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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qar_k%C3%BCr%C9%99yi" title="Qar kürəyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qar kürəyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schneeschaufel" title="Schneeschaufel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schneeschaufel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumelabidas" title="Lumelabidas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lumelabidas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Snow_scoop&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Snow scoop">Snow scoop</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tool</div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schneeschaufel_snow_shovel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Schneeschaufel_snow_shovel.jpg/100px-Schneeschaufel_snow_shovel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Schneeschaufel_snow_shovel.jpg/150px-Schneeschaufel_snow_shovel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Schneeschaufel_snow_shovel.jpg/200px-Schneeschaufel_snow_shovel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Traditional snow shovel</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Avalanche_shovel" class="mw-redirect" title="Avalanche shovel">Avalanche shovel</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schneewanne01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Schneewanne01.jpg/170px-Schneewanne01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Schneewanne01.jpg/255px-Schneewanne01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Schneewanne01.jpg/340px-Schneewanne01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1806" data-file-height="2576" /></a><figcaption>Modern snow sled shovel</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>snow shovel</b> is a specialized <a href="/wiki/Shovel" title="Shovel">shovel</a> designed for <a href="/wiki/Snow_removal" title="Snow removal">snow removal</a>. Snow shovels come in several different designs, each of which is designed to move snow in a different way. Removing snow with a snow shovel has health and injury risks, but can also have significant health benefits when the snow shovel is used correctly. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snow_shovel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_little_girls_shoveling_snow_-_DPLA_-_d2a1ea61e500f0c52fb2627f53e52544.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two adolescent girls shoveling snow after a heavy snowfall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Two_little_girls_shoveling_snow_-_DPLA_-_d2a1ea61e500f0c52fb2627f53e52544.jpg/220px-Two_little_girls_shoveling_snow_-_DPLA_-_d2a1ea61e500f0c52fb2627f53e52544.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Two_little_girls_shoveling_snow_-_DPLA_-_d2a1ea61e500f0c52fb2627f53e52544.jpg/330px-Two_little_girls_shoveling_snow_-_DPLA_-_d2a1ea61e500f0c52fb2627f53e52544.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Two_little_girls_shoveling_snow_-_DPLA_-_d2a1ea61e500f0c52fb2627f53e52544.jpg/440px-Two_little_girls_shoveling_snow_-_DPLA_-_d2a1ea61e500f0c52fb2627f53e52544.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3090" data-file-height="2491" /></a><figcaption>Two adolescent girls shoveling snow after a heavy snowfall (c. 1900)</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest known snow shovel was found in a <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bog</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Estimated to be 6,000 years old, its blade was made from a carved <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a> antler section. According to archaeologists, the <a href="/wiki/Antler" title="Antler">antler</a> piece was tied to a wood or bone handle.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snow_shovel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shovelling_Snow,_USAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shovelling_Snow%2C_USAF.jpg/220px-Shovelling_Snow%2C_USAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shovelling_Snow%2C_USAF.jpg/330px-Shovelling_Snow%2C_USAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shovelling_Snow%2C_USAF.jpg/440px-Shovelling_Snow%2C_USAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Throwing snow to clear a driveway</figcaption></figure> <p>All snow shovels consist of a <a href="/wiki/Handle_(grip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Handle (grip)">handle</a> and a scoop. Sometimes there may be a shaft connecting handle and scoop, while in other snow shovels, the handle is extended and attaches directly to the scoop.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most snow shovels are designed for either pushing snow or lifting snow, although some are crossovers which can do either job. Some snow shovel scoops have sharpened blades which can chip away and lever up slabs of ice.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-What_to_look_for_when_Buying_a_Snow_Shovel_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_to_look_for_when_Buying_a_Snow_Shovel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Handles may be straight or bent.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Straight handles make the pushing angle easier to adjust and snow throwing easier compared to a bent handle.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long handles enable the user to leverage their weight for pushing snow, but shorter handles make tossing snow easier.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plastic and fiberglass handles are lightweight, while wood handles are heavy. Metal handles conduct heat away from the hands more readily than other kinds of handles, so they feel colder.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some handles include a D-shaped grip or padded grip at the end of the handle. There may also be extra grips in the middle of the handle to assist with the snow shovel's lever action when lifting snow.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Snow shovels designed for lifting snow generally have smaller scoops than snow shovels designed for throwing snow. A typical push-type shovel scoop would be about 24 inches across with a wide, blunt blade, while a lift-type shovel scoop may be half that size.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A narrower scoop makes the removal of deep, wet, or heavy snow easier.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scoops with a large curve can carry more snow, while those with a shallow curve are intended to push snow rather than carry it.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metal scoops are sturdier than plastic but heavier,<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they also require more maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-How_to_Select_and_Prepare_a_Snow_Shovel_for_Shoveling_Snow_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_to_Select_and_Prepare_a_Snow_Shovel_for_Shoveling_Snow-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steel and steel-edged scoops are heavier than aluminum or plastic, but are also more durable. Although they are very good for dealing with ice, they can also damage delicate outdoor home surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Snow shovel designs which let one push aside snow without lifting it are sometimes called <b>snow sled shovels</b>, or <i>snow scoops</i> and <i>sleigh shovels</i>. They are large and deep hopper-like implements fitted with a wide handle and designed to scoop up a load of snow and slide it to another location without lifting. </p><p>Many homeowners who deal with large amounts of snow have multiple snow shovels for different types of snow. If lifting is a concern, then they may choose separate shovels for lifting versus pushing. Otherwise, users may wish to have a shovel for fresh light snow and another one to manage icy hard snow.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An electric snow shovel is a compact and lightweight machine designed for clearing snow from walkways, driveways, and other small areas. It is a motorized alternative to manual shoveling, offering convenience and efficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safe_usage">Safe usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snow_shovel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Safe usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Child_using_a_snow_shovel_to_remove_snow_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A child in appropriate clothing, moving a shovelful of fresh snow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Child_using_a_snow_shovel_to_remove_snow_03.jpg/170px-Child_using_a_snow_shovel_to_remove_snow_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Child_using_a_snow_shovel_to_remove_snow_03.jpg/255px-Child_using_a_snow_shovel_to_remove_snow_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Child_using_a_snow_shovel_to_remove_snow_03.jpg/340px-Child_using_a_snow_shovel_to_remove_snow_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A child in appropriate clothing, moving a shovelful of fresh snow</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoveled_sidewalk_after_February_2013_nor%27easter,_Walden,_NY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A sidewalk, covered with thin snow in many areas, with deep snow on the sides gouged irregularly. A stop sign is visible in the rear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shoveled_sidewalk_after_February_2013_nor%27easter%2C_Walden%2C_NY.jpg/170px-Shoveled_sidewalk_after_February_2013_nor%27easter%2C_Walden%2C_NY.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shoveled_sidewalk_after_February_2013_nor%27easter%2C_Walden%2C_NY.jpg/255px-Shoveled_sidewalk_after_February_2013_nor%27easter%2C_Walden%2C_NY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shoveled_sidewalk_after_February_2013_nor%27easter%2C_Walden%2C_NY.jpg/340px-Shoveled_sidewalk_after_February_2013_nor%27easter%2C_Walden%2C_NY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2484" data-file-height="2867" /></a><figcaption>A sidewalk cleared with a shovel after a heavy snowstorm</figcaption></figure> <p>Shoveling snow is hard work. In a single winter, shoveling a typical driveway can involve moving more than 25 tons of snow.<sup id="cite_ref-Walberg_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walberg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Health risks associated with shoveling snow include heart attacks (<a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">myocardial infarction</a>), worsening of existing breathing issues, sprains and strains, slips and falls, back injuries, hypothermia and frostbite, and accidents involving road traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-Health_Risks_of_Shoveling_Snow_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Health_Risks_of_Shoveling_Snow-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Persons doing snow shoveling can reduce their risk of injury by shoveling snow when it is fresh and light.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slip-resistant boots protect against user falls.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appropriate clothing prevents hypothermia and frostbite. Ideal snow shoveling clothing for the rest of the body is lightweight, layered, and water-repellent to increase ventilation while maintaining insulation.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proper snow throwing technique minimizes strains and back injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recommended technique is that when lifting snow, the user bends their knees to collect the snow while maintaining a straight upright back, then straightening the legs to stand and lift.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is best to lift snow by using the shovel as a lever. Never lift snow with a side-twisting motion, as that can lead to injury.<sup id="cite_ref-How_to_use_a_Snow_Shovel_Effectively_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_to_use_a_Snow_Shovel_Effectively-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shoveling snow is a known trigger for myocardial infarction among people at risk for heart problems and who do not regularly engage in strenuous physical activity.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People who suffer from pre-existing heart or breathing problems should consult their doctor before shoveling snow.<sup id="cite_ref-Health_Risks_of_Shoveling_Snow_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Health_Risks_of_Shoveling_Snow-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Snow shoveling is overall safer for youth than adults, especially among males. When done correctly, snow shoveling can provide good exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One hour of shoveling snow can burn 600 calories.<sup id="cite_ref-Calorie_Burn_Calculator_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calorie_Burn_Calculator-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shoveling snow also builds bone and muscle mass and is a good form of aerobic exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-Winter_Sports_that_will_keep_you_in_Shape_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winter_Sports_that_will_keep_you_in_Shape-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snow_shovel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/In_Advance_of_the_Broken_Arm" title="In Advance of the Broken Arm">In Advance of the Broken Arm</a></i>, a 1915 <a href="/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Readymades of Marcel Duchamp">readymade</a> sculpture from <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, consisted of a regular snow shovel with "from Marcel Duchamp 1915" painted on the handle. The original artwork which used to hang in Duchamp's studio is now lost, but an authorized replica is in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Art_Gallery" title="Yale University Art Gallery">Yale University Art Gallery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snow_shovel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarkLefrak1995" class="citation book cs1">Mark, Lisbeth; Lefrak, Babs (1995). <i>Snow</i>. New York: Penguin Group USA. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-39952-166-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-39952-166-9"><bdi>978-0-39952-166-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Snow&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Penguin+Group+USA&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-39952-166-9&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Lisbeth&rft.au=Lefrak%2C+Babs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASnow+shovel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_Feb_2014_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConsumer_Reports2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Reports" title="Consumer Reports">Consumer Reports</a> (14 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/01/best-snow-shovels-safe-snow-removal/index.htm">"Best Snow Shovels - How to Shovel Safely"</a>. <i>consumerreports.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=consumerreports.org&rft.atitle=Best+Snow+Shovels+-+How+to+Shovel+Safely&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft.au=Consumer+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consumerreports.org%2Fcro%2Fnews%2F2014%2F01%2Fbest-snow-shovels-safe-snow-removal%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASnow+shovel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-What_to_look_for_when_Buying_a_Snow_Shovel-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-What_to_look_for_when_Buying_a_Snow_Shovel_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott2010" class="citation web cs1">Scott, Cameron (28 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingspace360.com/index.php/what-to-look-for-when-buying-a-snow-shovel-8806/">"What to look for when Buying a Snow Shovel"</a>. <i>Living Space 360</i>. Helium, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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