CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9179e0f05b725cd6',cH: 'YvHmzp9O4mp3MOCHDiRCQswDKxYAC6FDX.9pk0o90Ew-1740509401-1.2.1.1-gH9RRSj_oXPGzb9iHxni6q5MKQbX5hD6XZU3GaTSuhyv.d.itOGxK661WIf33fpR',cUPMDTk: "\/10006888\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=R3WKCXnhCcT.fJoBv8QTkz2Z80KS2p8Dvp9h.wXBEaE-1740509401-1.0.1.1-hLNydcTzkeTWQBCz8EoLDfDt42YtNZgC9qzMnwGxbhY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740509401',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10006888\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=R3WKCXnhCcT.fJoBv8QTkz2Z80KS2p8Dvp9h.wXBEaE-1740509401-1.0.1.1-hLNydcTzkeTWQBCz8EoLDfDt42YtNZgC9qzMnwGxbhY",md: "ArSkvTWWcqQbexNIq1sIKZyCCjeRryFx9qNJSKocyw8-1740509401-1.2.1.1-prPlIDc8koDrN1tKvKYx7pfzfhjXL5A43WD07UoLYQWqxAXPndyBFVvTOXrQeIFHlo_UKYWqSFdDSP6NT9..kMPuhdLx8bv8f9etTV6XXJGA8Wk_vLD.KU.hOy8qSMbsXYzXPHk1tIdMe1IRhaDWCVIvk8GHgbJx6_VCA.2qPCA8Gzju_yJqRaCv7IrCdv4BdsbaxPUCXiDwP.jSeZjFFGThzXvGheHYFnVCsvclFCVnBoYsMkKFrmSaWL9UB8.f5HluiY7A4_s2kS9HjCSEVWDgXVCrPcwnVgKyQEERPyCHPYoZ.9IwBfq9GB_9PIc7JFYRajZnPRMDppDDE1hk.7tPiC5FppgHHkj_cQI9gHP_neClJBtJ.LG3PpY5E1pcKzdmvT0hB3wq3OfiuXy9ARYfSkDL93MTpz7ZUZT1UUQWpRJ5J6T0KymdMa4YdkXU6TLr0TSnlB.5BnJ0tTzv9BfDe4zRI.mYgTGDxEXODj8wa1E9SljOKbvSkPVqKmtel6xrUQTsrrl9C11jvoMNlQ8ZlCTO84a33oFvGIE81PwGtCj.ZdTesNaF7RLgK8lhp3BMTT2BGb42.XnPQLYFRZA4SUH2C9QZE.yjtWJZ8eJWmzVncWrvApRILV5wGdBL8ekPfel3VKtBRZoX2xHAXtL6fdecCAVPQq2G5lWBCf6rWcxM6Z6el4HWjmWXoRbkC_772o0tRPXtZE7haF7HEBgfDh0XlgIZ58cDfWmC0R7FP7Ewoq7WQM.kkC.9tVPSU3oNAiYisBOwjp5W6fx5HaGZvbx2Bvnwyv75kZLD_PTxNlACLfa6QgE0MslbfshFaJUd7B3SI5wZCENwKyEa2lWbT2DqywUvxxmNBTnjmjo.SgXWxEvo9ZxFhIxseE5fA.p635wJgFJqyZGTxI57kG1EkkXzSEYGJ6r4OnYJXm8IA.ppVfesFd3NymPCin1kAq055i6kwCyJiaVQgmbtDV8tUtCbLv9kFvrPefxMxF3nk3CiBM7yVvpFxVPXCbQ9NssfShpWnQElCIdfexDCMJAx5HxMKri4IqpOIzobLnBHomaEjWxpO0CFl.AE0Qy6o7pgXCdiQlIyx6rBR_BvRhZGEo4eTmb_P6xdWgv.1SNoEBZhAyruBpNSRJXNf48m1.8blFns9xB48jQlXqJumKatc1zx3MV6y4fIZB34zv9669kS2CGXOQvKhszRebUdgsSv8FQZp9UpTolKds5xkQwmVsYWVs31DZAaalznjP5XxDsGS_QaefTrm51u7wX7E2Wl7suEwKnOsPlPrjoT3qMSTfZXkcc5EU5Fviu9XZQ1VZwqSTsrmssdwK9cEgsiBMr2uLr_VZfeCf2aMCsIepmKAc6UPwikott_ZeJDjUbVWwZfsCkF5RR3iskxyc98RkYoBDlqq5S4RzhgAjEdAbN7FbcuVmBYdljnxw91FreedGJrU2O0FB0R4Mlx337hT3PfDizLqFMGbckqCEckVE7PRNvP_agshBbW9oabjA_Yh0GY273S_Ml1wUgOU_qJidVdhmUeo3DoXUJ4Gwk4rJKLASAhZaj4BKYup6y.1fguHxJc6bF_vTeenXvPdayKAbOjauy3TND5ssTwxBBrMtxeGNIr_hMi55u71rChHQvCsC1f9wrMph2d8xgfc1iqtJ8HWX.doOwT7GiEojTwXKWghxHaK2Twh0q_33N.WXFzgvXdgN6pTB6EnZIQ6J.QjV00ks_se_090.PixyOPVAFvscuFJHv3DiR8sgY761ngxvNpvhr4rDg6C3Hgq7ALEmgikYASfsKmIvKEVEt1SMmsSueENZ3KInstSIROd6yAr2dcsqtK2xdjoQVz9aj3EWVqmVCCDCgBH7y3my7yvLGI_4DYKPpNtFXj7y9tITU",mdrd: "_KpViZalSGTsHtXTqoaHuSe44AQ44fF17Fy_O6yeBKA-1740509401-1.2.1.1-HFmHew59zjBhWd2VriZgYaDP9XQU0Dc.9DAbxAh4APKDt7Akkb8ixoOEuJh3UAHoyp8l2aGJfAH4xZmbKxunnLJiIJ3Vz3bJYD.wpVJhiIiF8EVbL6JgMiKQQfXUlmqTVogkM6OvVh.jh7YGeOMLnQG2PhjwII3HPjtk7FwL43dH2W5xcTYRUGoJS10Jh9aAN0DK23ypc7LK0VC97gYja83AzFifxGKjU0d_vSCPhleRK.qcd577_v2MbvmoqNBg9..1B4z7wY7ub73UTbxOl0WIXqZacXIoeWH4JpuH85MBIZqyTcEuEShhSsK2nGpappbeabsglB4iHDpLse.4j4oJ57oiMuraYjPP9KurQG.8RGtEOs0mgw.ej1RVkXwgPb1LBvV8ZXcNyd6Z9xlRxgfKUsQhGlVwOB00KVoRAoUt_j18kRTiRrjIGtFdQF2vZ7a03_78Yrzz2BEWMaHtNn_msL1n5zLaNV5ZFwh2ylKAmINNXc3P5b9JO6KpJBFmOz5XHug5aJDdPFssPWQ2KR79Vw6ndDewrgHw0yTtOkLnI5EkB_10aE16vqA7dP8QQap.x7VX9TNhz4hUgTQAYlABxL1iV5iTHxv3DU4XcdbhBDPKYw8x6RN6R2_9dgMdUUdL.ihfTyFl38tp.voY0Y8Pfagu1jyL48ogLe9Whv6wMsnW_aQGZbadVOF3LzxScInGAsLwQ19TfCCgJRtajpI.ldRkJHhly.OHQcbVMaoFYieYUDOfducJxUC21Ea67yk1tr67BmIHDUvu3K8_dcGYfjTTP0S_3SkbLhHr4WjeE_Z6DYdpjld0DZxGagkkjUKlFDvk41uKOM56aYkxHZKEOBIX2dpC2fIEcT4gaFMR5GSo4PlhpCSF_wmma_PjI2vAbE9tzdCQKE8ymxa5a9x_GxGnFzdj_Fz1vM.KQR6eSMI57W_k5x4AUkRvHU2f.hqrC2xMzf9XBcitc4Ooo.gj1BuozarRrqOUj.1YXHmmqTFQMBDTwC10CbWoI9VzAveLZC7hRorCtHOPdzlOdKwG6b.tOaGodT7Hk8I1_lq6C9Zxlw4jRLgEtsQfGmssa3uNCOijZjrJ0brW13ncWNPh8fLgniNxGfIromw_jTDM1y.KxaN2uoXe3uTbeOOE.rdRj3xz2Vxx2A5Wa.5k8KUZQ3HFV2B_aH8VTwV4B0ywa_CP419074M04eZcqtFuQyjGxB2bxWk2N2YJ31z7o7q73Mfm3hAAc4nHKwCAGnSr0iEV9hkUJ2GjnGrypBcfDc3syo1H_fN7WmNvZRzCakgC6Vus47VCYWqLHN0M5QTUspxwt6jUC0QQkmNGCYWgxycwcfhofZvC7oQtzI9okEBKwEqlSaM3Tuf9WmTrGMSLZJsmazZ7KHB5mTet_es.WfBHycTtuzpyki22D23KiFV3xNO8vuv_Ujqp8Wix.NONKgg_2p5JSrmTHUYlt3Z4LZFzMkKVhkXmmefMOv5g0F6C6fAt.jbsINBKpZUzzutDi5UGRFTz3P9ivtuhz4JgQk3lhJ44UZb1PbSjXDdZLyQLE14tP5wGN9WmMVNpWeewGoFsz97WEHtHlmPcg72Fv3ZWtz93t7pwa6QjxdTHzuA1oadUQS9orR6dnxkuZdTdJFh2O1nVR2Ctyi9Kryg99E03DhYq3IHJgl_F2WhqFOdS9tS4eHon9hROPygmeIleVPQbJMOvzlXSgDGFxmsfOJvDAEtUnVlO4gZH.Y7ehIy3qaY4LT11MsQD0hD8GWjIMl7q16RHLC.yP1vAlf6GKrsUtdai1kqFVaEwViNJv1H4Zwz7eZpN602SZtRexLg32sNqOGnlmmsd0EE1nblfqc7veAP9Bt2rBu1Nt9bn05tRuyReIdmVhtRaVCvLg9.llJzOtGNnpnzkCuUheGtp_4uvJoYEWtdBOUO3vLIkkk1GSZckyb1RvwvHLCZ0LzkaoScI6.I0n6tnt8mbDYLXqtsuSSRKtvBnBq48wNJKGw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9179e0f05b725cd6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10006888\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=R3WKCXnhCcT.fJoBv8QTkz2Z80KS2p8Dvp9h.wXBEaE-1740509401-1.0.1.1-hLNydcTzkeTWQBCz8EoLDfDt42YtNZgC9qzMnwGxbhY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>