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class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Прејди на содржината</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Мрежно место"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Главно мени" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Главно мени</span> </label> <div 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Прегледник </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Посети главна страница [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Главна страница</span></a></li><li id="n-Што-е-Википедија?" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4"><span>Што е Википедија?</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8"><span>Избрана содржина</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вчитај случајна страница 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title="Список на скорешни промени на викито. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Скорешни промени</span></a></li><li id="n-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0"><span>Селска чешма</span></a></li><li id="n-Викисредби" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0"><span>Викисредби</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Место каде што може да се информирате."><span>Помош</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедија" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sr.svg" style="width: 7.8125em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Слободна енциклопедија" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-mk.svg" width="114" height="11" style="width: 7.125em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Пребарај низ Википедија [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пребарај</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Пребарајте по Википедија" aria-label="Пребарајте по Википедија" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Пребарај низ Википедија [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специјална:Барај"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пребарај</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични алатки"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Изглед"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Сменете ги големината на фонтот, ширината и бојата" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Изглед" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Изглед</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mk.wikipedia.org&uselang=mk" class=""><span>Дарување</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ви препорачуваме да направите сметка и да се најавите, иако тоа не е задолжително" class=""><span>Направи сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ви препорачуваме да се најавите, иако тоа не е задолжително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Најава</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Повеќе можности" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични алатки" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични алатки</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Корисничко мени" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mk.wikipedia.org&uselang=mk"><span>Дарување</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ви препорачуваме да направите сметка и да се најавите, иако тоа не е задолжително"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Направи сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ви препорачуваме да се најавите, иако тоа не е задолжително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Најава</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за одјавени уредници <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4" aria-label="Дознајте повеќе за уредувањето"><span>дознајте повеќе</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Список на уредувања направени од оваа IP-адреса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Придонеси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a 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srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Airways_Boeing_747-400_%28G-CIVH%29_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg/38px-British_Airways_Boeing_747-400_%28G-CIVH%29_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Airways_Boeing_747-400_%28G-CIVH%29_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg/50px-British_Airways_Boeing_747-400_%28G-CIVH%29_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"3687\" data-file-height=\"2884\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003EУредувачки ден „Цивилно воздухопловство“\u003C/figcaption\u003E\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EСе известуваат сите заинтересирани уредници на Википедија на македонски јазик дека на 5 декември 2024 година ќе се одржи \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8\" title=\"Википедија:Уредувачки денови\"\u003Eуредувачки ден\u003C/a\u003E на тема „\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_2024#Цивилно_воздухопловство\" title=\"Википедија:Уредувачки денови 2024\"\u003EЦивилно воздухопловство\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E“.\n\u003Cbr style=\"clear:both;\" /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cfigure class=\"mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Wikipe-tan_mopping.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wikipe-tan_mopping.png/25px-Wikipe-tan_mopping.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"30\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wikipe-tan_mopping.png/38px-Wikipe-tan_mopping.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wikipe-tan_mopping.png/50px-Wikipe-tan_mopping.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1800\" data-file-height=\"2149\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003C/figcaption\u003E\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EСе известуваат сите заинтересирани уредници дека во периодот од 4 ноември до 3 декември 2024 година се одржува \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Википедија:Уредувачки натпревари\"\u003Eуредувачки натпревар\u003C/a\u003E за \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_(2024)\" title=\"Википедија:Уредувачки натпревари/Средување (2024)\"\u003Eсредување на статии\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. Прочитајте ги правилата и вклучете се!\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Мрежно место"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Содржина" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Содржина</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">премести во страничникот</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почеток</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Одлики_на_ларвената_и_возрасната_единка" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Одлики_на_ларвената_и_возрасната_единка"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Одлики на ларвената и возрасната единка</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Одлики_на_ларвената_и_возрасната_единка-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Таксономија" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Таксономија"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Таксономија</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Таксономија-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Содржина" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прик./скр. содржина" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прик./скр. содржина</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Плаштари</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Појдете на статија на друг јазик. Достапно на 75 јазици" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 јазици</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manteldiere" title="Manteldiere — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Manteldiere" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="غلاليات — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غلاليات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunikal%C4%B1lar" title="Tunikalılar — азербејџански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tunikalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербејџански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="ইউরোকর্ডাটা — бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউরোকর্ডাটা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Абалоннікі — белоруски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абалоннікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белоруски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Абалоньнікі — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абалоньнікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Опашнохордови — бугарски" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Опашнохордови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="бугарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pla%C5%A1ta%C5%A1i" title="Plaštaši — босански" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Plaštaši" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicats" title="Tunicats — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tunicats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%B3%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Хуртла-хирлӳлли — чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хуртла-хирлӳлли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urochordata" title="Urochordata — себуански" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Urochordata" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%A1%C5%A1t%C4%9Bnci" title="Pláštěnci — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pláštěnci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A6kdyr" title="Sækdyr — дански" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sækdyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manteltiere" title="Manteltiere — германски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Manteltiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="германски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bits%CA%BCa%CA%BC_yi%C5%82_Daniy%C3%A9ehii" title="Bitsʼaʼ yił Daniyéehii — навахо" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bitsʼaʼ yił Daniyéehii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="навахо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantelloomad" title="Mantelloomad — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mantelloomad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Χιτωνοφόρα — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χιτωνοφόρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добра статија"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicate" title="Tunicate — англиски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tunicate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urochordata" title="Urochordata — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Urochordata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunikulo" title="Tunikulo — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tunikulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunikadun" title="Tunikadun — баскиски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tunikadun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B2%D8%AF%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="آبدزدک دریایی — персиски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبدزدک دریایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicata" title="Tunicata — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tunicata" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicata" title="Tunicata — ирски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tunicata" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicados" title="Tunicados — галициски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tunicados" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галициски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%82%AD%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="피낭동물 — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피낭동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Պարեգոտավորներ — ерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարեգոտավորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="सचोली — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सचोली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pla%C5%A1tenjaci" title="Plaštenjaci — хрватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plaštenjaci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunikata" title="Tunikata — индонезиски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tunikata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicata" title="Tunicata — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tunicata" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicata" title="Tunicata — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tunicata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%91" title="מיתרני זנב — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיתרני זנב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urochordata" title="Urochordata — јавански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Urochordata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="јавански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გარსიანები — грузиски" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გარსიანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қабықтылар — казашки" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қабықтылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicata" title="Tunicata — корнски" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tunicata" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicata" title="Tunicata — латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tunicata" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunik%C4%81ti" title="Tunikāti — латвиски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tunikāti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaubtagyviai" title="Gaubtagyviai — литвански" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gaubtagyviai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urochordata" title="Urochordata — лигурски" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Urochordata" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="лигурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicato" title="Tunicato — лингва франка нова" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tunicato" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="лингва франка нова" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C5%91gerinch%C3%BArosok" title="Előgerinchúrosok — унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Előgerinchúrosok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="غلاليات — египетски арапски" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="غلاليات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="египетски арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunikat" title="Tunikat — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tunikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manteldieren" title="Manteldieren — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Manteldieren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BE%E7%B4%A2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="尾索動物 — јапонски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="尾索動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manteldiarten" title="Manteldiarten — севернофризиски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Manteldiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="севернофризиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappedyr" title="Kappedyr — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kappedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappedyr" title="Kappedyr — норвешки нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kappedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвешки нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urochordata" title="Urochordata — окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Urochordata" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urookoordaataa_(firfira_galaanaa)" title="Urookoordaataa (firfira galaanaa) — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Urookoordaataa (firfira galaanaa)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C5%82onice" title="Osłonice — полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osłonice" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicados" title="Tunicados — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tunicados" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicieri" title="Tunicieri — романски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tunicieri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="романски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Оболочники — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оболочники" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicate" title="Tunicate — шкотски германски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tunicate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шкотски германски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunicate" title="Tunicate — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tunicate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%A1%C5%A1%C5%A5ovce_(tax%C3%B3n)" title="Plášťovce (taxón) — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Plášťovce (taxón)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pla%C5%A1%C4%8Darji" title="Plaščarji — словенечки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Plaščarji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Плашташи — српски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плашташи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="српски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaippael%C3%A4imet" title="Vaippaeläimet — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vaippaeläimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manteldjur" title="Manteldjur — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Manteldjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urochordata" title="Urochordata — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Urochordata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="கடற்குடுவை — тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கடற்குடுவை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Личинка-хордалылар — татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Личинка-хордалылар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE" title="యూరో కార్డేటా — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యూరో కార్డేటా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ยูโรคอร์ดาตา — тајландски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูโรคอร์ดาตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тајландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulumlular" title="Tulumlular — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tulumlular" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Покривники — украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Покривники" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_ng%C3%A0nh_S%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%91u%C3%B4i" title="Phân ngành Sống đuôi — виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phân ngành Sống đuôi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urochordata" title="Urochordata — варајски" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Urochordata" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%9B%8A%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%97%A8" title="被囊动物亚门 — ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="被囊动物亚门" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%9B%8A%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="被囊動物 — кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="被囊動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%9B%8A%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%97%A8" title="被囊动物亚门 — кинески" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="被囊动物亚门" data-language-autonym="中文" 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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tunicata" hreflang="en"><span>Ризница</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tunicata" hreflang="en"><span>Викивидови</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q165118" title="Врска до поврзаниот предмет во складиштето за податоци [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Предмет на Википодатоци</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Алатки за страници"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Изглед"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Изглед</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">премести во страничникот</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриј</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Од Википедија — слободната енциклопедија</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mk" dir="ltr"><div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: pink">Туникати </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Bluebell_tunicates_Nick_Hobgood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bluebell_tunicates_Nick_Hobgood.jpg/250px-Bluebell_tunicates_Nick_Hobgood.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bluebell_tunicates_Nick_Hobgood.jpg/375px-Bluebell_tunicates_Nick_Hobgood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bluebell_tunicates_Nick_Hobgood.jpg/500px-Bluebell_tunicates_Nick_Hobgood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2415" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%95%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сино ѕвонче (страницата не постои)">Сино ѕвонче</a> (<i>Clavelina moluccensis</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: pink"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Научна класификација">Научна класификација</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Царство: </td> <td><span class="царство" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Животни">Животни</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Колено: </td> <td><span class="колено" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Хордови">Хордови</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Потколено: </td> <td><span class="потколено" style="white-space:nowrap;"><b>Urochordata</b></span><br /><small>Giribet et al., 2000</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: pink"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Класа (биологија)">Класи</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascidiacea">Ascidiacea</a> (2.300 видови)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Thaliacea" title="Thaliacea">Thaliacea</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Appendicularia" class="mw-redirect" title="Appendicularia">Appendicularia</a> (<i>Larvacea</i>)<br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorberacea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorberacea (страницата не постои)">Sorberacea</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <p><b>Плаштари</b> или <b>туникати</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биномна номенклатура">науч.</a> <i>Tunicata</i> или <i>Urochordata</i>) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Потколено">потколено</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Животни">животни</a> кои се членови на истоимениот поттип на примитивни морски <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Хордови">хордови</a>. Постојат околу 2000 познати видови. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ларва">Ларвалниот</a> стадиум на овие животни се одликува со присуство на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нотохорд (страницата не постои)">нотохорд</a> и грбно <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Нерв">нервно</a> стебло, кои отсуствуваат кај возрасната единка. Возрасниот организам се одликува со слој на заштитна секреција околу телото наречена <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Туника (страницата не постои)">туника</a> (оттука и името на поттипот), која се состои главно од <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Белковина">белковината</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Туницин (страницата не постои)">туницин</a>. Плаштарите се чести во живеалишта како што се карпестите брегови, но можат да се најдат и во големи длабочини. Видовите познати како <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Асцидија">асцидии</a> сочинуваат една класа во поттипот, а всушност и повеќето плаштари спаѓаат во оваа класа. Плаштарите се важни бидејќи се врска помеѓу <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Безрбетници">без‘рбетниците</a> и <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%98%D0%A0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="‘Рбетници">‘рбетниците</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Одлики_на_ларвената_и_возрасната_единка"><span id=".D0.9E.D0.B4.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B7.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Одлики на ларвената и возрасната единка</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уреди го одделот „Одлики на ларвената и возрасната единка“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Одлики на ларвената и возрасната единка"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ларвалниот стадиум, кој најмногу личи на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Полноглавец (страницата не постои)">полноглавец</a>, има грбно нервно стебло заштитено во нотохорд, потоа мозок (односно <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ганглија">ганглија</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Жабри">жабри</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Крвни садови">крвни садови</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Целом (страницата не постои)">целом</a> (секундарна телесна празнина). Овие одлики на ларвата на плаштарите укажуваат на тоа дека оваа група е повеќе поврзана со хордовите отколку со без‘рбетниците. Слободнопливачката ларва се прикачува себеси за супстрат и поминува низ процес на видоизменување во возрасната форма, губејќи ги притоа повеќето од сличностите со повишите животни. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Larva_ascidia-key.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Larva_ascidia-key.svg/400px-Larva_ascidia-key.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Larva_ascidia-key.svg/600px-Larva_ascidia-key.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Larva_ascidia-key.svg/800px-Larva_ascidia-key.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Градба на ларва од асцидија: <b>1</b> - влезен сифон, <b>2</b> - адхезивни папили, <b>3</b> - жабрени цепнатинки, <b>4</b> - желудник, <b>5</b> - црево, <b>6</b> - нотохорд, <b>7</b> - нервна цевка, <b>8</b> - атријална (клоакална) празнина, <b>9</b> - излезен сифон (атриопора).</figcaption></figure> <p>Возрасната единка обично претставува седентарно животно кое поседува целосен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Систем за варење">дигестивен систем</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Срце">срце</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Циркулаторен систем">циркулаторен систем</a>, жабрена мрежа и редуциран <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Нервен систем">нервен систем</a>. Прекриена е со туника. Вазновидното животно има два сифона - еден кој дозволува водата да навлегува во телесната празнина и другиот низ кој водата излегува надвор. Водата поминува низ филтерски апарат кој ги заробува малите хранливи честички и ги предава на желудникот. Мрежестата жабрена торба го екстрахира <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">кислородот</a> од водата како што таа минува низ неа. Повеќето плаштари се <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Хермафродит">хермафродити</a>, но некои пливачки видови, како <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Салпа">салпите</a>, се размножуваат и полово и бесполово (смена на генерации). Колониите може да се образуваат по пат на бесполово размножување, а некои видови образуваат заеднички одводен сифон. Една класа на мали, ларвовидни плаштари се храни со помош на сложена мукозна "куќичка" која го обиколува телото. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Таксономија"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Таксономија</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уреди го одделот „Таксономија“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Таксономија"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Плаштарите го сочинуваат поттипот <i>Tunicata</i> во типот <i>Chordata</i>. Асцидиите ја сочинуваат класата <i>Ascidiacea</i>, а салпите спаѓаат во класата <i>Thaliacea</i>. Ларвовидните плаштари кои се хранат со помош на мукозната куќичка ја сочинуваат класата <i>Larvacea</i>. </p></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Преземено од „<a dir="ltr" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Плаштари&oldid=5102165">https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Плаштари&oldid=5102165</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специјална:Категории">Категорија</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Категорија:Плаштари">Плаштари</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скриена категорија: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Категорија:Статии со микроформати за вид">Статии со микроформати за вид</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Последната промена на страницава е извршена на 14 ноември 2023 г. во 11:01 ч.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текстот е достапен под условите на лиценцата <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Криејтив комонс Наведи извор-Сподели под исти услови</a>. 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