CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: standard tubular diameter</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: standard tubular diameter"> <meta name="keywords" content="standard tubular diameter"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="standard tubular diameter" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="standard tubular diameter"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6447</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: standard tubular diameter</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6447</span> Protective Effects of Vitamin C and Vitamin E on Experimentally Induced Testicular Torsion and Detorsion in Rat Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anu%20Vinod%20Ranade">Anu Vinod Ranade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: To evaluate and compare the effects of Vitamin C and Vitamin E on experimentally induced testicular torsion and detorsion in rats. Methods: Forty Male Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups. Animals in the Group I underwent Sham operation, Group II consisted of animals that were subjected to torsion for three hours followed by detorsion for 24 hours without any treatment. While Group III, IV and V were orally pretreated with Vitamin C (40mg/kg.bw), vitamin E (100mg/kg.bw) and a combination of Vitamin C and vitamin E respectively for a period of 30 days. The testes of the experimental groups were manually rotated to 720° clockwise for three hours and counter rotated for 24 hours to induce ischemia and reperfusion. Sequential biopsies were performed and the testes were collected at the end of 24 hours of detrosion for morphological evaluation. Result: There was a significant decrease in the standard tubular diameter and the epithelial height of the seminiferous tubules in the untreated group when compared to Sham controls. The standard tubular diameter and seminiferous epithelial height showed near normal values when animals were pretreated with Vitamin C and Vitamin E individually or in combination. Conclusion: The results showed that pretreatment of with antioxidants vitamin E and vitamin C when administered prior to testicular torsion in rats significantly reduced the torsion and detorsion induced histopathlogical injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20C" title="vitamin C">vitamin C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20E" title=" vitamin E"> vitamin E</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter" title=" standard tubular diameter"> standard tubular diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20epithelial%20height" title=" standard epithelial height"> standard epithelial height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testicular%20torsion" title=" testicular torsion"> testicular torsion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29446/protective-effects-of-vitamin-c-and-vitamin-e-on-experimentally-induced-testicular-torsion-and-detorsion-in-rat-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6446</span> Comparative Study on Structural Behaviour of Circular Hollow Steel Tubular, Concrete Filled Steel Tubular, and Reinforced Cement Concrete Stub Columns under Pure Axial Compression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niladri%20Roy">Niladri Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Longshithung%20Patton"> M. Longshithung Patton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is aimed at studying the structural response of circular hollow steel tubular (HST), concrete filled steel tubular (CFST), and reinforced cement concrete (RCC) stub columns when subjected to only axial compressive forces and also examining their comparative nature using finite element (FE) models. These results are further compared with the respective experimental results. FE software package ABAQUS 6.14 has been used for further parametric studies where a total of 108 FE models were modelled. The diameters of the HST, CFST, and RCC stub columns are kept as 100, 140, 180, and 220, with length to diameter ratio fixed at 3 to avoid end effects and flexural failure. To keep the same percentage of steel (by volume), the thicknesses of steel tubes in HST and CFST columns were varied in response to the change in diameter of the main reinforcement bar in RCC columns. M25 grade of concrete was used throughout. The objective is to compare the structural behaviour of HST, CFST, and RCC stub columns on the basis of their axial compressive load carrying capacity and failure modes. The studies show that filling the circular HST columns with concrete increases the Pu of the CCFST columns by 2.97 times. It was also observed that the Pu (HST) is about 0.72 times Pu (RCC) on average, and the Pu (CFST) is about 2.08 times Pu (RCC) on average. After the analysis and comparison, it has been proved that CFST has much more load carrying capacity than HST and RCC and also provides the same strength at a very less sectional size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HST%20columns" title="HST columns">HST columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stub%20columns" title=" stub columns"> stub columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFST%20columns" title=" CFST columns"> CFST columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RCC%20columns" title=" RCC columns"> RCC columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20modeling" title=" finite element modeling"> finite element modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABAQUS" title=" ABAQUS"> ABAQUS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154745/comparative-study-on-structural-behaviour-of-circular-hollow-steel-tubular-concrete-filled-steel-tubular-and-reinforced-cement-concrete-stub-columns-under-pure-axial-compression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6445</span> Investigation of Flow Characteristics on Upstream and Downstream of Orifice Using Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=War%20War%20Min%20Swe">War War Min Swe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aung%20Myat%20Thu"> Aung Myat Thu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khin%20Cho%20Thet"> Khin Cho Thet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaw%20Moe%20Htet"> Zaw Moe Htet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thuzar%20Mon"> Thuzar Mon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main parameter of the orifice hole diameter was designed according to the range of throttle diameter ratio which gave the required discharge coefficient. The discharge coefficient is determined by difference diameter ratios. The value of discharge coefficient is 0.958 occurred at throttle diameter ratio 0.5. The throttle hole diameter is 80 mm. The flow analysis is done numerically using ANSYS 17.0, computational fluid dynamics. The flow velocity was analyzed in the upstream and downstream of the orifice meter. The downstream velocity of non-standard orifice meter is 2.5% greater than that of standard orifice meter. The differential pressure is 515.379 Pa in standard orifice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD-CFX" title="CFD-CFX">CFD-CFX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discharge%20coefficients" title=" discharge coefficients"> discharge coefficients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20characteristics" title=" flow characteristics"> flow characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined" title=" inclined"> inclined</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111939/investigation-of-flow-characteristics-on-upstream-and-downstream-of-orifice-using-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6444</span> Degree of Bending in Axially Loaded Tubular KT-Joints of Offshore Structures: Parametric Study and Formulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Ahmadi">Hamid Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shadi%20Asoodeh"> Shadi Asoodeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fatigue life of tubular joints commonly found in offshore industry is not only dependent on the value of hot-spot stress (HSS), but is also significantly influenced by the through-the-thickness stress distribution characterized by the degree of bending (DoB). The determination of DoB values in a tubular joint is essential for improving the accuracy of fatigue life estimation using the stress-life (S–N) method and particularly for predicting the fatigue crack growth based on the fracture mechanics (FM) approach. In the present paper, data extracted from finite element (FE) analyses of tubular KT-joints, verified against experimental data and parametric equations, was used to investigate the effects of geometrical parameters on DoB values at the crown 0˚, saddle, and crown 180˚ positions along the weld toe of central brace in tubular KT-joints subjected to axial loading. Parametric study was followed by a set of nonlinear regression analyses to derive DoB parametric formulas for the fatigue analysis of KT-joints under axial loads. The tubular KT-joint is a quite common joint type found in steel offshore structures. However, despite the crucial role of the DoB in evaluating the fatigue performance of tubular joints, this paper is the first attempt to study and formulate the DoB values in KT-joints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubular%20KT-joint" title="tubular KT-joint">tubular KT-joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20bending%0D%0A%28DoB%29" title=" degree of bending (DoB)"> degree of bending (DoB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20loading" title=" axial loading"> axial loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20formula" title=" parametric formula "> parametric formula </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26817/degree-of-bending-in-axially-loaded-tubular-kt-joints-of-offshore-structures-parametric-study-and-formulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6443</span> Poly(ε-Caprolactone)-Based Bilayered Scaffolds Prepared by Electrospinning for Tissue Engineering of Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Fayez%20Al%20Rez">Mohammed Fayez Al Rez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, there is an unmet clinical need for new small-diameter vascular grafts to overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods used for treatment of widespread cardiovascular diseases. Vascular tissue engineering (VTE) is a promising approach that can be utilized to develop viable vascular grafts by in vitro seeding of functional cells onto a scaffold allowing them to attach, proliferate and differentiate. To achieve this purpose, the scaffold should provide cells with the initial necessary extracellular matrix environment and structure until being able to reconstruct the required vascular tissue. Therefore, producing scaffolds with suitable features is crucial for guiding cells properly to develop the desired tissue-engineered vascular grafts for clinical applications. The main objective of this work is fabrication and characterization of tubular small-diameter ( < 6 mm) bilayered scaffolds for VTE. The scaffolds were prepared via mixing electrospinning approach of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymer – due to its favorable physicochemical properties – to mimic the natural environment-extracellular matrix. Firstly, tubular nanofibrous construct with inner diameter of 3, 4 or 5 mm was electrospun as inner layer, and secondly, microfibrous construct was electrospun as outer layer directly on the first produced inner layer. To improve the biological properties of PCL, a group of the electrospun scaffolds was immersed in type-1 collagen solution. The morphology and structure of the resulting fibrous scaffolds were investigated by scanning electron microscope. The electrospun nanofibrous inner layer contained fibers measuring 219±35 nm in diameter, while the electrospun microfibrous outer layer contained fibers measuring 1011 ± 150 nm. Furthermore, mechanical, thermal and physical tests were conducted with both electrospun bilayered scaffold types where revealed improved properties. Biological investigations using endothelial, smooth muscle and fibroblast cell line showed good biocompatibility of both tested electrospun scaffolds. Better attachment and proliferation were obviously found when cells were cultured on the scaffolds immersed with collagen due to increasing the hydrophilicity of the PCL. The easy, inexpensive and versatile electrospinning approach used in this work was able to successfully produce double layered tubular elastic structures containing both nanofibers and microfibers to imitate the native vascular structure. The PCL – as a suitable and approved biomaterial for many biomedical and tissue engineering applications – can ensure favorable mechanical properties of scaffolds used for VTE. The VTE approach using electrospun bilayered scaffolds offers optimal solutions and holds significant promises for treatment of many cardiovascular diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28%CE%B5-caprolactone%29%20%28PCL%29" title=" poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)"> poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue-engineered%20vascular%20graft" title=" tissue-engineered vascular graft"> tissue-engineered vascular graft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubular%20bilayered%20scaffolds" title=" tubular bilayered scaffolds"> tubular bilayered scaffolds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vascular%20cells" title=" vascular cells"> vascular cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70732/polye-caprolactone-based-bilayered-scaffolds-prepared-by-electrospinning-for-tissue-engineering-of-small-diameter-vascular-grafts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6442</span> Development of Probability Distribution Models for Degree of Bending (DoB) in Chord Member of Tubular X-Joints under Bending Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Ahmadi">Hamid Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirreza%20Ghaffari"> Amirreza Ghaffari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fatigue life of tubular joints in offshore structures is not only dependent on the value of hot-spot stress, but is also significantly influenced by the through-the-thickness stress distribution characterized by the degree of bending (DoB). The DoB exhibits considerable scatter calling for greater emphasis in accurate determination of its governing probability distribution which is a key input for the fatigue reliability analysis of a tubular joint. Although the tubular X-joints are commonly found in offshore jacket structures, as far as the authors are aware, no comprehensive research has been carried out on the probability distribution of the DoB in tubular X-joints. What has been used so far as the probability distribution of the DoB in reliability analyses is mainly based on assumptions and limited observations, especially in terms of distribution parameters. In the present paper, results of parametric equations available for the calculation of the DoB have been used to develop probability distribution models for the DoB in the chord member of tubular X-joints subjected to four types of bending loads. Based on a parametric study, a set of samples was prepared and density histograms were generated for these samples using Freedman-Diaconis method. Twelve different probability density functions (PDFs) were fitted to these histograms. The maximum likelihood method was utilized to determine the parameters of fitted distributions. In each case, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the goodness of fit. Finally, after substituting the values of estimated parameters for each distribution, a set of fully defined PDFs have been proposed for the DoB in tubular X-joints subjected to bending loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubular%20X-joint" title="tubular X-joint">tubular X-joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20bending%20%28DoB%29" title=" degree of bending (DoB)"> degree of bending (DoB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20density%20function%20%28PDF%29" title=" probability density function (PDF)"> probability density function (PDF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolmogorov-Smirnov%20goodness-of-fit%20test" title=" Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test"> Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20736/development-of-probability-distribution-models-for-degree-of-bending-dob-in-chord-member-of-tubular-x-joints-under-bending-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">719</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6441</span> Reliability-Simulation of Composite Tubular Structure under Pressure by Finite Elements Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Hocine">Abdelkader Hocine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhakim%20Maizia"> Abdelhakim Maizia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The exponential growth of reinforced fibers composite materials use has prompted researchers to step up their work on the prediction of their reliability. Owing to differences between the properties of the materials used for the composite, the manufacturing processes, the load combinations and types of environment, the prediction of the reliability of composite materials has become a primary task. Through failure criteria, TSAI-WU and the maximum stress, the reliability of multilayer tubular structures under pressure is the subject of this paper, where the failure probability of is estimated by the method of Monte Carlo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title="composite">composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monte%20carlo" title=" monte carlo"> monte carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubular%20structure" title=" tubular structure"> tubular structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45435/reliability-simulation-of-composite-tubular-structure-under-pressure-by-finite-elements-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6440</span> Fatigue Life Estimation of Tubular Joints - A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeron%20Maheswaran">Jeron Maheswaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudath%20C.%20Siriwardane"> Sudath C. Siriwardane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In fatigue analysis, the structural detail of tubular joint has taken great attention among engineers. The DNV-RP-C203 is covering this topic quite well for simple and clear joint cases. For complex joint and geometry, where joint classification isn’t available and limitation on validity range of non-dimensional geometric parameters, the challenges become a fact among engineers. The classification of joint is important to carry out through the fatigue analysis. These joint configurations are identified by the connectivity and the load distribution of tubular joints. To overcome these problems to some extent, this paper compare the fatigue life of tubular joints in offshore jacket according to the stress concentration factors (SCF) in DNV-RP-C203 and finite element method employed Abaqus/CAE. The paper presents the geometric details, material properties and considered load history of the jacket structure. Describe the global structural analysis and identification of critical tubular joints for fatigue life estimation. Hence fatigue life is determined based on the guidelines provided by design codes. Fatigue analysis of tubular joints is conducted using finite element employed Abaqus/CAE [4] as next major step. Finally, obtained SCFs and fatigue lives are compared and their significances are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20life" title="fatigue life">fatigue life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-concentration%20factor" title=" stress-concentration factor"> stress-concentration factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20jacket%20structure" title=" offshore jacket structure"> offshore jacket structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25841/fatigue-life-estimation-of-tubular-joints-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6439</span> Effect of Needle Diameter on the Morphological Structure of Electrospun n-Bi2O3/Epoxy-PVA Nanofiber Mats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassam%20M.%20Abunahel">Bassam M. Abunahel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Zahirah%20Noor%20Azman"> Nurul Zahirah Noor Azman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munirah%20Jamil"> Munirah Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of needle diameter on the morphological structure of electrospun n-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/epoxy-PVA nanofibers has been investigated using three different types of needle diameters. The results were observed and investigated using two techniques of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The first technique is backscattered SEM while the second is secondary electron SEM. The results demonstrate that there is a correlation between the needle diameter and the morphology of electrospun nanofibers. As the internal needle diameter decreases, the average nanofiber diameter decreases and the fibers get thinner and smoother without agglomeration or beads formation. Moreover, with small needle diameter the nanofibrous porosity get larger compared with large needle diameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=needle%20diameter" title="needle diameter">needle diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20diameter" title=" fiber diameter"> fiber diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agglomeration" title=" agglomeration"> agglomeration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96642/effect-of-needle-diameter-on-the-morphological-structure-of-electrospun-n-bi2o3epoxy-pva-nanofiber-mats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6438</span> The Convection Heater Numerical Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristian%20Patrascioiu">Cristian Patrascioiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loredana%20Negoita"> Loredana Negoita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is focused on modeling and simulation of the tubular heaters. The paper is structured in four parts: the structure of the tubular convection section, the heat transfer model, the adaptation of the mathematical model and the solving model. The main hypothesis of the heat transfer modeling is that the heat exchanger of the convective tubular heater is a lumped system. In the same time, the model uses the heat balance relations, Newton’s law and criteria relations. The numerical program achieved allows for the estimation of the burn gases outlet temperature and the heated flow outlet temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchanger" title="heat exchanger">heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modelling" title=" mathematical modelling"> mathematical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20equation%20system" title=" nonlinear equation system"> nonlinear equation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newton-Raphson%20algorithm" title=" Newton-Raphson algorithm"> Newton-Raphson algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3701/the-convection-heater-numerical-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6437</span> Deep Foundations: Analysis of the Lateral Response of Closed Ended Steel Tubular Piles Embedded in Sandy Soil Using P-Y Curves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameer%20A.%20Jebur">Ameer A. Jebur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Atherton"> William Atherton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafid%20M.%20Alkhaddar"> Rafid M. Alkhaddar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Loffill"> Edward Loffill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the behaviour of the piles under the action of the independent lateral loads and the precise prediction of the capacity of piles subjected to different lateral loads are vital topics in foundation design and analysis. Moreover, the laterally loaded behaviour of deep foundations penetrated in cohesive and non-cohesive soils is basically analysed by the Winkler Model (beam on elastic foundation), in which the interaction between the pile embedded depth and contacted soil is simulated by nonlinear p–y curves. The presence of many approaches to interpret the behaviour of soil-pile interaction has resulted in numerous outputs and indicates that no general approach has yet been adopted. The current study presents the result of numerical modelling of the behaviour of steel tubular piles (25.4mm) outside diameter with various embedment depth-to-diameter ratios (L/d) embedded in a sand calibrated chamber of known relative density. The study revealed that the shear strength parameters of the sand specimens and the (L/d) ratios are the most significant factor influencing the response of the pile and its capacity while taking into consideration the complex interaction between the pile and soil. Good agreement has been achieved when comparing the application of this modelling approach with experimental physical modelling carried out by another researcher. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20foundations" title="deep foundations">deep foundations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slenderness%20ratio" title=" slenderness ratio"> slenderness ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-pile%20interaction" title=" soil-pile interaction"> soil-pile interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winkler%20model%20%28beam%20on%20elastic%20foundation%29" title=" winkler model (beam on elastic foundation)"> winkler model (beam on elastic foundation)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-cohesive%20soil" title=" non-cohesive soil"> non-cohesive soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46589/deep-foundations-analysis-of-the-lateral-response-of-closed-ended-steel-tubular-piles-embedded-in-sandy-soil-using-p-y-curves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6436</span> Experimental Study - Inorganic Membranes for Air Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adesola%20O.%20Orimoloye">Adesola O. Orimoloye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20N.%20Kajama"> Mohammed N. Kajama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Gobina"> Edward Gobina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas permeation of Oxygen [O2] and Nitrogen [N2] were investigated at room temperature using 15 and 6000nm pore diameter tubular commercial alumina ceramic membranes with pressure values ranging 1.00 to 2.50 bar. The flow rates of up to 2.59 and 2.77 l/min were achieved for O2 and N2 respectively. The ratio of O2/N2 flow rates were used to compute the O2/N2 selectivity. The experimental O2/N2 selectivity obtained for 15 nm was 1.05 while the 6000 nm indicated 0.95. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20separation" title="gas separation">gas separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen" title=" oxygen"> oxygen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selectivity" title=" selectivity"> selectivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26529/experimental-study-inorganic-membranes-for-air-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6435</span> Numerical Study on the Ultimate Load of Offshore Two-Planar Tubular KK-Joints at Fire-Induced Elevated Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Ahmadi">Hamid Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Azari-Dodaran"> Neda Azari-Dodaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A total of 270 nonlinear steady-state finite element (FE) analyses were performed on 54 FE models of two-planar circular hollow section (CHS) KK-joints subjected to axial loading at five different temperatures (20 ºC, 200 ºC, 400 ºC, 550 ºC, and 700 ºC). The primary goal was to investigate the effects of temperature and geometrical characteristics on the ultimate strength, modes of failure, and initial stiffness of the KK-joints. Results indicated that on an average basis, the ultimate load of a two-planar tubular KK-joint at 200 ºC, 400 ºC, 550 ºC, and 700 ºC is 90%, 75%, 45%, and 16% of the joint’s ultimate load at ambient temperature, respectively. Outcomes of the parametric study showed that replacing the yield stress at ambient temperature with the corresponding value at elevated temperature to apply the EN 1993-1-8 equations for the calculation of the joint’s ultimate load at elevated temperatures may lead to highly unconservative results that might endanger the safety of the structure. Results of the parametric study were then used to develop a set of design formulas, through nonlinear regression analyses, to calculate the ultimate load of two-planar tubular KK-joints subjected to axial loading at elevated temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultimate%20load" title="ultimate load">ultimate load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-planar%20tubular%20KK-joint" title=" two-planar tubular KK-joint"> two-planar tubular KK-joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20loading" title=" axial loading"> axial loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevated%20temperature" title=" elevated temperature"> elevated temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20equation" title=" parametric equation"> parametric equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108647/numerical-study-on-the-ultimate-load-of-offshore-two-planar-tubular-kk-joints-at-fire-induced-elevated-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6434</span> Hematuria Following Magnesium Sulfate Administration in a Pregnant Patient with Renal Tubular Acidosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Gayl%20Barcelon">Jan Gayl Barcelon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Gorgonio"> N. Gorgonio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Renal tubular acidosis, a medical condition that involves the accumulation of acid in the body due to failure of the kidneys to maintain normal urine and blood pH, is rarely encountered in pregnancy. The effect of renal tubular acidosis in pregnancy is not fully established. It may worsen during pregnancy and cause maternal and fetal morbidity. A 30-year-old primigravida was diagnosed with renal tubular acidosis at age 7, but due to uncontrolled disease progression, she developed rickets at age 10. She was first seen in our institution at eight weeks gestation and maintained on bicarbonate and potassium supplementation. At 26 weeks gestation, she was diagnosed with polyhydramnios, causing on and off irregular uterine contractions. At 30 weeks gestation, despite oral Nifedipine, premature labor was uncontrolled; hence she was admitted for tocolysis. With elevated creatinine (123 umol/L) and a normal blood urea nitrogen level (6.70 mmol/L), she was referred to Nephrology Service, which cleared the patient prior to MgSO₄ drip. Dosing of 4g MgSO₄ over 20 minutes followed by a maintenance of 2g/hour x 24 hours for neuroprotection and tocolysis was ordered. Two hours after MgSO₄ drip initiation, hematuria developed with adequate urine output. The infusion was immediately stopped. The serum magnesium level was high normal at 6.7 mEq/L. After 4 hours of renal clearance, the repeat serum magnesium level was normal (2.7 mEq/L) and with clear urine output. The patient was then given Nifedipine 30mg/tab, 3x a day which controlled the uterine contractions. At 37 weeks gestation, the patient delivered via primary low transverse Cesarean Section to a live female with a birthweight of 2470gm, appropriate for gestational age. The use of MgSO₄ for the control of premature labor in patients with chronic renal disease secondary to renal tubular can cause hematuria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematuria" title="hematuria">hematuria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20sulfate" title=" magnesium sulfate"> magnesium sulfate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premature%20labor" title=" premature labor"> premature labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renal%20tubular%20acidosis" title=" renal tubular acidosis"> renal tubular acidosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137584/hematuria-following-magnesium-sulfate-administration-in-a-pregnant-patient-with-renal-tubular-acidosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6433</span> The Pitch Diameter of Pipe Taper Thread Measurement and Uncertainty Using Three-Wire Probe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kloypayan">J. Kloypayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Pimpakan"> W. Pimpakan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pipe taper thread measurement and uncertainty normally used the four-wire probe according to the JIS B 0262. Besides, according to the EA-10/10 standard, the pipe thread could be measured using the three-wire probe. This research proposed to use the three-wire probe measuring the pitch diameter of the pipe taper thread. The measuring accessory component was designed and made, then, assembled to one side of the ULM 828 CiM machine. Therefore, this machine could be used to measure and calibrate both the pipe thread and the pipe taper thread. The equations and the expanded uncertainty for pitch diameter measurement were formulated. After the experiment, the results showed that the pipe taper thread had the pitch diameter equal to 19.165 mm and the expanded uncertainty equal to 1.88µm. Then, the experiment results were compared to the results from the National Institute of Metrology Thailand. The equivalence ratio from the comparison showed that both results were related. Thus, the proposed method of using the three-wire probe measured the pitch diameter of the pipe taper thread was acceptable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20taper%20thread" title="pipe taper thread">pipe taper thread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-wire%20probe" title=" three-wire probe"> three-wire probe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measure%20and%20calibration" title=" measure and calibration"> measure and calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20universal%20length%20measuring%20machine" title=" the universal length measuring machine"> the universal length measuring machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2496/the-pitch-diameter-of-pipe-taper-thread-measurement-and-uncertainty-using-three-wire-probe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6432</span> Experimental Study on Aerodynamic Noise of Radiator Cooling Fan with Different Diameter in Hemi-Anechoic Chamber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malinda%20Sabrina">Malinda Sabrina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Andree%20Yohanes"> F. Andree Yohanes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khoerul%20Anwar"> Khoerul Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are many sources that cause noise in a car, one of them is noise from radiator cooling fan. This part is used to control engine temperature by ensuring adequate airflow through radiator. Radiator cooling fan noise is a very important matter especially for vehicle manufacturers. This can affect brand image of the car and their customer satisfaction. Therefore, some experiments to measure noise level of the fan are required. Sound pressure level measurements for two axial fans with different diameter have been investigated in a hemi-anechoic chamber based on standard JIS-B8346, focusing on aerodynamic noise. Both fans have the same profile and shape with diameter respectively 43 cm and 49 cm. The measurement was performed in hemi-anechoic chamber in order to obtain a background noise at measuring point as low as possible. Noise characterizations of these radiator cooling fans were measured in five different rotating speed and the results were compared. The measurement result shows that the sound pressure level increases with increasing rotational speed of the fan. In comparison with a smaller diameter, it is shown that fan with larger diameter produces higher noise level at the same rotational speed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics%20noise" title="aerodynamics noise">aerodynamics noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemi-anechoic%20chamber" title=" hemi-anechoic chamber"> hemi-anechoic chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiator%20cooling%20fan" title=" radiator cooling fan"> radiator cooling fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20pressure%20level" title=" sound pressure level"> sound pressure level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63282/experimental-study-on-aerodynamic-noise-of-radiator-cooling-fan-with-different-diameter-in-hemi-anechoic-chamber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6431</span> Cheese Production at Low Temperatures Using Probiotic L. casei ATCC 393 and Rennin Enzyme Entrapped in Tubular Cellulose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleftheria%20Barouni">Eleftheria Barouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonia%20Terpou"> Antonia Terpou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Kanellaki"> Maria Kanellaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Argyro%20Bekatorou"> Argyro Bekatorou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanasios%20A.Koutinas"> Athanasios A.Koutinas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present work was to evaluate the production of cheese using a composite filter of tubular cellulose (TC) with [a] entrapped rennin enzyme and [b] immobilized L.casei and entrapped enzyme. Tubular cellulose from sawdust was prepared after lignin removal with 1% NaOH. The biocatalysts were thermally dried at 38oC and used for milk coagulation. The effect of temperature (5,20,37 oC) of the first dried biocatalyst on the pH kinetics of milk coagulation was examined. The optimum temperature (37oC) of the first biocatalyst was used for milk coagulation with the second biocatalyst prepared by entrapment of both rennin enzyme and probiotic lactic acid bacteria in order to introduce a sour taste in cheeses. This co-biocatalyst was used for milk coagulation. Samples were studied as regards its effect on lactic acid formation and its correlation with taste test results in cheeses. For both biocatalysts samples were analyzed for total acidity and lactic acid formation by HPLC. The quality of the produced cheeses was examined through the determination of volatile compounds by SPME GC/MS analysis. Preliminary taste tests and microbiological analysis were performed and encourage us for further research regarding scale up. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubular%20cellulose" title="tubular cellulose">tubular cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lactobacillus%20casei" title=" Lactobacillus casei"> Lactobacillus casei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rennin%20enzyme" title=" rennin enzyme"> rennin enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cheese%20production" title=" cheese production "> cheese production </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20867/cheese-production-at-low-temperatures-using-probiotic-l-casei-atcc-393-and-rennin-enzyme-entrapped-in-tubular-cellulose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6430</span> Separation of Urinary Proteins with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis in Patients with Secondary Nephropathies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Kostovska">Irena Kostovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katerina%20%20Tosheska%20Trajkovska"> Katerina Tosheska Trajkovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Cekovska"> Svetlana Cekovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julijana%20%20Brezovska%20Kavrakova"> Julijana Brezovska Kavrakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hristina%20Ampova"> Hristina Ampova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonja%20%20Topuzovska"> Sonja Topuzovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ognen%20Kostovski"> Ognen Kostovski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goce%20%20Spasovski"> Goce Spasovski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danica%20Labudovic"> Danica Labudovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Proteinuria is an important feature of secondary nephropathies. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of proteinuria plays an important role in determining the types of proteinuria (glomerular, tubular and mixed), in the diagnosis and prognosis of secondary nephropathies. The damage of the glomerular basement membrane is responsible for a proteinuria characterized by the presence of large amounts of protein with high molecular weights such as albumin (69 kilo Daltons-kD), transferrin (78 kD) and immunoglobulin G (150 kD). An insufficiency of proximal tubular function is the cause of a proteinuria characterized by the presence of proteins with low molecular weight (LMW), such as retinol binding protein (21 kD) and α1-microglobulin (31 kD). In some renal diseases, a mixed glomerular and tubular proteinuria is frequently seen. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is the most widely used method of analyzing urine proteins for clinical purposes. The main aim of the study is to determine the type of proteinuria in the most common secondary nephropathies such as diabetic, hypertensive nephropathy and preeclampsia. Material and methods: In this study were included 90 subjects: subjects with diabetic nephropathy (n=30), subjects with hypertensive nephropahty (n=30) and pregnant women with preeclampsia (n=30). We divided all subjects according to UM/CR into three subgroups: macroalbuminuric (UM/CR >300 mg/g), microalbuminuric (UM/CR 30-300 mg/g) and normolabuminuric (UM/CR<30 mg/g). In all subjects, we measured microalbumin and creatinine in urine with standard biochemical methods. Separation of urinary proteins was performed by SDS-PAGE, in several stages: linear gel preparation (4-22%), treatment of urinary samples before their application on the gel, electrophoresis, gel fixation, coloring with Coomassie blue, and identification of the separated protein fractions based on standards with exactly known molecular weight. Results: According to urinary microalbumin/creatinin ratio in group of subject with diabetic nephropathy, nine patients were macroalbuminuric, while 21 subject were microalbuminuric. In group of subjects with hypertensive nephropathy, we found macroalbuminuria (n=4), microalbuminuria (n=20) and normoalbuminuria (n=6). All pregnant women with preeclampsia were macroalbuminuric. Electrophoretic separation of urinary proteins showed that in macroalbuminric patients with diabetic nephropathy 56% have mixed proteinuria, 22% have glomerular proteinuria and 22% have tubular proteinuria. In subgroup of subjects with diabetic nephropathy and microalbuminuria, 52% have glomerular proteinuria, 8% have tubular proteinuria, and 40% of subjects have normal electrophoretic findings. All patients with maroalbuminuria and hypertensive nephropathy have mixed proteinuria. In subgroup of patients with microalbuminuria and hypertensive nephropathy, we found: 32% with mixed proteinuria, 27% with normal findings, 23% with tubular, and 18% with glomerular proteinuria. In all normoalbuminruic patiens with hypertensive nephropathy, we detected normal electrophoretic findings. In group of subjects pregnant women with preeclampsia, we found: 81% with mixed proteinuria, 13% with glomerular, and 8% with tubular proteinuria. Conclusion: By SDS PAGE method, we detected that in patients with secondary nephropathies the most common type of proteinuria is mixed proteinuria, indicating both loss of glomerular permeability and tubular function. We can conclude that SDS PAGE is high sensitive method for detection of renal impairment in patients with secondary nephropathies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20nephropathy" title="diabetic nephropathy">diabetic nephropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preeclampsia" title=" preeclampsia"> preeclampsia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertensive%20nephropathy" title=" hypertensive nephropathy"> hypertensive nephropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDS%20PAGE" title=" SDS PAGE"> SDS PAGE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119794/separation-of-urinary-proteins-with-sodium-dodecyl-sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis-in-patients-with-secondary-nephropathies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6429</span> Analysis for Shear Spinning of Tubes with Hard-To-Work Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhwinder%20Singh%20Jolly">Sukhwinder Singh Jolly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal spinning is one such process in which the stresses are localized to a small area and the material is made to flow or move over the mandrel with the help of spinning tool. Spinning of tubular products can be performed by two techniques, forward spinning and backward spinning. Many researchers have studied the process both experimentally and analytically. An effort has been made to apply the process to the spinning of thin wall, highly precision, small bore long tube in hard-to-work materials such as titanium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20spinning" title="metal spinning">metal spinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard-to-work%20materials" title=" hard-to-work materials"> hard-to-work materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roller%20diameter" title=" roller diameter"> roller diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20consumption" title=" power consumption"> power consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22316/analysis-for-shear-spinning-of-tubes-with-hard-to-work-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6428</span> Data and Model-based Metamodels for Prediction of Performance of Extended Hollo-Bolt Connections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Cabrera">M. Cabrera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Tizani"> W. Tizani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Ninic"> J. Ninic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Wang"> F. Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Open section beam to concrete-filled tubular column structures has been increasingly utilized in construction over the past few decades due to their enhanced structural performance, as well as economic and architectural advantages. However, the use of this configuration in construction is limited due to the difficulties in connecting the structural members as there is no access to the inner part of the tube to install standard bolts. Blind-bolted systems are a relatively new approach to overcome this limitation as they only require access to one side of the tubular section to tighten the bolt. The performance of these connections in concrete-filled steel tubular sections remains uncharacterized due to the complex interactions between concrete, bolt, and steel section. Over the last years, research in structural performance has moved to a more sophisticated and efficient approach consisting of machine learning algorithms to generate metamodels. This method reduces the need for developing complex, and computationally expensive finite element models, optimizing the search for desirable design variables. Metamodels generated by a data fusion approach use numerical and experimental results by combining multiple models to capture the dependency between the simulation design variables and connection performance, learning the relations between different design parameters and predicting a given output. Fully characterizing this connection will transform high-rise and multistorey construction by means of the introduction of design guidance for moment-resisting blind-bolted connections, which is currently unavailable. This paper presents a review of the steps taken to develop metamodels generated by means of artificial neural network algorithms which predict the connection stress and stiffness based on the design parameters when using Extended Hollo-Bolt blind bolts. It also provides consideration of the failure modes and mechanisms that contribute to the deformability as well as the feasibility of achieving blind-bolted rigid connections when using the blind fastener. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blind-bolted%20connections" title="blind-bolted connections">blind-bolted connections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete-filled%20tubular%20structures" title=" concrete-filled tubular structures"> concrete-filled tubular structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamodeling" title=" metamodeling"> metamodeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143161/data-and-model-based-metamodels-for-prediction-of-performance-of-extended-hollo-bolt-connections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6427</span> Intensification of Ethyl Esters Synthesis Using a Packed-Bed Tubular Reactor at Supercritical Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camila%20da%20Silva">Camila da Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simone%20Belorte%20de%20Andrade"> Simone Belorte de Andrade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitor%20Augusto%20dos%20Santos%20Garcia"> Vitor Augusto dos Santos Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Ferreira%20Cabral"> Vladimir Ferreira Cabral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Vladimir%20Oliveira%20L%C3%BAcio%20Cardozo-Filho"> J. Vladimir Oliveira Lúcio Cardozo-Filho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the non-catalytic transesterification of soybean oil in continuous mode using supercritical ethanol were investigated. Experiments were performed in a packed-bed tubular reactor (PBTR) and variable studied were reaction temperature (523 K to 598 K), pressure (10 MPa to 20 MPa), oil to ethanol molar ratio (1:10 to 1:40) and water concentration (0 wt% to 10 wt% in ethanol). Results showed that ethyl esters yields obtained in the PBTR were higher (> 20 wt%) than those verified in a tubular reactor (TR), due to improved mass transfer conditions attained in the PBTR. Results demonstrated that temperature, pressure, oil to ethanol molar ratio and water concentration had a positive effect on fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) production in the experimental range investigated, with appreciable reaction yields (90 wt%) achieved at 598 K, 20 MPa, oil to ethanol molar ratio of 1:40 and 10 wt% of water concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packed%20bed%20reactor" title="packed bed reactor">packed bed reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethyl%20esters" title=" ethyl esters"> ethyl esters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20process" title=" continuous process"> continuous process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst-free%20process" title=" catalyst-free process"> catalyst-free process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20326/intensification-of-ethyl-esters-synthesis-using-a-packed-bed-tubular-reactor-at-supercritical-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6426</span> Variability of Covariance of Selected Skeletal Diameters of Female in a Longitudinal Physical Training Programme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhananjoy%20Shaw">Dhananjoy Shaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Sharma%20%28Kaushik%29"> Seema Sharma (Kaushik)</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anthropometry helps in associating the physical properties of an individual with their racial, cultural, and psychological attributes. Numerous research studies have included different skeletal diameters as a variable. However, most of the studies suggest their inclusion describing specific characteristics/traits of the body. However, there seems to be a scarcity of literature related to the effect of any kind of longitudinal physical training on human skeletal diameters. Hence, the present investigation was conducted to study the variability of covariance of selected skeletal diameters of females in a longitudinal physical training programme. The sample for the study was 78 college going students of the University of Delhi, classified equally in three groups, i.e. viz. (a) Progressive load of training or conditioning group coded as PLT; (b) Constant load of training or non-conditioning group coded as CLT; and (c) No-load or control or sedentary group coded as NL. Collectively, mean age of the sample was 19.54±1.79 years. The randomly selected samples were given maximum consideration to maintain their homogeneity. The variables included biacromial diameter, biiliocristal diameter, bitrochantaerion diameter, humeral bicondylar, femoral bicondylar, wrist diameter, ankle diameter, and foot breadth. Multi-group repeated measure design was adopted for the experimentation. Each group was measured four times after completion of each of the three meso-cycles of six-weeks duration. The measurements were taken following the standard landmarks and procedures. Mean, standard deviation, analysis of co-variance and its post-hoc analysis were computed to analyze the data statistically. The study concluded that both the progressive and constant load of physical training bring changes in the selected skeletal diameters of females. It also reflected the increase due to growth also along with training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal" title="longitudinal">longitudinal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20training" title=" physical training"> physical training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20diameters" title=" skeletal diameters"> skeletal diameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=step%20progression%20load" title=" step progression load"> step progression load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112901/variability-of-covariance-of-selected-skeletal-diameters-of-female-in-a-longitudinal-physical-training-programme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6425</span> Effect of Core Puncture Diameter on Bio-Char Kiln Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Intagun">W. Intagun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Khamdaeng"> T. Khamdaeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Prom-ngarm"> P. Prom-ngarm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Panyoyai"> N. Panyoyai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biochar has been used as a soil amendment since it has high porous structure and has proper nutrients and chemical properties for plants. Product yields produced from biochar kiln are dependent on process parameters and kiln types used. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of core puncture diameter on biochar kiln efficiency, i.e., yields of biochar and produced gas. Corncobs were used as raw material to produce biochar. Briquettes from agricultural wastes were used as fuel. Each treatment was performed by changing the core puncture diameter. From the experiment, it is revealed that the yield of biochar at the core puncture diameter of 3.18 mm, 4.76 mm, and 6.35 mm was 10.62 wt. %, 24.12 wt. %, and 12.24 wt. %, of total solid yields, respectively. The yield of produced gas increased with increasing the core puncture diameter. The maximum percentage by weight of the yield of produced gas was 81.53 wt. % which was found at the core puncture diameter of 6.35 mm. The core puncture diameter was furthermore found to affect the temperature distribution inside the kiln and its thermal efficiency. In conclusion, the high efficient biochar kiln can be designed and constructed by using the proper core puncture diameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anila%20stove" title="anila stove">anila stove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-char" title=" bio-char"> bio-char</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20conditioning%20materials" title=" soil conditioning materials"> soil conditioning materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20distribution" title=" temperature distribution"> temperature distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90969/effect-of-core-puncture-diameter-on-bio-char-kiln-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6424</span> Dexamethasone: Impact on Testicular Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadi-Guettaf%20Hassiba">Sadi-Guettaf Hassiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadj-Bekkouche%20Fatima"> Hadj-Bekkouche Fatima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dexamethasone (Dex) is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is used in therapy. However prolonged treatments with high doses are often required. This causes side effects that interfere with the activity of several endocrine systems, including the gonadotropic axis. The aim of our study is to determine the effect of Dex on testicular function in prepubertal Wistar rats. Newborn Wistar rats are submitted to intraperitoneal injection of Dex (1μg of Dex dissolved in NaCl 0.9% / 5g bw) for 20 days and then sacrificed at the age of 40days. A control group received NaCl 0.9%. The rat is weighed daily. The plasmatic levels of testosterone, LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. A histo-morphometric study was performed on sections of testis. Treated groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (p < 0.05), testis weight (p < 0.05) and plasma levels of testosterone (p < 0.05), of LH (P < .05) and FSH (p> 0.05). There is a reduction of seminiferous tubules average diameter and also of the seminiferous epithelium thickness with an increasing of lumen tubular. The diameter of the Leydig cells and Sertoli cell nucleus is also significantly reduced. Spermatogenesis is blocked at the stage round spermatid unlike witnesses or elongated spermatid stage is found. These results suggest that Dex administered during neonatal life influences testicular activity in the long term. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dexamethasone" title="dexamethasone">dexamethasone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSH" title=" FSH"> FSH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LH" title=" LH"> LH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testis" title=" testis"> testis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testosterone" title=" testosterone"> testosterone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11940/dexamethasone-impact-on-testicular-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6423</span> Effect of Stitching Pattern on Composite Tubular Structures Subjected to Quasi-Static Crushing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Rabiee">Ali Rabiee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hessam%20Ghasemnejad"> Hessam Ghasemnejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extensive experimental investigation on the effect of stitching pattern on tubular composite structures was conducted. The effect of stitching reinforcement through thickness on using glass flux yarn on energy absorption of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) was investigated under high speed loading conditions at axial loading. Keeping the mass of the structure at 125 grams and applying different pattern of stitching at various locations in theory enables better energy absorption, and also enables the control over the behaviour of force-crush distance curve. The study consists of simple non-stitch absorber comparison with single and multi-location stitching behaviour and its effect on energy absorption capabilities. The locations of reinforcements are 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 10-20 mm, 10-30 mm, 20-30 mm, 10-20-30 mm and 10-15-20-25-30-35 mm from the top of the specimen. The effect of through the thickness reinforcements has shown increase in energy absorption capabilities and crushing load. The significance of this is that as the stitching locations are closer, the crushing load increases and consequently energy absorption capabilities are also increased. The implementation of this idea would improve the mean force by applying stitching and controlling the behaviour of force-crush distance curve. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=through-thickness%20stitching" title="through-thickness stitching">through-thickness stitching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20enforcement%E2%80%8B" title=" 3D enforcement"> 3D enforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorption" title=" energy absorption"> energy absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubular%20composite%20structures" title=" tubular composite structures"> tubular composite structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55255/effect-of-stitching-pattern-on-composite-tubular-structures-subjected-to-quasi-static-crushing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6422</span> Effects of Geometrical Parameters on Static Strength of Tubular KT-Joints at Fire Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Ahmadi">Hamid Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Azari%20Dodaran"> Neda Azari Dodaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to study the structural behavior of tubular KT-joints subjected to axial loading at fire induced elevated temperatures. At first, a finite element (FE) model was developed and validated against the data available from experimental tests. Then, a set of 810 FE analyses were performed to study the influence of temperature and dimensionless geometrical parameters (β, γ, θ, and τ) on the ultimate strength and initial stiffness. The joints were analyzed under two types of axial loading and five different temperatures (20 ºC, 200 ºC, 400 ºC, 550 ºC, and 700 ºC). Results show that the ultimate strength and initial stiffness of KT-joints decrease considerably by increasing the temperature. In the joints having bigger values of the β, the temperature elevation leads to less reduction in ultimate strength; while in the joints with bigger values of the γ, the temperature elevation results in more reduction in ultimate strength. The influence of the θ on the ultimate strength is independent from the temperature. To our knowledge, there is no design formula available for determining the ultimate strength of KT-joints at elevated temperatures. Hence, after parametric study, two equations were developed through nonlinear regression, for calculating the ultimate strength of KT-joints at elevated temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20loads" title="axial loads">axial loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20condition" title=" fire condition"> fire condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20formula" title=" parametric formula"> parametric formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20strength" title=" static strength"> static strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubular%20KT-joint" title=" tubular KT-joint"> tubular KT-joint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90190/effects-of-geometrical-parameters-on-static-strength-of-tubular-kt-joints-at-fire-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6421</span> A Study of Common Carotid Artery Behavior from B-Mode Ultrasound Image for Different Gender and BMI Categories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabilah%20Ibrahim">Nabilah Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaliza%20Musa"> Khaliza Musa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increment thickness of intima-media thickness (IMT) which involves the changes of diameter of the carotid artery is one of the early symptoms of the atherosclerosis lesion. The manual measurement of arterial diameter is time consuming and lack of reproducibility. Thus, this study reports the automatic approach to find the arterial diameter behavior for different gender, and body mass index (BMI) categories, focus on tracked region. BMI category is divided into underweight, normal, and overweight categories. Canny edge detection is employed to the B-mode image to extract the important information to be deal as the carotid wall boundary. The result shows the significant difference of arterial diameter between male and female groups which is 2.5% difference. In addition, the significant result of differences of arterial diameter for BMI category is the decreasing of arterial diameter proportional to the BMI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B-mode%20Ultrasound%20Image" title="B-mode Ultrasound Image">B-mode Ultrasound Image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carotid%20artery%20diameter" title=" carotid artery diameter"> carotid artery diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canny%20edge%20detection" title=" canny edge detection"> canny edge detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title=" body mass index"> body mass index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23345/a-study-of-common-carotid-artery-behavior-from-b-mode-ultrasound-image-for-different-gender-and-bmi-categories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6420</span> Analysis of the Behavior of the Structure Under Internal Anfo Explosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Min%20Ko">Seung-Min Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Jai%20Choi"> Seung-Jai Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gun%20Jung"> Gun Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang-Ho%20Jay%20Kim"> Jang-Ho Jay Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although extensive explosion-related research has been performed in the past several decades, almost no research has focused on internal blasts. However, internal blast research is needed to understand about the behavior of a containment structure or building under internal blast loading, as in the case of the Chornobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents. Therefore, the internal blast study concentrated on RC and PSC structures is performed. The test data obtained from reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PSC) tubular structures applied with an internal explosion using ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) charge are used to assess their deformation resistance and ultimate failure load based on the structural stiffness change under various charge weight. For the internal blast charge weight, ANFO explosive charge weights of 15.88, 20.41, 22.68 and 24.95 kg were selected for the RC tubular structures, and 22.68, 24.95, 27.22, 29.48, and 31.75 kg were selected for PSC tubular structures, which were detonated at the center of cross section at the mid-span with a standoff distance of 1,000mm to the inner wall surface. Then, the test data were used to predict the internal charge weight required to fail a real scale reinforced concrete containment vessels (RCCV) and prestressed concrete containment vessel (PCCV). Then, the analytical results based on the experimental data were derived using the simple assumptions of the models, and another approach using the stiffness, deformation and explosion weight relationship was used to formulate a general method for analyzing internal blasted tubular structures. A model of the internal explosion of a steel tube was used as an example for validation. The proposed method can be used generically, using factors according to the material characteristics of the target structures. The results of the study are discussed in detail in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20blast" title="internal blast">internal blast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RCCV" title=" RCCV"> RCCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCCV" title=" PCCV"> PCCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20safety" title=" blast safety"> blast safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179251/analysis-of-the-behavior-of-the-structure-under-internal-anfo-explosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6419</span> Effects of Knitting Variables for Pressure Controlling of Tubular Compression Fabrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi%20Yu">Shi Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rong%20Liu"> Rong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingyun%20Lv"> Jingyun Lv</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Compression textiles with ergonomic-fit and controllable pressure performance have demonstrated positive effect on prevention and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Well-designed compression textile products contribute to improving user compliance in their daily application. This study explored the effects of multiple knitting variables (yarn-machinery settings) on the physical-mechanical properties and the produced pressure magnitudes of tubular compression fabrics (TCFs) through experimental testing and multiple regression modeling. The results indicated that fabric physical (stitch densities and circumference) and mechanical (tensile) properties were affected by the linear density (yarn diameters) of inlay yarns, which, to some extent, influenced pressure magnitudes of the TCFs. Knitting variables (e.g., feeding velocity of inlay yarns and loop size settings) can alter circumferences and tensile properties of tubular fabrics, respectively, and significantly varied pressure values of the TCFs. This study enhanced the understanding of the effects of knitting factors on pressure controlling of TCFs, thus facilitating dimension and pressure design of compression textiles in future development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laid-in%20knitted%20fabric" title="laid-in knitted fabric">laid-in knitted fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yarn-machinery%20settings" title=" yarn-machinery settings"> yarn-machinery settings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20magnitudes" title=" pressure magnitudes"> pressure magnitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20analysis" title=" quantitative analysis"> quantitative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20textiles" title=" compression textiles"> compression textiles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157044/effects-of-knitting-variables-for-pressure-controlling-of-tubular-compression-fabrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6418</span> Numerical Analysis of the Flexural Behaviour of Concrete-Filled Rectangular Flange Girders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Al-Dujele">R. Al-Dujele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Cashell"> K. A. Cashell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A tubular flange girder is an I-shaped steel girder with either one of both of the usual flat flange plates replaced with a hollow section. Typically, these hollow sections are either rectangular or circular in shape. Concrete filled tubular flange girders (CFTFGs) are unconventional I-shaped beams that use a hollow structural section as the top flange which is filled with concrete. The resulting section offers very high lateral torsional buckling strength and stiffness compared with conventional steel I-beams of similar depth, width and weight, typically leading to a reduction in lateral bracing requirements. This paper is focussed on investigating the ultimate capacity of concrete filled rectangular tubular flange girders (CFRTFGs). These are complex members and their behaviour is governed by a number of inter-related parameters. The FE model is developed using ABAQUS software, 3-D finite element (FE) model for simply supported CFRTFGs subjected to two point loads applied at the third-span points is built. An initial geometrical imperfection of (L/1000), as well as geometrical and material nonlinearities, are introduced into the model, where L denotes the span of the girder. In this numerical model, the concrete and steel materials are modelled using eight-node solid and four-node shell elements, respectively. In addition to the FE model, simplified analytical expressions for the flexural capacity are also proposed, and the results are compared to those from the FE analyses. The analytical expressions, which are suitable for design, are also shown to be capable of providing an accurate depiction of the bending moment capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete-filled%20rectangular%20tubular%20flange%20girders" title="concrete-filled rectangular tubular flange girders">concrete-filled rectangular tubular flange girders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultimate%20capacity" title=" ultimate capacity"> ultimate capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confining%20effect" title=" confining effect"> confining effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89719/numerical-analysis-of-the-flexural-behaviour-of-concrete-filled-rectangular-flange-girders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=214">214</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=215">215</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20tubular%20diameter&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>