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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American command and control center</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_EC-135C_(717-166),_USA_-_Air_Force_AN1155085.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Boeing_EC-135C_%28717-166%29%2C_USA_-_Air_Force_AN1155085.jpg/220px-Boeing_EC-135C_%28717-166%29%2C_USA_-_Air_Force_AN1155085.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Boeing_EC-135C_%28717-166%29%2C_USA_-_Air_Force_AN1155085.jpg/330px-Boeing_EC-135C_%28717-166%29%2C_USA_-_Air_Force_AN1155085.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Boeing_EC-135C_%28717-166%29%2C_USA_-_Air_Force_AN1155085.jpg/440px-Boeing_EC-135C_%28717-166%29%2C_USA_-_Air_Force_AN1155085.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">Boeing EC-135</a>C Looking Glass</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Looking Glass</b> (or <b>Operation Looking Glass</b>) is the historic code name for an airborne <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">command and control</a> center operated by the United States. In more recent years it has been more officially referred to as the <b>ABNCP</b> (<b>Airborne National Command Post</b>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provides command and control of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">U.S. nuclear forces</a> in the event that ground-based command centers have been destroyed or otherwise rendered inoperable. In such an event, the <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">general officer</a> aboard the Looking Glass serves as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_Emergency_Action_Officer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airborne Emergency Action Officer (page does not exist)">Airborne Emergency Action Officer</a> (AEAO)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by law assumes the authority of the <a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(United_States)" title="National Command Authority (United States)">National Command Authority</a> and could command execution of nuclear attacks. The AEAO is supported by a battle staff of approximately 20 people, with another dozen responsible for the operation of the aircraft systems. The name Looking Glass, which is another name for a mirror, was chosen for the Airborne Command Post because the mission operates in parallel with the underground command post at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt Air Force Base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Looking_Glass&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The code name "Looking Glass" came from the aircraft's ability to "mirror" the command and control functions of the underground command post at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a> (SAC) <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt AFB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photographic_copy_of_photograph,_n.d._(original_photograph_in_STRATCOM_Historian_files,_Offutt_AFB,_Bellevue,_Nebraska)._Interior_view_of_crew_members_at_work_in_battle_staff_HAER_NE-9-B-15.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Photographic_copy_of_photograph%2C_n.d._%28original_photograph_in_STRATCOM_Historian_files%2C_Offutt_AFB%2C_Bellevue%2C_Nebraska%29._Interior_view_of_crew_members_at_work_in_battle_staff_HAER_NE-9-B-15.tif/lossy-page1-220px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Photographic_copy_of_photograph%2C_n.d._%28original_photograph_in_STRATCOM_Historian_files%2C_Offutt_AFB%2C_Bellevue%2C_Nebraska%29._Interior_view_of_crew_members_at_work_in_battle_staff_HAER_NE-9-B-15.tif/lossy-page1-330px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Photographic_copy_of_photograph%2C_n.d._%28original_photograph_in_STRATCOM_Historian_files%2C_Offutt_AFB%2C_Bellevue%2C_Nebraska%29._Interior_view_of_crew_members_at_work_in_battle_staff_HAER_NE-9-B-15.tif/lossy-page1-440px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5023" data-file-height="4131" /></a><figcaption>Early Looking Glass battle staff</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen._Richard_A._Ellis,_Strategic_Air_Command,_commander_in_chief,_Boeing_EC-135,_Exercise_Global_Shield_%2779.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gen._Richard_A._Ellis%2C_Strategic_Air_Command%2C_commander_in_chief%2C_Boeing_EC-135%2C_Exercise_Global_Shield_%2779.jpg/220px-Gen._Richard_A._Ellis%2C_Strategic_Air_Command%2C_commander_in_chief%2C_Boeing_EC-135%2C_Exercise_Global_Shield_%2779.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gen._Richard_A._Ellis%2C_Strategic_Air_Command%2C_commander_in_chief%2C_Boeing_EC-135%2C_Exercise_Global_Shield_%2779.jpg/330px-Gen._Richard_A._Ellis%2C_Strategic_Air_Command%2C_commander_in_chief%2C_Boeing_EC-135%2C_Exercise_Global_Shield_%2779.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gen._Richard_A._Ellis%2C_Strategic_Air_Command%2C_commander_in_chief%2C_Boeing_EC-135%2C_Exercise_Global_Shield_%2779.jpg/440px-Gen._Richard_A._Ellis%2C_Strategic_Air_Command%2C_commander_in_chief%2C_Boeing_EC-135%2C_Exercise_Global_Shield_%2779.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2820" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Ellis" title="Richard H. Ellis">Richard Ellis</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders-in-chief_of_the_Strategic_Air_Command" title="List of commanders-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command">CINCSAC</a>, in battle staff compartment, 1979</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photographic_copy_of_photograph,_1973_(original_photograph_in_55th_Wing_Historian_files,_Offutt_AFB,_Bellevue,_Nebraska)._Interior_view_showing_Major_General_Jerry_Johnson_and_crew_at_HAER_NE-9-B-16.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Photographic_copy_of_photograph%2C_1973_%28original_photograph_in_55th_Wing_Historian_files%2C_Offutt_AFB%2C_Bellevue%2C_Nebraska%29._Interior_view_showing_Major_General_Jerry_Johnson_and_crew_at_HAER_NE-9-B-16.tif/lossy-page1-220px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Photographic_copy_of_photograph%2C_1973_%28original_photograph_in_55th_Wing_Historian_files%2C_Offutt_AFB%2C_Bellevue%2C_Nebraska%29._Interior_view_showing_Major_General_Jerry_Johnson_and_crew_at_HAER_NE-9-B-16.tif/lossy-page1-330px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Photographic_copy_of_photograph%2C_1973_%28original_photograph_in_55th_Wing_Historian_files%2C_Offutt_AFB%2C_Bellevue%2C_Nebraska%29._Interior_view_showing_Major_General_Jerry_Johnson_and_crew_at_HAER_NE-9-B-16.tif/lossy-page1-440px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5056" data-file-height="4061" /></a><figcaption>Looking Glass battle staff</figcaption></figure> <p>The SAC Airborne Command Post or "Looking Glass" was initiated in 1960, with the conversion of 5 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135A</a> tankers in to Airborne Command Posts. On July 1, 1960 operational testing began under the code name Looking Glass,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tktrns_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tktrns-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and operated by the <a href="/wiki/34th_Air_Refueling_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="34th Air Refueling Squadron">34th Air Refueling Squadron</a> at Offutt AFB. The mission transferred to the <a href="/wiki/38th_Strategic_Reconnaissance_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="38th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron">38th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron</a> in August 1966, to the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Airborne_Command_and_Control_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Airborne Command and Control Squadron">2nd Airborne Command and Control Squadron</a> in April 1970, to the <a href="/wiki/7th_Airborne_Command_and_Control_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Airborne Command and Control Squadron">7th Airborne Command and Control Squadron</a> in July 1994, and to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">USSTRATCOM</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Communications_Wing_One" title="Strategic Communications Wing One">Strategic Communications Wing One</a> in October 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a> put Looking Glass mission on continuous airborne alert starting February 3, 1961,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aircraft from the 34th Air Refueling Squadron based at its headquarters at Offutt AFB, backed up by aircraft flying with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second Air Force</a> / <a href="/wiki/913th_Air_Refueling_Squadron" title="913th Air Refueling Squadron">913th Air Refueling Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base" title="Barksdale Air Force Base">Barksdale AFB</a>, Louisiana, <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> / <a href="/wiki/99th_Air_Refueling_Squadron" title="99th Air Refueling Squadron">99th Air Refueling Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westover_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Westover Air Force Base">Westover AFB</a>, Massachusetts, and <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth Air Force</a> / <a href="/wiki/22d_Air_Refueling_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="22d Air Refueling Squadron">22d Air Refueling Squadron</a>, <a href="/wiki/March_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="March Air Force Base">March AFB</a>, California.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>EC-135 Looking Glass aircraft were airborne 24 hours a day for over 29 years,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until July 24, 1990,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when "The Glass" ceased continuous airborne alert, but remained on ground or airborne alert 24 hours a day.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Looking Glass mirrors ground-based command, control, and communications (C3 or C³) located at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">USSTRATCOM</a> Global Operations Center (GOC) at Offutt AFB.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">EC-135</a> Looking Glass aircraft were equipped with the <a href="/wiki/Airborne_Launch_Control_System" title="Airborne Launch Control System">Airborne Launch Control System</a>, capable of transmitting launch commands to U.S. ground-based <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> (ICBMs) in the event that the ground launch control centers were rendered inoperable.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Looking Glass was also designed to help ensure <a href="/wiki/Continuity_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuity of Government">continuity and reconstitution of the US government</a> in the event of a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">nuclear attack</a> on <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. Although the two types of aircraft are distinct, the <i>Doomsday Plane</i> nickname is also frequently associated with the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-4" title="Boeing E-4">Boeing E-4 "Nightwatch"</a> Advanced Airborne Command Post mission and aircraft. </p><p>The Looking Glass was the anchor in what was known as the World Wide Airborne Command Post (WWABNCP) network. This network of specially equipped EC-135 aircraft would launch from ground alert status and establish air-to-air wireless network connections in the event of a U.S. national emergency. Members of the WWABNCP network included: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silk_Purse" title="Operation Silk Purse">Operation Silk Purse</a> for the Commander in Chief, <a href="/wiki/U.S._European_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. European Command">U.S. European Command</a> (USCINCEUR), based at RAF Mildenhall in the United Kingdom (callsign Seabell);</li> <li>Operation "Scope Light" for the Commander in Chief, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Atlantic_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Atlantic Command">U.S. Atlantic Command</a> (CINCLANT), based at Langley AFB, VA;</li> <li>Operation "Blue Eagle" for the Commander in Chief, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Pacific_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Pacific Command">U.S. Pacific Command</a> (USCINCPAC), based at Hickam AFB, HI; and</li> <li>Operation "Nightwatch" which supported the President of the United States and were based at Andrews AFB, Maryland. In the early 1970s the E-4A aircraft replaced the EC-135Js on this mission.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The Eastern Auxiliary (EAST Aux) and Western Auxiliary (West Aux) Command Posts were also part of the WWABNCP ("wah-bin-cop") network and were capable of assuming responsibility for Looking Glass as the anchor. The West Aux <a href="/wiki/906th_Air_Refueling_Squadron" title="906th Air Refueling Squadron">906th Air Refueling Squadron</a> was based at <a href="/wiki/Minot_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Minot AFB">Minot AFB</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, and moved to the <a href="/wiki/4th_Airborne_Command_and_Control_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Airborne Command and Control Squadron">4th Airborne Command and Control Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellsworth AFB">Ellsworth AFB</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, in April 1970 and the East Aux mission <a href="/wiki/301st_Air_Refueling_Squadron" title="301st Air Refueling Squadron">301st Air Refueling Squadron</a> was based at <a href="/wiki/Lockbourne_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockbourne AFB">Lockbourne AFB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, and moved to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Airborne_Command_%26_Control_Squadron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Airborne Command & Control Squadron (page does not exist)">3rd Airborne Command & Control Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunker Hill AFB">Grissom AFB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, in April 1970. After 1975, East Aux was assumed from the Looking Glass backup ground alert aircraft launched from Offutt AFB. In June 1992, United States Strategic Command took over the Looking Glass mission from the Strategic Air Command, as SAC was disbanded and Strategic Command assumed the nuclear deterrence mission.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_status">Current status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Looking_Glass&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 1, 1998, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> fleet of <a href="/wiki/E-6_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="E-6 Mercury">E-6Bs</a> replaced the EC-135C in performing the "Looking Glass" mission, previously carried out for 37 years by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a>. Unlike the original Looking Glass aircraft, the E-6Bs are modified Boeing 707 aircraft, not the military-only KC-135. The E-6B provides the National Command Authority with the same capability as the EC-135 fleet to control the nation's <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missile</a> (ICBM) force, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear</a>-capable bombers and <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">submarine-launched ballistic missiles</a> (SLBM).<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the assumption of this mission, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">USSTRATCOM</a> battle staff now flies with the <a href="/wiki/TACAMO" title="TACAMO">TACAMO</a> crew.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">USSTRATCOM</a> Global Operations Center (GOC) is unable to function in its role, the E-6B Looking Glass can assume command of all U.S. <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear</a>-capable forces. Flying aboard each ABNCP is a crew of 22, which includes an air crew, a Communications Systems Officer and team, an Airborne Emergency Action Officer (an Admiral or General officer), a Mission Commander, a Strike Advisor, an <a href="/wiki/Airborne_Launch_Control_System" title="Airborne Launch Control System">Airborne Launch Control System</a>/Intelligence Officer, a Meteorological Effects Officer, a Logistics Officer, a Force Status Controller, and an Emergency Actions NCO. In addition to being able to direct the launch of ICBMs using the <a href="/wiki/Airborne_Launch_Control_System" title="Airborne Launch Control System">Airborne Launch Control System</a>, the E-6B can communicate <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Action_Messages" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Action Messages">Emergency Action Messages</a> (EAM) to nuclear submarines running at depth by extending a two and a half-mile-long (4 km) trailing wire antenna (TWA) for use with the <a href="/wiki/Survivable_Low_Frequency_Communications_System" title="Survivable Low Frequency Communications System">Survivable Low Frequency Communications System</a> (SLFCS), as the EC-135C could.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was some speculation that the "mystery plane" seen flying over the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11, 2001</a>, was some newer incarnation of Looking Glass. However, the plane circling the White House on 9/11 was a <a href="/wiki/E-4B" class="mw-redirect" title="E-4B">E-4B</a> (callsign ADDIS77/VENUS77) acting as the tertiary NAOC (Nightwatch) aircraft which was launched from ground alert at <a href="/wiki/Andrews_Air_Force_Base" title="Andrews Air Force Base">Andrews Air Force Base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Looking_Glass&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TACAMO" title="TACAMO">TACAMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">Boeing EC-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-4" title="Boeing E-4">Boeing E-4 Advanced Airborne Command Post</a> ("Nightwatch")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-6_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="E-6 Mercury">E-6 Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_Launch_Control_System" title="Airborne Launch Control System">Airborne Launch Control System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_Launch_Control_Center" title="Airborne Launch Control Center">Airborne Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decapitation_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Decapitation strike">Decapitation strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_of_last_resort" title="Letters of last resort">Letters of last resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Hand_(nuclear_war)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Hand (nuclear war)">Dead Hand</a> (Perimeter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_government_continuity_of_operations" title="United States federal government continuity of operations">Continuity of Operations</a> Plan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Integrated_Operational_Plan" title="Single Integrated Operational Plan">Single Integrated Operational Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_utilization_target_selection" title="Nuclear utilization target selection">Nuclear utilization target selection</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Looking_Glass&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minot.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/954496/looking-glass-usstratcoms-airborne-command-post">Looking Glass: USSTRATCOM's Airborne Command Post By Airman 1st Class J.T. Armstrong, Public Affairs / Published September 23, 2016. <i>the Airborne Command Post (ABNCP). ..According to Konowicz, the ABNCP is dual purposed. While it primarily functions as a communications relay platform for submarines with its two trailing antenna wires, it also serves as an Airborne Launch Control System (ALCS).</i></a><i> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/c3i/ec-135.htm">EC-135, Looking Glass. Federation of American Scientists</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minot.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/954496/looking-glass-usstratcoms-airborne-command-post">Looking Glass: USSTRATCOM's Airborne Command Post By Airman 1st Class J.T. Armstrong, Public Affairs / Published September 23, 2016 <i>Evans sits on alert as an Airborne Emergency Action Officer in command of the battle staff. He remembers first visiting Minot AFB was in the fall of 1986. “The mission hasn’t changed much and neither has its importance,” said Evans.</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratcom.mil/Media/Factsheets/Factsheet-View/Article/960928/e-6b-airborne-command-post-abncp/">E-6B Airborne Command Post</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHopkins2017" class="citation book cs1">Hopkins, Robert (2017). <i>The Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker: More than a anker</i> (2nd ed.). United Kingdom: Midland Publishing Ltd. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781910809013" title="Special:BookSources/9781910809013"><bdi>9781910809013</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boeing+KC-135+Stratotanker%3A+More+than+a+anker&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=201&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Midland+Publishing+Ltd.&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781910809013&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Looking+Glass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tktrns-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tktrns_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hhhWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4eIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5859%2C4521889">"AF generals take turns"</a>. <i>Eugene Register-Guard</i>. (Oregon). Associated Press. 27 July 1960. p. 3A.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=AF+generals+take+turns&rft.pages=3A&rft.date=1960-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DhhhWAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D4eIDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5859%252C4521889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Looking+Glass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fact_Sheet-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratcom.mil/Media/Factsheets/Factsheet-View/Article/960928/e-6b-airborne-command-post-abncp/">USSTRATCOM ABNCP Fact Sheet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins1997" class="citation book cs1">Hopkins, Robert S. (1997). <i>Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker: more than just a tanker</i>. Aerofax. pp. <span class="nowrap">116–</span>117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-069-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-069-2"><bdi>978-1-85780-069-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boeing+KC-135+Stratotanker%3A+more+than+just+a+tanker&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E116-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.pub=Aerofax&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-85780-069-2&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Looking+Glass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sasmuseum.com/2008/11/21/ec-135-looking-glass/">Strategic Air & Space Museum: EC-135: Looking Glass</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212193238/http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0900/frameset_reset.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nebraskastudies.org%2F0900%2Fstories%2F0901_0124.html">"Flying with the A-Bomb on Board: Looking Glass"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0900/frameset_reset.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nebraskastudies.org%2F0900%2Fstories%2F0901_0124.html">the original</a> on 2017-12-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flying+with+the+A-Bomb+on+Board%3A+Looking+Glass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nebraskastudies.org%2F0900%2Fframeset_reset.html%3Fhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.nebraskastudies.org%252F0900%252Fstories%252F0901_0124.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Looking+Glass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2009" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Chris (2009). <i>Deterrence: An Enduring Strategy</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440169786" title="Special:BookSources/9781440169786"><bdi>9781440169786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deterrence%3A+An+Enduring+Strategy&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781440169786&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Looking+Glass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lloyd, Alwyn T. (2006). "The Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker at 50". <i>American Aviation Historical Society Journal</i>. <b>51</b>: 255.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Aviation+Historical+Society+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Boeing+KC-135+Stratotanker+at+50&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=255&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Alwyn+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Looking+Glass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104466/lgm-30g-minuteman-iii/">LGM-30G Fact Sheet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702014829/http://afmissileers.com/Mar17.pdf">ALCS Article, page 13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tacamo.navy.mil/wing/index.asp">TACAMO – Take Charge And Move Out</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629112942/http://www.tacamo.navy.mil/wing/index.asp">Archived</a> 2007-06-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbinder2014" class="citation web cs1">Ambinder, Marc (9 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/articles/448040/inside-holy-grail-911-documents">"Inside the Holy Grail of 9/11 documents"</a>. <i>theweek</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theweek&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Holy+Grail+of+9%2F11+documents&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft.aulast=Ambinder&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Farticles%2F448040%2Finside-holy-grail-911-documents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Looking+Glass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Looking_Glass&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sac-acca.com/history">The History of the PACCS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratcom.mil/Media/Factsheets/Factsheet-View/Article/960928/e-6b-airborne-command-post-abncp/">USSTRATCOM ABNCP Fact Sheet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2b-UA7umnWE"><span class="plainlinks">KPTM Story on USSTRATCOM's Looking Glass</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coldwar.org/museum/doomsday_ships.asp">Ghosts of the East Coast: Doomsday Ships</a> Cold War museum</li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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