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class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Historical Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_gTLD_Program_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_gTLD_Program_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>New gTLD Program Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_gTLD_Program_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_gTLD_Roadshow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_gTLD_Roadshow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>New gTLD Roadshow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_gTLD_Roadshow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Application_Process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application_Process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Application Process</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Application_Process-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Application Process subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Application_Process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Application_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Application System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Application_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applicant_Support_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applicant_Support_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Applicant Support Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applicant_Support_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opening_of_Application_Window" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_of_Application_Window"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Opening of Application Window</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_of_Application_Window-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TAS_Delays_and_Closing_of_the_Application_Window" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TAS_Delays_and_Closing_of_the_Application_Window"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>TAS Delays and Closing of the Application Window</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TAS_Delays_and_Closing_of_the_Application_Window-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reveal_Day_and_Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reveal_Day_and_Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Reveal Day and Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reveal_Day_and_Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_Comment_and_Objection_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_Comment_and_Objection_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Public Comment and Objection Period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_Comment_and_Objection_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Batching/Drawing_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batching/Drawing_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Batching/Drawing System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batching/Drawing_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delegation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delegation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Delegation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delegation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_Evaluation_Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_Evaluation_Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Initial Evaluation Results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_Evaluation_Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_Developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_Developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Further Developments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_Developments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further Developments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_Developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Closed_Generic_Strings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closed_Generic_Strings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Closed Generic Strings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closed_Generic_Strings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_Concerns_Impede_Delegation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_Concerns_Impede_Delegation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Technical Concerns Impede Delegation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_Concerns_Impede_Delegation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Opposition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opposition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opposition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_gTLD_Senate_and_House_of_Representatives_Hearings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_gTLD_Senate_and_House_of_Representatives_Hearings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>New gTLD Senate and House of Representatives Hearings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_gTLD_Senate_and_House_of_Representatives_Hearings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China's_Permit_Requirement_for_All_New_gTLDs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China's_Permit_Requirement_for_All_New_gTLDs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>China's Permit Requirement for All New gTLDs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China's_Permit_Requirement_for_All_New_gTLDs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Funds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Round_of_the_New_gTLD_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Round_of_the_New_gTLD_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Second Round of the New gTLD Program</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_Round_of_the_New_gTLD_Program-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Second Round of the New gTLD Program subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Second_Round_of_the_New_gTLD_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lawsuits_Over_the_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuits_Over_the_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Lawsuits Over the Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuits_Over_the_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Search_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Search_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Search performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Search_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: .5em; float: right; padding: .5em 0 .8em 1.4em; background: none; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Overview"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Overview</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Historical_Background"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Historical Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#New_gTLD_Program_Committee"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">New gTLD Program Committee</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#New_gTLD_Roadshow"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">New gTLD Roadshow</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Application_Process"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Application Process</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Application_System"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Application System</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Applicant_Support_Program"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Applicant Support Program</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Opening_of_Application_Window"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Opening of Application Window</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#TAS_Delays_and_Closing_of_the_Application_Window"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">TAS Delays and Closing of the Application Window</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Reveal_Day_and_Aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Reveal Day and Aftermath</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Public_Comment_and_Objection_Period"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Public Comment and Objection Period</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Batching/Drawing_System"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Batching/Drawing System</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Delegation"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Delegation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Initial_Evaluation_Results"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Initial Evaluation Results</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Further_Developments"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Further Developments</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Closed_Generic_Strings"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Closed Generic Strings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Technical_Concerns_Impede_Delegation"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Technical Concerns Impede Delegation</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Opposition"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Opposition</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#New_gTLD_Senate_and_House_of_Representatives_Hearings"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">New gTLD Senate and House of Representatives Hearings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#China's_Permit_Requirement_for_All_New_gTLDs"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">China's Permit Requirement for All New gTLDs</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Funds"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Funds</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Second_Round_of_the_New_gTLD_Program"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Second Round of the New gTLD Program</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Lawsuits_Over_the_Program"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lawsuits Over the Program</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Search_performance"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Search performance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The aim of the <b>New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Program</b> is to add an unlimited number of new <a href="/GTLD" class="mw-redirect" title="GTLD">gTLDs</a> to the <a href="/Root_Zone" title="Root Zone">root zone</a> in order to enhance competition, innovation, and consumer choice.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first application round started on January 12, 2012, and ended on April 20, 2012, during which <a href="/New_gTLD_Applicants" class="mw-redirect" title="New gTLD Applicants">applicants</a> applied via the <a href="/TAS" class="mw-redirect" title="TAS">TLD Application System</a> (TAS) to run the registry for the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="c509b3bd238b50a1f6f9f3cfd6cc3d2b">TLD</a> of their choice. The application window was supposed to close on April 12. Due to a glitch, the TAS system was shut down for a period of time before it reopened for a one-week window to allow users to finish their applications.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2012, after the closure of registration for the ICANN New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Program, it was revealed that there were 1,268 applicants in the program.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June, 13th ("Reveal Day"), it was announced that there were 1,930 applications: 84 of these were <a href="/Community_gTLD" class="mw-redirect" title="Community gTLD">community applications</a>, 116 are for <a href="/IDN" class="mw-redirect" title="IDN">IDNs</a>, and 230 of the applications have one or more applicant and will thus go through <a href="/index.php?title=String_Contention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="String Contention (page does not exist)">string contention</a> processes. This means the first round of the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program could create a maximum of 1,409 new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <center>See complete lists of:<br><big><a href="/All_New_gTLD_Applications" title="All New gTLD Applications">All New gTLD Applications</a> - <a href="/New_gTLD_Generic_Applications" title="New gTLD Generic Applications">Generic Applications</a> - <a href="/New_gTLD_Geographic_Applications" title="New gTLD Geographic Applications">Geographic Applications</a> - <a href="/New_gTLD_Brand_Applications" title="New gTLD Brand Applications">Brand Applications</a> <a href="/New_gTLD_IDN_Applications" title="New gTLD IDN Applications">IDN Applications</a></big></center><p><br> </p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Overview"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The different types of new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> applications:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/New_gTLD_Generic_Applications" title="New gTLD Generic Applications">Standard or Generic TLD</a> - under this type of application, the proposed new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> is open to the public for registration. The string does not have any restrictions. These are mostly generic terms, though some applications for generic terms, most notably by <a href="/Amazon" title="Amazon">Amazon</a> and <a href="/Google" title="Google">Google</a> propose restricting the use of the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="c509b3bd238b50a1f6f9f3cfd6cc3d2b">TLD</a> to solely corporate purposes</li> <li><a href="/Community_gTLD" class="mw-redirect" title="Community gTLD">Community TLD</a> - the proposed new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> under this application are restricted to a specific community with a high degree of social awareness. The application should be strongly supported by the community. Examples of community <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a> include: <a href="/.catholic" title=".catholic">.catholic</a>, <a href="/.thai" title=".thai">.thai</a>, <a href="/.aarp" title=".aarp">.aarp</a></li> <li><a href="/New_gTLD_Geographic_Applications" title="New gTLD Geographic Applications">Geographical TLD</a> - This type of application represents a particular city or region; support of the local government is required for these <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a>, examples include: <a href="/.nyc" title=".nyc">.nyc</a>, <a href="/.berlin" title=".berlin">.berlin</a>, <a href="/.tokyo" title=".tokyo">.tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/New_gTLD_Brand_Applications" title="New gTLD Brand Applications">Brand TLD</a> - companies and organizations will be able to apply for their own <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a> using their brand names and trademarks. For example: <a href="/index.php?title=.unicef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".unicef (page does not exist)">.unicef</a>, <a href="/index.php?title=.motorola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".motorola (page does not exist)">.motorola</a>, <a href="/.hitachi" title=".hitachi">.hitachi</a>, <a href="/.deloitte" title=".deloitte">.deloitte</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_Background">Historical Background</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical Background" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historical Background"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>ICANN has been working on adding new extensions for years, and the current "new" <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program is actually the 4th round of <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> expansion. The prior rounds were limited and specific: in 2000 there was a "proof of concept round", a round of <a href="/STLD" class="mw-redirect" title="STLD">sTLDs</a> in 2003, and an ongoing process to introduce <a href="/IDN" class="mw-redirect" title="IDN">IDN</a> <a href="/CcTLD" class="mw-redirect" title="CcTLD">ccTLDs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the results of the 2000 and 2003 expansions of new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a>, a <a href="/PDP" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP">Policy Development Process</a> in connection with the introduction of new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> was developed by the <a href="/Generic_Names_Supporting_Organization" title="Generic Names Supporting Organization">Generic Names Supporting Organization</a> (<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="2f683b5182eb1639ef9b5e7eb65ee54f">GNSO</a>), which lasted from 2005 until 2007. During this Policy Development Process, the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="2f683b5182eb1639ef9b5e7eb65ee54f">GNSO</a> conducted extensive and detailed consultations with all constituencies within the ICANN global internet community. In 2008, 19 Specific Policy Recommendations were adopted by the ICANN Board for the implementation of new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a>, which describe the specifics of allocation and the contractual conditions. ICANN involved the global internet community in an open, inclusive and transparent implementation process to comment, review and provide their input toward creating the Applicant Guidebook for New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a>. The protection of intellectual property, community interests, consumer protection, and DNS stability were addressed during the process. Different versions and multiple drafts of the Applicant Guidebook were released in 2008. By June 2011, the ICANN Board launched the New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Program, at the same time approving the <a href="/Applicant_Guidebook" title="Applicant Guidebook">Applicant Guidebook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Board announced the possibility of a 9th version of the Guidebook in January 2012, but the industry speculated that there was little chance that the changes would be more than clarification, as opposed to new rules and policies.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 9th version was released at the same time the application window opened, and as expected most of the changes were minor. One major change in the 9th version was greater power given to the <a href="/Governmental_Advisory_Committee" title="Governmental Advisory Committee">Governmental Advisory Committee</a> in forcing the <a href="/ICANN_Board" title="ICANN Board">ICANN Board</a> to manually review any application that the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="b7f132971fbcdf8e5cb7da5359c2df83">GAC</a> finds problematic. Exactly how many oppositions within the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="b7f132971fbcdf8e5cb7da5359c2df83">GAC</a> would be necessary to cause Board consultation is vague, but it could be as few as one nation's objection. This change was made following a letter from U.S. Government Secretary <a href="/Larry_Strickling" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Strickling">Larry Strickling</a>, which noted that the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="b7f132971fbcdf8e5cb7da5359c2df83">GAC</a> would have the power to create new procedure after reviewing the entire pool of applications; that letter is further detailed below.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="New_gTLD_Program_Committee">New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Program Committee</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New gTLD Program Committee" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: New gTLD Program Committee"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>On April 10, 2012, the <a href="/ICANN_Board" title="ICANN Board">ICANN Board</a> established the <b><a href="/New_gTLD_Program_Committee" title="New gTLD Program Committee">New gTLD Program Committee</a>,</b> which shall be responsible for "all legal and decision making authority of the Board related to the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program" under its charter. However, other responsibilities related to the program that are prohibited from being delegated under Article XII, Section 2 of the ICANN Bylaws are excluded.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current members are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/Cherine_Chalaby" title="Cherine Chalaby">Cherine Chalaby</a> (Chair)</li> <li><a href="/Fadi_Chehade" class="mw-redirect" title="Fadi Chehade">Fadi Chehade</a> (Member)</li> <li><a href="/Chris_Disspain" title="Chris Disspain">Chris Disspain</a> (Member)</li> <li><a href="/Bill_Graham" title="Bill Graham">Bill Graham</a> (Member)</li> <li><a href="/Alexander_Svensson" title="Alexander Svensson">Alexander_Svensson</a> (Member)</li> <li><a href="/Gonzalo_Navarro" title="Gonzalo Navarro">Gonzalo Navarro</a> (Member)</li> <li><a href="/Ray_Plzak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Plzak">Ray Plzak</a> (Member)</li> <li><a href="/George_Sadowsky" title="George Sadowsky">George Sadowsky</a> (Member)</li> <li><a href="/Michael_Silber" title="Michael Silber">Michael Silber</a> (Member)</li> <li><a href="/Kuo-Wei_Wu" title="Kuo-Wei Wu">Kuo-Wei Wu</a> (Member)</li> <li><a href="/Heather_Dryden" title="Heather Dryden">Heather Dryden</a> (Non Voting Liaison)</li> <li><a href="/Jonne_Soininen" title="Jonne Soininen">Jonne Soininen</a> (Non Voting Liaison)</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="New_gTLD_Roadshow">New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Roadshow</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New gTLD Roadshow" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: New gTLD Roadshow"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In order to draw awareness to the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program, <a href="/ICANN_CEO" title="ICANN CEO">ICANN CEO</a> <a href="/Rod_Beckstrom" title="Rod Beckstrom">Rod Beckstrom</a> embarked on a world tour beginning in September, 2011 and concluding in December.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tour saw him personally visit 16 countries, while other staff and board members visited an additional 22 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The publicity was also picked up by major news outlets such as CNN, Al-Jazeera, the BBC, The New York Times, and others; some of the coverage of the roadshow was negative of the New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Program. The roadshow was seen as a success by few outside of the actual organization, as many countries and corporations continued to misunderstand the program or know little to nothing about it at all.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A letter sent by <a href="/Larry_Strickling" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Strickling">Larry Strickling</a>, of the U.S. <a href="/Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a>, to <a href="/index.php?title=ICANN_Chair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICANN Chair (page does not exist)">ICANN Chair</a> <a href="/Steve_Crocker" title="Steve Crocker">Steve Crocker</a> a week prior to the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program's launch in January, 2012, chastised ICANN's failure to educate major brands and concerned parties.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Application_Process">Application Process</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Application Process" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Application Process"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Application_System">Application System</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Application System" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Application System"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article: <a href="/TAS" class="mw-redirect" title="TAS">TAS</a></i></dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Applicant_Support_Program">Applicant Support Program</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Applicant Support Program" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Applicant Support Program"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article: <a href="/index.php?title=ASP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP (page does not exist)">ASP</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The Applicant Support Program (ASP) is a program that was conceptualized by the <a href="/index.php?title=JASWG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JASWG (page does not exist)">Joint Applicant Support Working Group</a> (JASWG) in order to provide a discount for needy <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> applicants to ensure worldwide accessibility and competition within the New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Program. Acceptance to the program reduces the application fee from $185,000 to $47,000.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Entities interested in the ASP had three options:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Access to pro bono services for startup <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> registries through the Applicant Support Directory- New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> applicants, particularly from developing countries, may avail financial and technical information or assistance from members of the ICANN community who provide financial or non-financial pro-bono services.</li> <li>Apply for financial assistance- Reduced evaluation fees will be provided to qualified applicants</li> <li>The Applicant Support Fund- A $2,000,000 seed fund has been set aside by ICANN to help needy applicants.</li></ol> <p>On February 3, 2012, ICANN announced that it was looking for volunteers to serve as members of the Support Applicant Review Panel (SARP), which was responsible for evaluating if a new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> applicant was qualified to avail financial assistance through the ASP. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The list of new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Applicants who asked for assistance can be seen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/candidate-support/non-financial-support#candidates-seeking-support"><b>here</b></a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Opening_of_Application_Window">Opening of Application Window</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Opening of Application Window" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Opening of Application Window"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The Application System opened on schedule around midnight UTC on Thursday, January 12th, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 19, 2012, just a week after <a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> opened the application window for new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a>, it reported that 25 companies had created accounts and registered for new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> on the TAS system. This, however, does not indicate how many applications were filed, given that each TAS account can handle up to 50 separate applications. One company, <a href="/Minds_%2B_Machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Minds + Machines">Minds + Machines</a>, disclosed that they had already registered for 20 extensions on behalf of their clients.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="TAS_Delays_and_Closing_of_the_Application_Window">TAS Delays and Closing of the Application Window</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: TAS Delays and Closing of the Application Window" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: TAS Delays and Closing of the Application Window"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>On April 12, 2012, ICANN's Chief Operating Officer, <a href="/Akram_Atallah" title="Akram Atallah">Akram Atallah</a> issued a statement, just hours before TAS was scheduled to close as per the set application window, acknowledging that a a possible glitch in the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="c509b3bd238b50a1f6f9f3cfd6cc3d2b">TLD</a> application system software caused a limited number of users to see the file names and user names of other users. He said that ICANN decided to shut down the system until April 17 to protect applicants' information. Mr. Atallah also said that ICANN is investigating how the problem happened and that necessary measures would be undertaken to resolve the situation. <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Atallah's statement, <a href="/Kevin_Murphy" title="Kevin Murphy">Kevin Murphy</a> of <a href="/DomainIncite" title="DomainIncite">DomainIncite</a> reported that an applicant claimed that he noticed that a file from another applicant was attached to his application on April 6 and immediately reported the problem to ICANN. The applicant said, <i>"I could infer the applicant/string… based on the name of the file."</i> However the actual contents of the file were not visible. The TAS problem ignited different speculations and questions within the internet community, particularly the how long will TAS suffer from vulnerability, who among the applicants saw others applications and if some applicants took advantage of the situation and filed competing bids.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 14, 2012, ICANN issued another statement related to the TAS problem. The internet governing body identified that a report on March 19 was the only incident related to the technical glitch.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ICANN continue to delay the opening of TAS, with little explanation, and first noted that it would continue to be unavailable until April 20th.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from the extension of the application window, ICANN also informed journalists that the problem was not caused by a cyber attack, no application data was lost and the TAS system is expected to open soon.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 23, 2012, ICANN announced that it was able to identify all applicants affected by the TAS failure and the testing to fix the system is running smoothly. In addition, it also announced the postponement of the scheduled publication of all the applied new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> strings until April 30. <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two days after, ICANN released an update informing applicants that the TAS will re-open on April 27. <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ICANN continuously provided update to the internet community regarding the progress of the testing to resolve the system. On April 27, the internet governing body reported that based on its analysis there are still limited number of affected applicants and tests to improve the system are being conducted continuously. ICANN again delayed the opening of the TAS system but promised to continue to provide updates.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 30, 2012, <a href="/ICANN_CEO" title="ICANN CEO">ICANN CEO</a> <a href="/Rod_Beckstrom" title="Rod Beckstrom">Rod Beckstrom</a> stated that he is hoping that the technical failure will be fixed before his term expired and he passes the job to his successor during the <a href="/ICANN_44" title="ICANN 44">ICANN 44</a> meeting, which was to be held in Prague on June 29, 2012. He said, <i>"I’d like to see us obviously get the technical issues resolved, notify applicants, reopen the window and publish the strings before I pass the baton in Prague. That’s not a commitment at this point in time, it’s an indication as CEO that it’s absolutely my intention to push for a timely resolution of this issue… If we can get things done sooner, then the sooner the better."</i> <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 2, 2012, ICANN reported that there were 1268 registered users and around 95,000 file attachments were available when the system went offline. It estimated 455 incidents wherein a file name and user name was possibly seen by another applicant. It also identified that the file names and user names of 105 applicants were viewed by another applicant and 50 applicants possibly viewed the file names and user names of one or more applicants. ICANN assured the internet community that it was continuously working on improving the system to fix the technical problem.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 4, ICANN informed that it received approximately $350 million dollars in application fees and the payments from 214 potential applicants registered before the March 29 cut had yet to be received. In addition, the internet governing body also reported that notifications were being sent to applicants informing them if they were affected by the software. The notification process was expected to be completed by May 8 and the schedule to re-open the TAS to be announced thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ICANN re-opened the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="c509b3bd238b50a1f6f9f3cfd6cc3d2b">TLD</a> Application System on May 21. TAS was down for a total of 40 days; the length of this downtime has been criticized by ICANN's detractors and supporters alike.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All applicants were able to log in, review and submit their applications until May 30, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Reveal_Day_and_Aftermath">Reveal Day and Aftermath</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reveal Day and Aftermath" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Reveal Day and Aftermath"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>It was discovered post-Reveal Day that several applicants had made mistakes in their applications. As a response to requests for a way to make changes to submitted applications, ICANN developed New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Application Change Request Process and Criteria. Requests were submitted through the New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Customer Service Center (CSC), and ICANN will compare the request against the following 7 criteria: </p> <ol><li>Explanation – Is a reasonable explanation provided?</li> <li>Evidence that original submission was in error – Is there anything to indicate that the change merely corrects an error, as claimed?</li> <li>Other third parties affected – Does the change affect other third parties materially?</li> <li>Precedents – Is the change similar to others that have already been approved? Could the change lead others to request similar changes that could affect third parties or result in undesirable effects on the program?</li> <li>Fairness to applicants – Would allowing the change be construed as fair to the general community? Would disallowing the change be construed as unfair?</li> <li>Materiality – Would the change affect the evaluation score or require re-evaluation of some or all of the application? Would the change affect string contention or community priority consideration?</li> <li>Timing – Does the timing interfere with the evaluation process in some way?</li></ol> <p>Depending on the results of this comparison, the request will either be approved or denied, and the applicant will be notified. All applications that have been approved for change will have their changes listed on the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> microsite and the application will be held for at least 30 days before passing on to the next stage of the application process, so that the public may comment on whether a re-evaluation of the approval of the changes should be made. Any changes made to confidential portions of the application will be summarized and not posted, in order to protect the confidentiality of the applicant.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Public_Comment_and_Objection_Period">Public Comment and Objection Period</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Public Comment and Objection Period" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Public Comment and Objection Period"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <h3><span id="Batching.2FDrawing_System"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Batching/Drawing_System">Batching/Drawing System</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Batching/Drawing System" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Batching/Drawing System"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article: <a href="/Batching" title="Batching">Batching</a></i></dd></dl> <p>After the failed <a href="/Digital_Archery" title="Digital Archery">Digital Archery</a> program, as a means to batch or meter the applications to proceed towards implementation at a rate of 1,000 new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> per year, ICANN still needed a system. On October 10, 2012, ICANN announced that it had designed a metering program to determine the order in which applicants would proceed towards implementation, and it would be a manual draw.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A chance-based process such as this had initially been avoided due to California's lottery laws, which apply to ICANN as it is headquartered in California. The organization applied for a non-profit, "fundraising" exemption permit in order to be allowed to run the lottery system. Lottery tickets cost $100. The number pulled in the draw determined the order in which applications proceeded, first with the release of their Initial Evaluation, and then with their potential contention or formal objections, <a href="/GAC" class="mw-redirect" title="GAC">GAC</a> or otherwise. Applicants that pass the Initial Evaluation and have no other outstanding issues can elect to go directly on to signing the general <a href="/Registry_Agreement" title="Registry Agreement">Registry Agreement</a>, or to negotiate a different agreement with <a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lottery was held in mid-December, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Delegation">Delegation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Delegation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Delegation"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>ICANN estimated that the new drawing/lottery system should speed up the implementation of new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a>, with delegation estimated to begin in the second quarter of 2013, rather than the earlier estimate of the fourth quarter of 2013/first quarter of 2014. Initial evaluation results will be released at a rate of about 150 per week starting in March, 2013. Contracts and pre-delegation testing will be done at a rate of about 20 per week, which allows for about 1,000 new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> to be introduced in any given year. <a href="/IDN" class="mw-redirect" title="IDN">IDN</a> new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> applications will be given priority in the process, which ICANN has explained to be in the interest of better diversifying the Internet internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Initial_Evaluation_Results">Initial Evaluation Results</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Initial Evaluation Results" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Initial Evaluation Results"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>On March 22nd 2013, ICANN announced the first 27 strings to be evaluated as "passing" <a href="/Initial_Evaluation" title="Initial Evaluation">Initial Evaluation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> published a press release on August 30th, 2013 stating that a major milestone had been reached and announced that the new <a href="/GTLD" class="mw-redirect" title="GTLD">gTLD</a> initial evaluations had concluded. The press release stated: "Out of the 1,930 new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> applications submitted, a total of 1,745 applications passed Initial Evaluation, 32 have gone into Extended Evaluation, and 121 were withdrawn from the program." <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_Developments">Further Developments</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further Developments" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Further Developments"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>At <a href="/ICANN_45" title="ICANN 45">ICANN 45</a> in Toronto, Canada, in October 2012, <a href="/Kurt_Pritz" title="Kurt Pritz">Kurt Pritz</a> provided some updates on the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program. </p> <ul><li><a href="/GAC" class="mw-redirect" title="GAC">GAC</a> Early Warnings should be expected shortly after the close of the meeting.</li> <li>No contracts or delegations will be made before the next ICANN meeting, in Beijing.</li> <li>Seven applicants have withdrawn their applications, zero objections have been filed in the objection process, and there have been 127 change requests. Of those change requests, 29 have been approved, 84 are in review, and 14 require follow-up with applicants.</li> <li><a href="/String_Similarity_Panel" title="String Similarity Panel">String similarity</a> will be analyzed in November.</li> <li>The geographic names review was currently being analyzed, and announcements were expected on November 26th.</li> <li>The <a href="/index.php?title=Clarifying_Questions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarifying Questions (page does not exist)">Clarifying Questions</a> test pilot had been run, with questions and survey having been sent on August 31 to various applicants, and responses due on September 17. The following stats were received: 72 percent of the respondents said the 6000 character limit was enough to answer the questions; more than half of respondents, 61 percent, said the financial and technical CQs were clear; some of the feedback included using bullet points instead of paragraphs, and for ICANN to disclose current scores and provide sample LOC and answers that meet requirements; and more than half said that two weeks was not enough time to respond to the CQs.</li> <li>Applicants to the Applicant Support Program were currently being analyzed by a five-member panel.</li> <li><a href="/EBERO" class="mw-redirect" title="EBERO">EBERO</a>, the emergency back-end registry operator, was currently being developed by ICANN. They are planning for there to be three or four EBEROs to represent North America, Europe and Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The most notable failure to hold to these points was delaying the release of the <a href="/String_Similarity_Panel" title="String Similarity Panel">String Similarity Panel</a> until March 1st. This caused anxiety given that ICANN was unable to produce a clear rubric for how strings are being categorized as similar, and also given the fact that the ruling of the String Similarity Panel is final with no appeals process built-in.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Closed_Generic_Strings">Closed Generic Strings</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Closed Generic Strings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Closed Generic Strings"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>After ICANN published information on its 1,930 applications it was immediately noted that some companies had applied for a number of generic terms relevant to their business, writing in their applications that they intended to be the sole registrant for the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="c509b3bd238b50a1f6f9f3cfd6cc3d2b">TLD</a>. There was no <a href="/Brand_TLD" title="Brand TLD">Brand TLD</a> distinction in this round, though there were guesses that ICANN would create rules for such <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a> in any future round. Thus, the closed generic terms violated no rules as developed through the <a href="/GNSO" class="mw-redirect" title="GNSO">GNSO</a> process and as included in the Applicant Guidebook. Some noted that this was in fact an intentional byproduct of the program that had been considered while others disagreed.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest applicant for closed <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> is <a href="/Amazon" title="Amazon">Amazon</a>, and many worried that their applications to control a large number of generic terms would result in them circumnavigating traditional navigation for shopping online and give them an unfair competitive advantage. Another notable portfolio client with multiple applications for closed generic terms is <a href="/L%27Or%C3%A9al" title="L'Oréal">L'Oréal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WTR_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTR-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2012, Amazon and other companies that applied for closed-generic strings received a <a href="/GAC" class="mw-redirect" title="GAC">GAC</a> Early Warning from <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="b7f132971fbcdf8e5cb7da5359c2df83">GAC</a> Chair, <a href="/Heather_Dryden" title="Heather Dryden">Heather Dryden</a>. The early warning system is the work of an individual <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="b7f132971fbcdf8e5cb7da5359c2df83">GAC</a> member but signals that the larger <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="b7f132971fbcdf8e5cb7da5359c2df83">GAC</a> organization may later issue official advice recommending the rejection of the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="c509b3bd238b50a1f6f9f3cfd6cc3d2b">TLD</a> application as-is by the <a href="/ICANN_Board" title="ICANN Board">ICANN Board</a>. Those applicants that receive warnings are encouraged to work with the objecting representative. The German representative also raised issues with regards to closed generics.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following further questions ICANN's New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Program Committee looked at the issue. Information on their January meeting that was released in February 2013 shows that they were unclear how to even define a closed generic, what are the common attributes, what an appropriate remediation strategy would be, and further note that there is no violation taking place between the applications and the Applicant Guidebook, and they therefore have no room to comment or change policy without further direction from a policy development process started in the <a href="/GNSO" class="mw-redirect" title="GNSO">GNSO</a>. Still, they opened up a public comment period on February 5th, 2013, to ascertain opinions on what a closed generic is, and what are the criteria for which a proposed registry can operate a "closed" or "open" string.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Objections to closed generics have come from <a href="/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, who notes the danger they pose to competition on the Internet, and an online petition started by Tom Gilles of NewgTLDsite.com.<sup id="cite_ref-WTR_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTR-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Technical_Concerns_Impede_Delegation">Technical Concerns Impede Delegation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Technical Concerns Impede Delegation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Technical Concerns Impede Delegation"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> hired firm <a href="/index.php?title=Interisle_Consulting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interisle Consulting (page does not exist)">Interisle Consulting</a> to carry out an independent investigation on the issues that may arise from new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> that are identical to <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a> being used on internal networks. The firm reported at <a href="/ICANN_47" title="ICANN 47">ICANN 47</a> that .home and .corp <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> were cause for serious concern since those strings are widely in use by internal naming systems. In response to the report, <a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> labeled the .home and .corp strings as "high risk" and proposed that neither of the strings be delegated until it could be proven that risk is low. The report may also delay the delegation and implementation of many of the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> applications until risks have been managed.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Opposition">Opposition</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Opposition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Opposition"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>A number of high profile opponents came out against ICANN and its new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program, including: <a href="/Association_of_National_Advertisers" title="Association of National Advertisers">Association of National Advertisers</a> (ANA), the <a href="/Coalition_Against_Domain_Name_Abuse" title="Coalition Against Domain Name Abuse">Coalition Against Domain Name Abuse</a> (CADNA), the <a href="/Coalition_for_Responsible_Internet_Domain_Oversight" title="Coalition for Responsible Internet Domain Oversight">Coalition for Responsible Internet Domain Oversight</a> (CRIDO), the National Retail Federation,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others. Major corporations involved with these organizations include: Adidas, Dell, Toyota, Wal-Mart, Kraft Foods, and other prominent American and internationally known brands.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ICANN's new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program also recieved negative Op-Eds by the editorial boards of the New York Times and Washington Post.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ICANN was also the subject of the hearings within the <a href="/U.S._Congress" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a>, detailed below, and consequently received letters from Senators and Congressmen asking them to delay or reevaluate the program. Other government criticism included a petition for delay by the <a href="/FTC" class="mw-redirect" title="FTC">FTC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these critics were not explicitly anti-ICANN, but anti-new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a>. The most common complaint came from trademark owners and their lobbying groups, who believed that the new program would create significant costs for them via defensive registrations without adding any value to their marketing and commercial outreach programs. However, some saw this as a result of miseducation given that many trademark protections are built into the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program. Other concerns, such as those from former ICANN Chair <a href="/Esther_Dyson" title="Esther Dyson">Esther Dyson</a>, were focused on potential confusion for the end-user.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The complaints by <a href="/ANA" class="mw-redirect" title="ANA">ANA</a>, The National Retail Federation, the <a href="/U.S._Congress" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a>, the <a href="/FTC" class="mw-redirect" title="FTC">FTC</a>, and other prominent groups resulted in many Internet commentators and journalists to come out against both ICANN and its new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program. Examples of such material can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kernelmag.com/comment/opinion/2012/01/its-time-to-place-the-web-in-safer-hands/">here</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paidcontent.org/article/419-new-internet-names-feared-loathed-by-all/">here</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="New_gTLD_Senate_and_House_of_Representatives_Hearings">New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Senate and House of Representatives Hearings</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: New gTLD Senate and House of Representatives Hearings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: New gTLD Senate and House of Representatives Hearings"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>On December 8, 2011, <a href="/U.S._Congress" title="U.S. Congress">the U.S. Senate</a> Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation held a hearing, lobbied for by <a href="/ANA" class="mw-redirect" title="ANA">ANA</a>, regarding to ICANN's new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program. Speakers included Senior Vice President of ICANN, <a href="/Kurt_Pritz" title="Kurt Pritz">Kurt Pritz</a>; <a href="/Fiona_Alexander" title="Fiona Alexander">Fiona Alexander</a>, Associate Administrator of the Office of International Affairs at <a href="/NTIA" class="mw-redirect" title="NTIA">NTIA</a>; <a href="/Dan_Jaffe" title="Dan Jaffe">Dan Jaffe</a>, Executive Vice President of Government Relations for ANA; <a href="/Esther_Dyson" title="Esther Dyson">Esther Dyson</a>, ICANN's Founding Chairwoman (1998-2000), speaking as an independent investor; and Senior Vice President and General Counsel of the YMCA <a href="/index.php?title=Angela_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angela Williams (page does not exist)">Angela Williams</a>, speaking on behalf of <a href="/NPOC" class="mw-redirect" title="NPOC">NPOC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senate officials present included: Committee Chairman Jay Rockefeller (D-WV); Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn), Sen. Kelly Ayotte (R-N.H.),<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-Wash). </p><p>Sen. Rockefeller stated his support of the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program, claiming that he believed it was pro-competition and pro-innovation, but that the roll-out should be slower and more cautious. He cited the potential for fraud, consumer confusion, and cybersquatting as massive, requiring a phased implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of biggest concerns expressed was that companies, including not-for-profits, would have to spend a lot of money to prevent <a href="/Cybersquatting" title="Cybersquatting">cybersquatting</a> and typosquatting. Dyson argued that the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="c509b3bd238b50a1f6f9f3cfd6cc3d2b">TLD</a> program "create[s] opportunities for entrepreneurs but [doesn't] really create any value for the economy." Pritz explained that defensive registration will likely not be as necessary as companies believe, as many of the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a> will not be big or open enough for cybersquatters to take advantage. Additionally, several new trademark protections had been built into the expansion strategy, making the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a> better protected against cybersquatters than those currently available. </p><p>Sen. Ayotte expressed concerns that adding significantly more <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a> would create a challenge for law enforcement officials to police websites. </p><p>Another major concern, voiced by ANA, was that there was no consensus on the program, and that the date for the application period to open was arbitrary.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a letter dated December 8th, the same day as the Senate hearing, twenty-eight domain name industry participants wrote to Sen. Jay Rockefeller and Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison to support the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program. They supported ICANN's argument that the program would be innovative and economically beneficial, and that the program had taken lots of people a long time to develop, hence it had not been rushed.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 14, a second hearing was held, hosted by the House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committee. Those speaking at this hearing were Fiona Alexander from <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="878ae867e6fee01cf91296a41f5f5370">NTIA</a>, Dan Jaffe from ANA, Kurt Pritz from ICANN, <a href="/Employ_Media" title="Employ Media">Employ Media</a> CEO <a href="/Thomas_Embrescia" title="Thomas Embrescia">Thomas Embrescia</a>, and <a href="/index.php?title=Joshua_Bourne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Bourne (page does not exist)">Joshua Bourne</a> representing <a href="/CADNA" class="mw-redirect" title="CADNA">CADNA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The result of the House hearing was the suggestion that the program be delayed until there is a consensus between all relevant stakeholders, made by Rep. Eshoo. Pritz and Alexander came to the defense of ICANN's <a href="/Multistakeholder_Model" title="Multistakeholder Model">Multistakeholder Model</a>, arguing that the process had not been rushed. It had taken ICANN seven years to get to the point where all the issues had been discussed and no new issues were being raised, during which time they had consulted all the relevant stakeholders. Alexander made the point that "consensus" does not always mean "unanimity." </p><p><a href="/CADNA" class="mw-redirect" title="CADNA">CADNA</a>, a long-time opponent of the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program, reversed its opposition to the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program once the ICANN Board approved it. CADNA's focus shifted to addressing brand-owner concerns about the way that the program was rolled out. For example, Bourne praised <a href="/.xxx" title=".xxx">.xxx</a>'s novel trademark protection mechanisms, saying they should be mandatory for all new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a>, and claimed that Congress could help in fighting cybersquatters by revising the old US <a href="/Anticybersquatting_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act">Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act</a>. He did, however, request that ICANN announce dates for subsequent application rounds, in order to relieve the "condition of scarcity" that this uncertainty created.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following week, the US Congress sent a letter addressed to ICANN President and CEO <a href="/Rod_Beckstrom" title="Rod Beckstrom">Rod Beckstrom</a> and <a href="/ICANN_Board" title="ICANN Board">Board</a> Chairman <a href="/Steve_Crocker" title="Steve Crocker">Steve Crocker</a>, asking ICANN to delay the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program. The letter was signed by seventeen Congressmen, lead by Rep. Fred Upton. The letter cited their concern about the significant uncertainty about the process for businesses, non-profit organizations, and consumers. The suggested delay would serve to allow time for these groups to have their concerns alleviated. <sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was also a letter sent by two Congressman, Bob Goodlatte and Howard Berman, to the <a href="/Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a>, in which they asked for a delay to the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program, and asked a number of questions on the Department's own preparedness and handling of the affair. They asked if ICANN is actually following its <a href="/Affirmation_of_Commitments" title="Affirmation of Commitments">Affirmation of Commitments</a> with the Department, and what the Department is doing to ensure that ICANN is following these commitments and protecting American businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to all of this, <a href="/Lawrence_Strickling" title="Lawrence Strickling">Lawrence Strickling</a>, of the <a href="/Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a>'s <a href="/National_Telecommunications_and_Information_Administration" title="National Telecommunications and Information Administration">National Telecommunications and Information Administration</a>, sent a letter to ICANN chastising it for its poor outreach program and the confusion regarding its new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program. In his letter, addressed to <a href="/index.php?title=ICANN_Chairman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICANN Chairman (page does not exist)">Chairman</a> <a href="/Steve_Crocker" title="Steve Crocker">Steve Crocker</a>, Mr. Strickling urged ICANN to more successfully showcase their new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> expansion program, and especially emphasize the number of built-in protections for trademark owners.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mr. Strickling notes that <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="878ae867e6fee01cf91296a41f5f5370">NTIA</a> has no plan or desire to actually interfere in the process after the 6 years of work and the imminent launch, but he does lament the number of problems that have been created largely by <a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>'s poor outreach and education. <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="878ae867e6fee01cf91296a41f5f5370">NTIA</a> identified 3 specific things to address: to educate trademark owners about measures in place allowing them to forego <a href="/Defensive_Registration" title="Defensive Registration">defensive registrations</a>; to immediately implement consumer protections it has already devised; and to generally better educate all stakeholders. However, <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="878ae867e6fee01cf91296a41f5f5370">NTIA</a> did suggest and open up the possibility of adding further protections once the application pool is closed and <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="878ae867e6fee01cf91296a41f5f5370">NTIA</a>, alongside <a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>'s <a href="/GAC" class="mw-redirect" title="GAC">GAC</a>, had a chance to review the pool of applicants and reflect on what further steps could be taken in the <a href="/SLD" class="mw-redirect" title="SLD">second level</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The full letter can be seen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ntia_letter_on_gtld_program_jan_3_2012.pdf">here</a>. </p> <h3><span id="China.27s_Permit_Requirement_for_All_New_gTLDs"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="China's_Permit_Requirement_for_All_New_gTLDs">China's Permit Requirement for All New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: China's Permit Requirement for All New gTLDs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: China's Permit Requirement for All New gTLDs"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In March, 2012, the Chinese government announced that it would require all <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> applicants to apply and receive a permit from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology before applying to ICANN. Required information would include details on their services, their contingency plans, their trademark protection and anti-abuse procedures, and other related information. This would be required of any <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a>, with further hurdles in place to receive government support for <a href="/GeoTLD" title="GeoTLD">GeoTLDs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Funds">Funds</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Funds" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Funds"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/about/financials/investment-policy-new-gtld">Invest Policy for New gTLDs, Adopted Dec. 2012</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> published its first quarterly statement in December 2013. The statement revealed that as of September 2013, ICANN has spend $119.2 million on the New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Program, and has $225.7 million remaining that is dedicated to the program.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Second_Round_of_the_New_gTLD_Program">Second Round of the New <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> Program</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Second Round of the New gTLD Program" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Second Round of the New gTLD Program"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Two months prior to the implementation of the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program, the <a href="/CADNA" class="mw-redirect" title="CADNA">Coalition Against Domain Name Abuse</a> (CADNA) requested that ICANN determine and announce a definitive date to implement a second round of new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> applications. According to CADNA President, <a href="/index.php?title=Josh_Bourne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josh Bourne (page does not exist)">Josh Bourne</a>, a second round will "allow applicants more time to develop more comprehensive plans for utilising new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a>, as opposed to obtaining them simply to not miss out." A similar opinion was expressed earlier by <a href="/index.php?title=Stuart_Durham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuart Durham (page does not exist)">Stuart Durham</a>, EMEA sales director of <a href="/Melbourne_IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne IT">Melbourne IT</a> DBS. He said that some companies felt compelled to apply for their <a href="/BrandTLD" class="mw-redirect" title="BrandTLD">.brand gTLD</a> because they feel that "if they don’t make a decision now, they will have to wait a few years." <sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CADNA also brought up the request for second round of new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> application during the Congressional hearing on the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> expansion program on December 14, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 7, 2012, the <a href="/ICANN_Board" title="ICANN Board">ICANN Board</a> approved a resolution to implement a second application window for the new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> program. The Board appointed the <a href="/ICANN_CEO" title="ICANN CEO">ICANN CEO</a> to work with the Internet community regarding the work plan and prerequisites needed to implement the second round of applications.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lawsuits_Over_the_Program">Lawsuits Over the Program</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Lawsuits Over the Program" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Lawsuits Over the Program"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/Name.Space" title="Name.Space">Name.Space</a>, which has been operating an alternative root since 1996, sued ICANN in October, 2012, for trademark infringement and anti-competitive behavior. The company is seeking an injunction against the implementation of any of the 189 <a href="/TLD" class="mw-redirect" title="TLD">TLDs</a> applied for in the 2011 round that overlap with its alternative <a href="/Root_Zone" title="Root Zone">root zone</a>. The suit alleges that the company is being victimized by "ICANN insiders". In the 2000 <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="c509b3bd238b50a1f6f9f3cfd6cc3d2b">TLD</a> expansion round, Name.Space applied to have 118 of its 482 alternative <a href="/TLD" class="mw-redirect" title="TLD">TLDs</a> added into ICANN's root zone. The plaintiff is asking for damages and and the injunction to prevent ICANN's approval and root implementation of the 189 overlapping <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Search_performance">Search performance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Search performance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Search performance"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The performance of new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> in search is a question of great interest to current and potential future <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e">gTLD</a> applicants, and will have a huge impact on uptake of new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> in the future. As of December 2014, no clear consensus has emerged. Some have found that new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> perform as well as or better than original <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183">TLDs</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others maintain that new <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="4697ac6f26f5689fb9ae486938ef922d">gTLDs</a> have no advantage in search.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2"> <div style="font-size:.9em;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/about/program">About the New gTLD Program icann.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/8511-tas-glitch-not-an-attack-says-icann">TAS glitch “not an attack” says ICANN</a>, DomainIncite.com. Published 12 April 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/icann-expects-at-least-1268-new-gtld-applications/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+DomainIncite+%28DomainIncite.com%29">ICANN Expects At Least 1268 New gTLD Applications, DomainIncite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedomains.com/2012/06/13/nnew-gtlds-by-the-numbers-1930-apps-751-apps-in-conflict-max-number-of-new-gtlds-1409/">New gTLDs by the Numbers, TheDomains.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urbanbrain.jp/en/new-gtld/application-types/">New gTLD Application Types</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/watch-icann-approve-some-new-gtlds/">Watch ICANN Approve Some New gTLDs, DomainIncite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newgtlds.icann.org/about/program">About the New gTLD Program</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/icann-confirms-possible-new-applicant-guidebook/">ICANN Confirms Possible New Applicant Guidebook, DomainIncite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/gac-gets-more-power-to-block-controversial-gtlds/">GAC Gets more Power to Block Controversial gTLDs, DomainIncite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/resolutions-10apr12-en.htm">Establishment of New gTLD Program Committee</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.icann.org/2011/12/new-gtld-roadshows/">New gTLD Roadshows, Blog.ICANN.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/#!/RodBeckstrom/status/150262824977969152">Twitter Post Dec 23 2011, Twitter.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omblog.icann.org/?p=527">ICANN Ombudsman Blog, OmBlog.ICANN.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urbanbrain.posterous.com/new-gtld-outreach-hits-japan-well-grazes-it-a">New gTLD Outreach Grazes Japan, UrbanBrain.Posterous.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ntia_letter_on_gtld_program_jan_3_2012.pdf">NTIA Letter on gTLD Program Jan 3 2012, NTIA.doc.gov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/minutes/board-briefing-materials-3-05jan12-en.pdf">SARP (Support Applicant Review Panel) Process Document, icann.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/candidate-support">New gTLD Applicant Support Program</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-3-03feb12-en.htm">ICANN Seeks Evaluators for the Support Applicant Review Panel (SARP) - Request for Expressions of Interest (EOI)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/icann-opens-new-gtld-program/">ICANN Opens New gTLD Program, DomainIncite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/25-companies-register-for-new-gtlds/">25 companies Register for New gTLDs, DomainIncite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-3-12apr12-en.htm">Statement on TLD Application System</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domain.incite.com/icann-knew-about-tas-security-bug-last-week/">ICANN knew about TAS security bug last week</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/its-worse-than-you-thought-tas-security-bug-leaked-new-gtld-applicant-data/">It’s worse than you thought: TAS security bug leaked new gTLD applicant data</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-14apr12-en.htm">TAS Interruption - Update (14 April 2012 06:50 UTC)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-12apr12-en.htm">TAS Temporarily Offline</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/breaking-icann-extends-new-gtld-application-window-after-technical-glitch/">Breaking: ICANN extends new gTLD application window after technical glitch</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a.sw.io/4lpYmPg">Was ICANN's new gTLDs system hacked?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/tas-glitch-not-an-attack-says-icann/">TAS glitch “not an attack” says ICANN</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-2-23apr12-en.htm">TAS Interruption Update, April 23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/announcements-and-media/announcement-25apr12-en">TAS Interruption - Update (25 April 2012)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/announcements-and-media/announcement-27apr12-en">TAS Interruption - Update (27 April 2012)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/beckstrom-breaks-tas-bug-silence-says-big-reveal-could-be-as-late-as-prague/">Beckstrom breaks TAS bug silence, says Big Reveal could be as late as Prague</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/announcements-and-media/announcement-02may12-en">TAS Interruption - Update (2 May 2012)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/announcements-and-media/announcement-04may12-en">TAS Interruption - Update (4 May 2012)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/9026-tas-reopens-after-humiliating-40-days">TAS reopens after humiliating 40 days, domainincite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://htl.li/1gPHZr">TAS Interruption Update May 21, 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/customer-service/change-requests">New gTLD Application Change Request Process and Criteria, icann.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-2-10oct12-en.htm">Announcement, ICANN.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-2-10oct12-en.htm">Announcement 2 10Oct12, ICANN.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/10729-new-gtld-winners-will-be-decided-by-lottery-after-all">New gTLD Winners Will be Decided by Lottery After All, DomainIncite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/10729-new-gtld-winners-will-be-decided-by-lottery-after-all">New gTLD Winners Will be Decided by Lottery After All, DomainIncite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/12352-first-27-new-gtlds-pass-evaluation">First 27 New gTLDs pass Evaluation, DomainIncite.com</a> Published Mar 22, Retrieved March 29 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/news/press/releases/release-30aug13-en">Press Release Aug 30, ICANN.org</a> Retrieved Sept 9, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewhir.com/web-hosting-news/icann-45-new-gtld-overview-and-information-for-applicants-with-icann-cso-kurt-pritz">ICANN 45: New gTLD Overview and Information for Applicants with ICANN CSO Kurt Pritz, thewhir.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.circleid.com/posts/20130121_a_serious_bug_in_the_similarity_check/">A Serious Bug in The Similarity Check, CircleId.com</a>Pub 21 Jan 2013, Retrieved 6 Feb 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">User Summary, AM</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTR-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WTR_47-0">47.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WTR_47-1">47.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/daily/Detail.aspx?g=7be56061-2229-412c-8f71-55bc20932cd8&utm_source=buffer&buffer_share=c3e5d">WorldTrademarkReview.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.name.com/blog/ntlds/2013/01/the-gtld-land-grab-controversy-google-amazon-and-the-gac-part-ii/">The gTLD Land Grab Controversy Google Amazon and the GAC Part II, Name.com</a> Pub 14 Jan 2013, Retrieved 6 Jan 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gacweb.icann.org/display/gacweb/GAC+Early+Warnings">GAC Early Warnings, GACweb.ICANN.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-2-05feb13-en.htm">Announcement, ICANN.org</a>5 February 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedomains.com/2013/02/06/microsoft-is-latest-to-come-out-against-closed-generic-new-gtlds-in-letter-to-icann/">Microsoft is Latest to Come Out Against Closed Generic New gTLDs in Letter to ICANN, TheDomains.com</a> Published and Retrieved 6 Feb 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/13994-new-gtlds-are-the-new-y2k-corp-and-home-are-doomed-and-everything-else-is-delayed">New gTLDs are the New Y2K, Domain Incite</a> Retrieved 12 Sept 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaljournal.com/tech/icann-facing-growing-pressure-over-new-domain-name-plan-20111025">ICANN Facing Growing Pressure Over New Domain Name Plan, NationalJournal.com</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ana.net/content/show/id/22399">ANA.net</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/26/opinion/expanding-internet-domains.html?_r=3&ref=internetcorpforassignednamesandnumbers">Exapnding Internet Domains, NYTimes.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/whats-the-rush/2011/12/09/gIQA5Ms9nO_story.html">What's the .rush, WashingtonPost.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2011/12/icann.shtm">ICANN, FTC.gov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commerce.senate.gov/public/?a=Files.Serve&File_id=c81ce454-f519-4373-a51d-234c61755e39">Testimony of Esther Dyson, Commerce.Senate.gov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.circleid.com/posts/20111208_us_senate_committee_holds_hearing_on_icanns_new_tld_expansion/">US Senate Committee Holds Hearing on ICANN's New TLD Expansion, circleid.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adage.com/article/digital/senate-implores-icann-slow-roll/231478/">Senate Implores ICANN to Slow Its Roll but Admits It Can't Do Anything to Stop It, adage.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/notes-from-the-senate-new-gtlds-hearing/">Notes from the Senate new gTLDs hearing, domainincite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adage.com/article/digital/senate-implores-icann-slow-roll/231478/">Senate Implores ICANN to Slow Its Roll but Admits It Can't Do Anything to Stop It, adage.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/new-gtld-industry-pleads-with-senators/">New gTLD industry pleads with senators</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.dot-nxt.com/2011/12/13/house-hearing-testimonies">What the House testimonies tell us, dot-nxt.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/congressmen-ask-for-new-gtlds-delay/">Congressmen ask for new gTLDs delay, domainincite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/congressmen-ask-icann-to-delay-new-gtlds/">Congressmen ask ICANN to delay new gTLDs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainnamewire.com/2011/12/20/two-congressmen-ask-commerce-department-for-delay-to-new-tlds/">Two Congressmen Ask Commerce Department For Delay to New TLDs, DomainNameWire.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ntia_letter_on_gtld_program_jan_3_2012.pdf">NTIA Letter on gTLD Program Jan 3 2012, ntia.doc.gov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ntia_letter_on_gtld_program_jan_3_2012.pdf">NTIA Letter on gTLD Program Jan 3 2012, ntia.doc.gov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/china-cracks-down-on-new-gtld-applicants/">China Cracks Down on New gTLD Applicants, DomainIncite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/15427-icann-has-spent-120-million-on-new-gtlds">ICANN Has spend 120 million on New gTLDs, DomainIncite</a> Retrieved 30 Dec 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/daily/detail.aspx?g=1315ECFA-EEB1-4F32-B1BC-2BBCFAF1C9C3">International - Call for ICANN to announce second round of gTLD applications</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/Media/file/Hearings/Telecom/121411/Bourne.pdf">Testimony of Josh Bourne Before the Subcommittee on Communications and Technology of the United States House Energy and Commerce Committee</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/resolutions-07feb12-en.htm#4">Reaffirmation of second round of applications in New gTLD Program</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/10754-company-files-for-injunction-against-189-new-gtlds">Company Files for Injunction Against 189 New gTLDs, DomainIncite.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.circleid.com/posts/20141210_early_data_suggests_new_gtlds_perform_well_in_search_environment/">Early data suggests new gTLDs perform well in search environment</a> Circleid, retrieved 17th December 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainnamewire.com/2014/12/15/new-tlds-search-results/">New TLDs search results</a> Domain Name Wire 15th December 2014, retrieved 17th December 2014.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-lingo-tooltip" id="594cb7a6563ab5c889d951982d4f996e"><div class="mw-lingo-definition navigation-not-searchable"><div class="mw-lingo-definition-text"> <p><a href="/Generic_Top-level_Domain" title="Generic Top-level Domain">Generic Top-level Domain</a> </p> </div></div> </div><div class="mw-lingo-tooltip" id="c509b3bd238b50a1f6f9f3cfd6cc3d2b"><div class="mw-lingo-definition navigation-not-searchable"><div class="mw-lingo-definition-text"> <p><a href="/Top-Level_Domain" title="Top-Level Domain">Top-Level Domain</a> </p> </div></div> </div><div class="mw-lingo-tooltip" id="e800122d43583e63e1740a15d5fa5183"><div 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Considers and provides advice on the activities of ICANN as they relate to concerns of governments, particularly matters where there may be an interaction between ICANN's policies and various laws and international agreements or where they may affect public policy issues (<i>ICANN Bylaws</i>). </p> </div></div> </div><div class="mw-lingo-tooltip" id="878ae867e6fee01cf91296a41f5f5370"><div class="mw-lingo-definition navigation-not-searchable"><div class="mw-lingo-definition-text"> <p><a href="/National_Telecommunications_and_Information_Administration" title="National Telecommunications and Information Administration">National Telecommunications and Information Administration</a> </p> </div></div> </div>    </div><div id="bottom-notice-ns"><div class="icannwiki-section-header menu-text-shadow">Resources</div> <div class="icannwiki-colored-box"> <p><span class="icannwiki-bold icannwiki-automatic-text">ICANNWiki:</span> <a href="/ICANNWiki:Content_Guide" title="ICANNWiki:Content Guide">Content Guide</a> | <a href="/ICANNWiki:Documentation" title="ICANNWiki:Documentation">Documentation</a> | <a href="/ICANNWiki:ICANNWiki_Development" title="ICANNWiki:ICANNWiki Development">Development</a> <span class="icannwiki-bold icannwiki-automatic-text">Categories:</span> <a href="/Category:Articles_needing_attention" title="Category:Articles needing attention">Articles needing attention</a> | <a href="/Category:Candidates_for_deletion" title="Category:Candidates for deletion">Candidates for deletion</a> <span class="icannwiki-bold icannwiki-automatic-text">Projects:</span> <a href="/ICANNWiki:Internet_%26_Digital_Governance_Library" title="ICANNWiki:Internet & Digital Governance Library">Internet & Digital Governance Library</a> </p> </div></div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://icannwiki.org/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&oldid=1306929">https://icannwiki.org/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&oldid=1306929</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/Category:Glossary" title="Category:Glossary">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/Category:DNS_Policy" title="Category:DNS Policy">DNS Policy</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 February 2021, at 17:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> <li id="footer-info-viewcount">This page has been accessed 125,398 times.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="/ICANNWiki:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/ICANNWiki:About">About ICANNWiki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/ICANNWiki:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="https://icannwiki.org/index.php?title=New_gTLD_Program&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/resources/assets/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa.png" alt="Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":80,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.076","walltime":"0.078","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1173,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":313,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":100},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":36618,"limit":5000000},"timingprofile":["100.00% 40.028 1 -total"," 35.23% 14.102 1 Template:Reflist"," 5.75% 2.300 1 Template:RightTOC"]},"cachereport":{"timestamp":"20250323012221","ttl":86400,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script>  </body> </html>