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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jean Messiha</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Messiha,_mars_2022_(52104100348).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Jean_Messiha%2C_mars_2022_%2852104100348%29.jpg/220px-Jean_Messiha%2C_mars_2022_%2852104100348%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Jean_Messiha%2C_mars_2022_%2852104100348%29.jpg/330px-Jean_Messiha%2C_mars_2022_%2852104100348%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Jean_Messiha%2C_mars_2022_%2852104100348%29.jpg/440px-Jean_Messiha%2C_mars_2022_%2852104100348%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="2198" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Messiha in 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Hossam Boutros Messiha</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1970-09-10</span>) </span>10 September 1970<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 54)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Egyptian<br />French (since 1990)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d'administration">École nationale d'administration</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Economist, civil servant, political advisor, commentator</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a> (2022–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a> (2016–2020)<br /><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (2020–2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/History_of_far-right_movements_in_France" title="History of far-right movements in France">Far-right</a> on Internet and <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social networks</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_France" title="Category:Conservatism in France">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154e9d; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism in France</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism#French_integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalism">Royalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimists" title="Legitimists">Legitimism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkozysm" title="Sarkozysm">Sarkozysm</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#France" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary#France" title="Counter-revolutionary">Counter-revolution</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme#France" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">French culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_France" title="Monarchism in France">Restauration</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitics#Contemporary_politics" title="Metapolitics">Metapolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)#France" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Politique_naturelle#The_natural_order" title="La Politique naturelle">Natural order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Sovereigntism" title="Sovereigntism">Souverainisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monarchiens" title="Monarchiens">Monarchiens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_and_Royal_Armies" title="Catholic and Royal Armies">Catholic and Royal Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction" title="Thermidorian Reaction">Thermidorian Reaction</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></i></span> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chouan" title="Chouan">Chouan</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">First White Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Jehu" title="Companions of Jehu">Companions of Jehu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muscadins" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscadins">Muscadins</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_White_Terror" title="Second White Terror">Second White Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-royalists">Ultra-royalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Daudet_affair" title="Philippe Daudet affair">Philippe Daudet affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961" title="Algiers putsch of 1961">Algiers putsch of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_The_Republicans_alliance_crisis" title="2024 The Republicans alliance crisis">2024 The Republicans alliance crisis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Ballanche" title="Pierre-Simon Ballanche">Ballanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Barbey_d%27Aurevilly" title="Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly">Barbey d'Aurevilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Barruel" title="Augustin Barruel">Barruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Blanc_de_Saint-Bonnet" title="Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet">Blanc de Saint-Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Bloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">de Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boutang" title="Pierre Boutang">Boutang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Bruckner" title="Pascal Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Bruneti%C3%A8re" title="Ferdinand Brunetière">Brunetière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cau_(writer)" title="Jean Cau (writer)">Cau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Denis_Fustel_de_Coulanges" title="Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges">Fustel de Coulanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Daudet" title="Léon Daudet">Daudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Dum%C3%A9zil" title="Georges Dumézil">Dumézil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Fabr%C3%A8gues" title="Jean de Fabrègues">de Fabrègues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Freund" title="Julien Freund">Freund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Girardet" title="Raoul Girardet">Girardet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_thinking_of_Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau">Social thinking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Houellebecq" title="Michel Houellebecq">Houellebecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_de_Jouvenel" title="Bertrand de Jouvenel">de Jouvenel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">de La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Jules Lemaître">Lemaître</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lugan" title="Bernard Lugan">Lugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Madiran" title="Jean Madiran">Madiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">de Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_Augustin_Morel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bénédict Augustin Morel">Morel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Maffesoli" title="Michel Maffesoli">Maffesoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Maulnier" title="Thierry Maulnier">Maulnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Nimier" title="Roger Nimier">Nimier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Poulat" title="Émile Poulat">Poulat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_R%C3%A9mond" title="René Rémond">Rémond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Rivarol" title="Antoine de Rivarol">de Rivarol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rueff" title="Jacques Rueff">Rueff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Salleron" title="Louis Salleron">Salleron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">de Tocqueville</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Considerations_on_France" title="Considerations on France">Considerations on France</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1796)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_Illustrating_the_History_of_Jacobinism" title="Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism">Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1797)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_of_Christianity" title="The Genius of Christianity">The Genius of Christianity</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1802)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pope_(book)" title="The Pope (book)">The Pope</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1819)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg_Dialogues" title="St Petersburg Dialogues">St Petersburg Dialogues</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1821)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ancient_City" title="The Ancient City">The Ancient City</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1864)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_a_Nation%3F" title="What Is a Nation?">What Is a Nation?</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1882)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crowd:_A_Study_of_the_Popular_Mind" title="The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind">The Crowd</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1895)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enqu%C3%AAte_sur_la_monarchie" title="Enquête sur la monarchie">Inquiry into the Monarchy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1900)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Avenir_de_l%27intelligence" title="L'Avenir de l'intelligence">"The Future of the Intelligentsia"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Political_Ideas" title="My Political Ideas">My Political Ideas</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reign_of_Quantity_and_the_Signs_of_the_Times" title="The Reign of Quantity and the Signs of the Times">The Reign of Quantity</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1945)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Opium_of_the_Intellectuals" title="The Opium of the Intellectuals">The Opium of the Intellectuals</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1955)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_the_Sacred" title="Violence and the Sacred">Violence and the Sacred</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Camp_of_the_Saints" title="The Camp of the Saints">The Camp of the Saints</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tyranny_of_Guilt" title="The Tyranny of Guilt">The Tyranny of Guilt</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_French_Suicide" title="The French Suicide">The French Suicide</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Submission_(novel)" title="Submission (novel)">Submission</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Bardella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Bellamy" title="François-Xavier Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">de Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cathelineau" title="Jacques Cathelineau">Cathelineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Ciotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yann_Fou%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Yann Fouéré">Fouéré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Holeindre" title="Roger Holeindre">Holeindre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_K%C3%A9rillis" title="Henri de Kérillis">de Kérillis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Le Pen (Jean-Marie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen (Marine)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marine_Le_Pen" title="Political positions of Marine Le Pen">Political positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">Malraux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_de_MacMahon" title="Patrice de MacMahon">MacMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Messiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Messmer" title="Pierre Messmer">Messmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse">Pécresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Peyrefitte" title="Alain Peyrefitte">Peyrefitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Poisson" title="Jean-Frédéric Poisson">Poisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">de Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Retailleau" title="Bruno Retailleau">Retailleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque" title="François de La Rocque">de La Rocque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_La_Tour_du_Pin" title="René de La Tour du Pin">de La Tour du Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent-Marie_Vi%C3%A9not,_Count_of_Vaublanc" title="Vincent-Marie Viénot, Count of Vaublanc">de Vaublanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Vill%C3%A8le" title="Joseph de Villèle">de Villèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Villiers" title="Philippe de Villiers">de Villiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Barbier" title="Christophe Barbier">Barbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Buisson" title="Patrick Buisson">Buisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Count_of_Paris" title="Jean, Count of Paris">Count of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz-Olivier_Giesbert" title="Franz-Olivier Giesbert">Giesbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_de_Girardin" title="Émile de Girardin">de Girardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFs_d%27Escufon" title="Thaïs d'Escufon">d'Escufon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Jamet" title="Dominique Jamet">Jamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_L%C3%A9vy" title="Élisabeth Lévy">Lévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Marmin" title="Michel Marmin">Marmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Massis" title="Henri Massis">Massis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Maulnier" title="Thierry Maulnier">Maulnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M%C3%A9nard" title="Robert Ménard">Ménard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Mougeotte" title="Étienne Mougeotte">Mougeotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Nay" title="Catherine Nay">Nay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Obertone" title="Laurent Obertone">Obertone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orcival" title="François d'Orcival">d'Orcival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_d%27Ornellas" title="Charlotte d'Ornellas">d'Ornellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pauwels" title="Louis Pauwels">Pauwels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pujo" title="Maurice Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Sastre" title="Peggy Sastre">Sastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S%C3%A9rant" title="Paul Sérant">Sérant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Venner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Royale" title="Alliance Royale">Alliance Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">Debout la France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Future" title="French Future">French Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nationalists_(France)" title="The Nationalists (France)">The Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Movement" title="National Republican Movement">National Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_with_Confidence" title="Future with Confidence">Future with Confidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_of_Independents_and_Peasants" title="National Centre of Independents and Peasants">National Centre of Independents & Peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republicans" title="Senate Republicans">Senate Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyons_libres" title="Soyons libres">Soyons libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIA,_the_Way_of_the_People" title="VIA, the Way of the People">VIA, the Way of the People</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republican_Alliance" title="Democratic Republican Alliance">Democratic Republican Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Agrarian_and_Peasant_Party" title="French Agrarian and Peasant Party">French Agrarian and Peasant Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Social_Party" title="French Social Party">French Social Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_France" title="Movement for France">Movement for France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Radicals" title="Independent Radicals">Independent Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Republicans" title="Independent Republicans">Independent Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Order" title="Party of Order">Party of Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_French_People" title="Rally of the French People">Rally of the French People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Liberal_Action" title="Popular Liberal Action">Popular Liberal Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_France" title="Rally for France">Rally for France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">Rally for the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Federation" title="Republican Federation">Republican Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_Party_(France)" title="Resistance Party (France)">Resistance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_New_Republic" title="Union for the New Republic">Union for the New Republic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise_(post_Liberation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Action Française (post Liberation)">Action Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrefour_de_l%27Horloge" title="Carrefour de l'Horloge">Carrefour de l'Horloge</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)</span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_catholique" title="Cité catholique">Cité catholique</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Groupement_de_Recherche_et_d%27%C3%89tudes_pour_la_Civilisation_Europ%C3%A9enne" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupement de Recherche et d'Études pour la Civilisation Européenne">Groupement de Recherche et d'Études<br />pour la Civilisation Européenne</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_and_Liberty_Movement" title="Initiative and Liberty Movement">Initiative and Liberty Movement</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Manif_pour_tous" title="La Manif pour tous">La Manif pour tous</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Life_(Paris)" title="March for Life (Paris)">March for Life</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Action_Royaliste" title="Nouvelle Action Royaliste">Nouvelle Action Royaliste</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_national_de_la_jeunesse" title="Rassemblement national de la jeunesse">Rassemblement national de la jeunesse</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Student_Cockade" title="Student Cockade">Student Cockade</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDR_group" title="UDR group">UDR group</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Union_Nationale_Inter-universitaire" title="Union Nationale Inter-universitaire">Union Nationale Inter-universitaire</a></i></span></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise_(pre_Liberation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Action Française (pre Liberation)">Action Française (pre Liberation)</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Camelots_du_Roi" title="Camelots du Roi">Camelots du Roi</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cercle_Proudhon" title="Cercle Proudhon">Cercle Proudhon</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Civitas_(movement)" title="Civitas (movement)">Civitas</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Croix-de-Feu" title="Croix-de-Feu">Croix-de-Feu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Republicans" title="Independent Republicans">Independent Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussards_(literary_movement)" title="Hussards (literary movement)">Hussards</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27Action_Civique" title="Service d'Action Civique">Service d'Action Civique</a></i></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantico" title="Atlantico">Atlantico</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNews" title="CNews">CNews</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments" title="Éléments">Éléments</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Famille_chr%C3%A9tienne" title="Famille chrétienne">Famille chrétienne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89cho_du_Sud" title="L'Écho du Sud">L'Écho du Sud</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Croix_(newspaper)" title="La Croix (newspaper)">La Croix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Libert%C3%A9_(France)" title="La Liberté (France)">La Liberté</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Nation_fran%C3%A7aise" title="La Nation française">La Nation française</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Presse_(French_newspaper)" title="La Presse (French newspaper)">La Presse</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro_Magazine" title="Le Figaro Magazine">Le Figaro Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sent" title="Présent">Présent</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minute_(newspaper)" title="Minute (newspaper)">Minute</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_%C3%89cole" title="Nouvelle École">Nouvelle École</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Quotidien_de_Paris" title="Le Quotidien de Paris">Le Quotidien de Paris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Courtoisie" title="Radio Courtoisie">Radio Courtoisie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valeurs_actuelles" title="Valeurs actuelles">Valeurs actuelles</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Archeofuturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeofuturism">Archeofuturism</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_philosophers" title="Clerical philosophers">Clerical philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Right" title="European New Right">European New Right</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/France_profonde" title="France profonde">France profonde</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French%E2%80%93German_enmity" title="French–German enmity">French–German enmity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme_in_Argentina" title="Maurrassisme in Argentina"><i>Maurrassisme</i> in Argentina</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ligues_d%27extr%C3%AAme_droite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligues d'extrême droite">Ligues d'extrême droite</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remigration#France" title="Remigration">Remigration</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Sinistrisme" title="Sinistrisme">Sinistrisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereigntist_Right_(French_politics)" title="Sovereigntist Right (French politics)">Sovereigntist Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocqueville_effect" title="Tocqueville effect">Tocqueville effect</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_France" title="Template:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_France" title="Template talk:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jean Messiha</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒɑ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>mesja]</a></span>; born <b>Hossam Boutros Messiha</b>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حسام بطرس مسيحة</span>‎, 10 September 1970) is an Egyptian-born French <a href="/wiki/French_far_right" class="mw-redirect" title="French far right">far-right</a> economist, media personality, and formerly a politician and senior civil servant. He was appointed Deputy Undersecretary of Management at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Armed_Forces_(France)" title="Ministry of Armed Forces (France)">Ministry of Defence</a> in 2014 before he joined the <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Front</a> (FN) in 2016, when he became spokesman of Horaces, a group of high-ranking civil servants and business executives who meet once a month to discuss the party platform. Messiha stood as a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">2017 legislative election</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Aisne%27s_4th_constituency" title="Aisne's 4th constituency">4th constituency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a>. </p><p>In 2020, he left the party to assume the presidency of the Apollon Institute, a far-right think tank.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Messiha joined presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Éric Zemmour</a>'s newly-founded <a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a> party and became its spokesman. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Messiha&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Messiha was born Hossam Boutros Messiha in 1970 in Cairo, Egypt, to a family of <a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">Coptic Christians</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his father was a diplomat.<sup id="cite_ref-lepointunhautfonctionnaire_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepointunhautfonctionnaire-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-libeuncadreatypique_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libeuncadreatypique-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lived in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, Colombia from the age of 3 to 7.<sup id="cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of 8, he arrived with his family in France, reportedly "not speaking a word of French". He then grew up in <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lepointunhautfonctionnaire_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepointunhautfonctionnaire-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-libeuncadreatypique_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libeuncadreatypique-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, upon his naturalisation as a French citizen, he changed his first name to Jean. </p><p>Messiha graduated from <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a>, where one of his professors was <a href="/wiki/Henri_Guaino" title="Henri Guaino">Henri Guaino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned a PhD in Economics.<sup id="cite_ref-lepointunhautfonctionnaire_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepointunhautfonctionnaire-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His thesis was about the budgetary policies of the <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Amsterdam Treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d'administration">École nationale d'administration</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-libeuncadreatypique_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libeuncadreatypique-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Messiha&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Messiha began his career as a high-ranking civil servant in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-libeuncadreatypique_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libeuncadreatypique-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed as Deputy Undersecretary of Management at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Armed_Forces_(France)" title="Ministry of Armed Forces (France)">Ministry of Defence</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-libeuncadreatypique_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libeuncadreatypique-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Messiha became an advisor to National Rally leader <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-libeuncadreatypique_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libeuncadreatypique-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2016, he became the spokesman of the "Horaces", a group of high-ranking civil servants and business executives, supporting Marine Le Pen, who meet once a month and discuss the political platform of the National Rally.<sup id="cite_ref-libeuncadreatypique_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libeuncadreatypique-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lepointunhautfonctionnaire_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepointunhautfonctionnaire-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mariannejeanlenouveau_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mariannejeanlenouveau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the group announces more than 155 members, Messiha is the only one whose name has been publicly known so far.<sup id="cite_ref-mariannejeanlenouveau_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mariannejeanlenouveau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Dominique Albertini of <i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a></i>, Messiha's role within the National Rally is to represent "the drawing power of [the party] towards high-ranking civil servants".<sup id="cite_ref-libeuncadreatypique_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libeuncadreatypique-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Messiha has asserted his belief in <a href="/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus">Renaud Camus</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Replacement">Great Replacement conspiracy theory</a>, whereby Christian populations are being "replaced" through non-European immigration, specifically from Muslim and African countries.<sup id="cite_ref-lepointunhautfonctionnaire_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepointunhautfonctionnaire-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On social media, he has expressed that Islam is at odds with France's republican system.<sup id="cite_ref-lepointunhautfonctionnaire_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepointunhautfonctionnaire-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also a critic of the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">2017 French legislative election</a> to represent <a href="/wiki/Aisne%27s_4th_constituency" title="Aisne's 4th constituency">Aisne's 4th constituency</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lepointunhautfonctionnaire_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepointunhautfonctionnaire-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mariannejeanlenouveau_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mariannejeanlenouveau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Messiha was defeated in the second round by <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">La République En Marche!</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Marc_Delatte" title="Marc Delatte">Marc Delatte</a>, with 43.73% of valid votes against Delatte's 56.27%.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2020, several news outlets reported that Messiha was going to leave the National Rally.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was later confirmed by Messiha, who announced his departure in an interview published in <i><a href="/wiki/Valeurs_actuelles" title="Valeurs actuelles">Valeurs actuelles</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2021, Jean Messiha made the headlines<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in affirming the existence of a "black privilege" during the <a href="/wiki/46th_C%C3%A9sar_Awards" title="46th César Awards">46th César Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Citation from gossip news magazine "Public". (June 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 French presidential election</a>, Messiha has supported the candidacy of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Éric Zemmour</a>. </p><p>According to the news website <a href="/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart">Mediapart</a>, he continued to receive salaries from the Defense ministry from 2017 to 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 November 2023 Arcom decided to classify Jean Mesiha as "personalities of various right-wingers". Speaking time on television sets is therefore deducted from the allocated time.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_presence_and_activism">Media presence and activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Messiha&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Media presence and activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the late 2010s, Messiha's fame has grown in France, mainly due to his interventions in the TV shows of <a href="/wiki/C8_(French_TV_channel)" title="C8 (French TV channel)">C8</a> and <a href="/wiki/CNews" title="CNews">CNews</a> and his activities on <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social networks</a>. </p><p>In 2020, the French website <a href="/wiki/Arr%C3%AAt_sur_images" title="Arrêt sur images">Arrêt sur images</a> indicates Messiha is "the favourite RN's member of <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Canal%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe Canal+">Canal+ group</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, his debate with Yassine Belattar has exceed 700 000 views on Youtube.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Speaking enormously and very often on the social networks, his number of subscribers on Twitter increased from 40 000 in 2019<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 110 000 in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2021, his Twitter account has been suspended because of his words judged hateful.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it has been reactivated in January 2023 following <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">the acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk</a>. </p><p>In July 2023, he organised on the GoFundMe website a fundraiser in favour of the family of <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nahel_Merzouk" title="Killing of Nahel Merzouk">the policeman indicted for killing Nahel Merzouk</a>. It raised more than a million euros in a few days.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Messiha&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Messiha <a href="/wiki/French_nationality_law" title="French nationality law">became a naturalised French citizen</a> at the age of 20,<sup id="cite_ref-lesinrocksquandlibe_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lesinrocksquandlibe-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> changing his first name to "Jean" in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-libeuncadreatypique_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libeuncadreatypique-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has described himself as a "naturalized <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">ethnic Frenchman</a>" (French: <i lang="fr">Français de souche par naturalisation</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-lepointunhautfonctionnaire_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepointunhautfonctionnaire-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "Arab outside, French inside".<sup id="cite_ref-libeuncadreatypique_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libeuncadreatypique-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2017, he was surprised to learn that, in spite of his naturalisation, he was still considered an immigrant by the national statistics bureau of France, <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques</a> (INSEE).<sup id="cite_ref-lesinrocksquandlibe_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lesinrocksquandlibe-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Messiha&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/generation-identitaire-au-coeur-de-lultradroite-decomplexee-26-03-2021-CMI6DQQPIVBK7D3WNY4PXEJF3U.php">"Génération identitaire, au cœur de l'ultradroite décomplexée"</a>. <i>leparisien.fr</i> (in French). 26 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=leparisien.fr&rft.atitle=G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration+identitaire%2C+au+c%C5%93ur+de+l%27ultradroite+d%C3%A9complex%C3%A9e&rft.date=2021-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fgeneration-identitaire-au-coeur-de-lultradroite-decomplexee-26-03-2021-CMI6DQQPIVBK7D3WNY4PXEJF3U.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Messiha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-valeursactuellesjeanmessihalautreenarque_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFolch2017" class="citation news cs1">Folch, Arnaud (12 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valeursactuelles.com/politique/jean-messiha-lautre-enarque-de-marine-le-pen-66333">"Jean Messiha : l'autre énarque de Marine Le Pen"</a>. <i>Valeurs actuelles</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=l%27Opinion&rft.atitle=Jean+Messiha%2C+le+ferrailleur+venu+d%27Egypte+du+RN&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lopinion.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fjean-messiha-le-ferrailleur-venu-degypte-du-rn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Messiha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20201103.OBS35601/info-obs-jean-messiha-va-quitter-le-rn.html">"INFO OBS. Jean Messiha va quitter le RN"</a>. <i>L'Obs</i> (in French). 3 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Obs&rft.atitle=INFO+OBS.+Jean+Messiha+va+quitter+le+RN&rft.date=2020-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Fpolitique%2F20201103.OBS35601%2Finfo-obs-jean-messiha-va-quitter-le-rn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Messiha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrustier2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brustier, Gaël (5 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slate.fr/story/213921/jean-messiha-infortunes-privatisation-censure-compte-twitter-suppression-definitive">"Jean Messiha, le retour de bâton d'une parole investie quasi-exclusivement sur les réseaux privés"</a>. <i>Slate.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate.fr&rft.atitle=Jean+Messiha%2C+le+retour+de+b%C3%A2ton+d%27une+parole+investie+quasi-exclusivement+sur+les+r%C3%A9seaux+priv%C3%A9s&rft.date=2021-08-05&rft.aulast=Brustier&rft.aufirst=Ga%C3%ABl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.fr%2Fstory%2F213921%2Fjean-messiha-infortunes-privatisation-censure-compte-twitter-suppression-definitive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Messiha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2023/07/03/emeutes-comment-l-extreme-droite-instrumentalise-une-cagnotte-pour-la-famille-du-policier_6180372_3224.html">"Emeutes : comment l'extrême droite instrumentalise la cagnotte de soutien à la famille du policier"</a>. <i>Le Monde.fr</i> (in French). 3 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=Emeutes+%3A+comment+l%27extr%C3%AAme+droite+instrumentalise+la+cagnotte+de+soutien+%C3%A0+la+famille+du+policier&rft.date=2023-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2023%2F07%2F03%2Femeutes-comment-l-extreme-droite-instrumentalise-une-cagnotte-pour-la-famille-du-policier_6180372_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Messiha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lesinrocksquandlibe-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lesinrocksquandlibe_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lesinrocksquandlibe_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesinrocks.com/2017/02/news/libe-apprend-a-porte-parole-fn-quil-immigre/">"Quand "Libé" apprend à un porte-parole du FN qu'il est immigré"</a>. <i>Les Inrocks</i>. 10 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Les+Inrocks&rft.atitle=Quand+%22Lib%C3%A9%22+apprend+%C3%A0+un+porte-parole+du+FN+qu%27il+est+immigr%C3%A9&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesinrocks.com%2F2017%2F02%2Fnews%2Flibe-apprend-a-porte-parole-fn-quil-immigre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Messiha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Jean Messiha fortune Jean Messiha, figure éminente des médias et de la politique française, est connu pour ses opinions d’extrême droite et sa longue carrière d’économiste, de fonctionnaire et de commentateur. Né Hossam Boutros Messiha au Caire, en Égypte, le 10 septembre 1970, Messiha est ensuite devenu citoyen français et a adopté le nom de Jean lors de sa naturalisation en 1990. </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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