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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_colonial_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Portuguese colonial architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_colonial_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_colonial_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_colonial_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>British colonial architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_colonial_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_colonial_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_colonial_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>French colonial architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Colonial architecture</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Colonial building" redirects here. For the historic Canadian building, see <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Building" title="Colonial Building">Colonial Building</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Dansborg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Fort_Dansborg.JPG/224px-Fort_Dansborg.JPG" decoding="async" width="224" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Fort_Dansborg.JPG/336px-Fort_Dansborg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Fort_Dansborg.JPG/448px-Fort_Dansborg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> Fort Dansborg at <a href="/wiki/Tranquebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tranquebar">Tranquebar</a>, built by <a href="/wiki/Ove_Gedde" class="mw-redirect" title="Ove Gedde">Ove Gedde</a> in 1620.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Catedral_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/220px-Catedral_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Catedral_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/330px-Catedral_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Catedral_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/440px-Catedral_de_M%C3%A9xico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>Under construction for more than two centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral">Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral</a> is a mixture of three styles that predominated during the colonial era: <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassic</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Colonial architecture</b> is a hybrid architectural style that arose as colonists combined architectural styles from their country of origin with design characteristics of the settled country. Colonists frequently built houses and buildings in a style that was familiar to them but with local characteristics more suited to their new climate.<sup id="cite_ref-ovaita_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ovaita-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Below are links to specific articles about colonial architecture, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Colony#Modern_historical_examples" title="Colony">modern colonies</a>: </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spanish_colonial_architecture">Spanish colonial architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Spanish colonial architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish colonial architecture">Spanish colonial architecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival architecture</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish colonial architecture">Spanish colonial architecture</a> is still found in the former colonies of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. In Mexico, it is found in the <a href="/wiki/Historic_center_of_Mexico_City" title="Historic center of Mexico City">Historic center of Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas,_Zacatecas" class="mw-redirect" title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro" title="Querétaro">Querétaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato,_Guanajuato" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanajuato, Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antigua_Guatemala" title="Antigua Guatemala">Antigua Guatemala</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> is also known for its well-preserved Spanish colonial style architecture. Other cities known for Spanish colonial heritage are <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Colonial">Ciudad Colonial</a> of <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, the ports of <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena, Colombia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Old_San_Juan" title="Old San Juan">Old San Juan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. </p> <dl><dt>North America</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">Viceroyalty of New Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_Mexico" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in Mexico">Spanish Colonial architecture in Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Spanish_Baroque" title="New Spanish Baroque">New Spanish Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in the United States">Spanish Colonial architecture in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival architecture</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Caribbean</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish West Indies</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peru_-_Cuzco_-_Plaza_de_Armas_-_21.04.2005_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Peru_-_Cuzco_-_Plaza_de_Armas_-_21.04.2005_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Peru_-_Cuzco_-_Plaza_de_Armas_-_21.04.2005_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Peru_-_Cuzco_-_Plaza_de_Armas_-_21.04.2005_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Peru_-_Cuzco_-_Plaza_de_Armas_-_21.04.2005_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Peru_-_Cuzco_-_Plaza_de_Armas_-_21.04.2005_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Peru_-_Cuzco_-_Plaza_de_Armas_-_21.04.2005_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Spanish colonial cities were usually laid out according to <i>La Traza,</i> a strict quadratic plan where the town radiated out from a central plaza (here the <i>Plaza de Armas</i> in <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a>)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_Cuba" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in Cuba">Spanish Colonial architecture in Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in the Dominican Republic">Spanish Colonial architecture in the Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in Puerto Rico">Spanish Colonial architecture in Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>South America</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">Viceroyalty of New Granada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_Argentina" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in Argentina">Spanish Colonial architecture in Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_Chile" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in Chile">Spanish Colonial architecture in Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_Colombia" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in Colombia">Spanish Colonial architecture in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_Peru" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in Peru">Spanish Colonial architecture in Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_Venezuela" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in Venezuela">Spanish Colonial architecture in Venezuela</a><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paoay.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Paoay.JPG/219px-Paoay.JPG" decoding="async" width="219" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Paoay.JPG/329px-Paoay.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Paoay.JPG/438px-Paoay.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1685" /></a><figcaption>Paoay Church Ilocos Sur Philippines is a fine example of Spanish <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_Baroque" title="Earthquake Baroque">Earthquake Baroque</a> only found in the Philippines</figcaption></figure></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_missions_in_South_America" title="Category:Spanish missions in South America">Spanish missions in South America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_missions_in_Bolivia" title="Category:Spanish missions in Bolivia">Spanish missions in Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_missions_in_Brazil" title="Category:Spanish missions in Brazil">Spanish missions in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_missions_in_Paraguay" title="Category:Spanish missions in Paraguay">Spanish missions in Paraguay</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_in_the_Philippines" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in the Philippines">Spanish Colonial architecture in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_Baroque" title="Earthquake Baroque">Earthquake Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahay_na_Bato" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahay na Bato">Bahay na Bato</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portuguese_colonial_architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Portuguese colonial architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_n2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mozambique_n2.jpg/220px-Mozambique_n2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mozambique_n2.jpg/330px-Mozambique_n2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mozambique_n2.jpg/440px-Mozambique_n2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="962" /></a><figcaption>Church of Santo António; <br /> b. 1498, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</a> is most visible in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Africa" title="Architecture of Africa">North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, the Malaysian city of <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, city of <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> in India, and <a href="/wiki/Moluccas" class="mw-redirect" title="Moluccas">Moluccas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> in Indonesia. </p> <ul><li>Asia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese_colonial_architecture_in_India" title="Category:Portuguese colonial architecture in India">Portuguese colonial architecture in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese_colonial_architecture_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Portuguese colonial architecture in Sri Lanka">Portuguese colonial architecture in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Portuguese_architecture" title="Sino-Portuguese architecture">Sino-Portuguese architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centro Histórico de Macau (page does not exist)">Centro Histórico de Macau</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_Macau" class="extiw" title="pt:Centro Histórico de Macau">pt</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historisches_Zentrum_von_Macau" class="extiw" title="de:Historisches Zentrum von Macau">de</a>; <a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%9F%8E%E5%8D%80" class="extiw" title="yue:澳門歷史城區">yue</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li>South America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese_colonial_architecture_in_Brazil" title="Category:Portuguese colonial architecture in Brazil">Portuguese colonial architecture in Brazil</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_colonial_architecture">British colonial architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British colonial architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morgan_House_Kalimpong_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Morgan_House_Kalimpong_2.jpg/220px-Morgan_House_Kalimpong_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Morgan_House_Kalimpong_2.jpg/330px-Morgan_House_Kalimpong_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Morgan_House_Kalimpong_2.jpg/440px-Morgan_House_Kalimpong_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5735" data-file-height="3813" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Morgan_House,_Kalimpong" title="Morgan House, Kalimpong">Morgan House</a> is a classic example of colonial Victorian era architecture in <a href="/wiki/Kalimpong" title="Kalimpong">Kalimpong</a>, India.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WestoverPlantationSEGL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/WestoverPlantationSEGL.jpg/220px-WestoverPlantationSEGL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/WestoverPlantationSEGL.jpg/330px-WestoverPlantationSEGL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/WestoverPlantationSEGL.jpg/440px-WestoverPlantationSEGL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Westover_Plantation" title="Westover Plantation">Westover Plantation</a>, an example of Georgian architecture on the eastern <a href="/wiki/James_River" title="James River">James River</a>, in Virginia</figcaption></figure> <p>British colonial architecture are most visible in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies" title="British West Indies">British West Indies</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. </p> <ul><li><b>North America</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_colonial_architecture" title="American colonial architecture">American colonial architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Architecture">Federal Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Period" title="First Period">First Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture#Colonial_Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Colonial Georgian architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Canada#Arrival_of_the_Europeans" title="Architecture of Canada">British colonial architecture in Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>South Asia</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India#British_Colonial_Era:_1757–1947" title="Architecture of India">British colonial architecture in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_architecture#Indo-Saracenic_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">British colonial architecture in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Sri_Lanka#Colonial_Period" title="Architecture of Sri Lanka">Colonial architecture in Sri Lanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Australia</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_residential_architectural_styles#Old_Colonial_period_1788_–_c._1840" title="Australian residential architectural styles">Colonial architecture of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_architecture" title="Federation architecture">Federation architecture</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>Asia-Pacific</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Hong_Kong#British_architecture" title="Architecture of Hong Kong">British colonial architecture in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Singapore#Colonial_period" title="Architecture of Singapore">British colonial architecture in Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_British_Consulate_at_Takao" title="Former British Consulate at Takao">British Consulate at Takao</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="French_colonial_architecture">French colonial architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: French colonial architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peyroux_House_(French_Quarter,_New_Orleans).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Peyroux_House_%28French_Quarter%2C_New_Orleans%29.jpg/220px-Peyroux_House_%28French_Quarter%2C_New_Orleans%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Peyroux_House_%28French_Quarter%2C_New_Orleans%29.jpg/330px-Peyroux_House_%28French_Quarter%2C_New_Orleans%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Peyroux_House_%28French_Quarter%2C_New_Orleans%29.jpg/440px-Peyroux_House_%28French_Quarter%2C_New_Orleans%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Gabriel Peyreaux House in New Orleans, built circa 1780 It is an example of <a href="/wiki/Poteaux-sur-solle" class="mw-redirect" title="Poteaux-sur-solle">poteaux-sur-solle</a> construction.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/French_Colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="French Colonial">French colonial architecture</a> is most visible in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a>. </p> <ul><li><b>Indochina</b></li> <li><b>North America</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_colonial_architecture#French_Colonial" title="American colonial architecture">French colonial architecture in North America</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>South Asia</b> <ul><li>French colonial architecture in India</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dutch_colonial_architecture">Dutch colonial architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dutch colonial architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toko_merah_Kota_Tua.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Toko_merah_Kota_Tua.JPG/220px-Toko_merah_Kota_Tua.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Toko_merah_Kota_Tua.JPG/330px-Toko_merah_Kota_Tua.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Toko_merah_Kota_Tua.JPG/440px-Toko_merah_Kota_Tua.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Toko_Merah" title="Toko Merah">Toko Merah</a>, an 18th-century Dutch colonial landmark in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, shows a typically Dutch high sash windows with split shutters.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_architecture" title="Dutch colonial architecture">Dutch colonial architecture</a> is most visible in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>), the United States, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. In Indonesia, formerly Dutch East Indies, colonial architecture was studied academically and had developed into a <a href="/wiki/New_Indies_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="New Indies Style">new tropical architecture</a> form which emphasizes on conforming to the tropical climate of the Indies and not completely imitating the architectural language of the Dutch colonists. </p> <ul><li><b>Indonesia</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Colonial architecture of Indonesia">Dutch colonial architecture of Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Indies_country_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Indies country houses">Old Indies Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indies_Empire_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Indies Empire style">Indies Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Indies_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="New Indies Style">New Indies Style</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>North America</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_colonial_architecture#Dutch_Colonial" title="American colonial architecture">Dutch colonial architecture in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Dutch Colonial Revival architecture">Dutch Colonial Revival architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>South Asia</b> <ul><li>Dutch colonial architecture in India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Sri_Lanka#Colonial_Period" title="Architecture of Sri Lanka">Colonial architecture in Sri Lanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>South Africa</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Dutch_architecture" title="Cape Dutch architecture">Cape Dutch architecture</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian_colonial_architecture">Italian colonial architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Italian colonial architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catholic_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Catholic_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Catholic_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Catholic_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Catholic_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Catholic_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Catholic_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Rosary,_Asmara" title="Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Asmara">Church of Our Lady of the Rosary</a> in Asmara, Eritrea (1923)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> was <a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritrea" title="Italian Eritrea">Italy's first African colony</a>. Its first capital, <a href="/wiki/Massawa" title="Massawa">Massawa</a>, contains a large amount of early Italian colonial architecture, characterized by historicism and inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Gothic_architecture" title="Venetian Gothic architecture">Venetian Gothic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Neoclassical_architecture" title="Italian Neoclassical architecture">Italian Neoclassical</a> architecture. The colonial architecture and orthogonal street grid of <a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a>, the colony's second capital, was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2017. Much of the city's colonial architecture dates to the fascist era, during which <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> encouraged architects and planners to transform the city into a "Little Rome".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> also contains a wide range of Italian colonial architecture, dating back to its <a href="/wiki/Italian_Somaliland" title="Italian Somaliland">colonial era</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a>, the residence of most of the colony's eventual 50,000 Italian residents, colonial architects undertook large planning projects and erected monuments such as the still-extant triumphal arch dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a>, the largely destroyed <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu_Cathedral" title="Mogadishu Cathedral">Cathedral of Mogadiscio</a>, and various government buildings. The Italian-built <a href="/wiki/Villa_Somalia" title="Villa Somalia">Villa Somalia</a> remains Somalia's presidential residence. Unlike colonial schemes in Libya and Eritrea, Italian colonial authorities built within existing cities in Somalia, not building new villages or towns for settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battah,_Libya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Battah%2C_Libya.jpg/220px-Battah%2C_Libya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Battah%2C_Libya.jpg/330px-Battah%2C_Libya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Battah%2C_Libya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view of the Italian village of Oberdan (now known as <a href="/wiki/Battah" title="Battah">Battah</a>) in Libya</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the consolidation of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Cyrenaica" title="Italian Cyrenaica">Italian Cyrenaica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Tripolitania" title="Italian Tripolitania">Italian Tripolitania</a>, Libya's colonial masters undertook significant building projects in Italian styles, such as the construction of <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Cathedral" title="Tripoli Cathedral">Tripoli's Cathedral</a>, built in a Venetian Gothic style. Following the founding of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Italian Fascist architecture</a> became the standard for the massive infrastructural and settlement-related projects that Mussolini's Italy undertook. In cities such as <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>, colonial architects and urban planners undertook large-scale urban projects, such as the construction of Benghazi's monumental <i>Lungomare</i> (sea-walk), new urban districts for Italian settlers, and Catholic religious buildings, including <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Cathedral" title="Benghazi Cathedral">Benghazi's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Cathedral" title="Tripoli Cathedral">Tripoli's cathedrals</a>. The fascist government's constructions were usually characterized by use of the <a href="/wiki/Rationalism_(architecture)" title="Rationalism (architecture)">Italian Rationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> styles. Starting in 1938, the colony's Public Works Department sponsored the building of 27 new villages meant for Italian settlement, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a>, which epitomized a Rationalism informed by local Arab architectural mores. <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pellegrini" title="Giovanni Pellegrini">Giovanni Pellegrini</a>, one of the most prominent designers of these agrarian villages, attempted to synthesize Arab and Italian architecture to settlements best fitted to Cyrenaica's arid climate.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Italian_Islands_of_the_Aegean" title="Italian Islands of the Aegean">Italy's occupation of the Dodecanese</a> bore a significant amount of modernist and art deco buildings throughout the archipelago. Colonial architects also constructed several new towns and villages, such as Portolago, now known as <a href="/wiki/Lakki,_Leros" title="Lakki, Leros">Lakki</a>. Contrasting with much of the built remnants of Italian colonialism in Africa, Italian architecture in the Dodecanese often remains in good repair.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italy's brief <a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">colonial undertaking in Albania</a> resulted in a prominent collection of Rationalist buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Albania" title="Bank of Albania">Bank of Albania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(Albania)" title="Prime Minister's Office (Albania)">Prime Minister's Office</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Albania)" title="National Theatre (Albania)">National Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Colonial Revival architecture">Colonial Revival architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_colonial_architecture" title="American colonial architecture">American colonial architecture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ovaita-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ovaita_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGuaita1999" class="citation book cs1">Guaita, Ovidio (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ondistantshoresc0000guai"><i>On distant shores: colonial houses around the world</i></a></span>. 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"Experience, theory, practice. The Manifesto of Colonial Architecture by Giovanni Pellegrini". <i>Architectes, ingénieurs, et artistes décorateurs italiens au Maghreb</i> [<i>Italian Architects, Engineers, Contractors, and Decorative Artists in the Maghreb</i>] (in Italian). Edizioni ETS. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788846756657" title="Special:BookSources/9788846756657"><bdi>9788846756657</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Experience%2C+theory%2C+practice.+The+Manifesto+of+Colonial+Architecture+by+Giovanni+Pellegrini&rft.btitle=Architectes%2C+ing%C3%A9nieurs%2C+et+artistes+d%C3%A9corateurs+italiens+au+Maghreb&rft.pub=Edizioni+ETS&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9788846756657&rft.aulast=Pallini&rft.aufirst=Cristina&rft.au=Capresi%2C+Vittoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColonial+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.decolonizing.ps/site/italian-ghosts-lybia/">"Italian Ghosts, Lybia (2014)"</a>. <i>DAAR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">Bungalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bengal" title="Architecture of Bengal">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture" title="Indo-Islamic architecture">Sultani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Somapura_Mahavihara,_Bangladesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paharpur vihara"><img alt="Paharpur vihara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Somapura_Mahavihara%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/70px-Somapura_Mahavihara%2C_Bangladesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Somapura_Mahavihara%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/105px-Somapura_Mahavihara%2C_Bangladesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Somapura_Mahavihara%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/140px-Somapura_Mahavihara%2C_Bangladesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Bangladesh" title="List of Hindu temples in Bangladesh">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Bangladesh" title="List of mosques in Bangladesh">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Bangladesh" title="List of museums in Bangladesh">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_viharas_in_Bangladesh" title="List of Buddhist viharas in Bangladesh">Viharas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadiums_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadiums in Bangladesh">Stadiums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable architects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Foyez_Ullah" title="Mohammad Foyez Ullah">Mohammad Foyez Ullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Khan" title="Fazlur Rahman Khan">Fazlur Rahman Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayeed_M_Ahmed" title="Abu Sayeed M Ahmed">Abu Sayeed M Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salauddin_Ahmed" title="Salauddin Ahmed">Salauddin Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mainul_Hossain" title="Syed Mainul Hossain">Syed Mainul Hossain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzharul_Islam" title="Muzharul Islam">Muzharul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashirul_Haq" title="Bashirul Haq">Bashirul Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafes_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Yafes Osman">Yafes Osman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Uddin" title="Saleh Uddin">Saleh Uddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Khalid_Palash" title="Mustapha Khalid Palash">Mustapha Khalid Palash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enamul_Karim_Nirjhar" title="Enamul Karim Nirjhar">Enamul Karim Nirjhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khondaker_Hasibul_Kabir" title="Khondaker Hasibul Kabir">Khondaker Hasibul Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Khan_(architect)" title="Ehsan Khan (architect)">Ehsan Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Ekram" title="Khaleda Ekram">Khaleda Ekram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashef_Mahboob_Chowdhury" title="Kashef Mahboob Chowdhury">Kashef Mahboob Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubasshar_Hussein" title="Mubasshar Hussein">Mubasshar Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_Ul_Haque" title="Saif Ul Haque">Saif Ul Haque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Khaleed_Ashraf" title="Kazi Khaleed Ashraf">Kazi Khaleed Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Ahmad" title="Jalal Ahmad">Jalal Ahmad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Dhaka" title="Architecture of Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Architects_Bangladesh" title="Institute of Architects Bangladesh">Institute of Architects Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Building_Research_Institute" title="Housing and Building Research Institute">Housing and Building Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architecture_schools_in_Bangladesh" 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