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//--> </script> </form> </li></ul> <h1 id="locationline"> <ul id="pagelocation"> <li><a href="/SourcesList">SourcesList</a></li> </ul> </h1> </div> <div id="page" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div dir="ltr" id="content" lang="en"><span class="anchor" id="top"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-1"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-2"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-3"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-4"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-5"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-6"></span><p class="line867"><small><a href="/DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation">Translation(s)</a>: <a href="/SourcesList">English</a> - <a href="/es/SourcesList">Español</a> - <a href="/fr/SourcesList">Français</a> - <a href="/it/SourcesList">Italiano</a> - <a href="/pt_BR/SourcesList">Português (Brasil)</a> - <a href="/ru/SourcesList">Русский</a></small> <span class="anchor" id="line-7"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-8"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-9"></span><p class="line867"><div class="table-of-contents"><p class="table-of-contents-heading">Contents<ol><li> <a href="#Configuring_Apt_Sources">Configuring Apt Sources</a><ol><li> <a href="#Commonly_used_package_sources">Commonly used package sources</a></li><li> <a href="#Editing_software_sources">Editing software sources</a><ol><li> <a href="#Precautions">Precautions</a></li><li> <a href="#Using_a_graphical_program">Using a graphical program</a></li><li> <a href="#Using__a_text_editor">Using a text editor</a></li><li> <a href="#sources.list_format">sources.list format</a><ol><li> <a href="#Archive_type">Archive type</a></li><li> <a href="#Repository_URL">Repository URL</a></li><li> <a href="#Distribution">Distribution</a></li><li> <a href="#Component">Component</a></li></ol></li><li> <a href="#Example_sources.list">Example sources.list</a></li><li> <a href="#Unstable">Unstable</a></li></ol></li><li> <a href="#Using_Tor_with_Apt">Using Tor with Apt</a></li><li> <a href="#CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></li><li> <a href="#Name_Resolution">Name Resolution</a></li><li> <a href="#Debug_Symbol_Packages">Debug Symbol Packages</a></li><li> <a href="#More_information">More information</a></li></ol></li></ol></div> <span class="anchor" id="line-10"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-11"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-12"></span><p class="line867"> <h1 id="Configuring_Apt_Sources">Configuring Apt Sources</h1> <span class="anchor" id="line-13"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-14"></span><p class="line867"><a href="/Apt">Apt</a> downloads packages from one or more <a href="/DebianRepository">software repositories</a> (sources) and installs them onto your computer. <span class="anchor" id="line-15"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-16"></span><p class="line862">A repository is generally a network server, such as the official <a href="/DebianStable">DebianStable</a> repository. Local directories or CD/DVD are also accepted. <span class="anchor" id="line-17"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-18"></span><p class="line874">The specific repositories (package sources) configured on your machine affect: <span class="anchor" id="line-19"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-20"></span><ul><li>What software packages are available for download <span class="anchor" id="line-21"></span></li><li>What versions of packages are available <span class="anchor" id="line-22"></span></li><li>Who packages the software <span class="anchor" id="line-23"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-24"></span></li></ul><p class="line867"> <h2 id="Commonly_used_package_sources">Commonly used package sources</h2> <span class="anchor" id="line-25"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-26"></span><ul><li><p class="line891"><a href="/DebianStable">DebianStable</a>: official Debian repository for the current release <span class="anchor" id="line-27"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/StableProposedUpdates">StableProposedUpdates</a>: official Debian repository for upcoming <a href="/DebianReleases/PointReleases">point releases</a> (security and important bug fixes every ~2 months) <span class="anchor" id="line-28"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/StableUpdates">StableUpdates</a>: official Debian repository for changes that cannot wait for the next <a href="/DebianReleases/PointReleases">point release</a>, packages are also added to <a href="/StableProposedUpdates">StableProposedUpdates</a> for inclusion in the next point release <span class="anchor" id="line-29"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/DebianSecurity">DebianSecurity</a>: official Debian repository for frequent security updates <span class="anchor" id="line-30"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/DebianBackports">DebianBackports</a>: more recent versions of some packages, compatible with <a href="/DebianStable">DebianStable</a>. <span class="anchor" id="line-31"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/DebianTesting">DebianTesting</a>: current development state of the next stable Debian distribution <span class="anchor" id="line-32"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/DebianUnstable">DebianUnstable</a>: rolling development version containing the latest packages <span class="anchor" id="line-33"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/DebianExperimental">DebianExperimental</a>: development version containing the experimental/alpha/beta/untested packages <span class="anchor" id="line-34"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-35"></span></li></ul><p class="line867"> <h2 id="Editing_software_sources">Editing software sources</h2> <span class="anchor" id="line-36"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-37"></span><p class="line867"> <h3 id="Precautions">Precautions</h3> <span class="anchor" id="line-38"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-39"></span><p class="line862">Being able to change the repositories used by your <a href="/PackageManagement">package management</a> system is a powerful feature but this power comes with some responsibility. Users are cautioned that it is possible to <a href="/DontBreakDebian">break your system</a> (in a way that could be difficult or impossible to cleanly fix) by adding third-party repositories, or repositories for a Debian version that does not match your current version - these repository create a risk of conflicting package versions, creating what's sometimes called a "Franken-Debian" system. The whole concept behind a Debian stable release is that the Debian developers have picked a set of software and their versions that function nicely together. While this software is patched to fix security issues, the software is frequently not the latest version. It takes some experience to know how the repos may be changed without risk of breaking your system. Users of all levels are advised to change repos cautiously. <span class="anchor" id="line-40"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-41"></span><p class="line867"> <h3 id="Using_a_graphical_program">Using a graphical program</h3> <span class="anchor" id="line-42"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-43"></span><p class="line874">Some programs allow configuring Apt sources through a graphical interface. For example: <span class="anchor" id="line-44"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-45"></span><ul><li><p class="line891"><tt>Applications menu > Settings > Software and updates</tt> (<a class="interwiki" href="https://packages.debian.org/software-properties-gtk" title="DebianPkg">software-properties-gtk</a> package) <span class="anchor" id="line-46"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-47"></span></li></ul><p class="line867"> <h3 id="Using__a_text_editor">Using a text editor</h3> <span class="anchor" id="line-48"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-49"></span><p class="line862">The main Apt sources configuration file is at <strong><tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt></strong>. <span class="anchor" id="line-50"></span>You can edit this file (as <a href="/root">root</a>) using your favorite <a href="/TextEditor">text editor</a>. See the <a class="interwiki" href="https://manpages.debian.org/man/sources.list.5" title="DebianMan">sources.list manual page</a> for more info. <span class="anchor" id="line-51"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-52"></span><p class="line862">To add custom sources, creating separate files under <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</tt> in DEB822 source format is preferred. See the <a class="interwiki" href="https://manpages.debian.org/man/deb822.5" title="DebianMan">deb822 manual page</a> for more info. <span class="anchor" id="line-53"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-54"></span><p class="line867"> <h3 id="sources.list_format">sources.list format</h3> <span class="anchor" id="line-55"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-56"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-57"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-58"></span><div class="debian"><span class="anchor" id="line-1-1"></span><p class="line867"><strong><a class="https" href="https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02#_debian_archive_basics">Debian Reference Manual - 2.1.4. Debian archive basics</a></strong> </div><span class="anchor" id="line-59"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-60"></span><p class="line874">The entries in this file normally follow this format: <span class="anchor" id="line-61"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-62"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-63"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-64"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-65"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1"></span>deb https://site.example.com/debian distribution component1 component2 component3 <span class="anchor" id="line-2"></span>deb-src https://site.example.com/debian distribution component1 component2 component3</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-66"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-67"></span><p class="line867"> <h4 id="Archive_type">Archive type</h4> <span class="anchor" id="line-68"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-69"></span><p class="line862">The first word on each line, <strong>deb</strong> or <strong>deb-src</strong>, indicates the type of archive. <strong>Deb</strong> indicates that the archive contains binary packages (<a href="/deb">deb</a>), the pre-compiled packages that we normally use. <strong>Deb-src</strong> indicates <a href="/SourcePackage">source packages</a>, which are the original program <a href="/source">sources</a> plus the Debian control file (.<a href="/dsc">dsc</a>) and the diff.gz containing the changes needed for packaging the program. <span class="anchor" id="line-70"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-71"></span><p class="line867"> <h4 id="Repository_URL">Repository URL</h4> <span class="anchor" id="line-72"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-73"></span><p class="line862">The next entry on the line is a URL to the <a href="/DebianRepository">repository</a> that you want to download the packages from. The main list of Debian repository mirrors is located <a class="https" href="https://www.debian.org/mirror/list">here</a>. <span class="anchor" id="line-74"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-75"></span><p class="line867"> <h4 id="Distribution">Distribution</h4> <span class="anchor" id="line-76"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-77"></span><p class="line862">The 'distribution' can be either the release code name / alias ( <a href="/DebianStretch">stretch</a>, <a href="/DebianBuster">buster</a>, <a href="/DebianBullseye">bullseye</a>, <a href="/DebianBookworm">bookworm</a>, <a href="/DebianSid">sid</a>) or the release class (<a href="/DebianOldOldStable">oldoldstable</a>, <a href="/DebianOldStable">oldstable</a>, <a href="/DebianStable">stable</a>, <a href="/DebianTesting">testing</a>, <a href="/DebianUnstable">unstable</a>) respectively. If you mean to be tracking a release class then use the class name, if you want to track a Debian point release, use the code name. Avoid using <a href="/DebianStable">stable</a> in your sources.list as that results in nasty surprises and broken systems when the next release is made; upgrading to a new release should be a deliberate, careful action and editing a file once every two years is not a burden. <span class="anchor" id="line-78"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-79"></span><p class="line862">For example, if you always want to help test the testing release, use 'testing'. If you are tracking trixie and want to stay with it from testing to end of life, use 'trixie'. <span class="anchor" id="line-80"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-81"></span><p class="line867"> <h4 id="Component">Component</h4> <span class="anchor" id="line-82"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-83"></span><p class="line867"><a class="https" href="https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-main">main</a> consists of <a class="https" href="https://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines">DFSG</a>-compliant packages, which do not rely on software outside this area to operate. These are the only packages considered part of the Debian distribution. <span class="anchor" id="line-84"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-85"></span><p class="line867"><a class="https" href="https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-contrib">contrib</a> packages contain DFSG-compliant software, but have dependencies not in main (possibly packaged for Debian in non-free). <span class="anchor" id="line-86"></span>Note: In this component, the package contents after installation may be considered non-free and with a non-free license, but the package contents in the distribution repository would be DFSG compliant and, as mentioned, may get dependency contained in non-free. <span class="anchor" id="line-87"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-88"></span><p class="line867"><a class="https" href="https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-non-free">non-free</a> contains software that does not comply with the DFSG. <span class="anchor" id="line-89"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-90"></span><p class="line867"><a class="https" href="https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#the-non-free-firmware-archive-area">non-free-firmware</a> provides firmware that is needed by some hardware, but does not comply with the DFSG. <span class="anchor" id="line-91"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-92"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-93"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-94"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-95"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-96"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-97"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-98"></span><div class="important"><span class="anchor" id="line-1-2"></span><p class="line862">The Debian project has <a class="https" href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2022/10/msg00001.html">taken the decision</a> in 2022-10 to create a new repository component <tt class="backtick">non-free-firmware</tt>, and include its content on installation media for the Debian <em>bookworm</em> to make things easier for our users. <span class="anchor" id="line-2-1"></span><br> <span class="anchor" id="line-3-1"></span>And if you choose to get more information, feel free to follow the <a class="https" href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2022/10/msg00020.html">firmware GR result - what happens next?</a>. <span class="anchor" id="line-4-1"></span><br> <span class="anchor" id="line-5-1"></span>The Debian wiki has a page about <a href="/Firmware">firmware</a> for older releases, bookworm and later. </div><span class="anchor" id="line-99"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-100"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-101"></span><p class="line867"> <h3 id="Example_sources.list">Example sources.list</h3> <span class="anchor" id="line-102"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-103"></span><p class="line862">Below is an example of a <tt class="backtick">sources.list</tt> for Debian 12/Bookworm (stable) released 10th June 2023. <span class="anchor" id="line-104"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-105"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-106"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-107"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-108"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-109"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-110"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-111"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-112"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-113"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-114"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-1"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-2-1"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-3"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-4"></span>deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-5"></span>deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-6"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-7"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-8"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-115"></span><p class="line862">The equivalent entry in deb822 style under <tt class="backtick">/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources</tt> looks like this: <span class="anchor" id="line-116"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-117"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-118"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-119"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-120"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-121"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-122"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-123"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-124"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-125"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-126"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-127"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-128"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-129"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-130"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-2"></span>Types: deb deb-src <span class="anchor" id="line-2-2"></span>URIs: https://deb.debian.org/debian <span class="anchor" id="line-3-1"></span>Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates <span class="anchor" id="line-4-1"></span>Components: main non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-5-1"></span>Enabled: yes <span class="anchor" id="line-6-1"></span>Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg <span class="anchor" id="line-7-1"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-8-1"></span>Types: deb deb-src <span class="anchor" id="line-9"></span>URIs: https://security.debian.org/debian-security <span class="anchor" id="line-10"></span>Suites: bookworm-security <span class="anchor" id="line-11"></span>Components: main non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-12"></span>Enabled: yes <span class="anchor" id="line-13"></span>Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-131"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-132"></span><p class="line862">If you need the contrib, non-free and non-free-firmware components, add <tt class="backtick">contrib non-free non-free-firmware</tt> after <tt class="backtick">main</tt>. For example, for Debian 12/Bookworm: <span class="anchor" id="line-133"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-134"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-135"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-136"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-137"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-138"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-139"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-140"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-141"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-142"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-143"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-3"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-2-3"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-3-2"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-4-2"></span>deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-5-2"></span>deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-6-2"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-7-2"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-8-2"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-144"></span><p class="line862">The equivalent entry in deb822 style including the <tt class="backtick">non-free</tt> and <tt class="backtick">non-free-firmware</tt> components: <span class="anchor" id="line-145"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-146"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-147"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-148"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-149"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-150"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-151"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-152"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-153"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-154"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-155"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-156"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-157"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-158"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-159"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-4"></span>Types: deb deb-src <span class="anchor" id="line-2-4"></span>URIs: https://deb.debian.org/debian <span class="anchor" id="line-3-3"></span>Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates <span class="anchor" id="line-4-3"></span>Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-5-3"></span>Enabled: yes <span class="anchor" id="line-6-3"></span>Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg <span class="anchor" id="line-7-3"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-8-3"></span>Types: deb deb-src <span class="anchor" id="line-9-1"></span>URIs: https://security.debian.org/debian-security <span class="anchor" id="line-10-1"></span>Suites: bookworm-security <span class="anchor" id="line-11-1"></span>Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-12-1"></span>Enabled: yes <span class="anchor" id="line-13-1"></span>Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-160"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-161"></span><p class="line862">If you need the <a href="/Backports">Backports</a>, contrib, and non-free components, add <strong>bookworm-backports</strong> lines. For example, for Debian 12/Bookworm: <span class="anchor" id="line-162"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-163"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-164"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-165"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-166"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-5"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-2-5"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-167"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-168"></span><p class="line862">The equivalent entry in deb822 style including the <tt class="backtick">non-free non-free-firmware</tt> and <tt class="backtick">bookworm-backports</tt> component: <span class="anchor" id="line-169"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-170"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-171"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-172"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-173"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-174"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-175"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-176"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-177"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-178"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-179"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-180"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-181"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-182"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-183"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-6"></span>Types: deb deb-src <span class="anchor" id="line-2-6"></span>URIs: https://deb.debian.org/debian <span class="anchor" id="line-3-4"></span>Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates bookworm-backports <span class="anchor" id="line-4-4"></span>Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-5-4"></span>Enabled: yes <span class="anchor" id="line-6-4"></span>Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg <span class="anchor" id="line-7-4"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-8-4"></span>Types: deb deb-src <span class="anchor" id="line-9-2"></span>URIs: https://security.debian.org/debian-security <span class="anchor" id="line-10-2"></span>Suites: bookworm-security <span class="anchor" id="line-11-2"></span>Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-12-2"></span>Enabled: yes <span class="anchor" id="line-13-2"></span>Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-184"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-185"></span><p class="line862">Below is an example of a <tt class="backtick">sources.list</tt> for Debian 11/Bullseye (oldstable). <span class="anchor" id="line-186"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-187"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-188"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-189"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-190"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-191"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-192"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-193"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-194"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-195"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-196"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-7"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main <span class="anchor" id="line-2-7"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main <span class="anchor" id="line-3-5"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-4-5"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main <span class="anchor" id="line-5-5"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main <span class="anchor" id="line-6-5"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-7-5"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main <span class="anchor" id="line-8-5"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-197"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-198"></span><p class="line862">If you need the contrib and non-free components, add <strong>contrib non-free</strong> after <strong>main</strong>. For example, for Debian 11/Bullseye: <span class="anchor" id="line-199"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-200"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-201"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-202"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-203"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-204"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-205"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-206"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-207"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-208"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-209"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-8"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free <span class="anchor" id="line-2-8"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free <span class="anchor" id="line-3-6"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-4-6"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free <span class="anchor" id="line-5-6"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free <span class="anchor" id="line-6-6"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-7-6"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free <span class="anchor" id="line-8-6"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-210"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-211"></span><p class="line862">If you need the <a href="/Backports">Backports</a>, contrib, and non-free components, add <strong>bullseye-backports</strong> lines. For example, for Debian 11/Bullseye: <span class="anchor" id="line-212"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-213"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-214"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-215"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-216"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-9"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free <span class="anchor" id="line-2-9"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-217"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-218"></span><p class="line867"><a href="/DebianReleases">Questions about the support cycle? Click here</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-219"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-220"></span><p class="line867"> <h3 id="Unstable">Unstable</h3> <span class="anchor" id="line-221"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-222"></span><p class="line862">If you need the <a href="/DebianUnstable">Debian Unstable</a>, then change the distribution to <strong>unstable</strong>. Note that Updates and Security is not used since Unstable is a rolling development version consisting of the latest packages. That is, <strong>unstable main</strong> will be the only entry in <tt class="backtick">sources.list</tt>. <span class="anchor" id="line-223"></span><br> <span class="anchor" id="line-224"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-225"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-226"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-227"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-228"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-229"></span><div class="important"><span class="anchor" id="line-1-3"></span><p class="line867"><strong>New upgrades to unstable should follow the new deb822 format as per apt guidelines moving forward !</strong> <span class="anchor" id="line-2-2"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-3-2"></span><p class="line862">See the <a class="interwiki" href="https://manpages.debian.org/man/deb822.5" title="DebianMan">deb822 manual page</a> for more info. </div><span class="anchor" id="line-230"></span><p class="line867"><br> <span class="anchor" id="line-231"></span><a href="/DebianUnstable">Debian Unstable</a> sources in the new (preferred) deb822 format (containing both contrib and non-free, non-free-firmware): <span class="anchor" id="line-232"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-233"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-234"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-235"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-236"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-237"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-238"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-10"></span>URIs: https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ <span class="anchor" id="line-2-10"></span>Suites: sid <span class="anchor" id="line-3-7"></span>Components: contrib main non-free non-free-firmware <span class="anchor" id="line-4-7"></span>Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-239"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-240"></span><p class="line874">Old sources.list approach: <span class="anchor" id="line-241"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-242"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-243"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-244"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-11"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ unstable main <span class="anchor" id="line-2-11"></span>deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ unstable main</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-245"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-246"></span><p class="line862">Old sources.list can be modernized by running <strong>apt modernize-sources</strong> with no parameters. <span class="anchor" id="line-247"></span><br> <span class="anchor" id="line-248"></span>This does not result in old lists becoming lost, they're just moved to a sources.list.bak file which disables them. <span class="anchor" id="line-249"></span><br> <span class="anchor" id="line-250"></span>You can use a <a class="interwiki" href="https://packages.debian.org/software-properties-gtk" title="DebianPkg">GNOME tool</a> to edit your <tt>sources.list</tt> file. Access it through Menu → System → Administration → Software Sources. <span class="anchor" id="line-251"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-252"></span><p class="line867"> <h2 id="Using_Tor_with_Apt">Using Tor with Apt</h2> <span class="anchor" id="line-253"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-254"></span><p class="line862">Apt can retrieve and download updates through <a class="https" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)">Tor</a>. For this to work you need to install the <a class="interwiki" href="https://packages.debian.org/tor" title="DebianPkg">tor</a> and <a class="interwiki" href="https://packages.debian.org/apt-transport-tor" title="DebianPkg">apt-transport-tor</a> packages. You can then use the official <a class="https" href="https://onion.debian.org/">onion services</a> provided by Debian. <span class="anchor" id="line-255"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-256"></span><p class="line862">Here is an example <tt>sources.list</tt> using the onion services for Debian 11/Bullseye: <span class="anchor" id="line-257"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-258"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-259"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-260"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-261"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-262"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-263"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-264"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-265"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-266"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-267"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-268"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-12"></span>deb tor+http://2s4yqjx5ul6okpp3f2gaunr2syex5jgbfpfvhxxbbjwnrsvbk5v3qbid.onion/debian bullseye main <span class="anchor" id="line-2-12"></span>deb-src tor+http://2s4yqjx5ul6okpp3f2gaunr2syex5jgbfpfvhxxbbjwnrsvbk5v3qbid.onion/debian bullseye main <span class="anchor" id="line-3-8"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-4-8"></span>deb tor+http://5ajw6aqf3ep7sijnscdzw77t7xq4xjpsy335yb2wiwgouo7yfxtjlmid.onion/ <span class="anchor" id="line-5-7"></span>debian-security bullseye-security main <span class="anchor" id="line-6-7"></span>deb-src tor+http://5ajw6aqf3ep7sijnscdzw77t7xq4xjpsy335yb2wiwgouo7yfxtjlmid.onion/ <span class="anchor" id="line-7-7"></span>debian-security bullseye-security main <span class="anchor" id="line-8-7"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-9-3"></span>deb tor+http://2s4yqjx5ul6okpp3f2gaunr2syex5jgbfpfvhxxbbjwnrsvbk5v3qbid.onion/debian bullseye-updates main <span class="anchor" id="line-10-3"></span>deb-src tor+http://2s4yqjx5ul6okpp3f2gaunr2syex5jgbfpfvhxxbbjwnrsvbk5v3qbid.onion/debian bullseye-updates main</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-269"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-270"></span><p class="line867"> <h2 id="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</h2> <span class="anchor" id="line-271"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-272"></span><p class="line862">If you'd rather use your CD-ROM for installing packages or updating your system automatically with APT, you can put it in your <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt>. To do so, you can use the <a class="interwiki" href="https://manpages.debian.org/man/8/apt-cdrom" title="DebianMan">apt-cdrom</a> program like this: <span class="anchor" id="line-273"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-274"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-275"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-276"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-13"></span># apt-cdrom add</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-277"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-278"></span><p class="line874">with the Debian CD-ROM in the drive. <span class="anchor" id="line-279"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-280"></span><p class="line874">You can use -d for the directory of the CD-ROM mount point or add a non-CD mount point (i.e. a USB keydrive). <span class="anchor" id="line-281"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-282"></span><p class="line867"> <h2 id="Name_Resolution">Name Resolution</h2> <span class="anchor" id="line-283"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-284"></span><p class="line874">On occasion name resolution can break. <span class="anchor" id="line-285"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-286"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-287"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-288"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-289"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-290"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-291"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-292"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-293"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-294"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-295"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-296"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-297"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-298"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-299"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-300"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-301"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-14"></span># apt update <span class="anchor" id="line-2-13"></span>0% [Working]Unsupported socketcall: 20 <span class="anchor" id="line-3-9"></span>Unsupported socketcall: 20 <span class="anchor" id="line-4-9"></span>Unsupported socketcall: 20 <span class="anchor" id="line-5-8"></span>Unsupported socketcall: 20 <span class="anchor" id="line-6-8"></span>Unsupported socketcall: 20 <span class="anchor" id="line-7-8"></span>Unsupported socketcall: 20 <span class="anchor" id="line-8-8"></span>Unsupported socketcall: 20 <span class="anchor" id="line-9-4"></span>Unsupported socketcall: 20 <span class="anchor" id="line-10-4"></span>Err:1 https://deb.debian.org/debian testing InRelease <span class="anchor" id="line-11-3"></span> Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org' <span class="anchor" id="line-12-3"></span>Reading package lists... Done <span class="anchor" id="line-13-3"></span>W: Failed to fetch https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org' <span class="anchor" id="line-14"></span>W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-302"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-303"></span><p class="line874">You can temporarily work around it by obtaining the IP address from another machine, and then using the IP address rather than the URI: <span class="anchor" id="line-304"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-305"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-306"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-307"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-308"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-309"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-310"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-311"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-312"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-313"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-314"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-15"></span>echo "deb https://128.30.2.26/debian testing main" > /etc/apt/sources.list <span class="anchor" id="line-2-14"></span> <span class="anchor" id="line-3-10"></span>apt update <span class="anchor" id="line-4-10"></span>Get:1 https://128.30.2.26/debian testing InRelease [232 kB] <span class="anchor" id="line-5-9"></span>Get:2 https://128.30.2.26/debian testing/main s390x Packages [7583 kB] <span class="anchor" id="line-6-9"></span>Get:3 https://128.30.2.26/debian testing/main Translation-en [5134 kB] <span class="anchor" id="line-7-9"></span>Fetched 13.0 MB in 32s (403 kB/s) <span class="anchor" id="line-8-9"></span>Reading package lists... Done</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-315"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-316"></span><p class="line867"> <h2 id="Debug_Symbol_Packages">Debug Symbol Packages</h2> <span class="anchor" id="line-317"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-318"></span><p class="line862">To debug a crash you often need the related debug symbol files. For most Debian packages these are in <a href="/AutomaticDebugPackages">dbgsym packages</a>. These are available from a separate archive. <span class="anchor" id="line-319"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-320"></span><p class="line862">Here is an example entry for your <tt>sources.list</tt> for Debian 12/Bookworm dbgsym packages: <span class="anchor" id="line-321"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-322"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-323"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-324"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-16"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian-debug/ bookworm-debug main</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-325"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-326"></span><p class="line874">And an example for Debian 11/Bullseye: <span class="anchor" id="line-327"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-328"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-329"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-330"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-17"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian-debug/ bullseye-debug main</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-331"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-332"></span><p class="line874">The same if you running testing: <span class="anchor" id="line-333"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-334"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-335"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-336"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-18"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian-debug/ testing-debug main</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-337"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-338"></span><p class="line874">And one more example if you are using the unstable distribution: <span class="anchor" id="line-339"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-340"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-341"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-342"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-19"></span>deb https://deb.debian.org/debian-debug/ unstable-debug main</pre><span class="anchor" id="line-343"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-344"></span><p class="line867"> <h2 id="More_information">More information</h2> <span class="anchor" id="line-345"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-346"></span><ul><li><p class="line862">A list of <a href="/UnofficialRepositories">UnofficialRepositories</a> to get extra software ( Skype, Opera, Google ) <span class="anchor" id="line-347"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a class="https" href="https://deb.debian.org/">About deb.debian.org, a service that aims to solve the problem of choosing a Debian mirror.</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-348"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a class="https" href="https://www.debianadmin.com/adding-source-lists-using-apt-setup.html">Adding source lists, including cds, using apt-setup</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-349"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a class="https" href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianPackageManagement">APT HOWTO</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-350"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/AptCLI">AptCLI</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-351"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/AptPreferences">AptPreferences</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-352"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/Backports">Backports</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-353"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a class="https" href="https://www.debian.org/CD/">Debian on CDs</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-354"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a href="/DebianRepository/UseThirdParty">DebianRepository/UseThirdParty</a> - Instructions to use to a third-party repository <span class="anchor" id="line-355"></span></li><li><p class="line891"><a class="interwiki" href="https://manpages.debian.org/man/5/sources.list" title="DebianMan">sources.list(5)</a> manual page <span class="anchor" id="line-356"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-357"></span></li></ul><p class="line867"><hr /><p class="line874"> <span class="anchor" id="line-358"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-359"></span><p class="line867"><a href="/CategoryPackageManagement">CategoryPackageManagement</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-360"></span><span class="anchor" id="bottom"></span></div><div id="pagebottom"></div> </div> <div id="footer"> <p id="pageinfo" class="info" lang="en" dir="ltr">SourcesList (<a class="nbinfo" href="/SourcesList?action=info" rel="nofollow">last modified 2025-03-02 15:59:47</a>)</p> <ul id="credits"> <li>Debian <a href="https://www.debian.org/legal/privacy">privacy policy</a>, Wiki <a href="/Teams/DebianWiki">team</a>, <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/wiki.debian.org">bugs</a> and <a href="https://salsa.debian.org/debian/wiki.debian.org">config</a>.</li><li>Powered by <a href="https://moinmo.in/" title="This site uses the MoinMoin Wiki software.">MoinMoin</a> and <a href="https://moinmo.in/Python" title="MoinMoin is written in Python.">Python</a>, with hosting provided by <a href="https://www.man-da.de/">Metropolitan Area Network Darmstadt</a>.</li> </ul> </div> </body> </html>