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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ambrogio Spinola</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosi_Spinola" title="Ambrosi Spinola – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ambrosi Spinola" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosio_Spinola" title="Ambrosio Spinola – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ambrosio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosio_Spinola" title="Ambrosio Spinola – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ambrosio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosio_Sp%C3%ADnola" title="Ambrosio Spínola – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ambrosio Spínola" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_di_Spinola" title="Ambrogio di Spinola – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ambrogio di Spinola" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%94%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EB%86%80%EB%9D%BC_%EB%8F%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="암브로시오 스피놀라 도리아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="암브로시오 스피놀라 도리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94" title="אמברוסיו ספינולה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמברוסיו ספינולה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="امبروجيو سپينولا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امبروجيو سپينولا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%8E%E3%83%A9" title="アンブロジオ・スピノラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンブロジオ・スピノラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosio_Spinola" title="Ambrosio Spinola – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ambrosio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0,_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Спинола, Амброзио – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спинола, Амброзио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Амброзије Спинола – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амброзије Спинола" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosio_Spinola" title="Ambrosio Spinola – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ambrosio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola" title="Ambrogio Spinola – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ambrogio Spinola" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Амброзіо Спінола – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амброзіо Спінола" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E8%AB%BE%E6%8B%89" title="安布羅西奧·斯皮諾拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安布羅西奧·斯皮諾拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q359936#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Excellent" title="The Most Excellent">The Most Excellent</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Marquess of Balbases</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grandee" title="Grandee">GE</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_-_WGA20376.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_-_WGA20376.jpg/220px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_-_WGA20376.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_-_WGA20376.jpg/330px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_-_WGA20376.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_-_WGA20376.jpg/440px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_-_WGA20376.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> (1627)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_the_Duchy_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of the Duchy of Milan">Governor of the Duchy of Milan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1629–1630</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(1585%E2%80%931635)" title="Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585–1635)">Gonzalo Fernandez de Córdoba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Baz%C3%A1n,_2nd_Marquis_of_Santa_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Álvaro de Bazán, 2nd Marquis of Santa Cruz">Álvaro de Bazán</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1569<br /><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 September 1630<span style="display:none">(1630-09-25)</span> (aged 60–61)<br /><a href="/wiki/Castelnuovo_Scrivia" title="Castelnuovo Scrivia">Castelnuovo Scrivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mantua" title="Duchy of Mantua">Duchy of Mantua</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signatur_Ambrosio_Spinola.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ambrogio Spinola's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Signatur_Ambrosio_Spinola.PNG/128px-Signatur_Ambrosio_Spinola.PNG" decoding="async" width="128" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Signatur_Ambrosio_Spinola.PNG/192px-Signatur_Ambrosio_Spinola.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Signatur_Ambrosio_Spinola.PNG 2x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Captain-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain-General">Captain-General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data">Captain-General of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Flanders" title="Army of Flanders">Army of Flanders</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Siege of Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sluis_(1604)" title="Siege of Sluis (1604)">Siege of Sluis (1604)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lingen_(1605)" title="Siege of Lingen (1605)">Siege of Lingen (1605)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1606)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1606)">Siege of Groenlo (1606)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bergen-op-Zoom_(1622)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bergen-op-Zoom (1622)">Siege of Bergen-op-Zoom (1622)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breda_(1624)" title="Siege of Breda (1624)">Siege of Breda (1624)</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_J%C3%BClich_Succession" title="War of the Jülich Succession">War of the Jülich Succession</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aachen_(1614)" title="Siege of Aachen (1614)">Siege of Aachen (1614)</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Palatinate_campaign" title="Palatinate campaign">Palatinate campaign</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Oppenheim" title="Capture of Oppenheim">Capture of Oppenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_J%C3%BClich_(1621%E2%80%931622)" title="Siege of Jülich (1621–1622)">Siege of Jülich</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ambrogio Spinola Doria, 1st Marquess of Los Balbases and 1st Duke of Sesto</b> (1569 – 25 September 1630) was an Italian <i><a href="/wiki/Condottiero" title="Condottiero">condottiero</a></i> and nobleman of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>, who served as a Spanish general and won a number of important battles. He is often called "Ambrosio" by Spanish-speaking people and is considered one of the greatest military commanders of his time and in the history of the Spanish army.<sup id="cite_ref-CUP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CUP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His military achievements earned him the title of <i>Marquess of Los Balbases</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_nobility" title="Spanish nobility">Spanish peerage</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Santiago" title="Order of Santiago">Order of Santiago</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Spinola&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ambrogio Spinola was born in <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, the eldest son of Filippo Spinola, Marquis of <a href="/wiki/Sexten" title="Sexten">Sexten</a> and Venafro, and his wife Polissena Grimaldi, daughter of Nicolò prince of <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CDM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family of <a href="/wiki/Spinola_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinola family">Spinola</a> was of great antiquity, wealth and power in Genoa.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Don Ambrogio's sister Donna Lelia was married to Don Giulio Cesare Squarciafico, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Galatone" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquess of Galatone">Marquess of Galatone</a>, from whom descend the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Belmonte" title="Prince of Belmonte">Princes of Belmonte</a>. </p><p>In the 16th century, the Italian <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> was in practical terms a protected state of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>; the Genoese were the bankers of the Spanish monarchy and had control of its finances. Several of the younger brothers of Ambrogio Spinola sought their fortune in Spain, and one of them, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Spinola" title="Federico Spinola">Federico</a>, distinguished himself greatly as a soldier in the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Flanders" title="Army of Flanders">Army of Flanders</a>.<br /> As the eldest brother, Ambrogio remained at home to marry and continue the family. In 1592 he was married to Giovanna Bacciadonne, daughter of the count of Galerata.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spanish_service">Spanish service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Spinola&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spanish service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_(van_Dyck).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_%28van_Dyck%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_%28van_Dyck%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_%28van_Dyck%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_%28van_Dyck%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_%28van_Dyck%29.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Ambrogio_Spinola_%28van_Dyck%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Ambrogio Spinola by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The houses of Spinola and <a href="/wiki/Doria_(family)" title="Doria (family)">Doria</a> were rivals for authority within the republic. Ambrogio Spinola continued the rivalry with the count of <a href="/wiki/Tursi" title="Tursi">Tursi</a>, then the chief of the Dorias. He was not successful, and having lost a lawsuit into which he had entered to enforce a right of pre-emption of a palace belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a> family which the Doria wished to purchase, he decided to withdraw from the city and advance the fortunes of his house by serving the Spanish monarchy in Flanders. </p><p>In 1602 he and his brother Federico entered into a contract with the Spanish government—a <i><a href="/wiki/Condottieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Condottieri">condotta</a></i> on the old Italian model. It was a speculation on which Spinola risked the whole of the great fortune of his house. Ambrogio Spinola undertook to raise 9,000 <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombard</a> mercenaries<sup id="cite_ref-CUP_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CUP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NUP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for land service, and Federico to form a squadron of <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galley</a> ships for service on the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several of Federico's galleys were destroyed by English and Dutch war-ships; first at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sesimbra_Bay" title="Battle of Sesimbra Bay">at Sesimbra</a> in June and then at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Narrow_Seas" title="Battle of the Narrow Seas">in October</a> in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. He himself was slain in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sluis_(1603)" title="Battle of Sluis (1603)">an action</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> on 24 May 1603. </p><p>Ambrogio Spinola marched overland to Flanders in 1602 with the men he had raised at his own expense. During the first months of his stay in Flanders, the Spanish government played with schemes for employing him on an invasion of England, which came to nothing. At the close of the year, he returned to Italy for more men. </p><p>His experience as a soldier did not begin until, as General, and at the age of thirty-four, he undertook to continue the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Siege of Ostend</a> on 29 September 1603. Despite failing to <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sluis_(1604)" title="Siege of Sluis (1604)">relieve Sluis under siege</a> at the same time, the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a> fell into his hands on 22 September 1604.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this victory, he was appointed a Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a> in 1605. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_in_Flanders">War in Flanders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Spinola&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: War in Flanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The governor of Flanders <a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Archduke Albert</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Isabella_Clara_Eugenia_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain">Infanta Clara Eugenia</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a>, who had set their hearts on taking <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, were delighted at Spinola's success, and it won him a high reputation among the soldiers of the time. At the close of the campaign, he went to Spain to meet with the court, then in <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, and make arrangements for the continuation of the war. At Valladolid, he insisted on being appointed commander-in-chief in Flanders. </p><p>By April he was back in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> to lead his first campaign. At this period, the wars of the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> consisted almost entirely of sieges, and Spinola made himself famous by the number of places he took in spite of the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau">Maurice of Nassau</a> to defend them, including heavily fortified <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1606)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1606)">Groenlo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1606 he again went to Spain. He was received with much outward honour, and entrusted with a very secret mission to secure the government of Flanders in case of the death of the Archduke or his wife. However, he could not obtain the <a href="/wiki/Grandee" title="Grandee">grandeeship</a> which he desired and was compelled to pledge his entire fortune as security for the expenses of the war before the bankers would advance funds to the Spanish government. He was never repaid, resulting in his complete financial ruin. </p><p>The Spanish government now had a reason to keep him away from Spain. Until the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Years%27_Truce" title="Twelve Years' Truce">Twelve Years' Truce</a> in 1609, he continued to command in the field with general success. After it was signed he retained his post, and had among other duties to conduct the negotiations with <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> when <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_de_Bourbon,_prince_de_Cond%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry II de Bourbon, prince de Condé">Henry II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé</a> fled to Flanders with his wife, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte-Marguerite_de_Montmorency" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte-Marguerite de Montmorency">Charlotte-Marguerite de Montmorency</a>, in order to put her beyond the reach of the admiration of the older <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1611 Spinola's financial ruin was complete, but he was given the aristocratic title, a <a href="/wiki/Grandeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandeza">Grandeza</a>, which he had sought. In 1614 he was involved with operations connected with the settlement of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_J%C3%BClich_Succession" title="War of the Jülich Succession">War of the Jülich Succession</a>, which awarded <a href="/wiki/Cleves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleves">Cleves</a> to <a href="/wiki/George_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="George William, Elector of Brandenburg">George William, Elector of Brandenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BClich" title="Jülich">Jülich</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Wilhelm,_Count_Palatine_of_Neuburg" title="Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg">Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg</a>. From 1620 to 1622, in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, he led the <a href="/wiki/Palatinate_campaign" title="Palatinate campaign">Palatinate campaign</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Palatinate_(region)" title="Palatinate (region)">Lower Palatinate</a>, which included the capture of many towns and villages, including <a href="/wiki/Drais" title="Drais">Drais</a>, and was rewarded with the rank of Captain-General.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the renewal of the war in the Low Countries in 1621 he had the most renowned victory of his career, the capture of <a href="/wiki/Breda" title="Breda">Breda</a>. Success came after a long siege (28 August 1624 – 5 June 1625), in spite of the objections of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a>, who thought the siege was too risky and expensive, and the strenuous efforts of <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau,_Prince_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange">Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange</a> to save it. The surrender of Breda is the subject of a famous painting by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Velázquez</a>, known as <i>Las Lanzas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Breda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Siege_of_Breda.jpg/220px-Siege_of_Breda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Siege_of_Breda.jpg/330px-Siege_of_Breda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Siege_of_Breda.jpg/440px-Siege_of_Breda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1535" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breda_(1624)" title="Siege of Breda (1624)">Siege of Breda</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_of_Breda">Capture of Breda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Spinola&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Capture of Breda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dankaerts-Historis-9266_-_Ambrosio_Spinola.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dankaerts-Historis-9266_-_Ambrosio_Spinola.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Dankaerts-Historis-9266_-_Ambrosio_Spinola.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dankaerts-Historis-9266_-_Ambrosio_Spinola.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Dankaerts-Historis-9266_-_Ambrosio_Spinola.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dankaerts-Historis-9266_-_Ambrosio_Spinola.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Dankaerts-Historis-9266_-_Ambrosio_Spinola.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="4632" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of Ambrogio Spinola</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tercio_-_Sp%C3%ADnola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tercio_-_Sp%C3%ADnola.svg/220px-Tercio_-_Sp%C3%ADnola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tercio_-_Sp%C3%ADnola.svg/330px-Tercio_-_Sp%C3%ADnola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tercio_-_Sp%C3%ADnola.svg/440px-Tercio_-_Sp%C3%ADnola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of a <a href="/wiki/Tercio" title="Tercio">Tercio</a> of Spinola in 1621.</figcaption></figure> <p>Spinola captured the city after a prolonged siege. After its surrender, he gave safe passage to its leaders and soldiers, who were allowed to leave the city with their banners and arms, an extraordinary and magnanimous gesture that made Spinola famous throughout Europe. Spinola famously argued, <i>El valor del vencido es la gloria del vencedor</i> ("The valour of the defeated is the glory of the victor"). The gesture, which was understood as true Christian benevolence, is depicted in Velázquez's work.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breda_(1624)" title="Siege of Breda (1624)">taking of Breda</a> was the culmination of Spinola's career. Utter want of money paralysed the Spanish government, and the new favourite, <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_Count-Duke_of_Olivares" title="Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares">Olivares</a>, was jealous of the general. Spinola could not prevent <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Henry,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange">Frederick Henry of Nassau</a> from <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1627)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1627)">taking Groll (or Groenlo)</a> in 1627, a good set-off for Breda. </p><p>In January 1628 he left for Spain, resolved not to resume the command in Flanders unless security was given to him for the support of his army. At <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> he had to endure much insolence from Olivares, who endeavoured to make him responsible for the loss of Groll. Spinola was resolute not to return to Flanders.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Spinola&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meanwhile, the Spanish government added a war over the succession to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mantua" title="Duchy of Mantua">Duchy of Mantua</a> to its heavy burdens. Spinola was appointed as plenipotentiary and general. He landed at <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> on 19 September 1629.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With him, at the suggestion of painter <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>, came the Spanish royal painter <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>, who went with him to see famous paintings in <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. </p><p>In Italy, he was pursued by the enmity of the Conde-Duque of <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_Count-Duke_of_Olivares" title="Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares">Olivares</a>, who had been, curiously enough, born in Rome in 1587, where his father, don Enrique de Guzmán y Ribera, a cadet child from one of Spain's oldest noble families, was the Spanish ambassador. Olivares ultimately caused Spinola to be deprived of his powers as <a href="/wiki/Plenipotentiary" title="Plenipotentiary">plenipotentiary</a>. </p><p>Spinola's health broke down, as he was already 61 years old, with over 30 years' experience on the battlefield. He died on 25 September 1630 at the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Mantuan_Succession" title="War of the Mantuan Succession">Siege of Casale</a>, muttering, apparently, the words "honour" and "reputation."<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The title of "Marquess of Los Balbases", still borne by his representatives in Spain, was all that his family received for the vast fortune they spent in the service of <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">IV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would be painted however after his death, by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>, in 1635, as ordered by Felipe IV, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Surrender_of_Breda" title="The Surrender of Breda">The Surrender of Breda</a></i>. </p><p>Spinola was a brilliant field commander, whose daring in battle often was used to outflank his opponents and catch them off guard. He was not a great technical innovator but was a master of military skills. He used rapid movement and pell-mell actions in his battles. He was skilled at picking out an enemy's weakest spot and applying force there to achieve victory.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Spinola&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spinola and Giovanna Bacciadonne had three children: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Spinola,_2nd_Marquis_of_Los_Balbases" title="Filippo Spinola, 2nd Marquis of Los Balbases">Filippo</a> (1594 – 8 August 1659), 2nd Marquess of Balbases and his successor.</li> <li>Polissena (died 1639), married <a href="/wiki/Diego_Felipez_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_1st_Marquis_of_Legan%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Diego Felipez de Guzmán, 1st Marquis of Leganés">Diego Felipe de Guzmán, 1st Marquess of Leganés</a>, Governor of Flanders.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Sp%C3%ADnola_Basadone" title="Agustín de Spínola Basadone">Agustin</a> (1597 – 12 February 1649), <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Tortosa" title="Bishop of Tortosa">Bishop of Tortosa</a> 1625, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Granada">Archbishop of Granada</a> 1627, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela">Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela</a> 1630, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Sevilla">Archbishop of Sevilla</a> 1645.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Spinola&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CUP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CUP_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CUP_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCust1865" class="citation book cs1">Cust, Sir Edward (1865). <i>Lives of the warriors of the seventeenth century: Vol.I</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+warriors+of+the+seventeenth+century%3A+Vol.I&rft.place=London&rft.date=1865&rft.aulast=Cust&rft.aufirst=Sir+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbrogio+Spinola" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CDM_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuoni1859" class="citation book cs1">Muoni, Damiano (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_dwV6iiAQRvQC"><i>Collezione D'Autografi Di Famiglie Sovrane</i></a>. Milan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collezione+D%27Autografi+Di+Famiglie+Sovrane&rft.place=Milan&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Muoni&rft.aufirst=Damiano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_dwV6iiAQRvQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbrogio+Spinola" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannay1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hannay_(historian)" title="David Hannay (historian)">Hannay, David</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Spinola,_Ambrose" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Spinola, Ambrose">Spinola, Ambrose</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 686–687.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spinola%2C+Ambrose&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=686-687&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Hannay&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbrogio+Spinola" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NUP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NUP_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArcher2002" class="citation book cs1">Archer, Christon (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldhistoryofwa00arch"><i>World History of Warfare</i></a></span>. University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780803244238" title="Special:BookSources/9780803244238"><bdi>9780803244238</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+History+of+Warfare&rft.place=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780803244238&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=Christon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldhistoryofwa00arch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbrogio+Spinola" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loqéz-Rey, La obra completa de Velázquez (Taschen, 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeeganWheatcroft2014" class="citation book cs1">Keegan, John; Wheatcroft, Andrew (2014). <i>Who's Who in Military History: From 1453 to the Present Day</i>. London: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+Military+History%3A+From+1453+to+the+Present+Day&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Wheatcroft%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbrogio+Spinola" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Spinola&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hobbs, Nicolas (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grandesp.org.uk/historia/titulos/titintro.htm">"Grandes de España"</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081025053238/http://www.grandesp.org.uk/historia/titulos/titintro.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grandes+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrandesp.org.uk%2Fhistoria%2Ftitulos%2Ftitintro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbrogio+Spinola" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInstituto_de_Salazar_y_Castro" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Instituto de Salazar y Castro. <i>Elenco de Grandezas y Titulos Nobiliarios Españoles</i> (in Spanish). periodic publication.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elenco+de+Grandezas+y+Titulos+Nobiliarios+Espa%C3%B1oles&rft.au=Instituto+de+Salazar+y+Castro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbrogio+Spinola" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez_Villa1905" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodriguez Villa, A. (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ambrosiospnolap00villgoog"><i>Ambrosio Spinola, primer marqués de Los Balbases</i></a> (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ambrosio+Spinola%2C+primer+marqu%C3%A9s+de+Los+Balbases&rft.place=Madrid%2C+Spain&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Rodriguez+Villa&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fambrosiospnolap00villgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbrogio+Spinola" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abcgenealogia.com/Spinola00.html">Genealogía de la familia y del apellido Spinola</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202073655/http://www.abcgenealogia.com/Spinola00.html">Archived</a> 2 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ambrosio_Spinola,_marqu%C3%A9s_de_los_Balbases" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ambrosio Spinola, marqués de los Balbases">Ambrosio Spinola, marqués de los Balbases</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(1585%E2%80%931635)" title="Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585–1635)">Gonzalo<br />Fernández de Córdoba</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_the_Duchy_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of the Duchy of Milan">Governor of the Duchy of Milan</a> </b><br />1629–1630 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Baz%C3%A1n,_2nd_Marquis_of_Santa_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Álvaro de Bazán, 2nd Marquis of Santa Cruz">Álvaro de Bazán</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_nobility" title="Italian nobility">Italian nobility</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_of_Sesto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duke of Sesto (page does not exist)">Duke of Sesto</a> </b><br />1612–1630 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Sp%C3%ADnola,_2nd_Marquis_de_los_Balbases" class="mw-redirect" title="Filippo Spínola, 2nd Marquis de los Balbases">Filippo Spínola</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nobility" title="Spanish nobility">Spanish nobility</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marquess_of_Los_Balbases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marquess of Los Balbases (page does not exist)">Marquess of Los Balbases</a> </b><br />1621–1630 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Sp%C3%ADnola,_2nd_Marquis_de_los_Balbases" class="mw-redirect" title="Filippo Spínola, 2nd Marquis de los Balbases">Filippo Spínola</a></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108377679">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/88863426">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/320801/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbtjgqx4cWQQWHCfrW4bd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118616226">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr93015050">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15553919c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15553919c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20181013607&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1127851">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069925747">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810651692305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/276524">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007285039605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14607301">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/445440">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/45137941">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="SPINOLA, Ambrogio"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ambrogio-spinola_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118616226.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118616226">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/117984906">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dn4cm7">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Spinola&oldid=1239315280">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Spinola&oldid=1239315280</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1569_births" title="Category:1569 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