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<li id="toc-Planted_Chinju_no_Mori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planted_Chinju_no_Mori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Planted Chinju no Mori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planted_Chinju_no_Mori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vegetation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese sacred forest</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sasayama1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sasayama1.JPG/300px-Sasayama1.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sasayama1.JPG/450px-Sasayama1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sasayama1.JPG/600px-Sasayama1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>A forest of Shinto shrine surrounded by rice paddies (<a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecture" title="Hyōgo Prefecture">Hyōgo Prefecture</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamba-Sasayama" title="Tamba-Sasayama">Tamba Sasayama City</a>, Kawakita, Kasuga Shrine). Similar landscapes are still widely found in rice-growing areas in Japan.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Chinju-no-mori</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鎮守の森</span></span>)</span> are <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a> established and maintained in or around shrines (<a href="/wiki/Chinjugami" title="Chinjugami">Chinjugami</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, surrounding <a href="/wiki/Temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Temples">temples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%8D" title="Sandō">Sando</a>, and places of worship.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meaning">Meaning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinju_no_Mori&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Meaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chinju no mori refers to the <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">Forest</a> that surrounded many <a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">Shinto shrine</a><i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> The character for <b>mori</b> is often used. In some cases, the word shrine is written and read as mori, suggesting that <a href="/wiki/Shrine_Shinto" title="Shrine Shinto">Shrine Shinto</a> was derived from <a href="/wiki/Ko-Shint%C5%8D" title="Ko-Shintō">Koshinto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The character <i>mori</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">杜</span></span>)</span> is often used in the names of Shrines. In this case it refers to a place where a <i>kami</i> is present.<sup id="cite_ref-IK_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IK-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can therefore be a shrine and, in fact, the characters 神社, 社 and 杜 can all be read "mori" ("grove").<sup id="cite_ref-BT43_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT43-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reading is present in the <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB" title="Man'yōshū">Man'yōshū</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-BT43_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT43-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reading reflects the fact the first shrines were simply <a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">sacred groves</a> or Chinju no Mori where <i>kami</i> were present.<sup id="cite_ref-BT43_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT43-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern Shinto, the <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">shintai</a> of shrine Shinto is understood to be the <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a>, such as the main hall and <a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture" title="Shinto architecture">Shinto architecture</a>, which are covered with <a href="/wiki/Shimenawa" title="Shimenawa">shimenawa</a>, and the surrounding forests are understood to be the chinju-no-mori. In <a href="/wiki/Koshinto" class="mw-redirect" title="Koshinto">Koshinto</a>, which is the original source of <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">shinto</a>, there are <a href="/wiki/Himorogi" title="Himorogi">Himorogi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iwakura_(Yorishiro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwakura (Yorishiro)">Iwakura</a>, forests, land covered with forests, mountains (such as <a href="/wiki/Mount_Fuji" title="Mount Fuji">Mount Fuji</a>, etc.), megaliths, <a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">seas</a>, <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a> (characteristic places such as <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reefs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">waterfalls</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a> itself is an object of faith. In many shrine precincts and in the mountains, trees with distinctive trunks and branches and large trees are worshipped as <a href="/wiki/Shinboku" title="Shinboku">sacred trees</a>. </p><p>Most Shinto shrines were originally built in such a Shinto shrine or on the border between the <a href="/wiki/Tokoyo_no_kuni" title="Tokoyo no kuni">everlasting world</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Present_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Present world">present world</a>, where there is a sacred stone or rock. In the same way as in the ancient Shinto religion, shrines like <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmiwa_Shrine" title="Ōmiwa Shrine">Omiwa Shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a>, which worships <a href="/wiki/Mount_Miwa" title="Mount Miwa">Mount Miwa</a>, the mountain itself is considered the <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">Shintai</a>. Some shrines do not even have a main shrine or a <a href="/wiki/Honden" title="Honden">Honden</a>, and some use forests and <a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">hills</a> as their sacred objects, thus preserving the ancient Shinto religion, which is also known as <a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">nature worship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">spirit worship</a> in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Akira_Miyawaki" title="Akira Miyawaki">Akira Miyawaki</a>, "chinju no mori" is used as an academic term by the International Society of Vegetation Science. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planted_Chinju_no_Mori">Planted Chinju no Mori</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinju_no_Mori&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Planted Chinju no Mori"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Afforestation_in_Japan" title="Afforestation in Japan">Afforestation in Japan</a></div> <p>Contrary to these examples, there are also examples of Chinju no Mori forests created for shrines via <a href="/wiki/Afforestation" title="Afforestation">Afforestation</a>. The most famous example is <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Shrine" title="Meiji Shrine">Meiji Shrine</a>. Some trees were brought in as donations from <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan (island)">Taiwan</a> and other countries, but the basic policy is to give consideration to the vegetation (<a href="/wiki/Potential_natural_vegetation" title="Potential natural vegetation">potential natural vegetation</a>) that should originally exist in the area, and the forest was planned to look like a natural shrine forest through natural renewal in the future. The plan is designed to make the forest look like a natural township forest through natural renewal in the future. In addition, when <a href="/wiki/Kasugayama_Primeval_Forest" title="Kasugayama Primeval Forest">Kasugayama Primeval Forest</a> was registered as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, this point was taken into consideration and it was designated as a cultural heritage site instead of a natural heritage site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegetation">Vegetation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinju_no_Mori&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vegetation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is believed that the township forests have been preserved as such since ancient times. Therefore, its forest vegetation is considered to have preserved the original <a href="/wiki/Vegetation" title="Vegetation">vegetation</a> of the area, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Potential_natural_vegetation" title="Potential natural vegetation">original vegetation</a>. Today, when the surrounding nature is often destroyed, township forests are often one of the few clues to the former nature of the area. For this reason, in <a href="/wiki/Forest_ecology" title="Forest ecology">Forest ecology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the township forests are emphasized, called <b>shrine forests</b> or <b>shrine and temple forests</b>, and are often the subject of surveys. In many cases, they are confirmed to be valuable in the process and are protected as <a href="/wiki/Natural_monument" title="Natural monument">natural monuments</a> or the like. In this sense, the forests associated with <a href="/wiki/Utaki" title="Utaki">Utaki</a> in <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a> are similar. </p><p>However, it should not be assumed that the old vegetation has been completely preserved. If the surrounding area is developed and only the chinju forest remains in isolation, the originally wide and continuous vegetation will have been cut into small pieces. As a result, the area will become smaller, and it is very possible that some species will not be able to maintain their <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a> as a result. The topography of the area may not include areas along mountain streams, and many areas will be lost from the communities that existed in ancient times. This will also cause aridification and other changes. Some areas are changed by such changes, and some species are newly invaded. For example, <a href="/wiki/Camphora_officinarum" title="Camphora officinarum">camphora</a>, which is often seen in shrines, is not thought to have originally been found in the forests of central and southern Japan. Also, <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous trees</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Zelkova_serrata" title="Zelkova serrata">Keyaki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aphananthe_aspera" title="Aphananthe aspera">Mucunoki</a> should not occur much in the <a href="/wiki/Climax_community" title="Climax community">climax community</a> south of the plains in central <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>. </p><p>Furthermore, in such fragmented vegetation, the <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a> that live there often do not have enough room to move around to maintain their populations, and the animal communities are thought to be more degraded than the plant communities. Since many plants require specific animals for <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a> vectoring, <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a> dispersal, etc., it can be said that the degradation of animal communities is related to the transformation of the vegetation itself in various ways. </p><p>Direct human disturbance also takes place. Often, non-wild plants are planted in the precincts. Also, when a tree falls in the forest, the gap created by the fall (in ecological terms <a href="/wiki/Gap_dynamics" title="Gap dynamics">gap</a>) is often filled by planting <a href="/wiki/Cryptomeria" title="Cryptomeria">cedar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chamaecyparis_obtusa" title="Chamaecyparis obtusa">cypress</a>. There are reports of advanced use of forest resources in the precincts as early as the early modern period. <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。In recent years, some forests have been undercut and raked for leaves, but this kind of maintenance is not necessary, and if done in natural forests, it can lead to increased devastation. In addition, forests are often cut off from their surroundings or mowed around them due to road expansions, etc. In such cases, the forests are often destroyed by clumps or mantle communities. In such cases, forests that have lost their mantle and sod communities are prone to drying out of the forest floor, which can lead to devastation. In addition, concrete spraying is increasingly used for restoration of these areas, which is an easy and inexpensive method that does not allow for natural recovery. </p><p>Nevertheless, unlike so-called <a href="/wiki/Satoyama" title="Satoyama">satoyamas</a>, these forests are familiar to people, but they are treated differently from forests that are tended to for human use, and they continue to have a certain presence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decline">Decline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinju_no_Mori&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jinja_g%C5%8Dshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinja gōshi">Jinja gōshi</a></div> <p>In modern times, the belief in <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">shinto</a> deities has become more abstract, and the reverence for the dense forests of Shinto shrines has waned, with many believers, such as <a href="/wiki/Ujigami" title="Ujigami">Ujiko</a>, not necessarily considering them necessary. While there are examples where the core shrine is so revered that the shrine forest is maintained (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Shrine" title="Meiji Shrine">Meiji Jingu</a> mentioned above, as well as <a href="/wiki/Tadasu_no_Mori" title="Tadasu no Mori">Tadasu Forest</a> in Kyoto City), there have been many cases where the shrine forest was cut down to make room for road repairs, agricultural and residential land development, and public facilities such as daycare centers. In particular, in urban areas, forests were often cut down. In some cases, especially in urban areas, forests have been completely lost. There are shrines that consist entirely of torii gates and main shrines, and the original meaning of shrines based on nature worship has been greatly diminished. </p><p>As far back as before the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji (era)">Meiji</a> era, there were shrines of various sizes in each village, and many of them had a forest for their Shinto shrine. This was greatly reduced by the so-called <a href="/wiki/Jinja_g%C5%8Dshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinja gōshi">Jinja gōshi</a> decree. As a result, many shrines were abolished, and at the same time, their guardian forests were cut down. <a href="/wiki/Minakata_Kumagusu" title="Minakata Kumagusu">Minakata Kumagusu</a> has been opposed to <a href="/wiki/Shrine_merging" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine merging">Shrine merging</a> since that time, fearing the large-scale destruction of nature that would result from this logging. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jinja_g%C5%8Dshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinja gōshi">Jinja gōshi</a> was intended to incorporate indigenous beliefs into <a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a> by organizing only one shrine per administrative village, but one theory suggests that the purpose was to gain concessions on the <a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">wood</a> resources or by-products (<a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">camphor</a>, etc.) of this process. It is also said that the purpose was to acquire the wood resources or by-products (such as <a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">camphor</a>). In particular, there are many large camphor trees and <a href="/wiki/Machilus_thunbergii" title="Machilus thunbergii">tabunoki</a> in shrines in central Honshu and southward, and there is a theory that these trees may have been treated at a high price. </p><p>On a more minor note, large plants of <a href="/wiki/Vanda_falcata" title="Vanda falcata">furan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dendrobium_moniliforme" title="Dendrobium moniliforme">sekkok</a>, which used to be common on sacred trees in shrines, are rarely seen anymore due to the wildflower boom. There was a similar case in the past, when <a href="/wiki/Minakata_Kumagusu" title="Minakata Kumagusu">Minakata Kumagusu</a> found a large plant of a magnificent epiphytic orchid at a shrine in <a href="/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecture" title="Wakayama Prefecture">Wakayama Prefecture</a>, and happily explained it to the <a href="/wiki/Kannushi" title="Kannushi">kannushi</a>, who promoted it to the fullest. The goddess was very pleased with it and explained it to him. The priest was very angry with him, saying, "How dare you advertise something so rare in such a way? It will be stolen." He was angry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revaluation_and_restoration">Revaluation and restoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinju_no_Mori&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Revaluation and restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>, widespread deforestation took place as part of national land development, separate from the <a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">state Shinto</a> religion. This led to increased reflection on the consequences of excessive development, <a href="/wiki/Rural_flight" title="Rural flight">depopulation</a>, and land shortage in the aftermath of the collapse of the bubble economy. This resulted in the rise of the <a href="/wiki/National_trust" title="National trust">national trust movement</a> and other initiatives aimed at preserving and restoring forests and green spaces. The <a href="/wiki/National_trust" title="National trust">national trust movement</a> has been successful in its efforts to conserve and rehabilitate forests and other vegetation. In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a>, there has also been a push to maintain and restore the forests affected by the disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinju_no_Mori&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinjugami" title="Chinjugami">Chinjugami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinjusha" title="Chinjusha">Chinjusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satoyama" title="Satoyama">Satoyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko-Shint%C5%8D" title="Ko-Shintō">Ko-Shintō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinboku" title="Shinboku">Shinboku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himorogi" title="Himorogi">Himorogi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shimenawa" title="Shimenawa">Shimenawa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_sema" title="Bai sema">Bai sema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minakata_Kumagusu" title="Minakata Kumagusu">Minakata Kumagusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_natural_vegetation" title="Potential natural vegetation">Potential natural vegetation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Miyawaki" title="Akira Miyawaki">Akira Miyawaki</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinju_no_Mori&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKotera2021" class="citation web cs1">Kotera, Yasuhiro (2021-12-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theearthandi.org/post/sacred-forests-the-ecological-power-of-reverence">"Sacred Forests: The Ecological Power of Reverence"</a>. <i>The Earth & I</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Earth+%26+I&rft.atitle=Sacred+Forests%3A+The+Ecological+Power+of+Reverence&rft.date=2021-12-23&rft.aulast=Kotera&rft.aufirst=Yasuhiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theearthandi.org%2Fpost%2Fsacred-forests-the-ecological-power-of-reverence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinju+no+Mori" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcworld.org/faiths331a.html?pageID=127">"ARC - Faiths and ecology - Shinto forestry"</a>. <i>www.arcworld.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.arcworld.org&rft.atitle=ARC+-+Faiths+and+ecology+-+Shinto+forestry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcworld.org%2Ffaiths331a.html%3FpageID%3D127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinju+no+Mori" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=9944">"Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細"</a>. <i>國學院大學デジタルミュージアム</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+of+Shinto%E8%A9%B3%E7%B4%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp%2Feos%2Fdetail%2F%3Fid%3D9944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinju+no+Mori" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wisata.app/en-us/diary/chinju-no-mori-temple-of-the-guardian-of-the-forest">"Chinju no Mori: The Guardian of the Forest Shrine"</a>. <i>Wisata App</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wisata+App&rft.atitle=Chinju+no+Mori%3A+The+Guardian+of+the+Forest+Shrine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwisata.app%2Fen-us%2Fdiary%2Fchinju-no-mori-temple-of-the-guardian-of-the-forest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinju+no+Mori" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gentleearth.org/Chinju-English.htm">"Chinju-no-Mori"</a>. <i>www.gentleearth.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gentleearth.org&rft.atitle=Chinju-no-Mori&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gentleearth.org%2FChinju-English.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinju+no+Mori" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hokora" title="Hokora">祠</a>を含む小さな神社で、神殿のすぐ隣まで人家などが建てられている神社は除く。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813050315/http://www.misogi.jp/shisetsu.html「身曾岐神社">「みそぎ神社」建物・施設紹介</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IK-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IK_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iwanami <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Djien" title="Kōjien">Kōjien</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">広辞苑</span></span>)</span> Japanese dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BT43-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BT43_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT43_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT43_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sonoda Minoru in <i>Breen, Teeuwen</i> (2000:43)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091121082302/http://www.munakata-taisha.or.jp/html/gyoji_kannabisai.html「宗像大社-公式ホームページ">神奈備祭について</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AD%E5%A3%B2%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="読売新聞">読売新聞</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2009%E5%B9%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009年 (page does not exist)">2009年</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=1%E6%9C%8810%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1月10日 (page does not exist)">1月10日</a> 12版6面 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E7%94%B0%E9%A4%8A%E8%9C%82%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山田養蜂場 (page does not exist)">山田養蜂場</a>の全面広告</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160830172036/http://www.plantatree.gr.jp/academie/essay-miyawaki-akira-01.html">「木を植える-21世紀の鎮守の森を目指して-」</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%AE%E8%84%87%E6%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宮脇昭 (page does not exist)">宮脇昭</a>、<a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">NPO</a> PLANT A TREE PLANT LOVEサイト</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">鳴海邦匡・小林茂「近世以降の神社林の景観変化」歴史地理学48-1、<a href="/w/index.php?title=2006%E5%B9%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006年 (page does not exist)">2006年</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morinoproject.com/">鎮守の森プロジェクト</a>（2018年5月19日閲覧）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saga-s.co.jp/articles/-/189651">鎮守の森を再びシャクナゲなど130本植樹二里町大里地区住民</a>『<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佐賀新聞 (page does not exist)">佐賀新聞</a>』LiVE（2018年3月7日）2018年5月19日閲覧</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinju_no_Mori&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~nippon/jogbd_h17/jog390.html">国柄探訪：「鎮守の森」を世界へ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220518052950/http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/%257enippon/jogbd_h17/jog390.html">Archived</a> 2022-05-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shinto_shrines" title="Template:Shinto shrines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shinto_shrines" title="Template talk:Shinto shrines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shinto_shrines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shinto shrines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shinto_shrines150" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Shinto shrines</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b0000f;background:#FFCCCB;"><div id="Shinto_architecture150" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture" title="Shinto architecture">Shinto architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzuya" title="Chōzuya">chōzu or temizu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haiden_(Shinto)" title="Haiden (Shinto)">Haiden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heiden_(Shinto)" title="Heiden (Shinto)">Heiden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hokora" title="Hokora">hokora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honden" title="Honden">honden / shinden / shōden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kagura-den" title="Kagura-den">kagura-den</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">setsumatsusha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architectonic elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinjusha" title="Chinjusha">Chinjusha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chigi_(architecture)" title="Chigi (architecture)">chigi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_roof" title="Hidden roof">hidden roof</a></i></li> <li><i>kaerumata: see <a href="/wiki/Nakazonae" title="Nakazonae">nakazonae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kair%C5%8D" title="Kairō">kairō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karahafu" title="Karahafu">karahafu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karamon" title="Karamon">karamon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kat%C5%8Dmado" title="Katōmado">katōmado</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katsuogi" title="Katsuogi">katsuogi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komainu#Foxes_at_Inari_shrines" title="Komainu">kitsune (fox)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komainu" title="Komainu">komainu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mon_(architecture)" title="Mon (architecture)">mon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nakazonae" title="Nakazonae">nakazonae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinboku" title="Shinboku">shinboku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" title="Shōrō">shōrō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Drin" title="Sōrin">sōrin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamagaki" title="Tamagaki">tamagaki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toky%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyō">tokyō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">torii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōrō">tōrō</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hirairi" title="Hirairi">hirairi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsumairi" title="Tsumairi">tsumairi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hachiman-zukuri" title="Hachiman-zukuri">hachiman-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi-zukuri" title="Hiyoshi-zukuri">hiyoshi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irimoya" class="mw-redirect" title="Irimoya">irimoya-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ishi-no-ma-zukuri" title="Ishi-no-ma-zukuri">ishi-no-ma-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kasuga-zukuri" title="Kasuga-zukuri">kasuga-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kibitsu-zukuri" title="Kibitsu-zukuri">kibitsu-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#Misedana-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">misedana-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nagare-zukuri" title="Nagare-zukuri">nagare-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#.C5.8Ctori-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">ōtori-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#Owari-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">owari-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nagare-zukuri" title="Nagare-zukuri">ryōnagare-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinmei-zukuri" title="Shinmei-zukuri">shinmei-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumiyoshi-zukuri" title="Sumiyoshi-zukuri">sumiyoshi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taisha-zukuri" title="Taisha-zukuri">taisha-zukuri</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%8D" title="Sandō">Sandō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saisen" title="Saisen">Saisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomoe" title="Tomoe">Tomoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimenawa" title="Shimenawa">Shimenawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b0000f;background:#FFCCCB;"><div id="Others150" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Others</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_(Shinto)" title="An (Shinto)">An</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzubachi" title="Chōzubachi">Chōzubachi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzuya" title="Chōzuya">Chōzuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakama" title="Hakama">Hakama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himorogi" title="Himorogi">Himorogi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8De" title="Jōe">Jōe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kagura_suzu" title="Kagura suzu">Kagura suzu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omiki" title="Omiki">O-miki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnusa" title="Ōnusa">Ō-nusa</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gohei" title="Gohei">Gohei</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sanbo" title="Sanbo">Sanbo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shide_(Shinto)" title="Shide (Shinto)">Shide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinsen" title="Shinsen">Shinsen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suzu_(bell)" title="Suzu (bell)">Suzu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamagushi" title="Tamagushi">Tamagushi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masakaki" title="Masakaki">Masakaki</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washi" title="Washi">Washi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine#Shrine_networks" title="Shinto shrine">Head shrines</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fushimi_Inari-taisha" title="Fushimi Inari-taisha">Fushimi Inari Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inari_%C5%8Ckami" title="Inari Ōkami">Inari Ōkami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_shrine" title="Inari shrine">Inari shrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usa_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Usa Shrine">Usa Hachiman-gū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachiman" title="Hachiman">Hachiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachiman_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachiman Shrine">Hachiman Shrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ise_Grand_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ise Grand Shrine">Ise Grand Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Jingūkyō">Jingūkyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingu_Taima" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingu Taima">Jingu Taima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinmei_shrines" title="Shinmei shrines">Shinmei shrines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazaifu_Tenman-g%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dazaifu Tenman-gū">Dazaifu Tenman-gū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenjin_(kami)" title="Tenjin (kami)">Tenjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenmang%C5%AB" title="Tenmangū">Tenmangū</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munakata_Taisha" title="Munakata Taisha">Munakata Taisha</a> <ul><li>daughters of Amaterasu</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Taisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwa Taisha">Suwa Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takeminakata" title="Takeminakata">Takeminakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotoshironushi" title="Kotoshironushi">Kotoshironushi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi_Taisha" title="Hiyoshi Taisha">Hiyoshi Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyamakui_no_Kami" title="Oyamakui no Kami">Oyamakui no Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sann%C5%8D_torii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sannō torii">Sannō torii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sann%C5%8D_Ichijitsu_Shint%C5%8D" title="Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō">Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Nachi_Taisha" title="Kumano Nachi Taisha">Kumano Nachi Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Kod%C5%8D" title="Kumano Kodō">Kumano Kodō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumano Sanzan">Kumano Sanzan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsushima_Shrine" title="Tsushima Shrine">Tsushima Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gion_cult" title="Gion cult">Gion cult</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasaka_Shrine" title="Yasaka Shrine">Yasaka Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gion_cult" title="Gion cult">Gion cult</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutelary deities">Tutelary deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujigami" title="Ujigami">Ujigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinjugami" title="Chinjugami">Chinjugami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garanshin" class="mw-redirect" title="Garanshin">Garanshin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dsojin" title="Dōsojin">Dōsojin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinushigami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinushigami">Jinushigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama-no-Kami" class="mw-redirect" title="Yama-no-Kami">Yama-no-Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyagami" title="Oyagami">Oyagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorei" title="Sorei">Sorei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubusunagami" title="Ubusunagami">Ubusunagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunitama" title="Kunitama">Kunitama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yorishiro" title="Yorishiro">Yorishiro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">Shintai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinto mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinboku" title="Shinboku">Shinboku</a> (trees)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinju no Mori</a> (forests)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwakura_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwakura rocks">Iwakura</a> (rocks) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Meoto_Iwa" title="Meoto Iwa">Meoto Iwa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannabi" title="Kannabi">Kannabi</a> (locations)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katashiro" title="Katashiro">Katashiro</a> (dolls)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadomatsu" title="Kadomatsu">Kadomatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunrei" title="Bunrei">Bunrei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanj%C5%8D" title="Kanjō">Kanjō</a> (propagation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofuda" title="Ofuda">Ofuda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingu_Taima" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingu Taima">Jingu Taima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omamori" title="Omamori">Omamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senjafuda" title="Senjafuda">Senjafuda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arahitogami" title="Arahitogami">Arahitogami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoshi" title="Mikoshi">Mikoshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsuri_float" title="Matsuri float">Matsuri float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinko-shiki" title="Shinko-shiki">Shinko-shiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kannushi" title="Kannushi">Kannushi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miko" title="Miko">Miko</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A-un" class="mw-redirect" title="A-un">A-un</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanjo_Nawa" title="Kanjo Nawa">Kanjo Nawa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Junrei" title="Junrei">Junrei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Misaki" title="Misaki">Misaki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miyamairi" title="Miyamairi">Miyamairi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinshi" title="Shinshi">Shinshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Two_Shrines" title="Twenty-Two Shrines">Twenty-Two Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokoku_Shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokoku Shrines">Gokoku Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beppyo_Shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Beppyo Shrines">Beppyo Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinkai_(divine_rank)" title="Shinkai (divine rank)">Shinkai (divine rank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_system_of_ranked_Shinto_shrines" title="Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines">Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engishiki_Jinmyocho" class="mw-redirect" title="Engishiki Jinmyocho">Engishiki Jinmyocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinjusha" title="Chinjusha">Chinjusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">Setsumatsusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokora" title="Hokora">Hokora</a></li> <li>Buddhist elements <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-ji" title="Jingū-ji">jingū-ji</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-ji" title="Jingū-ji">miyadera</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_mounds" title="Whale mounds">Whale mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamidana" title="Kamidana">Kamidana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitamaya" title="Mitamaya">Mitamaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dja_shrine" title="Sōja shrine">Sōja shrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Parishioner_Registration" title="Shrine Parishioner Registration">Shrine Parishioner Registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Shrine_Theory" title="Secular Shrine Theory">Secular Shrine Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Consolidation_Policy" title="Shrine Consolidation Policy">Shrine Consolidation Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Shinto" title="Shrine Shinto">Shrine Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc practices for visitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O-mikuji" title="O-mikuji">Ō-mikuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuin" title="Shuin">Shuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ema_(Shinto)" title="Ema (Shinto)">Ema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinja_Honch%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinja Honchō">Jinja Honchō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futomani" title="Futomani">Futomani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harae" title="Harae">Harae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagura" title="Kagura">Kagura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogi" title="Misogi">Misogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakushu_(Shinto)" title="Hakushu (Shinto)">Hakushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_bows,_two_claps,_one_bow" class="mw-redirect" title="Two bows, two claps, one bow">Two bows, two claps, one bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jichinsai" title="Jichinsai">Jichinsai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" 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