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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fluctuații_climatice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fluctuații_climatice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fluctuații climatice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fluctuații_climatice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Holocen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 91 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoseen" title="Holoseen – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Holoseen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoz%C3%A4n" title="Holozän – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Holozän" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="العصر الهولوسيني – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العصر الهولوسيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هولوسين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هولوسين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocenu" title="Holocenu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Holocenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Holosen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Голоцен – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Голоцен" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Галацэн – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галацэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Холоцен – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Холоцен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="হলোসিন – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হলোসিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Holosen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocen" title="Holocen – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Holocen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%C3%A8" title="Holocè – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Holocè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%B2ng-s%C4%ADng-si%C3%A9" title="Ciòng-sĭng-sié – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ciòng-sĭng-sié" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%C3%A9n" title="Holocén – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Holocén" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Holosen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%C3%A6n" title="Holocæn – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Holocæn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoz%C3%A4n" title="Holozän – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Holozän" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Ολόκαινος εποχή – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ολόκαινος εποχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Holocene" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoceno" title="Holoceno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Holoceno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoceno" title="Holoceno – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Holoceno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holotseen" title="Holotseen – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Holotseen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holozeno" title="Holozeno – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Holozeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86" title="هولوسن – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هولوسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoseeni" title="Holoseeni – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Holoseeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%C3%A8ne" title="Holocène – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Holocène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoz%C3%A4n" title="Holozän – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Holozän" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoseen" title="Holoseen – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Holoseen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Sealad_Holaic%C3%A9ineach" title="An Sealad Holaicéineach – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Sealad Holaicéineach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoceno" title="Holoceno – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Holoceno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9F" title="הולוקן – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הולוקן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="नूतनतम युग – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नूतनतम युग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocen" title="Holocen – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Holocen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%C3%A9n" title="Holocén – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Holocén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Հոլոցեն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոլոցեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Holosen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAt%C3%ADmi_(jar%C3%B0fr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Nútími (jarðfræði) – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nútími (jarðfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olocene" title="Olocene – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Olocene" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="完新世 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="完新世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Holosen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰოლოცენი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰოლოცენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Голоцен – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Голоцен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%80%EB%A1%9C%EC%84%B8" title="홀로세 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="홀로세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Holosen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Голоцен – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Голоцен" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaenum" title="Holocaenum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Holocaenum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holozen" title="Holozen – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Holozen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olosene" title="Olosene – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Olosene" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocenas" title="Holocenas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Holocenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%C4%93ns" title="Holocēns – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Holocēns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Холоцен – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Холоцен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹോളോസീൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹോളോസീൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Holosen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86" title="هولوسن – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هولوسن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoz%C3%A4n" title="Holozän – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Holozän" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoceen" title="Holoceen – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Holoceen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocen" title="Holocen – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Holocen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocen" title="Holocen – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Holocen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oloc%C3%A8n" title="Olocèn – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Olocèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocen" title="Holocen – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Holocen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ہولوسین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہولوسین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هولوسين – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هولوسين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoceno" title="Holoceno – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Holoceno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Голоцен – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Голоцен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Голоцен – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Голоцен" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Holocene" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosena" title="Holosena – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Holosena" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocen" title="Holocen – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Holocen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Holocene" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%C3%A9n" title="Holocén – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Holocén" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocen" title="Holocen – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Holocen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoceni" title="Holoceni – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Holoceni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Холоцен – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Холоцен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoz%C3%A4n" title="Holozän – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Holozän" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holos%C3%A9n" title="Holosén – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Holosén" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocen" title="Holocen – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Holocen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హోలోసీన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హోలోసీన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="สมัยโฮโลซีน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมัยโฮโลซีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoseno" title="Holoseno – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Holoseno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Holosen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Голоцен – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Голоцен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golotsen" title="Golotsen – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Golotsen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_Holocen" title="Thế Holocen – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế Holocen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoceen" title="Holoceen – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Holoceen" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocen" title="Holocen – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Holocen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="全新世 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="全新世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="全新世 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="全新世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="全新世 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="全新世" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%A2n-sin-s%C3%A8" title="Oân-sin-sè – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oân-sin-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="全新世 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="全新世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25445#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable float-right" width="10%" rules="all" cellpadding="1" style="float:right; border:1px solid #000000; margin-left:20px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Subdiviziunile Cuaternarului </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_(geologie)" title="Perioadă (geologie)">Perioadă</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Epoc%C4%83_(geologie)" title="Epocă (geologie)">Epocă</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2rst%C4%83_(geologie)" title="Vârstă (geologie)">Vârstă</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Datare_absolut%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datare absolută — pagină inexistentă">Vechime</a><br />(milioane ani) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7" style="background-color: rgb(254,246,145);"><a href="/wiki/Cuaternar" title="Cuaternar">Cuaternar</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color: rgb(254,241,224);"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Holocen</a> </td> <td style="background-color: ;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meghalayan — pagină inexistentă">Meghalayan</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0,0042 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: ;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northgrippian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northgrippian — pagină inexistentă">Northgrippian</a> </td> <td>0,0042 </td> <td>0,0082 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: ;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenlandian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenlandian — pagină inexistentă">Greenlandian</a> </td> <td>0,0082 </td> <td>0,0117 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color: rgb(254,239,184);"><a href="/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen">Pleistocen</a> </td> <td style="background-color: rgb(254,241,214);"><a href="/wiki/Pleistocenul_t%C3%A2rziu" title="Pleistocenul târziu">'Tarantian'</a> </td> <td>0,0117 </td> <td>0,126 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(254,240,204);"><a href="/wiki/Pleistocenul_mijlociu" title="Pleistocenul mijlociu">'Chibanian'</a> </td> <td>0,126 </td> <td>0,781 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(254,239,193);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calabrian — pagină inexistentă">Calabrian</a> </td> <td>0,781 </td> <td>1,80 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(254,238,173);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelasian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelasian — pagină inexistentă">Gelasian</a> </td> <td>1,80 </td> <td>2,58 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Holocenul</b> este actuala <a href="/wiki/Epoc%C4%83_geologic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Epocă geologică">epocă geologică</a>. A început acum aproximativ 11.650 de ani în urmă, după ultima perioadă glaciară. Holocenul este a doua etapă a <a href="/wiki/Cuaternar" title="Cuaternar">Cuaternarului</a>, după <a href="/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen">Pleistocen</a>. Ar putea reprezenta o <a href="/wiki/Interglacia%C8%9Biune" title="Interglaciațiune">interglaciațiune</a> în cadrul Cuaternarului.<sup id="cite_ref-Preda239_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preda239-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holocenul corespunde cu proliferarea rapidă, creșterea și impactul speciilor umane la nivel mondial, inclusiv toată istoria sa scrisă, revoluțiile tehnologice, dezvoltarea civilizațiilor majore și tranziția către viața urbană din prezent. În iulie 2018, Uniunea Internațională de Științe Geologice a împărțit Holocenul în trei subsecțiuni distincte:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Greenlandian, care se întinde de acum 11.650 de ani până acum 8.326 de ani</li> <li>Northgrippian, care se întinde de acum 8.326 de ani până acum 4.200 de ani</li> <li>Meghalayan, care se întinde de acum 4.200 de ani până în prezent</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termenul <i>Holocen</i> provine din <a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83_veche" title="Limba greacă veche">greaca veche</a> și înseamnă "total nou" (<i>ὅλος hólos</i>, „întreg, total” și <i>καινός kainós</i>, „nou”).<sup id="cite_ref-EtOn_Holocene_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EtOn_Holocene-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Epoca mai este denumită și "epoca recentă" sau "aluvium". Impropriu i se mai spune și "postglaciar".<sup id="cite_ref-Preda239_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preda239-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fluctuații_climatice"><span id="Fluctua.C8.9Bii_climatice"></span>Fluctuații climatice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Fluctuații climatice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fluctuații climatice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inițial se credea că holocenul este o etapă caldă a <a href="/wiki/Cuaternar" title="Cuaternar">Cuaternarului</a>, lispită de fluctuații climatice suficient de puternice pentru a afecta <a href="/wiki/Cultur%C4%83" title="Cultură">culturile</a> <a href="/wiki/Preistorie" title="Preistorie">preistorice</a> sau viețile <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">oamenilor</a> care le purtau. Cercetări mai recente au arătat însă că nu este cazul, și că Holocenul a avut de-a lungul său mai multe fluctuații climatice reprezentând mici ere glaciare, înainte de a fi urmate de perioade de optim climatic, marcate de o temperatură mai ridicată. Cea mai recentă "mică eră glaciară a avut loc între <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XV-lea" title="Secolul al XV-lea">secolul XV</a> și <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XVIII-lea" title="Secolul al XVIII-lea">secolul XVIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Preda239_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preda239-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Preda239-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Preda239_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Preda239_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Preda239_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Preda, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Amos, Jonathan (<time datetime="2018-07-18">18 iulie 2018</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-44868527">„Welcome to the Meghalayan Age a new phase in history”</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+Meghalayan+Age+a+new+phase+in+history&rft.date=2018-07-18&rft.aulast=Amos&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-44868527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHolocen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EtOn_Holocene-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EtOn_Holocene_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/holocene">„Origin and meaning of Holocene”</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-08-08">8 august 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Origin+and+meaning+of+Holocene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fholocene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHolocen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/-cene">„Origin and meaning of suffix -cene”</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-08-08">8 august 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Origin+and+meaning+of+suffix+-cene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2F-cene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHolocen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Preda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Preda — pagină inexistentă">Preda, C</a>; <i>"Enciclopedia arheologiei și istoriei vechi a României"</i>, Vol. II, <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București">București</a>, Editura Encliclopedică, 1996.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/Strat/internat.html">International Commission on Stratigraphy</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphy.org/column.php?id=Chart/Time%20Scale">International Commission on Stratigraphy - Tabelul stratigrafic internațional actual</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Istorie_geologic%C4%83" title="Format:Istorie geologică"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Istorie_geologic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Istorie geologică — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Istorie_geologic%C4%83&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Scara_timpului_geologic" title="Scara timpului geologic">Istoria geologică a Pământului</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenozoic">Era Cenozoică¹<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">(prezent–66.0 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Cuaternar" title="Cuaternar">Cuaternar <span style="font-weight:normal;">(prezent–2.588 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Holocen (prezent–11.784 )</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen">Pleistocen (11.784 –2.588 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen">Neogen <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2.588–23.03 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Pliocen" title="Pliocen">Pliocen (2.588–5.333 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen">Miocen (5.333–23.03 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogen" title="Paleogen">Paleogen <span style="font-weight:normal;">(23.03–66.0 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Oligocen" title="Oligocen">Oligocen (23.03–33.9 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eocen" title="Eocen">Eocen (33.9–56.0 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paleocen" title="Paleocen">Paleocen (56.0–66.0 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Mezozoic" title="Mezozoic">Era Mezozoică¹<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">(66.0–251.902 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Cretacic" title="Cretacic">Cretacic <span style="font-weight:normal;">(66.0–145.0 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Cretacicul_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretacicul Superior">Târziu (66.0–100.5 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cretacicul_timpuriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretacicul timpuriu">Timpuriu (100.5–145.0 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Jurasic" title="Jurasic">Jurasic <span style="font-weight:normal;">(145.0–201.3 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Jurasicul_t%C3%A2rziu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurasicul târziu">Târziu (145.0–163.5 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurasicul_mijlociu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurasicul mijlociu — pagină inexistentă">Mijlociu (163.5–174.1 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jurasicul_timpuriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurasicul timpuriu">Timpuriu (174.1–201.3 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Triasic" title="Triasic">Triasic <span style="font-weight:normal;">(201.3–251.902 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Triasicul_T%C3%A2rziu" class="mw-redirect" title="Triasicul Târziu">Târziu (201.3–237 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triasicul_Mijlociu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triasicul Mijlociu — pagină inexistentă">Mijlociu (237–247.2 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triasicul_Timpuriu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triasicul Timpuriu — pagină inexistentă">Timpuriu (247.2–251.902 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Era Paleozoică¹<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">(251.902–541.0 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian <span style="font-weight:normal;">(251.902–298.9 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Lopingian" title="Lopingian">Lopingian (251.902–259.8 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guadalupian" title="Guadalupian">Guadalupian (259.8–272.3 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisuralian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisuralian — pagină inexistentă">Cisuralian (272.3–298.9 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Carbonifer" title="Carbonifer">Carbonifer <span style="font-weight:normal;">(298.9–358.9 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pennsylvanian — pagină inexistentă">Pennsylvanian (298.9–323.2 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mississippian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mississippian — pagină inexistentă">Mississippian (323.2–358.9 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian <span style="font-weight:normal;">(358.9–419.2 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devonianul_T%C3%A2rziu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devonianul Târziu — pagină inexistentă">Târziu (358.9–382.7 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devonianul_Mijlociu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devonianul Mijlociu — pagină inexistentă">Mijlociu (382.7–393.3 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devonianul_Timpuriu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devonianul Timpuriu — pagină inexistentă">Timpuriu (393.3–419.2 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian <span style="font-weight:normal;">(419.2–443.8 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pridoli_(Silurian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pridoli (Silurian) — pagină inexistentă">Pridoli (419.2–423.0 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludlow_(Silurian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludlow (Silurian) — pagină inexistentă">Ludlow (423.0–427.4 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenlock_(Silurian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenlock (Silurian) — pagină inexistentă">Wenlock (427.4–433.4 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llandovery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llandovery — pagină inexistentă">Llandovery (433.4–443.8 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician <span style="font-weight:normal;">(443.8–485.4 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordovicianul_T%C3%A2rziu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordovicianul Târziu — pagină inexistentă">Târziu (443.8–458.4 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordovicianul_Mijlociu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordovicianul Mijlociu — pagină inexistentă">Mijlociu (458.4–470.0 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordovicianul_Timpuriu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordovicianul Timpuriu — pagină inexistentă">Timpuriu (470.0–485.4 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian <span style="font-weight:normal;">(485.4–541.0 mil.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Furongian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furongian — pagină inexistentă">Furongian (485.4–497 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambrianul_Mijlociu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambrianul Mijlociu — pagină inexistentă">Mijlociu (497–509 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambrianul_Timpuriu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambrianul Timpuriu — pagină inexistentă">Timpuriu (509–521 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terreneuvian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terreneuvian — pagină inexistentă">Terreneuvian (521–541.0 mil.ani)</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Eonul Proterozoic²<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">(541.0 mil.ani–2.5 mld.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Era Neoproterozoică <span style="font-weight:normal;">(541.0 mil.ani–1 mld.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ediacaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ediacaran — pagină inexistentă">Ediacaran (541.0-~635 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criogenian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criogenian — pagină inexistentă">Criogenian (~635-~720 mil.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonian — pagină inexistentă">Tonian (~720 mil.ani-1 mld.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoic" title="Mesoproterozoic">Era Mesoproterozoică <span style="font-weight:normal;">(1–1.6 mld.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stenian — pagină inexistentă">Stenian (1-1.2 mld.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ectasian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ectasian — pagină inexistentă">Ectasian (1.2-1.4 mld.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calymmian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calymmian — pagină inexistentă">Calymmian (1.4-1.6 mld.ani)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic">Paleoproterozoic era <span style="font-weight:normal;">(1.6–2.5 mld.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statherian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statherian — pagină inexistentă">Statherian (1.6-1.8 mld.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orosirian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orosirian — pagină inexistentă">Orosirian (1.8-2.05 mld.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyacian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhyacian — pagină inexistentă">Rhyacian (2.05-2.3 mld.ani)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siderian" title="Siderian">Siderian (2.3-2.5 mld.ani)</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Arhaic" title="Arhaic">Eonul Arhaic² <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2.5–4 mld.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Ere </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoarhaic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neoarhaic — pagină inexistentă">Neoarhaic (2.5–2.8 mld.ani)</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezoarhaic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezoarhaic — pagină inexistentă">Mezoarhaic (2.8–3.2 mld.ani)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paleoarhaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoarhaic">Paleoarhaic (3.2–3.6 mld.ani)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eoarhaic" title="Eoarhaic">Eoarhaic (3.6–4 mld.ani)</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean">Eonul Hadean² <span style="font-weight:normal;">(4–4.6 mld.ani)</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">  </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">  </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2">Mil.ani = milioane de ani în urmă. Mld.ani = miliarde de ani în urmă. ¹ = <a href="/wiki/Fanerozoic" title="Fanerozoic">Eonul Fanerozoic</a>. ² = <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Supereonul Precambrian</a>.<br />Sursă: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2017-02.pdf">(2017/02)</a>. Comisia internationala de stratigrafie - 13 iulie 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3015/fs2007-3015.pdf">Diviziunile timpului geologic</a> USGS - 10 martie 2013. </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4160492-1">4160492-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85097145">sh85097145</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph138119&CON_LNG=ENG">ph138119</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Geology_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/20px-Geology_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/30px-Geology_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/40px-Geology_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td><i> Acest articol despre <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">geologie</a> este deocamdată un <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articolul_ciot_perfect" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Articolul ciot perfect">ciot</a>. 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