{"title":"Big Data: Big Challenges to Privacy and Data Protection","authors":"Abu Bakar Munir, Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki","volume":97,"journal":"International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering","pagesStart":355,"pagesEnd":364,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10000669","abstract":"<p>This paper seeks to analyse the benefits of big data<br \/>\r\nand more importantly the challenges it pose to the subject of privacy<br \/>\r\nand data protection. First, the nature of big data will be briefly<br \/>\r\ndeliberated before presenting the potential of big data in the present<br \/>\r\ndays. Afterwards, the issue of privacy and data protection is<br \/>\r\nhighlighted before discussing the challenges of implementing this<br \/>\r\nissue in big data. In conclusion, the paper will put forward the debate<br \/>\r\non the adequacy of the existing legal framework in protecting<br \/>\r\npersonal data in the era of big data.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] C. Kuner, F. H. Cate, C. Millard, and D. J. B. Svantesson, \u201cThe\r\nchallenge of \u2018big data\u2019 for data protection,\u201d International Data Privacy\r\nLaw , vol. 2 , no. 2 , pp. 47\u201349, May 2012.\r\n[2] J. Q. Anderson and L. Rainie, \u201cThe future of the internet,\u201d Washington\r\nDC, 2012.\r\n[3] R. Cumbley and P. Church, \u201cIs \u2018Big Data\u2019 creepy?,\u201d Computer Law &\r\nSecurity Review, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 601\u2013609, Oct. 2013.\r\n[4] Software & Information Industry Association, \u201cData-Driven\r\nInnovation,\u201d 2013.\r\n[5] J. Manyika, M. Chui, B. Brown, J. Bughin, R. Dobbs, C. Roxburgh,\r\nand A. H. Byers, \u201cBig data: The next frontier for innovation ,\r\ncompetition , and productivity,\u201d 2011.\r\n[6] IBM, \u201cIBM - What is big data?,\u201d 28-Nov-2014. (Online). Available:\r\nhttp:\/\/www-01.ibm.com\/software\/data\/bigdata\/what-is-big-data.html.\r\n(Accessed: 12-Dec-2014).\r\n[7] V. Mayer-Sch\u00f6nberger and K. Cukier, Big Data: A Revolution That\r\nWill Transform How We Live, Work, and Think. John Murray, 2013,\r\npp. 1\u2013242.\r\n[8] Datastax, \u201cBig Data: Beyond the Hype Why Big Data Matters to You,\u201d\r\n2013.\r\n[9] European Commission, \u201cArticle 29 Data Protection Working Party-\r\nOpinion 03 \/ 2013 on Purpose Limitation,\u201d 2013.\r\n[10] D. Vesset, H. D. Morris, G. Little, L. Borovick, S. Feldman, M.\r\nEastwood, B. Woo, R. L. Villars, J. S. Bozman, C. W. Olofson, S.\r\nConway, and N. Yezhkova, \u201cWorldwide Big Data Technology and\r\nServices 2012 \u2013 2015 Forecast,\u201d USA, 2012.\r\n[11] OECD, \u201cExploring Data-Driven Innovation as a New Source of\r\nGrowth: Mapping the Policy Issues Raised by \u2018Big Data,\u2019\u201d OECD\r\nPublishing, 222, 2013.\r\n[12] IBM, \u201cBig Data at the Speed of Business | The Big Data Hub,\u201d 2014.\r\n(Online). Available: http:\/\/www.ibmbigdatahub.com\/video\/big-dataspeed-\r\nbusiness. (Accessed: 12-Dec-2014).\r\n[13] PWC, \u201cCapitalizing on the promise of Big Data: How a buzzword\r\nmorphed into a lasting trend that will transform the way you do\r\nbusiness,\u201d 2013.\r\n[14] NESSI, \u201cBig Data - A New World of Opportunities,\u201d 2012.\r\n[15] Executive Office of the President, \u201cBig Data - Seizing Opportunities,\r\nPreserving Values,\u201d USA, 2014.\r\n[16] UN Global Pulse, \u201cBig Data for Development: Challenges &\r\nOpportunities,\u201d 2012.\r\n[17] TechAmerica Foundation, \u201cDemystifying Big Data: A Practical Guide\r\nTo Transforming The Business of Government Microsoft,\u201d pp. 1\u201340,\r\n2012.\r\n[18] Office of Science and Technology Policy - Executive Office of the\r\nPresident, \u201cObama Administration Unveils \u2018Big Data\u2019 Initiative:\r\nAnnounces $200 Million In New R&D Investments,\u201d 2012.\r\n[19] European Commission, \u201cThe Economic and social benefits of big\r\ndata,\u201d 2013.\r\n[20] Department of Finance and Deregulation - Australian Government,\r\n\u201cBig Data Strategy \u2013 Issues Paper,\u201d 2013.\r\n[21] MIT Technology Review, \u201cBig Data Gets Personal,\u201d MIT Technology\r\nReview, pp. 1\u201329, 2013.\r\n[22] J. Carter, \u201cHow important is big data?,\u201d TechRadarPro, 2014. [23] F. Konkel, \u201cFormer NSA Director: Big Data Is the Future,\u201d Nextgov,\r\n2014. (Online). Available: http:\/\/www.nextgov.com\/big-data\/2014\/05\/\r\nformer-nsa-director-big-data-future\/84712\/. (Accessed: 15-Dec-2014).\r\n[24] NASSCOM, \u201cBig Data: The Next Big thing,\u201d 2012.\r\n[25] World Economic Forum, \u201cThe Global Information Technology Report\r\n2014 - Rewards and Risks of Big Data,\u201d 2014.\r\n[26] B. Obama, \u201cBarack Obama: Connecting and Empowering All\r\nAmericans,\u201d 2007. .\r\n[27] Q. Palfrey, \u201cInternet Privacy: Protecting Consumers, Building Trust,\r\nCreating Jobs,\u201d White House Office of Science & Technology Policy,\r\n2012. (Online). Available: http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/blog\/2012\/02\/\r\n24\/internet-privacy-protecting-consumers-building-trust-creating-jobs.\r\n(Accessed: 15-Dec-2014).\r\n[28] M. Smith, \u201cDigital privacy in the big data era: Microsoft\u2019s data\r\nprotection keynote,\u201d Network World, 2012. (Online). Available:\r\nhttp:\/\/www.networkworld.com\/article\/2223607\/microsoftsubnet\/\r\ndigital-privacy-in-the-big-data-era--microsoft-s-data-protectionkeynote.\r\nhtml. (Accessed: 15-Dec-2014).\r\n[29] International Institute of Communications, \u201cPersonal Data\r\nManagement: The User\u2019s Perspective,\u201d 2012.\r\n[30] J. Rose, C. Barton, R. Souza, and J. Platt, \u201cThe Trust Advantage - How\r\nto Win with Big Data,\u201d 2012.\r\n[31] I. S. Rubinstein, \u201cBig Data: The End of Privacy or a New Beginning?,\u201d\r\nInternational Data Privacy Law, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 74\u201387, Jan. 2013.\r\n[32] Information Commissioner\u2019s Office, \u201cBig data and data protection,\u201d\r\n2014.\r\n[33] European Data Protection Supervisor, \u201cThe Preliminary Opinion of the\r\nEuropean Data Protection Supervisor -Privacy and competitiveness in\r\nthe age of big data: The Interplay between data protection, competition\r\nlaw and consumer protection in the Digital Economy,\u201d Brussels, 2014.\r\n[34] Executive Office of the President - President\u2019s Council of Advisors on\r\nScience and Technology, \u201cBig Data And Privacy: A Technological\r\nPerspective,\u201d no. May, 2014.\r\n[35] Electronic Privacy Information Centre, \u201cComments of the Electronic\r\nPrivacy Information Centre to The Office of Science and Technology\r\nPolicy - Request for Information: Big Data and The Future of Privacy,\u201d\r\n2014.\r\n[36] European Commission, \u201cImpact Assessment,\u201d 2012.\r\n[37] I. Falque-Pierrotin, \u201cARTICLE 29 Data Protection Working Party -\r\nLetter to Mr John Pedosta,\u201d no. June. 2014.\r\n[38] The Internet Association, \u201cComments Concerning Big Data and the\r\nConsumer Privacy Bill of Rights.\u201d pp. 1\u201315, 2014.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 97, 2015"}