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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service" title="Special:EditPage/Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Multimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service%22">"Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Multimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Multimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Multimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Multimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Multimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services</b> (<b>MBMS</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Point-to-multipoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Point-to-multipoint">point-to-multipoint</a> interface specification for existing <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> <a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">cellular networks</a>, which is designed to provide efficient delivery of <a href="/wiki/Broadcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcast">broadcast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multicast" title="Multicast">multicast</a> <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a>, both within a cell as well as within the <a href="/wiki/Core_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Core network">core network</a>. For broadcast transmission across multiple cells, it defines transmission via <a href="/wiki/Single-frequency_network" title="Single-frequency network">single-frequency network</a> configurations. The specification is referred to as Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (eMBMS) when transmissions are delivered through an <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE (Long Term Evolution)</a> network. eMBMS is also known as LTE Broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-gsacom_com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsacom_com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Target applications include <a href="/wiki/Mobile_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile TV">mobile TV</a> and radio broadcasting, live streaming video services, as well as file delivery and emergency alerts. </p><p>Questions remain whether the technology is an optimization tool for the operator or if an operator can generate new revenues with it. Several studies have been published on the domain identifying both cost savings and new revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployments">Deployments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Deployments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Verizon" title="Verizon">Verizon</a> announced that it would launch eMBMS services in 2014, over its nationwide (United States) <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> networks. <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> subsequently announced plans to use the 700 MHz Lower D and E Block licenses it acquired in 2011 from <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a> for an LTE Broadcast service.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several major operators worldwide have been lining-up to deploy and test the technology. The frontrunners being Verizon in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/KT_Corporation" title="KT Corporation">Kt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jio" title="Jio">Reliance</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, and recently <a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2014, Korea’s Kt launched the first commercial LTE Broadcast service.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The solution includes Kt’s internally developed eMBMS Bearer Service, and <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> mobile devices fitted with the ENENSYS Expway Middleware as the eMBMS User Service. </p><p>In February 2014, Verizon demonstrated the potential of LTE Broadcast during <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVIII" title="Super Bowl XLVIII">Super Bowl XLVIII</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_Note_3" title="Samsung Galaxy Note 3">Samsung Galaxy Note 3s</a>, fitted with ENENSYS Expway's eMBMS User Service.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2014, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> demonstrated the use of LTE Broadcast to replace Traditional Digital TV.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This use case remains controversial as some study are doubting about the capability of LTE Broadcast to address this use case efficiently in its current version.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in July 2014, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Research_%26_Development" title="BBC Research & Development">BBC Research & Development</a> and <a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a> demonstrated LTE Broadcast during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games" title="2014 Commonwealth Games">XX Commonwealth Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Scotland using equipment from Huawei and Qualcomm.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2014, Ericsson and Polkomtel successfully tested LTE Broadcast technology by streaming the opening game of the 2014 World Volleyball Championship to hundreds of guests at Warsaw’s National Stadium in Poland on August 30.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2015, BBC Research & Development and <a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a> demonstrated LTE Broadcast during the <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup" title="FA Cup">FA Cup</a> final in the <a href="/wiki/U.K." class="mw-redirect" title="U.K.">U.K.</a> <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2015, <a href="/wiki/Verizon" title="Verizon">Verizon</a> demonstrated eMBMS by broadcasting <a href="/wiki/INDYCAR" class="mw-redirect" title="INDYCAR">INDYCAR</a> races.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2015, Verizon commercially launched their <a href="/wiki/Go90" title="Go90">Go90</a> eMBMS service. Go90 offers both On-Demand and LiveTV, in both Unicast and Broadcast, and supports more than 10 different LTE Broadcast mobile devices. <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verizon ceased operating the go90 service on July 31, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2016, <a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a> demonstrated with ENENSYS Expway, delivery of video streams across LTE networks with live on the fly switching from unicast to broadcast, at <a href="/wiki/Mobile_World_Congress" title="Mobile World Congress">Mobile World Congress</a> 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2016, Verizon, <a href="/wiki/Telstra" title="Telstra">Telstra</a>, KT and <a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a> launched the LTE Broadcast Alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of January 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Global_Mobile_Suppliers_Association" title="Global Mobile Suppliers Association">Global Mobile Suppliers Association</a> had identified 41 operators that have invested in eMBMS (including those considering/testing/trialling, deploying or piloting and those that have deployed or launched eMBMS). Five operators state they have now deployed eMBMS or launched some sort of commercial service using eMBMS.<sup id="cite_ref-gsacom_com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsacom_com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The range of chipsets available that can support eMBMS has been steadily growing, with three mobile processors/platforms released since March 2018. <a href="/wiki/Global_Mobile_Suppliers_Association" title="Global Mobile Suppliers Association">GSA</a> has identified 69 chipsets supporting eMBMS, and there are at least 59 devices that support eMBMS (in some instances after operator-specific upgrades).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competing_technologies">Competing technologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Competing technologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Main competing technologies of MBMS include <a href="/wiki/DVB-H" title="DVB-H">DVB-H</a>/<a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVB-SH" title="DVB-SH">DVB-SH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Multimedia_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Multimedia Broadcasting">DMB</a>, ESM-<a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MediaFLO" title="MediaFLO">MediaFLO</a>. However, due to spectrum scarcity and the cost of building new broadcast infrastructure some of these technologies may not be viable. MediaFLO has been deployed commercially in the US by Verizon Wireless through their relationship with MediaFLO USA, Inc. (a subsidiary of Qualcomm) however the service was shut down in early 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DMB and DVB-H trials have been ongoing for more than a year now, like those during the football 2006 championships in Germany. </p><p>Huawei's proprietary CMB is a precursor to the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service. It was specified in <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> R6 and is using existing <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> infrastructure. Huawei says that CMB is based on existing UMTS infrastructure and real time streaming application protocol. </p><p>The most significant competition is from services that stream individual video feeds to users over uni-cast data connections. While less efficient in certain situations, particularly the traditional case where everyone watches the same stream simultaneously, the user convenience of individual streaming has taken over the vast majority of the mobile media streaming market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_description">Technical description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Technical description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MBMS feature is split into the MBMS Bearer Service and the MBMS User Service and has been defined to be offered over both <a href="/wiki/UTRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="UTRAN">UTRAN</a> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/WCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="WCDMA">WCDMA</a>, TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA) and <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> (where it is often referred to as eMBMS). The MBMS Bearer Service includes a Unicast and a Broadcast Mode. MBMS Operation On-Demand (MOOD) allows dynamic switching between Unicast and Broadcast over LTE, based on configured triggers. The MBMS Bearer Service uses IP multicast addresses for the IP flows. The advantage of the MBMS Bearer Service compared to unicast bearer services (interactive, streaming, etc.) is that the transmission resources in the <a href="/wiki/Core_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Core network">core</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_access_network" title="Radio access network">radio</a> networks are shared.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One MBMS packet flow is replicated by <a href="/wiki/GGSN" class="mw-redirect" title="GGSN">GGSN</a>, SGSN and RNCs. MBMS may use an advanced counting scheme to decide, whether or not zero, one or more dedicated (i.e. unicast) radio channels lead to a more efficient system usage than one common (i.e. broadcast) radio channel. </p> <ul><li>UTRAN MBMS offers up to 256 kbit/s per MBMS Bearer Service and between 800 kbit/s and 1.7 Mbit/s per cell/band. The actual cell capacity depends on the <a href="/wiki/User_equipment" title="User equipment">UE</a> capabilities.</li> <li>GERAN MBMS offers between 32 kbit/s and 128 kbit/s. Up to 4 GSM timeslots may be used for one MBMS bearer in the downlink direction. The actual data rate per Traffic Slot depends on network dimensioning.</li></ul> <p>The MBMS User Service is basically the MBMS Service Layer and offers two different data Delivery Methods: </p> <ul><li>The <b>Streaming Delivery Method</b> can be used for continuous transmissions like mobile television services. An application layer <a href="/wiki/Forward_error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward error correction">FEC</a> code may be used to increase the transmission reliability.</li> <li>The <b>Download Delivery Method</b> is intended for “download and play” services. A <b>File Repair</b> service may be offered to compensate for unreliable delivery.</li></ul> <p>MBMS has been standardized in various groups of <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> (Third Generation Partnership Project), and the first phase standards are found in <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> release 6. As Release 6 was functionally frozen by the 3rd quarter of 2004, practical network implementations may be expected by the end of 2007, and the first functional mobile terminals supporting MBMS are estimated to be available by also end of 2007. </p><p>eMBMS has been standardized in various groups of 3GPP as part of LTE release 9. The <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> version of MBMS, referred to as <a href="/wiki/Multicast-broadcast_single-frequency_network" title="Multicast-broadcast single-frequency network">Multicast-broadcast single-frequency network</a> (MBSFN), supports broadcast only services and is based on a Single Frequency Network (SFN) based <a href="/wiki/OFDM" class="mw-redirect" title="OFDM">OFDM</a> waveform and so is functional similar to other broadcast solutions such as DVB-H, -SH and -NGH. In Release 14, the <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> enhanced the specifications for eMBMS with a view to making the technology more attractive for deployment by operators and broadcasters. The 3GPP’s work on the next generation of technology in Release 16 includes a study on LTE-based broadcast on <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> networks,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MBMS APIs for mission-critical services and MBMS user services for IoT.<sup id="cite_ref-gsacom_com_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsacom_com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="3GPP_technical_specifications">3GPP technical specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 3GPP technical specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MBMS Bearer Service (Distribution Layer): </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/22146.htm">3GPP TS 22.146</a> Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Stage 1</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/23246.htm">3GPP TS 23.246</a> Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Architecture and functional description</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25346.htm">3GPP TS 25.346</a> Introduction of the Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) in the Radio Access Network (RAN); Stage 2</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25992.htm">3GPP TS 25.992</a> Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS); UTRAN/GERAN Requirements</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36300.htm">3GPP TS 36.300</a> Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (see chapter 15 for eMBMS)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36440.htm">3GPP TS 36.440</a> General aspects and principles for interfaces supporting Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) within E-UTRAN</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/43246.htm">3GPP TS 43.246</a> Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) in the GERAN; Stage 2</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25803.htm">3GPP TR 25.803</a> S-CCPCH performance for Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)</li></ul> <p>MBMS User Service (Service Layer): </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/22246.htm">3GPP TS 22.246</a> Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) user services; Stage 1</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/26346.htm">3GPP TS 26.346</a> Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Protocols and codecs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/26946.htm">3GPP TR 26.946</a> Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) user service guidelines</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/33246.htm">3GPP TS 33.246</a> 3G Security; Security of Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/32273.htm">3GPP TS 32.273</a> Telecommunication management; Charging management; Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) charging</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Mobile television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDtv" title="TDtv">TDtv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_and_Multicast_Service" title="Broadcast and Multicast Service">Broadcast and Multicast Service</a> (BCMCS), a <a href="/wiki/Point-to-multipoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Point-to-multipoint">point-to-multipoint</a> service defined for <a href="/wiki/3GPP2" class="mw-redirect" title="3GPP2">3GPP2</a> systems</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gsacom_com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gsacom_com_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gsacom_com_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gsacom_com_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">GSA: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsacom.com/paper/embms-lte-broadcast-market-update-3/">LTE Broadcast (eMBMS) Market Update – January 2019</a> (retrieved 7 January 2019)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003340/http://www.expway.com/wp-content/uploads/White-Paper-14-LTE-Broadcast-Use-Cases-final.pdf">"An Analysis of 14 Different LTE Broadcast Business Cases"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expway.com/wp-content/uploads/White-Paper-14-LTE-Broadcast-Use-Cases-final.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Analysis+of+14+Different+LTE+Broadcast+Business+Cases&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expway.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FWhite-Paper-14-LTE-Broadcast-Use-Cases-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2414062,00.asp">Verizon Eyes Broadcast Over LTE for Super Bowl 2014</a> By Chloe Albanesius, PC Magazine, January 8, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/att-use-lower-700-mhz-d-and-e-block-spectrum-lte-broadcast/2013-09-24#ixzz2p5gWKi16">AT&T to use Lower 700 MHz D and E Block spectrum for LTE Broadcast</a> By Phil Goldstein, FierceWireless, September 24, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verizonwireless.com/news/article/2014/05/verizon-wireless-lte-multicast.html">Verizon Delivers LTE Multicast Over Commercial 4G LTE Network in Indy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tele.net.in/view-point/item/15556-rjil-to-invest-in-lte-broadcast-technology-says-market-status-report-by-gsa">RJIL to invest in LTE broadcast technology</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?ID=490119">"EE demos LTE Broadcast but commercial success will depend on partnerships"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EE+demos+LTE+Broadcast+but+commercial+success+will+depend+on+partnerships&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.totaltele.com%2Fview.aspx%3FID%3D490119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebroadcastbridge.com/content/entry/3206/europe-charges-ahead-with-lte-broadcast-trials">"Europe Charges Ahead with LTE Broadcast trials - the Broadcast Bridge - Connecting IT to Broadcast"</a>. 3 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Europe+Charges+Ahead+with+LTE+Broadcast+trials+-+the+Broadcast+Bridge+-+Connecting+IT+to+Broadcast&rft.date=2015-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebroadcastbridge.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2F3206%2Feurope-charges-ahead-with-lte-broadcast-trials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://telecoms.com/217182/koreas-kt-launches-lte-broadcast-service/">"Korea's KT launches LTE broadcast service"</a>. 27 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Korea%27s+KT+launches+LTE+broadcast+service&rft.date=2014-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftelecoms.com%2F217182%2Fkoreas-kt-launches-lte-broadcast-service%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/verizon-uses-super-bowl-to-show-off-lte-broadcast-video/">"Verizon uses Super Bowl to show off LTE broadcast video"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verizon+uses+Super+Bowl+to+show+off+LTE+broadcast+video&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fverizon-uses-super-bowl-to-show-off-lte-broadcast-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsn.com/news-events/press-room/press-releases/nokia-networks-first-to-trial-lte-for-national-tv-broadcasting">Nokia Networks first to trial LTE for national TV broadcasting</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/techreports/tr027.pdf">Delivery of Broadcast Content over LTE</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/blog/2014-07-bbc-research-development-to-demonstrate-4g-broadcast-for-commonwealth-games">BBC Research & Development to Demonstrate 4G Broadcast for Commonwealth Games</a> by Andrew Murphy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.techworld.com/news/networking/bbc-huawei-ee-unveil-4g-broadcasting-trial-at-commonwealth-games-3531478/">BBC, Huawei and EE unveil 4G broadcasting trial at Commonwealth Games</a> by Antony Savvas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericsson.com/news/1852728">"Ericsson and Polkomtel test LTE Broadcast in Poland"</a>. September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ericsson+and+Polkomtel+test+LTE+Broadcast+in+Poland&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericsson.com%2Fnews%2F1852728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/blog/2015-05-4g-broadcast-trial-wembley-2015-fa-cup-final">4G Broadcast technology trial at Wembley 2015 FA Cup Final</a> by Chris Nokes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitaltveurope.net/375521/ee-and-bbc-trial-4g-broadcast-at-fa-cup-final/">EE and BBC trial 4G broadcast at FA Cup Final</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.strategyanalytics.com/strategy-analytics/blogs/components/rf-wireless/rf-and-wireless/2015/09/01/lte-broadcast-launches-in-the-us#.VwVminUrKAo">"LTE Broadcast Launches in the US"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LTE+Broadcast+Launches+in+the+US&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategyanalytics.com%2Fstrategy-analytics%2Fblogs%2Fcomponents%2Frf-wireless%2Frf-and-wireless%2F2015%2F09%2F01%2Flte-broadcast-launches-in-the-us%23.VwVminUrKAo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/10/01/verizon-launches-go90-mobile-video-service/73138654/">"Verizon launches go90 mobile video service"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Verizon+launches+go90+mobile+video+service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Ftech%2F2015%2F10%2F01%2Fverizon-launches-go90-mobile-video-service%2F73138654%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2015/10/01/verizons-mobile-video-service-go90-launches-to-public/">"Verizon's Mobile Video Service Go90 Launches to Public"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verizon%27s+Mobile+Video+Service+Go90+Launches+to+Public&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2015%2F10%2F01%2Fverizons-mobile-video-service-go90-launches-to-public%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/verizon-launches-free-mobile-tv-service-go90/">"Verizon's Go90 to deliver free mobile TV service"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verizon%27s+Go90+to+deliver+free+mobile+TV+service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fverizon-launches-free-mobile-tv-service-go90%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/go90-shutting-down-verizon-1202860864/">"Verizon is Shutting Down Go90, Its Ill-Fated Mobile Video Service"</a>. 28 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verizon+is+Shutting+Down+Go90%2C+Its+Ill-Fated+Mobile+Video+Service&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2018%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Fgo90-shutting-down-verizon-1202860864%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/news/press/2016-press/akamai-showcases-mobile-innovation-at-mobile-world-congress-2016.jsp">"Akamai Showcases Mobile Innovation at Mobile World Congress 2016 | Akamai"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akamai+Showcases+Mobile+Innovation+at+Mobile+World+Congress+2016+%26%23124%3B+Akamai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akamai.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fpress%2F2016-press%2Fakamai-showcases-mobile-innovation-at-mobile-world-congress-2016.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlleven2016" class="citation web cs1">Alleven, Monica (April 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiercewireless.com/tech/story/verizon-telstra-kt-and-ee-launch-lte-broadcast-alliance/2016-04-27">"Verizon, Telstra, kt and EE launch LTE-Broadcast Alliance | FierceWireless"</a>. <i>www.fiercewireless.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180828085736/https://www.fiercewireless.com/tech/verizon-telstra-kt-and-ee-launch-lte-broadcast-alliance">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fiercewireless.com&rft.atitle=Verizon%2C+Telstra%2C+kt+and+EE+launch+LTE-Broadcast+Alliance+%7C+FierceWireless&rft.date=2016-04-27&rft.aulast=Alleven&rft.aufirst=Monica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiercewireless.com%2Ftech%2Fstory%2Fverizon-telstra-kt-and-ee-launch-lte-broadcast-alliance%2F2016-04-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultimedia+Broadcast+Multicast+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GSA: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsacom.com/paper/lte-broadcast-embms-snapshot-july-2019/">LTE Broadcast – eMBMS – Snapshot</a> July 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/MediaFLO" title="MediaFLO">MediaFLO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/publications/ericsson_review/2013/er-lte-broadcast.pdf">Delivering content with LTE broadcast</a> By Thorsten Lohmar, Michael Slssingar, Vera Kenehan and Stif Puustinen, Ericsson Review, February 11, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.free2air.info/5g-broadcast">Technical explanation about LTE-based 5G Terrestrial Broadcast</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cellular_network_standards" title="Template:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cellular_network_standards" title="Template talk:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cellular_network_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cellular_network_standards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a> standards</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">List of mobile phone generations</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">radio telephones</a> (1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Mobile Telephone Service">MTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Improved Mobile Telephone Service">IMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_(mobile_telephone_system)" title="Altai (mobile telephone system)">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLT_(mobile_network)" title="OLT (mobile network)">OLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTD_(mobile_network)" title="MTD (mobile network)">MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_TeleSeratout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile TeleSeratout (page does not exist)">Mobile TeleSeratout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Telephone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Telephone System">AMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autotel" title="Autotel">Autotel (PALM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoradiopuhelin" title="Autoradiopuhelin">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-Netz" title="B-Netz">B-Netz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMR_radiotelephone_network_(Czechoslovakia)" title="AMR radiotelephone network (Czechoslovakia)">AMR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> (1979)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS - N-AMPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Access_Communication_System" title="Total Access Communication System">TACS - ETACS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone" title="Nordic Mobile Telephone">NMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Netz" title="C-Netz">C-450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicap" title="Hicap">Hicap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobitex" title="Mobitex">Mobitex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataTAC" title="DataTAC">DataTAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT1" title="CT1">CT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> (1991)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/<a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">CSD - HSCSD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project_2" title="3rd Generation Partnership Project 2">3GPP2</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne (IS-95)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_digital_packet_data" title="Cellular digital packet data">CDPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEN" title="IDEN">iDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular" title="Personal Digital Cellular">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">PHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT2" title="CT2">CT2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2G#Evolution" title="2G">2G transitional<br />(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service">GPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X_Advanced" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X Advanced</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiDEN" class="mw-redirect" title="WiDEN">WiDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_enhanced_cordless_telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications">DECT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> (1998)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT-2000" title="IMT-2000">IMT-2000</a> (2001)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="W-CDMA">UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Mobile_Multimedia_Access" title="Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access">FOMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-SCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-SCDMA">UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-CDMA">UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0</a> (TIA/IS-856)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3G#Evolution" title="3G">3G transitional<br />(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Downlink Packet Access">HSDPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Uplink Packet Access">HSUPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="Evolved High Speed Packet Access">HSPA+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC-HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="DC-HSDPA">DC-HSDPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CDMA2000 <a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">1xEV-DO Revision A</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision B</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">Mobile WiMAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing#FLASH-OFDM" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">Flash-OFDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">iBurst (IEEE 802.20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HiperMAN" title="HiperMAN">HiperMAN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (2009)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">IMT Advanced</a> (2013)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">LTE Advanced</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">LTE Advanced Pro</a> (4.5G/4.9G)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">IEEE family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> (<a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16m</a>) <ul><li>WiMax 2.1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (2018)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT-2020" title="IMT-2020">IMT-2020</a> (2021)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="5G-Advanced">5G-Advanced</a> (5.5G)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NR-IIoT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NR-IIoT (page does not exist)">NR-IIoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE-M" title="LTE-M">LTE-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrowband_IoT" title="Narrowband IoT">NB-IoT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DECT-5G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DECT-5G (page does not exist)">DECT-5G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Comparison of standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_access_method" title="Channel access method">Channel access methods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Frequency-division multiple access">FDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access">OFDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiple_access" title="Time-division multiple access">TDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-organized_time-division_multiple_access" title="Self-organized time-division multiple access">STDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_spectrum" title="Spread spectrum">SSMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">SDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_efficiency#Comparison_table" title="Spectral efficiency">Spectral efficiency comparison table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequency bands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_frequency_bands" title="GSM frequency bands">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMTS_frequency_bands" title="UMTS frequency bands">UMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_frequency_bands" title="LTE frequency bands">LTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR_frequency_bands" title="5G NR frequency bands">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA_frequency_bands" title="CDMA frequency bands">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Mobile_Networks" title="Next Generation Mobile Networks">NGMN Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-to-talk" title="Push-to-talk">Push-to-talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem" title="IP Multimedia Subsystem">IMS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_LTE" title="Voice over LTE">VoLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_over_LTE" title="Video over LTE">ViLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_NR" title="Voice over NR">VoNR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_over_NR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Video over NR (page does not exist)">ViNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_Access_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic Access Network">Wi-Fi Calling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmocom" title="Osmocom">Osmocom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/28px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/42px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/56px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a>   <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/28px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/42px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/56px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wireless_video_and_data_distribution_methods" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wireless_video" title="Template:Wireless video"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wireless_video" title="Template talk:Wireless video"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wireless_video" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wireless video"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wireless_video_and_data_distribution_methods" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wireless video and data distribution methods</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">Digital radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">Internet radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">Radio broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">Satellite radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_television" title="Amateur television">Amateur television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">Internet television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Mobile television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Terrestrial television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Digital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">Satellite television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_sensor_network" title="Visual sensor network">Visual sensor network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Internet_access" title="Satellite Internet access">Satellite Internet access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_broadband" title="Wireless broadband">Wireless broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_local_loop" title="Wireless local loop">Wireless local loop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> family <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_Term_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Term Evolution">Long Term Evolution</a> (LTE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G New Radio</a> (5G NR)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service</a> (MBMS)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">Digital Video Broadcasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">Terrestrial</a> (DVB-T)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-H" title="DVB-H">Handheld</a> (DVB-H)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S2" title="DVB-S2">Satellite</a> (DVB-S2)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802" title="IEEE 802">IEEE 802</a> family <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_WiMAX" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile WiMAX">Mobile WiMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">Mobile broadband wireless access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15.3" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.15.3">IEEE 802.15.3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ultra-wideband" title="Ultra-wideband">UWB</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.22" title="IEEE 802.22">WRAN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Wireless_Services" title="Advanced Wireless Services">Advanced Wireless Services</a> (AWS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Broadband_Service" title="Educational Broadband Service">Educational Broadband Service</a> (EBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeRF" title="HomeRF">HomeRF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MVDDS" title="MVDDS">Multichannel Video and Data Distribution Service</a> (MVDDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multipoint_Video_Distribution_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipoint Video Distribution System">Multipoint Video Distribution System</a> (MVDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_USB" title="Wireless USB">Wireless USB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_multipoint_distribution_service" title="Local multipoint distribution service">Local multipoint distribution service</a> 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