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data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell","location":"/LisaOConnell","scheme":"https","host":"acu-au.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/LisaOConnell","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-144ddbaa-71c8-45f7-bb6d-42f17b68ae24"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-144ddbaa-71c8-45f7-bb6d-42f17b68ae24"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Lisa O'Connell" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/987443/11878041/13237124/s200_lisa.o_connell.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Lisa O'Connell</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://acu-au.academia.edu/">Australian Catholic University</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://acu-au.academia.edu/Departments/Institute_for_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences/Documents">Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://uniqld.academia.edu/">University of Queensland</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://uniqld.academia.edu/Departments/School_of_Communication_and_Arts/Documents">School of Communication and Arts</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Honorary A/Prof</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Lisa" data-follow-user-id="987443" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="987443"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">178</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">15</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/LisaOConnell/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Lisa O'Connell <br />Associate Professor, English Literature,<br />Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences,<br />Australian Catholic University,  East Melbourne, Victoria <br />Vice-President, Australia & New Zealand Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://swin.academia.edu/AngelaNdalianis"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Angela Ndalianis" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/35996/11904/35351968/s200_angela.ndalianis.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a 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id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>64</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>2</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a 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paper thumbnail of The Character Effect" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116669939/The_Character_Effect">The Character Effect</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Novel: A Forum on Fiction</span><span>, Jun 1, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">David Brewer&amp;#x27;s The Afterlife of Character is a major contribution to the recent and ongo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">David Brewer&amp;#x27;s The Afterlife of Character is a major contribution to the recent and ongoing scholarly investigation into literary character. That investigation can itself be viewed as a moment in the afterlife of high theory as poststructuralism gave way to historicism, to ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116669939"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116669939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116669939; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834721]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834721]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834721; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834721']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834718"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834718/Matrimonial_Ceremonies_Displayed_Popular_Ethnography_and_Enlightened_Imperialism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Matrimonial Ceremonies Displayed": Popular Ethnography and Enlightened Imperialism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106388007/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834718/Matrimonial_Ceremonies_Displayed_Popular_Ethnography_and_Enlightened_Imperialism">Matrimonial Ceremonies Displayed": Popular Ethnography and Enlightened Imperialism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Eighteenth-century Life</span><span>, Oct 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Spearheaded by Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act of 1753, English marriage reform of the mid eighteen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Spearheaded by Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act of 1753, English marriage reform of the mid eighteenth century changed both the concept and practice of marriage. Indeed, it enabled marriage to become a pivot for new relations between government and the lives of citizens. This transformation was achieved not through sweeping legislative reform, nor by a usurpation of the church's traditional role in the formalization of weddings, but by a redefinition of the English marriage rite. The Marriage Act determined rules for the time, place, and registration of legal weddings, decreeing that the only valid form of English marriage was one "performed by an ordained priest according to the Anglican Liturgy in. .. the Established Church after thrice called banns or the purchase of a license from the bishop." In doing so it terminated an older, ecclesiastical marriage code for which marriage had been, in essence, an exchange of vows performed before two witnesses. This shift from marriage loosely defined as a speech act to marriage defined and regulated through strict ceremonial requirements and bureaucratic procedures hardened the boundaries between legitimate and illegitimate marriages and narrowed the forms and social meanings of marriage per se. Whereas the nuptial practices of the aristocracy, rural workers, and urban wage earners, for instance, had varied widely</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="046a1ddcd7e268bc23186fb18f8d2f63" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106388007,"asset_id":107834718,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106388007/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834718"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834718"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834718; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834717"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834717/Marriage_Acts_Stages_in_the_Transformation_of_Modern_Nuptial_Culture"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Marriage Acts: Stages in the Transformation of Modern Nuptial Culture" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834717/Marriage_Acts_Stages_in_the_Transformation_of_Modern_Nuptial_Culture">Marriage Acts: Stages in the Transformation of Modern Nuptial Culture</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Differences</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">lisa o&#39;connell teaches at the University of Queensland. Her dissertation is on the representa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">lisa o&#39;connell teaches at the University of Queensland. Her dissertation is on the representation of marriage and sexuality in eighteenth-century print and stage cultures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834717"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834717"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834717; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834717]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834717]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834717; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834717']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834717]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834717,"title":"Marriage Acts: Stages in the Transformation of Modern Nuptial Culture","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834717/Marriage_Acts_Stages_in_the_Transformation_of_Modern_Nuptial_Culture","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834716"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834716/Before_Frankenstein_Therese_Huber_and_the_Antipodean_Emergence_of_Political_Fiction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Before Frankenstein: Therese Huber and the Antipodean Emergence of Political Fiction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106387969/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834716/Before_Frankenstein_Therese_Huber_and_the_Antipodean_Emergence_of_Political_Fiction">Before Frankenstein: Therese Huber and the Antipodean Emergence of Political Fiction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Postcolonial Studies</span><span>, Jul 2, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Therese Huber's Abentheuer auf einer Reise nach Neu-Holland (1793-94) was the first European nove...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Therese Huber's Abentheuer auf einer Reise nach Neu-Holland (1793-94) was the first European novel to be set in the Antipodes, emerging directly out of post-revolutionary German romanticism. It ventriloquises the voice of Huber's estranged husband, Georg Forster, a revolutionary, naturalist and Pacific voyager, to tell the story of Forster's return to Australia, and thence to imagine a mode of liberation centred on family and community rather than the nation-state or cosmopolitan politics. The newly established penal colony is constructed as a terra nullius in which 'love and humanity' as well as sacrifice can replace the old hierarchical social order. This essay explores unnoticed connections between Huber's European and female-orientated colonialist fantasy of Australian emptiness and the emerging genre of the political novel in Britain, as spearheaded by William Godwin and his circle and as later developed in Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's Frankenstein (1818). It does so in order to acknowledge and affirm Huber's neglected German-language contribution to the early Australian literary archive and to extend our understanding of the global dynamics that underpinned emerging eighteenth-century literary forms.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8c510dd64a32f11fcf14c9e1ce922057" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106387969,"asset_id":107834716,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106387969/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834716"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834716"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834716; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834712"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834712/The_Origins_of_the_English_Marriage_Plot_Literature_Politics_and_Religion_in_the_Eighteenth_Century"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Origins of the English Marriage Plot: Literature, Politics and Religion in the Eighteenth Century" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834712/The_Origins_of_the_English_Marriage_Plot_Literature_Politics_and_Religion_in_the_Eighteenth_Century">The Origins of the English Marriage Plot: Literature, Politics and Religion in the Eighteenth Century</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Why did marriage become central to the English novel in the eighteenth century? As clandestine we...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Why did marriage become central to the English novel in the eighteenth century? As clandestine weddings and the unruly culture that surrounded them began to threaten power and property, questions about where and how to marry became urgent matters of public debate. In 1753, in an unprecedented and controversial use of state power, Lord Chancellor Hardwicke mandated Anglican church weddings as marriage&#39;s only legal form. Resistance to his Marriage Act would fuel a new kind of realist marriage plot in England and help to produce political radicalism as we know it. Focussing on how major authors from Samuel Richardson to Jane Austen made church weddings a lynchpin of their fiction, The Origins of the English Marriage Plot offers a truly innovative account of the rise of the novel by telling the story of the English marriage plot&#39;s engagement with the most compelling political and social questions of its time</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834712"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834712"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834712; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834712]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834712]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834712; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834712']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834712]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834712,"title":"The Origins of the English Marriage Plot: Literature, Politics and Religion in the Eighteenth Century","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834712/The_Origins_of_the_English_Marriage_Plot_Literature_Politics_and_Religion_in_the_Eighteenth_Century","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834709"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834709/Mum_budget_Henry_Fielding_and_the_articulations_of_audibility"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mum budget': Henry Fielding and the articulations of audibility" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106387953/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834709/Mum_budget_Henry_Fielding_and_the_articulations_of_audibility">Mum budget': Henry Fielding and the articulations of audibility</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">T his article explor es r elations among three different eighteenth-century domains. The first I ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">T his article explor es r elations among three different eighteenth-century domains. The first I will call "the audible"; the second covers government censorship and the political structure underpinning it; and the third is literary culture. More specifically, I will examine the final phase of Henry Fielding's theatrical career as a key moment for literary culture's response to new governmental attempts to control audibility. My analysis will place Fielding's 1736-37 Haymarket stage sensation Pasquin: A Dramatick Satire on the Times alongside his little-known "Mum Budget" letter, an anonymous and ironical celebration of silence, published in the wake of the Walpole government's stage Licensing Act of 1737, which effectively closed down the Haymarket and other illegitimate theaters. Pasquin and "Mum Budget" belong to a short era of irregular eighteenth-century stage comedy in which irreverent humor and formal experiment were bound not just to cultural critique and political satire but also, and self-consciously, to audibility. Finally, so as to set my argument about literature, politics, and a regime of the audible into a context broad enough fully to suggest its possibilities, I will conclude by gesturing to William Wordsworth's innovative concept of sound, a concept that was also, arguably, a poetic practice. But why "the audible" precisely? The answer is because it is a very general notion that covers a set of subcategories whose relations are not fixed but, rather, are continually readjusted historically in response to shifting social forces. In fact, these subcategories are not distinct from one another, even if they do not neatly fold into one another either. For my interests, the most important such categories are sound, noise, music, voice, and speech. Of course, it might be said that all noise and all music are sounds. But not all sounds are noises or music, just as, for instance, all that is voiced is not spoken. This is particularly worth bearing in mind since one category of the</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bef9405654a1d23930529b5b06fe262d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106387953,"asset_id":107834709,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106387953/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834709"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834709"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834709; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834707"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834707/Incest_sexuality_and_modernity_Incest_and_the_English_novel"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Incest, sexuality, and modernity: Incest and the English novel" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834707/Incest_sexuality_and_modernity_Incest_and_the_English_novel">Incest, sexuality, and modernity: Incest and the English novel</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Novel: A Forum on Fiction</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Had Pollak considered the demand for free choice in marriage made by prominent oppositional figur...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Had Pollak considered the demand for free choice in marriage made by prominent oppositional figures like Charles James Fox, who regularly troped the parental control of children in marriage as slavery and viewed the rules for legal weddings as a diminution of British liberty, she might have supplemented her discussion of incest and slavery with a broader archive more nearly contemporary to Austen&#39;s novel. In this sense Pollak&#39;s work is suggestive for further work in the cultural history of the family, marriage and sexuality that seeks to treat both fiction and regimes of sex and gender not as epiphenomena of the broader field of political debate, but as key sites in the formation of modern culture.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834707"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834707"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834707; 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834706]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834706]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834706; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834706']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834705"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834705/The_Libertine_the_Rake_and_the_Dandy_Personae_Styles_and_Affects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Libertine, the Rake, and the Dandy: Personae, Styles, and Affects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834705/The_Libertine_the_Rake_and_the_Dandy_Personae_Styles_and_Affects">The Libertine, the Rake, and the Dandy: Personae, Styles, and Affects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cambridge University Press eBooks</span><span>, Nov 17, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The parade of sexualized personae that features in this chapter’s title carries a history. Libert...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The parade of sexualized personae that features in this chapter’s title carries a history. Libertines, rakes, and dandies are figures that occur in a sequence that begins in the sixteenth century and effectively comes to an end by the twentieth century, although, admittedly, it is a sequence marked by overlaps and ambiguities. And it is a history each of these figures shares with others. They are jostled by less prominent figures with somewhat similar status: fops, macaronis, coxcombs, and coquettes - to select some eighteenth-century &quot;characters&quot; from a survey recently compiled by Elaine McGirr. Libertines, rakes, and dandies are also defined in the public sphere against a more respectable, if less spectacular, suite of types who more securely belong to the approved ethos: the pious Christian, the honest laborer, the connoisseur, the man of feeling, the bluestocking - again to select at random. It is no coincidence that the spectrum of types evoked here only approximately corresponds to a modern axis of queerness. Certainly the libertine tradition is marked by the practices and pre-formations of homosexuality - sodomy, sapphism, male effeminacy, homosociability, and so forth - and by the discursive idioms of wit, playfulness, and irony that we readily associate with queer sensibility. Yet libertinism is equally characterized by casual misogyny, phallic violence, voyeurism, female passivity, and other hallmarks of a long, historically entrenched heterosexism. So libertines, rakes, and dandies play a significant part in lesbian and gay literary history, but they do so by showing (once again) that that history did not know a hard hetero-homo distinction until comparatively recently. Indeed, it may be that the emergence of that distinction in its modern form marked the end of the older libertine-rake-dandy assemblage that is under discussion here.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834705"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834705]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834705]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834705; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834705']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834704]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834704]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834704; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834704']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834704]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834704,"title":"Review Essay on Andrew Elfenbein's Romantic Genius","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834704/Review_Essay_on_Andrew_Elfenbeins_Romantic_Genius","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834701"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834701/Literary_Sentimentalism_and_Post_Secular_Virtue"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Literary Sentimentalism and Post-Secular Virtue" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834701/Literary_Sentimentalism_and_Post_Secular_Virtue">Literary Sentimentalism and Post-Secular Virtue</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Eighteenth-century Life</span><span>, Apr 1, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent scholarly work by Jürgen Habermas, Judith Butler, and others posits a new cultural domain ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent scholarly work by Jürgen Habermas, Judith Butler, and others posits a new cultural domain that is simultaneously religious and secular. Drawing on the sermons of John Tillotson and the fiction of Henry Fielding, this paper examines literary sentimentalism in this &quot;post-secular&quot; light. It aims to show that sentimentalism affirmed Christian virtues such as charity and chastity, but it radically transmuted and displaced those virtues. In particular, it argues that sentimental fiction imaginatively negotiated the difficulties of practicing Christian virtue in a rapidly changing, commercial society heading into what Charles Taylor has recently called the &quot;immanent frame.&quot; Its heroes and heroines are best understood as virtuous Christians beset by new temptations, misunderstandings, seductions, which they generally, in the end, overcome. In this light, sentimentalism might be defined as a practice of Christian virtue without teleological ends or rewards. The rewards of virtue would appear to become virtual and immanent, available in the act of reading itself. And this is to merge religion with literature so that together they enter the logic of post-secularity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834701"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834701"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834701; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834701]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834701]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834701; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834701']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834701]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834701,"title":"Literary Sentimentalism and Post-Secular Virtue","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834701/Literary_Sentimentalism_and_Post_Secular_Virtue","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834699"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834699/Sir_Charles_Grandison_Natural_Law_and_the_Fictionalised_English_Gentleman"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sir Charles Grandison, Natural Law and the Fictionalised English Gentleman" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834699/Sir_Charles_Grandison_Natural_Law_and_the_Fictionalised_English_Gentleman">Sir Charles Grandison, Natural Law and the Fictionalised English Gentleman</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Intellectual History Review</span><span>, Sep 1, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article enquires into the relation between enlightened humanist conceptions of natural law a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article enquires into the relation between enlightened humanist conceptions of natural law and the period novel&#39;s fictionalization of the English gentleman in the context of its marriage plot. Marriage played a key role in enlightened theorisations of natural law precisely as an institution capable of grounding familial and civil life in an emerging concept of human nature. Yet public debate about the state&#39;s role in the regulation of marriage in mid-eighteenth-century England demonstrates that natural law lent itself to very different models of sovereignty and governance. The antinomies that characterized natural law&#39;s circulation in the English context are uniquely fictionalized in Samuel Richardson&#39;s last novel, Sir Charles Grandison (1753–54), a lengthy parallel narrative of failed courtship and matrimonial felicity that draws upon Pufendorf&#39;s model of natural law, yet is only partly implicated in its secular humanism. The novel&#39;s eponymous gentleman hero – a ‘Man of Religion and Virtue’ – exemplifies a mix of Anglican piety, civic virtue and disinterested sympathy that is sanctioned by natural law and sealed by the English marriage plot.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834699"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834699"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834699; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834699]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834699]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834699; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834699']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834699]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834699,"title":"Sir Charles Grandison, Natural Law and the Fictionalised English Gentleman","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834699/Sir_Charles_Grandison_Natural_Law_and_the_Fictionalised_English_Gentleman","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834698"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834698/Dislocating_Literature_The_Novel_and_the_Gretna_Green_Romance_1770_1850"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dislocating Literature: The Novel and the Gretna Green Romance, 1770-1850" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834698/Dislocating_Literature_The_Novel_and_the_Gretna_Green_Romance_1770_1850">Dislocating Literature: The Novel and the Gretna Green Romance, 1770-1850</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Novel: A Forum on Fiction</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Historians and theorists of the novel have rarely, if ever, noted that the genre&amp;#x27;s spiri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Historians and theorists of the novel have rarely, if ever, noted that the genre&amp;#x27;s spiritual home, at least in the minds of late eighteenth-century British conservative cultural commentators, was the Scottish border village of Gretna Green. When William Gilpin, the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834698"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834698"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834698; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834698]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834698]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834698; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834698']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834698]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834698,"title":"Dislocating Literature: The Novel and the Gretna Green Romance, 1770-1850","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834698/Dislocating_Literature_The_Novel_and_the_Gretna_Green_Romance_1770_1850","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834630"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834630/Mansfield_Park_and_Political_Theology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mansfield Park and Political Theology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106387924/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834630/Mansfield_Park_and_Political_Theology">Mansfield Park and Political Theology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Political Theology</span><span>, Oct 3, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This essay examines Jane Austen's Mansfield Park in the light of classical understandings of poli...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This essay examines Jane Austen's Mansfield Park in the light of classical understandings of political theology. It does so by placing the novel in its Anglican and Erastian contexts as well as by showing that it belongs to a lineage of English prose fiction, whose famous names are Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding, which also had theopolitical interests.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c0e83c63d755d399fd85cf39644c7ff7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106387924,"asset_id":107834630,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106387924/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834630"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834630; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834630]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834630; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834630']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="214378" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116669939"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116669939/The_Character_Effect"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Character Effect" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116669939/The_Character_Effect">The Character Effect</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Novel: A Forum on Fiction</span><span>, Jun 1, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">David Brewer&amp;#x27;s The Afterlife of Character is a major contribution to the recent and ongo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">David Brewer&amp;#x27;s The Afterlife of Character is a major contribution to the recent and ongoing scholarly investigation into literary character. That investigation can itself be viewed as a moment in the afterlife of high theory as poststructuralism gave way to historicism, to ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116669939"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116669939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116669939; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834718"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834718/Matrimonial_Ceremonies_Displayed_Popular_Ethnography_and_Enlightened_Imperialism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Matrimonial Ceremonies Displayed": Popular Ethnography and Enlightened Imperialism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106388007/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834718/Matrimonial_Ceremonies_Displayed_Popular_Ethnography_and_Enlightened_Imperialism">Matrimonial Ceremonies Displayed": Popular Ethnography and Enlightened Imperialism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Eighteenth-century Life</span><span>, Oct 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Spearheaded by Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act of 1753, English marriage reform of the mid eighteen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Spearheaded by Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act of 1753, English marriage reform of the mid eighteenth century changed both the concept and practice of marriage. Indeed, it enabled marriage to become a pivot for new relations between government and the lives of citizens. This transformation was achieved not through sweeping legislative reform, nor by a usurpation of the church's traditional role in the formalization of weddings, but by a redefinition of the English marriage rite. The Marriage Act determined rules for the time, place, and registration of legal weddings, decreeing that the only valid form of English marriage was one "performed by an ordained priest according to the Anglican Liturgy in. .. the Established Church after thrice called banns or the purchase of a license from the bishop." In doing so it terminated an older, ecclesiastical marriage code for which marriage had been, in essence, an exchange of vows performed before two witnesses. This shift from marriage loosely defined as a speech act to marriage defined and regulated through strict ceremonial requirements and bureaucratic procedures hardened the boundaries between legitimate and illegitimate marriages and narrowed the forms and social meanings of marriage per se. Whereas the nuptial practices of the aristocracy, rural workers, and urban wage earners, for instance, had varied widely</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="046a1ddcd7e268bc23186fb18f8d2f63" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106388007,"asset_id":107834718,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106388007/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834718"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834718"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834718; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834717"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834717/Marriage_Acts_Stages_in_the_Transformation_of_Modern_Nuptial_Culture"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Marriage Acts: Stages in the Transformation of Modern Nuptial Culture" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834717/Marriage_Acts_Stages_in_the_Transformation_of_Modern_Nuptial_Culture">Marriage Acts: Stages in the Transformation of Modern Nuptial Culture</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Differences</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">lisa o&#39;connell teaches at the University of Queensland. Her dissertation is on the representa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">lisa o&#39;connell teaches at the University of Queensland. Her dissertation is on the representation of marriage and sexuality in eighteenth-century print and stage cultures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834717"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834717"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834717; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834717]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834717]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834717; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834717']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834717]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834717,"title":"Marriage Acts: Stages in the Transformation of Modern Nuptial Culture","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834717/Marriage_Acts_Stages_in_the_Transformation_of_Modern_Nuptial_Culture","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834716"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834716/Before_Frankenstein_Therese_Huber_and_the_Antipodean_Emergence_of_Political_Fiction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Before Frankenstein: Therese Huber and the Antipodean Emergence of Political Fiction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106387969/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834716/Before_Frankenstein_Therese_Huber_and_the_Antipodean_Emergence_of_Political_Fiction">Before Frankenstein: Therese Huber and the Antipodean Emergence of Political Fiction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Postcolonial Studies</span><span>, Jul 2, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Therese Huber's Abentheuer auf einer Reise nach Neu-Holland (1793-94) was the first European nove...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Therese Huber's Abentheuer auf einer Reise nach Neu-Holland (1793-94) was the first European novel to be set in the Antipodes, emerging directly out of post-revolutionary German romanticism. It ventriloquises the voice of Huber's estranged husband, Georg Forster, a revolutionary, naturalist and Pacific voyager, to tell the story of Forster's return to Australia, and thence to imagine a mode of liberation centred on family and community rather than the nation-state or cosmopolitan politics. The newly established penal colony is constructed as a terra nullius in which 'love and humanity' as well as sacrifice can replace the old hierarchical social order. This essay explores unnoticed connections between Huber's European and female-orientated colonialist fantasy of Australian emptiness and the emerging genre of the political novel in Britain, as spearheaded by William Godwin and his circle and as later developed in Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's Frankenstein (1818). It does so in order to acknowledge and affirm Huber's neglected German-language contribution to the early Australian literary archive and to extend our understanding of the global dynamics that underpinned emerging eighteenth-century literary forms.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8c510dd64a32f11fcf14c9e1ce922057" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106387969,"asset_id":107834716,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106387969/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834716"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834716"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834716; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8c510dd64a32f11fcf14c9e1ce922057" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834716]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834716,"title":"Before Frankenstein: Therese Huber and the Antipodean Emergence of Political Fiction","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834716/Before_Frankenstein_Therese_Huber_and_the_Antipodean_Emergence_of_Political_Fiction","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[{"id":106387969,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106387969/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"13688790.2020.180211320231009-1-jl140f.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106387969/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Before_Frankenstein_Therese_Huber_and_th.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106387969/13688790.2020.180211320231009-1-jl140f-libre.pdf?1696831436=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBefore_Frankenstein_Therese_Huber_and_th.pdf\u0026Expires=1739817994\u0026Signature=DExsmaCj2a8t9YyrhbJ2VA7c-I-jqh5FXw4A0jjgbBJQIE6xrGVqbhI6VnX8Jnv7WajSHnbsR6rRbls3XRmGlJKwlhHgF7Ye2kKa4NuWDuappIvo2QyR2IV4JdesFe88v5HYEAL7RrcW2~khvAEIVFieB62weWZ0XZwoln1bCFRTAP-hh6U78T2MG6Z8m~ekFlt6kNRr74UXqSVBN8i62qyrnFb7Km2DP5kfAE7FpA29cTytr-gQqXv-YdJuSlGQlBSNbYhZeaBAAC8UgnMzG7RzXDJedB85AlQUApG2VV7I~8H6MjJv193ZUhh2mRuJK0f~FvdvujxSXc4PXRfQgw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834712"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834712/The_Origins_of_the_English_Marriage_Plot_Literature_Politics_and_Religion_in_the_Eighteenth_Century"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Origins of the English Marriage Plot: Literature, Politics and Religion in the Eighteenth Century" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834712/The_Origins_of_the_English_Marriage_Plot_Literature_Politics_and_Religion_in_the_Eighteenth_Century">The Origins of the English Marriage Plot: Literature, Politics and Religion in the Eighteenth Century</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Why did marriage become central to the English novel in the eighteenth century? As clandestine we...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Why did marriage become central to the English novel in the eighteenth century? As clandestine weddings and the unruly culture that surrounded them began to threaten power and property, questions about where and how to marry became urgent matters of public debate. In 1753, in an unprecedented and controversial use of state power, Lord Chancellor Hardwicke mandated Anglican church weddings as marriage&#39;s only legal form. Resistance to his Marriage Act would fuel a new kind of realist marriage plot in England and help to produce political radicalism as we know it. Focussing on how major authors from Samuel Richardson to Jane Austen made church weddings a lynchpin of their fiction, The Origins of the English Marriage Plot offers a truly innovative account of the rise of the novel by telling the story of the English marriage plot&#39;s engagement with the most compelling political and social questions of its time</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834712"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834712"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834712; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834712]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834712]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834712; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834712']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834712]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834712,"title":"The Origins of the English Marriage Plot: Literature, Politics and Religion in the Eighteenth Century","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834712/The_Origins_of_the_English_Marriage_Plot_Literature_Politics_and_Religion_in_the_Eighteenth_Century","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834709"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834709/Mum_budget_Henry_Fielding_and_the_articulations_of_audibility"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mum budget': Henry Fielding and the articulations of audibility" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106387953/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834709/Mum_budget_Henry_Fielding_and_the_articulations_of_audibility">Mum budget': Henry Fielding and the articulations of audibility</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">T his article explor es r elations among three different eighteenth-century domains. The first I ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">T his article explor es r elations among three different eighteenth-century domains. The first I will call "the audible"; the second covers government censorship and the political structure underpinning it; and the third is literary culture. More specifically, I will examine the final phase of Henry Fielding's theatrical career as a key moment for literary culture's response to new governmental attempts to control audibility. My analysis will place Fielding's 1736-37 Haymarket stage sensation Pasquin: A Dramatick Satire on the Times alongside his little-known "Mum Budget" letter, an anonymous and ironical celebration of silence, published in the wake of the Walpole government's stage Licensing Act of 1737, which effectively closed down the Haymarket and other illegitimate theaters. Pasquin and "Mum Budget" belong to a short era of irregular eighteenth-century stage comedy in which irreverent humor and formal experiment were bound not just to cultural critique and political satire but also, and self-consciously, to audibility. Finally, so as to set my argument about literature, politics, and a regime of the audible into a context broad enough fully to suggest its possibilities, I will conclude by gesturing to William Wordsworth's innovative concept of sound, a concept that was also, arguably, a poetic practice. But why "the audible" precisely? The answer is because it is a very general notion that covers a set of subcategories whose relations are not fixed but, rather, are continually readjusted historically in response to shifting social forces. In fact, these subcategories are not distinct from one another, even if they do not neatly fold into one another either. For my interests, the most important such categories are sound, noise, music, voice, and speech. Of course, it might be said that all noise and all music are sounds. But not all sounds are noises or music, just as, for instance, all that is voiced is not spoken. This is particularly worth bearing in mind since one category of the</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bef9405654a1d23930529b5b06fe262d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106387953,"asset_id":107834709,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106387953/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834709"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834709"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834709; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834707"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834707/Incest_sexuality_and_modernity_Incest_and_the_English_novel"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Incest, sexuality, and modernity: Incest and the English novel" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834707/Incest_sexuality_and_modernity_Incest_and_the_English_novel">Incest, sexuality, and modernity: Incest and the English novel</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Novel: A Forum on Fiction</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Had Pollak considered the demand for free choice in marriage made by prominent oppositional figur...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Had Pollak considered the demand for free choice in marriage made by prominent oppositional figures like Charles James Fox, who regularly troped the parental control of children in marriage as slavery and viewed the rules for legal weddings as a diminution of British liberty, she might have supplemented her discussion of incest and slavery with a broader archive more nearly contemporary to Austen&#39;s novel. In this sense Pollak&#39;s work is suggestive for further work in the cultural history of the family, marriage and sexuality that seeks to treat both fiction and regimes of sex and gender not as epiphenomena of the broader field of political debate, but as key sites in the formation of modern culture.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834707"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834707"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834707; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834705"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834705/The_Libertine_the_Rake_and_the_Dandy_Personae_Styles_and_Affects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Libertine, the Rake, and the Dandy: Personae, Styles, and Affects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834705/The_Libertine_the_Rake_and_the_Dandy_Personae_Styles_and_Affects">The Libertine, the Rake, and the Dandy: Personae, Styles, and Affects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cambridge University Press eBooks</span><span>, Nov 17, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The parade of sexualized personae that features in this chapter’s title carries a history. Libert...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The parade of sexualized personae that features in this chapter’s title carries a history. Libertines, rakes, and dandies are figures that occur in a sequence that begins in the sixteenth century and effectively comes to an end by the twentieth century, although, admittedly, it is a sequence marked by overlaps and ambiguities. And it is a history each of these figures shares with others. They are jostled by less prominent figures with somewhat similar status: fops, macaronis, coxcombs, and coquettes - to select some eighteenth-century &quot;characters&quot; from a survey recently compiled by Elaine McGirr. Libertines, rakes, and dandies are also defined in the public sphere against a more respectable, if less spectacular, suite of types who more securely belong to the approved ethos: the pious Christian, the honest laborer, the connoisseur, the man of feeling, the bluestocking - again to select at random. It is no coincidence that the spectrum of types evoked here only approximately corresponds to a modern axis of queerness. Certainly the libertine tradition is marked by the practices and pre-formations of homosexuality - sodomy, sapphism, male effeminacy, homosociability, and so forth - and by the discursive idioms of wit, playfulness, and irony that we readily associate with queer sensibility. Yet libertinism is equally characterized by casual misogyny, phallic violence, voyeurism, female passivity, and other hallmarks of a long, historically entrenched heterosexism. So libertines, rakes, and dandies play a significant part in lesbian and gay literary history, but they do so by showing (once again) that that history did not know a hard hetero-homo distinction until comparatively recently. Indeed, it may be that the emergence of that distinction in its modern form marked the end of the older libertine-rake-dandy assemblage that is under discussion here.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834705"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834704]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834704]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834704; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834704']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834704]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834704,"title":"Review Essay on Andrew Elfenbein's Romantic Genius","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834704/Review_Essay_on_Andrew_Elfenbeins_Romantic_Genius","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834701"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834701/Literary_Sentimentalism_and_Post_Secular_Virtue"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Literary Sentimentalism and Post-Secular Virtue" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834701/Literary_Sentimentalism_and_Post_Secular_Virtue">Literary Sentimentalism and Post-Secular Virtue</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Eighteenth-century Life</span><span>, Apr 1, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent scholarly work by Jürgen Habermas, Judith Butler, and others posits a new cultural domain ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent scholarly work by Jürgen Habermas, Judith Butler, and others posits a new cultural domain that is simultaneously religious and secular. Drawing on the sermons of John Tillotson and the fiction of Henry Fielding, this paper examines literary sentimentalism in this &quot;post-secular&quot; light. It aims to show that sentimentalism affirmed Christian virtues such as charity and chastity, but it radically transmuted and displaced those virtues. In particular, it argues that sentimental fiction imaginatively negotiated the difficulties of practicing Christian virtue in a rapidly changing, commercial society heading into what Charles Taylor has recently called the &quot;immanent frame.&quot; Its heroes and heroines are best understood as virtuous Christians beset by new temptations, misunderstandings, seductions, which they generally, in the end, overcome. In this light, sentimentalism might be defined as a practice of Christian virtue without teleological ends or rewards. The rewards of virtue would appear to become virtual and immanent, available in the act of reading itself. And this is to merge religion with literature so that together they enter the logic of post-secularity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834701"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834701"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834701; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834701]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834701]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834701; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834701']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834701]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834701,"title":"Literary Sentimentalism and Post-Secular Virtue","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834701/Literary_Sentimentalism_and_Post_Secular_Virtue","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834699"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834699/Sir_Charles_Grandison_Natural_Law_and_the_Fictionalised_English_Gentleman"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sir Charles Grandison, Natural Law and the Fictionalised English Gentleman" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834699/Sir_Charles_Grandison_Natural_Law_and_the_Fictionalised_English_Gentleman">Sir Charles Grandison, Natural Law and the Fictionalised English Gentleman</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Intellectual History Review</span><span>, Sep 1, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article enquires into the relation between enlightened humanist conceptions of natural law a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article enquires into the relation between enlightened humanist conceptions of natural law and the period novel&#39;s fictionalization of the English gentleman in the context of its marriage plot. Marriage played a key role in enlightened theorisations of natural law precisely as an institution capable of grounding familial and civil life in an emerging concept of human nature. Yet public debate about the state&#39;s role in the regulation of marriage in mid-eighteenth-century England demonstrates that natural law lent itself to very different models of sovereignty and governance. The antinomies that characterized natural law&#39;s circulation in the English context are uniquely fictionalized in Samuel Richardson&#39;s last novel, Sir Charles Grandison (1753–54), a lengthy parallel narrative of failed courtship and matrimonial felicity that draws upon Pufendorf&#39;s model of natural law, yet is only partly implicated in its secular humanism. The novel&#39;s eponymous gentleman hero – a ‘Man of Religion and Virtue’ – exemplifies a mix of Anglican piety, civic virtue and disinterested sympathy that is sanctioned by natural law and sealed by the English marriage plot.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834699"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834699"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834699; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834699]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834699]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834699; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834699']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834699]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834699,"title":"Sir Charles Grandison, Natural Law and the Fictionalised English Gentleman","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834699/Sir_Charles_Grandison_Natural_Law_and_the_Fictionalised_English_Gentleman","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834698"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834698/Dislocating_Literature_The_Novel_and_the_Gretna_Green_Romance_1770_1850"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dislocating Literature: The Novel and the Gretna Green Romance, 1770-1850" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834698/Dislocating_Literature_The_Novel_and_the_Gretna_Green_Romance_1770_1850">Dislocating Literature: The Novel and the Gretna Green Romance, 1770-1850</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Novel: A Forum on Fiction</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Historians and theorists of the novel have rarely, if ever, noted that the genre&amp;#x27;s spiri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Historians and theorists of the novel have rarely, if ever, noted that the genre&amp;#x27;s spiritual home, at least in the minds of late eighteenth-century British conservative cultural commentators, was the Scottish border village of Gretna Green. When William Gilpin, the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834698"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834698"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834698; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834698]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107834698]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834698; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107834698']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107834698]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107834698,"title":"Dislocating Literature: The Novel and the Gretna Green Romance, 1770-1850","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107834698/Dislocating_Literature_The_Novel_and_the_Gretna_Green_Romance_1770_1850","owner_id":987443,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O'Connell","page_name":"LisaOConnell","domain_name":"acu-au","created_at":"2011-11-27T08:12:37.632-08:00","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107834630"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834630/Mansfield_Park_and_Political_Theology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mansfield Park and Political Theology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106387924/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107834630/Mansfield_Park_and_Political_Theology">Mansfield Park and Political Theology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Political Theology</span><span>, Oct 3, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This essay examines Jane Austen's Mansfield Park in the light of classical understandings of poli...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This essay examines Jane Austen's Mansfield Park in the light of classical understandings of political theology. It does so by placing the novel in its Anglican and Erastian contexts as well as by showing that it belongs to a lineage of English prose fiction, whose famous names are Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding, which also had theopolitical interests.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c0e83c63d755d399fd85cf39644c7ff7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106387924,"asset_id":107834630,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106387924/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107834630"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107834630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107834630; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="4779867" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44199045"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44199045/The_Origins_of_the_English_Marriage_Plot_Literature_Politics_and_Religion_in_the_Eighteenth_Century"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Origins of the English Marriage Plot: Literature, Politics and Religion in the Eighteenth Century" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64563254/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44199045/The_Origins_of_the_English_Marriage_Plot_Literature_Politics_and_Religion_in_the_Eighteenth_Century">The Origins of the English Marriage Plot: Literature, Politics and Religion in the Eighteenth Century</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cambridge UP</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Why did marriage become central to the English novel in the eighteenth century? As clandestine we...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Why did marriage become central to the English novel in the eighteenth century? As clandestine weddings and the unruly culture that surrounded them began to threaten power and property, questions about where and how to marry became urgent matters of public debate. In 1753, in an unprecedented and controversial use of state power, Lord Chancellor Hardwicke mandated Anglican church weddings as marriage's only legal form. Resistance to his Marriage Act would fuel a new kind of realist marriage plot in England and help to produce political radicalism as we know it. Focussing on how major authors from Samuel Richardson to Jane Austen made church weddings a lynchpin of their fiction, The Origins of the English Marriage Plot offers a truly innovative account of the rise of the novel by telling the story of the English marriage plot's engagement with the most compelling political and social questions of its time.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fa39b62b9d67af63159eb7c27cc5295b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64563254,"asset_id":44199045,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64563254/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44199045"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44199045"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44199045; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="22986738"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/22986738/Libertine_Enlightenment_Sex_Liberty_and_Licence_in_the_Eighteenth_Century"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Libertine Enlightenment Sex Liberty and Licence in the Eighteenth Century." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/43504559/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/22986738/Libertine_Enlightenment_Sex_Liberty_and_Licence_in_the_Eighteenth_Century">Libertine Enlightenment Sex Liberty and Licence in the Eighteenth Century.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ed. Peter Cryle and Lisa O’Connell. London: Palgrave.</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Sex in the eighteenth-century was not simply a pleasure; it had profound philosophical and politi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sex in the eighteenth-century was not simply a pleasure; it had profound philosophical and political implications. This book explores those implications, and in particular the links between sexual freedom and liberty in a variety of European and British contexts. Discussing prostitutes and politicians, philosophers and charlatans, confidence tricksters and novelists, Libertine Enlightenment presents a fascinating overview of the sexual dimension of enlightened modernity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b18696aac87eb9a08eb4cbe0b1ce49d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":43504559,"asset_id":22986738,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43504559/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="22986738"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22986738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22986738; 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