with the aim of limiting their processing in the future;</li> <li>‘profiling’ means any form of automated processing of personal data consisting of the use of personal data to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular to analyse or predict aspects concerning that natural person’s performance at work, economic situation, health, personal preferences, interests, reliability, behaviour, location or movements;</li> <li>‘pseudonymisation’ means the processing of personal data in such a manner that the personal data can no longer be attributed to a specific data subject without the use of additional information, provided that such additional information is kept separately and is subject to technical and organisational measures to ensure that the personal data are not attributed to an identified or identifiable natural person;</li> <li>‘filing system’ means any structured set of personal data which are accessible according to specific criteria, whether centralised, decentralised or dispersed on a functional or geographical basis;</li> <li>‘controller’ means the natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data; where the purposes and means of such processing are determined by Union or Member State law, the controller or the specific criteria for its nomination may be provided for by Union or Member State law;</li> <li>‘processor’ means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which processes personal data on behalf of the controller;</li> <li>‘recipient’ means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or another body, to which the personal data are聽disclosed, whether a third party or not. However, public authorities which may receive personal data in the framework of a particular inquiry in accordance with Union or Member State law shall not be regarded as recipients; the processing of those data by those public authorities shall be in compliance with the applicable data protection rules according to the purposes of the processing;</li> <li>‘third party’ means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or body聽other聽than the data subject, controller, processor and persons who, under the direct authority of the controller or processor, are authorised to process personal data;</li> <li>‘consent’ of the data subject means any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject’s wishes by which he or she, by a statement or by a clear affirmative action, signifies agreement to the processing of personal data relating to him or her;</li> <li>‘personal data breach’ means a breach of security leading to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, personal data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed;</li> <li>‘genetic data’ means personal data relating to the inherited or acquired genetic characteristics of a natural person which give unique information about the physiology or the health of that natural person and which result, in particular, from an analysis of a biological sample from the natural person in question;</li> <li>‘biometric data’ means personal data resulting from specific technical processing relating to the physical, physiological or behavioural characteristics of a natural person, which allow or confirm the unique identification of that natural person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic data;</li> <li>‘data concerning health’ means personal data related to the physical or mental health of a natural person, including the provision of health care services, which reveal information about his or her health status;</li> <li>‘main establishment’ means: <ul> <li>(a) as regards a controller with establishments in more than one Member State, the place of its central administration in the Union, unless the decisions on the purposes and means of the processing of personal data are taken in another establishment of the controller in the Union and the latter establishment has the power to have such decisions implemented, in which case the establishment having taken such decisions is to be considered to be the main establishment;</li> <li>(b) as regards a processor with establishments in more than one Member State, the place of its central administration in the Union, or, if the processor has no central administration in the Union, the establishment of the processor in the Union where the main processing activities in the context of the activities of an establishment of the processor take place to the extent that the processor is subject to specific obligations under this Regulation;</li> </ul> </li> <li>‘representative’ means a natural or legal person established in the Union who, designated by the controller or processor in writing pursuant to聽Article 27, represents the controller or processor with regard to their respective obligations under this Regulation;</li> <li>‘enterprise’ means a natural or legal person engaged in an economic activity, irrespective of its legal form, including partnerships or associations regularly engaged in an economic activity;</li> <li>‘group of undertakings’ means a controlling undertaking and its controlled undertakings;</li> <li>‘binding corporate rules’ means personal data protection policies which are adhered to by a controller or processor established on the territory of a Member State for transfers or a set of transfers of personal data to a controller or processor in one or more third countries within a group of undertakings, or group of enterprises engaged in a joint economic activity;</li> <li>‘supervisory authority’ means an independent public authority which is established by a Member State pursuant to聽Article 51;</li> <li>‘supervisory authority concerned’ means a supervisory authority which is concerned by the processing of personal data because: (a) the controller or processor is established on the territory of the Member State of that supervisory authority; (b) data subjects residing in the Member State of that supervisory authority are substantially affected or likely to be substantially affected by the processing; or (c) a complaint has been lodged with that supervisory authority;</li> <li>‘cross-border processing’ means either: <ul> <li>(a) processing of personal data which takes place in the context of the activities of establishments in more than one Member State of a controller or processor in the Union where the controller or processor is established in more than one Member State; or</li> <li>(b) processing of personal data which takes place in the context of the activities of a single establishment of a controller or processor in the Union but which substantially affects or is likely to substantially affect data subjects in more than one Member State.</li> </ul> </li> <li>‘relevant and reasoned objection’ means an objection to a draft decision as to whether there is an infringement of this Regulation, or whether envisaged action in relation to the controller or processor complies with this Regulation, which clearly demonstrates the significance of the risks posed by the draft decision as regards the fundamental rights and freedoms of data subjects and, where applicable, the free flow of personal data within the Union;</li> <li>‘information society service’ means a service as defined in point (b) of Article 1(1) of Directive (EU) 2015/1535 of the European Parliament and of the Council (19);</li> <li>‘international organisation’ means an organisation and its subordinate bodies governed by public international law, or any other body which is set up by, or on the basis of, an agreement between two or more countries.</li> </ol> <div class="shared-counts-wrap after_content style-icon"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-4-gdpr/" title="Share on LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="shared-counts-button linkedin shared-counts-no-count" data-postid="4375" data-social-network="LinkedIn" data-social-action="Share" data-social-target="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/article-4-gdpr/"><span class="shared-counts-icon-label"><span class="shared-counts-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="27.4375" height="32" viewBox="0 0 878 1024"><path d="M199.429 357.143v566.286h-188.571v-566.286h188.571zM211.429 182.286q0.571 41.714-28.857 69.714t-77.429 28h-1.143q-46.857 0-75.429-28t-28.571-69.714q0-42.286 29.429-70t76.857-27.714 76 27.714 29.143 70zM877.714 598.857v324.571h-188v-302.857q0-60-23.143-94t-72.286-34q-36 0-60.286 19.714t-36.286 48.857q-6.286 17.143-6.286 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as recipients if they receive personal data*</u> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/recital-30-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u>Recital 30 GDPR - Allowing online identifiers*</u> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/recital-29-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u>Recital 29 GDPR - Allowing general analysis within the same controller*</u> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/recital-28-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u>Recital 28 GDPR - Application of pseudonymisation to personal data*</u> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/recital-26-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u>Recital 26 GDPR - Applicable to any information concerning an identified or identifiable natural person*</u> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.convert.com/eu-gdpr/recital-15-gdpr/" class="dib h5"> <u>Recital 15 GDPR - The protection of natural persons should be technologically neutral*</u> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <button class="scrollup" aria-label="Scroll 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