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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ancient concepts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ancient_concepts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ancient concepts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ancient_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nusantara_concept_in_the_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nusantara_concept_in_the_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nusantara 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</li> <li id="toc-Outside_Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Outside Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_Nusantara_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_Nusantara_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Foreign Nusantara studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_Nusantara_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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(term)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%AD)" title="نسنطرة (مصطلح) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نسنطرة (مصطلح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C)" title="নুসান্তর (দ্বীপপুঞ্জ) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নুসান্তর (দ্বীপপুঞ্জ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara_(archipel)" title="Nusantara (archipel) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nusantara (archipel)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%88%84%EC%82%B0%ED%83%80%EB%9D%BC_(%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4)" title="누산타라 (용어) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="누산타라 (용어)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="नुसान्तर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नुसान्तर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapulauan_Nusantara" title="Kapulauan Nusantara – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kapulauan Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%A9" title="ヌサンタラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヌサンタラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara_(termin)" title="Nusantara (termin) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nusantara (termin)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3)" title="Нусантара (архипелаг) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нусантара (архипелаг)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="नुसान्तर – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नुसान्तर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nusantara" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="นูซันตารา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นูซันตารา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%94%E6%8B%89_(%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6)" title="努山達拉 (群島) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(archipelago)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara (archipelago)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sociopolitical term for Maritime Southeast Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the future capital city of Indonesia, see <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(city)" title="Nusantara (city)">Nusantara (city)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesian_Archipelago_and_Students.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Indonesian_Archipelago_and_Students.JPG/300px-Indonesian_Archipelago_and_Students.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Indonesian_Archipelago_and_Students.JPG/450px-Indonesian_Archipelago_and_Students.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Indonesian_Archipelago_and_Students.JPG/600px-Indonesian_Archipelago_and_Students.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>A gilded map in the Hall of Independence, <a href="/wiki/National_Monument_(Indonesia)" title="National Monument (Indonesia)">Indonesian National Monument</a>, Jakarta. Also included are <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a> (states and a federal territory of Malaysia), <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> (sovereign countries).</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Nusantara</b></i> is the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> name of <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a> (or parts of it). It is an <a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a> term that literally means "outer islands".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, it is generally taken to mean the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Archipelago">Indonesian Archipelago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of Indonesia, the term has been adopted to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word Nusantara is taken from an oath by <a href="/wiki/Gajah_Mada" title="Gajah Mada">Gajah Mada</a> in 1336, as written in the Old Javanese <i><a href="/wiki/Pararaton" title="Pararaton">Pararaton</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gajah Mada was a powerful military leader and <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> credited with bringing the empire to its peak of glory. Gajah Mada delivered an oath called <i><a href="/wiki/Palapa_oath" title="Palapa oath">Sumpah Palapa</a></i>, in which he vowed not to eat any food containing <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a> until he had conquered all of Nusantara under the glory of Majapahit. </p><p>The concept of Nusantara as a unified region was not invented by Gajah Mada in 1336. The term Nusantara was first used by <a href="/wiki/Kertanegara_of_Singhasari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kertanegara of Singhasari">Kertanegara of Singhasari</a> in Mula Malurung inscription dated 1255. Furthermore, in 1275, the term <i>Cakravala <a href="/wiki/Mandala_(political_model)" title="Mandala (political model)">Mandala</a> Dvipantara</i> was used by him to describe the aspiration of united Southeast Asian archipelago under <a href="/wiki/Kertanegara_of_Singhasari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kertanegara of Singhasari">Singhasari</a> and marked the beginning of his <a href="/wiki/Pamalayu" title="Pamalayu">efforts</a> to achieve it. Dvipantara is a Sanskrit word for the "islands in between", making it a synonym to Nusantara as both <i>dvipa</i> and <i>nusa</i> mean "island".<sup id="cite_ref-Historia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Santiko_2020_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Santiko_2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kertanegara envisioned the union of Southeast Asian maritime kingdoms and polities under Singhasari as a bulwark against the rise of the expansionist <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> of China.<sup id="cite_ref-Utomo_2009_pp._1–14_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Utomo_2009_pp._1–14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a wider sense, Nusantara in modern language usage includes <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian</a>-related cultural and linguistic lands, namely, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Thailand" title="Southern Thailand">Southern Thailand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, while excluding <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Evers_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2024)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BH_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Nusantara</i> derives from a combined two words of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian language">Austronesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> origin, the word <i>nūsa</i> (<i>see also <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nusa" class="extiw" title="wikt:nusa">nusa</a></i>) meaning "island" in <a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a>, is ultimately derived from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Malayo-Polynesian_language" title="Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language">Proto-Malayo-Polynesian</a> word <i>*nusa</i> with the same meaning,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the word <i>antara</i> is a Javanese loanword borrowed from Sanskrit अन्तरा (<i>antarā</i>) meaning "between" or "in the middle",<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus creating a <a href="/wiki/Compound_(linguistics)" title="Compound (linguistics)">compound</a> word of <i>nūsa</i> (“island”) + <i>antara</i> (“interval, interspace; other, another, different”) and together it means " the outer islands" as mentioned in the 14th century Old Javanese manuscript Pararaton and Nagarakretagama.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_concepts">Ancient concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Majapahit_Core_and_Provinces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Majapahit_Core_and_Provinces.svg/300px-Majapahit_Core_and_Provinces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Majapahit_Core_and_Provinces.svg/450px-Majapahit_Core_and_Provinces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Majapahit_Core_and_Provinces.svg/600px-Majapahit_Core_and_Provinces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption>Majapahit <i>Negara Agung</i> (grand state) and <i>Mancanagara</i> (provinces) in eastern and central parts of Java, including the islands of Madura and Bali.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Majapahit_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Majapahit_Empire.svg/300px-Majapahit_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Majapahit_Empire.svg/450px-Majapahit_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Majapahit_Empire.svg/600px-Majapahit_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption>The extent of Majapahit <i>Nusantara</i> according to Nagarakretagama.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_Majapahit" title="Territories of Majapahit">Territories of Majapahit</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Nusantara</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a> word which appears in the <i><a href="/wiki/Pararaton" title="Pararaton">Pararaton</a></i> manuscript. In Javanese, <i>Nusantara</i> is derived from <i> nūsa</i> 'island' and <i>antara</i>, 'between'. It means "outer islands" or "other islands" (in the sense of "islands beyond Java in between the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Oceans</a>"), referring to the islands outside of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Majapahit_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Majapahit Empire">Majapahit Empire</a>. The term is commonly erroneously translated as "<a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a>" in modern times.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaynor_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaynor-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the Majapahit concept of state, the monarch had power over three areas: </p> <ol><li><i><b>Negara Agung</b></i>, or the Grand State — the core realm of the kingdom where <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> formed before becoming an empire. This included the capital city and the surrounding areas where the king effectively exercised his government: the area in and around royal capital of <a href="/wiki/Trowulan" title="Trowulan">Trowulan</a>, port of Canggu and sections of <a href="/wiki/Brantas_River" title="Brantas River">Brantas River</a> valley near the capital, as well as the mountainous areas south and southeast of the capital, all the way to the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Penanggungan" title="Mount Penanggungan">Pananggungan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arjuno-Welirang" title="Arjuno-Welirang">Arjuno-Welirang</a> peaks. The Brantas river valley corridor, connecting the Majapahit Trowulan area to Canggu and the estuarine areas in Kahuripan (Sidoarjo) and <a href="/wiki/Janggala" title="Janggala">Hujung Galuh</a> (Surabaya), is also considered to be part of <i>Negara Agung</i>.</li> <li><i><b>Mancanegara</b></i>, the areas surrounding <i>Negara Agung</i> — this traditionally referred to the Majapahit provinces of East and Central Java ruled by the <i>Bhres</i> (dukes), the king's close relatives. This included the rest of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Madura" title="Madura">Madura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>. These areas were directly influenced by Majapahit court culture and obliged to pay annual tributes; their rulers might have been directly related to, allied with, and/or intermarried with the Majapahit royal family. Majapahit officials and officers were stationed in these places to regulate their foreign trade activities and collect taxes, but beyond this <i>mancanegara</i> provinces enjoyed substantial autonomy in internal affairs. In later periods, overseas provinces which had adopted Javanese culture or possessed significant trading importance were also considered <i>mancanegara</i>. The ruler of these provinces was either a willing vassal of the Majapahit king or a regent appointed by the king to rule the region. These realms included <a href="/wiki/Melayu_Kingdom" title="Melayu Kingdom">Dharmasraya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagaruyung Kingdom">Pagaruyung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>.</li> <li><i><b>Nusantara</b></i>, areas which did not reflect Javanese culture, but were included as colonies which had to pay annual tribute. This included the vassal kingdoms and colonies in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Landak claimed to be founded by Javanese, similarly Negara Dipa, whose dynasty claimed patrilineal descent of Majapahit, ie Rajasa (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Luwu claimed marriage with Majapahit royal family, ''na iya manurung nge ri majampai'' (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago" title="Sulu Archipelago">Sulu Archipelago</a>. These regions enjoyed substantial autonomy and internal freedom, and Majapahit officials and military officers were not necessarily stationed there; however, any challenges to Majapahit oversight might have drawn a severe response.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ol> <p>The word Nusantara was not only used by the Javanese and did not disappear after the fall of Majapahit. This word can be found in <a href="/wiki/Malay_Annals" title="Malay Annals">Malay Annals</a>, a classic Malay literature written as early as 1612, but it remained known even in the 1808 manuscript:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p><i>Terlalu sekali besar kerajaan Baginda (Majapahit) pada zaman itu, segala seluruh Jawa semuanya dalam hukum Baginda, dan segala raja-raja Nusantarapun setengah sudah ta-luk kepada baginda</i>.<br />Very big was the kingdom of <i>Baginda</i> (the king of Majapahit) at that time, all of Java was under <i>Baginda</i>'s law, and half of the kings of the Nusantara archipelago were submissive to <i>Baginda</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nusantara_concept_in_the_20th_century">Nusantara concept in the 20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nusantara concept in the 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesian_archipelagic_baselines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Indonesian_archipelagic_baselines.jpg/300px-Indonesian_archipelagic_baselines.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Indonesian_archipelagic_baselines.jpg/450px-Indonesian_archipelagic_baselines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Indonesian_archipelagic_baselines.jpg/600px-Indonesian_archipelagic_baselines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12800" data-file-height="9600" /></a><figcaption>Modern Wawasan Nusantara, the Indonesian archipelagic baselines pursuant to article 47, paragraph 9, of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a> (UNCLOS)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1920, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Douwes_Dekker" title="Ernest Douwes Dekker">Ernest Francois Eugene Douwes Dekker</a> (1879–1950), also known as Setiabudi, proposed <i>Nusantara</i> as a name for the independent country of Indonesia which did not contain any words etymologically related to the <a href="/wiki/Names_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of India">name of India</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Indies">Indies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the first instance of the term <i>Nusantara</i> appearing after it had been written into <a href="/wiki/Pararaton" title="Pararaton">Pararaton</a> manuscript. </p><p>The definition of Nusantara introduced by Setiabudi is different from the 14th-century definition of the term. During the <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> era, Nusantara described vassal areas that had been conquered. Setiabudi defined Nusantara as all the Indonesian regions from <a href="/wiki/Sabang,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabang, Indonesia">Sabang</a> to <a href="/wiki/Merauke" title="Merauke">Merauke</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_usage">Modern usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nowadays, in <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, Nusantara is synonymous with either the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Archipelago">Indonesian Archipelago</a> or the national territory of Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this sense, the term Nusantara excludes Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, East Timor, and the Philippines. In 1967, it transformed into the concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Wawasan_Nusantara" title="Wawasan Nusantara">Wawasan Nusantara</a></i>, or "archipelagic outlook," which regards the archipelagic realm of Indonesia (the islands and seas within/surrounding the country) as a single unity of several aspects, mainly socio-cultural, linguistic, political, economic, security-driven and defensive unity.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(city)" title="Nusantara (city)">Nusantara</a> is also the name of the future <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Indonesia" title="Capital of Indonesia">capital of Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_Indonesia">Outside Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Outside Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, the term is generally used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Malay_realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay realm">Malay realm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Alam Melayu</i>) which includes those countries. </p><p>In a more scholarly manner without national borders, Nusantara in a modern language usage "refers to the sphere of influence of the Austronesian-related cultural and linguistic islands that comprise <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, the southernmost part of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> and perhaps even <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, but it does not involve the areas of <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Evers_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2024)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_Nusantara_studies">Foreign Nusantara studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Foreign Nusantara studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_Society" title="Nusantara Society">Nusantara Society</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> conducts studies on the Nusantara region's history, culture, languages and politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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<li><a href="/wiki/Wawasan_Nusantara" title="Wawasan Nusantara">Wawasan Nusantara</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFriend2003" class="citation book cs1">Friend, T. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indonesiandestin00theo/page/601"><i>Indonesian Destinies</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indonesiandestin00theo/page/601">601</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01137-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01137-6"><bdi>0-674-01137-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesian+Destinies&rft.pages=601&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-674-01137-6&rft.aulast=Friend&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findonesiandestin00theo%2Fpage%2F601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANusantara+%28term%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEcholsShadily1989" class="citation cs2">Echols, John M.; Shadily, Hassan (1989), <i>Kamus Indonesia Inggris (An Indonesian-English Dictionary)</i> (1st ed.), Jakarta: Gramedia, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-403-756-7" title="Special:BookSources/979-403-756-7"><bdi>979-403-756-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kamus+Indonesia+Inggris+%28An+Indonesian-English+Dictionary%29&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Gramedia&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=979-403-756-7&rft.aulast=Echols&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft.au=Shadily%2C+Hassan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANusantara+%28term%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/Nusantara">"Hasil Pencarian - KBBI Daring"</a>. <i>kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id&rft.atitle=Hasil+Pencarian+-+KBBI+Daring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2FNusantara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANusantara+%28term%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720135947/https://ms.oxforddictionaries.com/translate/malay-english/nusantara">"Nusantara | Malay to English Translation - Oxford Dictionaries"</a>. <i>Oxford Malay Living Dictionary</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Malay+Living+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Nusantara+%7C+Malay+to+English+Translation+-+Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fms.oxforddictionaries.com%2Ftranslate%2Fmalay-english%2Fnusantara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANusantara+%28term%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMpuY.1966" class="citation book cs1">Mpu, Prapañca; Y., Padmapuspita (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KeAtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Pararaton</i></a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oxforddictionaries.com/translate/indonesian-english/nusantara">the original</a> on 25 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Indonesian+Living+Dictionary&rft.atitle=nusantara+%7C+Indonesian+to+English+Translation+-+Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fid.oxforddictionaries.com%2Ftranslate%2Findonesian-english%2Fnusantara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANusantara+%28term%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButcherElson2017" class="citation book cs1">Butcher, John G.; Elson, R. E. (24 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZczWDgAAQBAJ&q=Nusantara+means+indonesian+archipelago&pg=PA205"><i>Sovereignty and the Sea: How Indonesia Became an Archipelagic State</i></a>. NUS Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814722216" title="Special:BookSources/9789814722216"><bdi>9789814722216</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sovereignty+and+the+Sea%3A+How+Indonesia+Became+an+Archipelagic+State&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2017-03-24&rft.isbn=9789814722216&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.au=Elson%2C+R.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZczWDgAAQBAJ%26q%3DNusantara%2Bmeans%2Bindonesian%2Barchipelago%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANusantara+%28term%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiregar2022" class="citation web cs1">Siregar, Kiki (17 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/indonesia-new-capital-name-nusantara-east-kalimantan-2440426">"Indonesia minister announces name of new national capital in eastern Kalimantan"</a>. <i>CNA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117065344/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/indonesia-new-capital-name-nusantara-east-kalimantan-2440426">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNA&rft.atitle=Indonesia+minister+announces+name+of+new+national+capital+in+eastern+Kalimantan&rft.date=2022-01-17&rft.aulast=Siregar&rft.aufirst=Kiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fasia%2Findonesia-new-capital-name-nusantara-east-kalimantan-2440426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANusantara+%28term%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(term)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/01/29/wawasan-nusantara-vs-unclos.html">Wawasan Nusantara</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wacananusantara.org">Wacana Nusantara</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604191632/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/16320/10891016391Indonesia_-_pararaton.doc/Indonesia+-+pararaton.doc">UNESCO: Pararaton Manuscript (Memory of the World Register)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastjava.com/books/majapahit/html/gajah.html">Gajah Mada article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historynusantara.com/">History Nusantara</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia" title="History of Indonesia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history" title="Timeline of Indonesian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Indonesia" title="Prehistoric Indonesia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia#Hindu-Buddhist_civilizations" title="History of Indonesia">Hinduism-Buddhism era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese era (1512–1605)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Company rule in the Dutch East Indies">VOC era (1603–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_British_interregnum_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies">French and British era (1806–1816)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies (1800–1942)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation (1942–45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">National Revolution (1945–49)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia" title="Liberal democracy period in Indonesia">Liberal democracy era (1950–59)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia">Guided Democracy (1959–65)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transitional period (1965–66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order (1966–98)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Suharto_era_in_Indonesia" title="Post-Suharto era in Indonesia"><i>Reformasi</i> (since 1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia" title="Geography of Indonesia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Borders of Indonesia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Indonesia" title="Climate of Indonesia">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Indonesia" title="Climate change in Indonesia">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Indonesia" title="Conservation in Indonesia">Conservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biosphere_reserves_of_Indonesia" title="List of biosphere reserves of Indonesia">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Indonesia" title="List of national parks of Indonesia">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Indonesia" title="Deforestation in Indonesia">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Indonesia" title="List of earthquakes in Indonesia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Indonesia" title="Environmental issues in Indonesia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Indonesia" title="Geology of Indonesia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Indonesia" title="List of lakes of Indonesia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Mountains of Indonesia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_highest_point" title="List of Indonesian provinces by highest point">Provincial highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_history_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Natural history of Indonesia">Natural history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Indonesia" title="Fauna of Indonesia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Indonesia" title="Flora of Indonesia">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Indonesia" title="Regions of Indonesia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Indonesia" title="List of rivers of Indonesia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia" title="List of volcanoes in Indonesia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Indonesia" title="Subdivisions of Indonesia">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Administrative divisions of the Dutch East Indies">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">Regencies & Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">Districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Indonesia" title="Cabinet of Indonesia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Constitution of Indonesia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indonesia" title="Elections in Indonesia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia" title="Foreign relations of Indonesia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Indonesia" title="Human rights in Indonesia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Indonesia" title="Law of Indonesia">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Indonesia" title="Censorship in Indonesia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Indonesia" title="Law enforcement in Indonesia">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Military</a> (<a href="/wiki/Babinsa" title="Babinsa">Babinsa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Indonesia" title="Capital of Indonesia">National capital</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">People's Consultative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police" title="Indonesian National Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Indonesia" title="List of political parties in Indonesia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="List of presidents of Indonesia">List</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wawasan_Nusantara" title="Wawasan Nusantara">Wawasan Nusantara</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Economy of Indonesia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Indonesia" title="Agriculture in Indonesia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Automotive industry in Indonesia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_Indonesia" title="Aviation in Indonesia">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Indonesia" title="List of banks in Indonesia">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Indonesia" title="Energy in Indonesia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Indonesia" title="Economic history of Indonesia">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Indonesia" title="Science and technology in Indonesia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Stock_Exchange" title="Indonesia Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Indonesia" title="Communications in Indonesia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Indonesia" title="Tourism in Indonesia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia" title="Transport in Indonesia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Indonesia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Indonesia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Society of Indonesia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Indonesia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Indonesia" title="Crime in Indonesia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Indonesia" title="Human trafficking in Indonesia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_Indonesia" title="Piracy in Indonesia">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Indonesia" title="Prostitution in Indonesia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Indonesia" title="Smoking in Indonesia">Smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia" title="Culture of Indonesia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Architecture of Indonesia">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Candi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Colonial architecture of Indonesia">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia" title="Mosque architecture in Indonesia">Mosques</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rumah_adat" title="Rumah adat">Rumah adat</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_art" title="Indonesian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik_in_Indonesia" title="Batik in Indonesia">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia" title="Dance in Indonesia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Indonesia" title="List of festivals in Indonesia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Indonesia" title="Folklore of Indonesia">Legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_literature" title="Indonesian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_martial_arts" title="Indonesian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Indonesia" title="Mass media in Indonesia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Indonesia" title="Mythology of Indonesia">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Indonesia" title="National Hero of Indonesia">National heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_painting" title="Indonesian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_properties_of_Indonesia" title="Cultural properties of Indonesia">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Indonesia" title="Public holidays in Indonesia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Indonesia" title="Sport in Indonesia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Indonesia" title="Theatre of Indonesia">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Indonesia" title="Video games in Indonesia">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia" title="Demographics of Indonesia">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Indonesia" title="Education in Indonesia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Indonesia" title="Ethnic groups in Indonesia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Indonesia" title="Health in Indonesia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Indonesia" title="Healthcare in Indonesia">Healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Indonesia" title="Homelessness in Indonesia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Indonesia" title="Refugees in Indonesia">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Indonesia" title="Women in Indonesia">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Indonesia">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Indonesia" title="National symbols of Indonesia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Raya" title="Indonesia Raya">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_Indonesia" title="National emblem of Indonesia">Emblem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Indonesia" title="Armorial of Indonesia">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Indonesia" title="Armorial of Indonesia">Subdivision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_faunal_emblems" title="List of Indonesian faunal emblems">Faunal emblems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia" title="Flag of Indonesia">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of flags of Indonesia">Subdivision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_floral_emblems" title="List of Indonesian floral emblems">Floral emblems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibu_Pertiwi" title="Ibu Pertiwi">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indonesian_songs" title="Category:Indonesian songs">Songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Indonesia" title="Outline of Indonesia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Indonesia-related_articles" title="Index of 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