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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Release of 21,075 emails associated with the French presidential campaign of Emmanuel Macron</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Posters_Evian-les-Bains_210417.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Posters_Evian-les-Bains_210417.jpg/220px-Posters_Evian-les-Bains_210417.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Posters_Evian-les-Bains_210417.jpg/330px-Posters_Evian-les-Bains_210417.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Posters_Evian-les-Bains_210417.jpg/440px-Posters_Evian-les-Bains_210417.jpg 2x" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="671" /></a></span></td> <td style="background:#001E96; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;"><span style="font-size:88%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></span><br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron"><span style="color:#FFF;">Emmanuel Macron</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><b>Political career</b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron#President_of_France" title="Emmanuel Macron">President</a> (2017–present)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron#Minister_of_Economy_and_Industry" title="Emmanuel Macron">Minister of Economy and Industry</a> (2014–2016)<br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">Renaissance</a></i> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Presidency of Emmanuel Macron">Presidency</a></b><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Political positions of Emmanuel Macron">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Protests against Emmanuel Macron">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests" title="Yellow vests protests">Yellow vests protests</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pension strikes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_French_pension_reform_strike" title="2019–2020 French pension reform strike">2019-2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_French_pension_reform_strikes" title="2023 French pension reform strikes">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benalla_affair" title="Benalla affair">Benalla affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_Treaty" title="Aachen Treaty">Aachen Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_G7_summit" title="45th G7 summit">45th G7 summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">Vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Treaty" title="Quirinal Treaty">Quirinal Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Emmanuel_Macron_presidency" title="Opinion polling on the Emmanuel Macron presidency">Opinion polling</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Trips <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Emmanuel_Macron" title="List of presidential trips made by Emmanuel Macron">Domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Emmanuel_Macron" title="List of international presidential trips made by Emmanuel Macron">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_France%E2%80%93China_Summit" title="2023 France–China Summit">2023 China visit</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Elections</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">email leaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Family</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Macron" title="Brigitte Macron">Brigitte Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemo_(dog)" title="Nemo (dog)">Nemo (dog)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/50px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/75px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/100px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a></span><br /> </p> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Emmanuel_Macron" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Emmanuel Macron"><b>Media gallery</b></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Emmanuel_Macron_sidebar" title="Template:Emmanuel Macron sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Emmanuel_Macron_sidebar" title="Template talk:Emmanuel Macron sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Emmanuel_Macron_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Emmanuel Macron sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Two days before the final vote in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 French presidential elections</a>, more than 20,000 <a href="/wiki/E-mails" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mails">e-mails</a> related to the campaign of <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> were published on the internet. The leaks, dubbed <b>MacronLeaks</b>, garnered an abundance of media attention due to how quickly news of the leak spread throughout the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, aided in large part by <a href="/wiki/Internet_bots" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet bots">bots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spamming" title="Spamming">spammers</a><sup id="cite_ref-CNBC_2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNBC_2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and drew accusations that the government of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> under <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> was responsible. The e-mails were shared by <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> and several American <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> activists<sup id="cite_ref-Scottz_2017_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottz_2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through social media sites like <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brandom_2017_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brandom_2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally posted on a filesharing site called <a href="/wiki/Pastebin.com" title="Pastebin.com">PasteBin</a>, the e-mails had little to no effect on the final vote as they were dumped just hours before a 44-hour <a href="/wiki/Media_blackout" title="Media blackout">media blackout</a> that is legally required by French electoral law.<sup id="cite_ref-Almasy_2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almasy_2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The campaign said the e-mails had been "fraudulently obtained" and that false documents were mingled with genuine ones in order "to create confusion and misinformation."<sup id="cite_ref-Press_2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press_2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Library_2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Library_2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerama, an online publication focusing on digital life, described the leaked material as "utterly mundane", consisting of "the contents of a <a href="/wiki/Hard_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard drive">hard drive</a> and several emails of co-workers and <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">En Marche</a> political officials."<sup id="cite_ref-D_dies_in_D_2017_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D_dies_in_D_2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> cited the e-mail leak as a reinforcement of the cause behind the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee">U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee</a>'s investigation into <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a>. Nonetheless, the Russian government denied all allegations of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_electoral_intervention" title="Foreign electoral intervention">foreign electoral intervention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_2017_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_2017-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_(2017-03-24)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_01.jpg/150px-Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_01.jpg/225px-Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_01.jpg/300px-Marine_Le_Pen_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282017-03-24%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Marine Le Pen with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>After the first round of the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 French presidential election</a> produced no majority winner, the top two candidates proceeded to a <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff election</a> to be held on 7 May of that year. <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> of the <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">En Marche!</a> party and <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a> both began campaigning across <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> on their competing points of view.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke_Holder_2015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke_Holder_2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The election was characterized by widespread dissatisfaction with the administration of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">President François Hollande</a> and the French governmental establishment as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-Beauchamp_2017_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beauchamp_2017-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The election was widely regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">internationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrism</a> of Macron and the <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a> <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> ideology of Le Pen. After a slew of events considered to be detrimental to <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> and a triumph of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">isolationism</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Brexit_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit referendum">Brexit referendum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">election of Donald Trump</a>, many international observers viewed the French election as another possible trendsetting event for <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> politics.<sup id="cite_ref-Horobin_Kostov_2017_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horobin_Kostov_2017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le Pen's <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">anti-immigration</a>, anti-<a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">anti-European Union</a> stances attracted her the widespread support of far-right politicians and activists as far as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, and raised questions about possible <a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">appeasement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DW.COM_2017_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DW.COM_2017-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Russia-funded media outlets such as <a href="/wiki/Russia_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia Today">Russia Today</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik News">Sputnik News</a> consistently portrayed Le Pen in a positive light</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (November 2019)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (November 2019)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup>, and her campaign had even secured millions of <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euros</a> from a Russian lender in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferris-Rotman_2017_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferris-Rotman_2017-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, Le Pen was praised by President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> on several occasions,<sup id="cite_ref-Quigley_2017_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quigley_2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obeidallah_2017_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obeidallah_2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she saw widespread support and praise by large numbers of online conservative <a href="/wiki/Internet_trolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet trolls">trolls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> activists on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> platforms like <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, who simultaneously attacked Macron.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott_2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These trolls used spamming of <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet memes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a> as tactics to assail Macron; accusing him of being a "<a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">globalist</a> puppet" and a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was not a new strategy, it had been executed to much success during the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>. Legions of pro-Trump Internet users and bots had spammed social media and rapidly spread anti-Clinton news releases and leaks across the web as was the case with the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Committee_email_leak" title="2016 Democratic National Committee email leak">Democratic National Committee leaks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Podesta_emails" title="Podesta emails">John Podesta e-mail leaks</a>, allegedly with aid from the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Kremlin">Kremlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Washington_Post_2017_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post_2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Daily_Beast_2017_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Beast_2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shane_2017_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shane_2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the election, American national security officials warned the French government of the high probability of Russian digital meddling in the election, according to the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_National_Security_Agency" title="Director of the National Security Agency">Director of the National Security Agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Rogers" title="Michael S. Rogers">Mike Rogers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Matishak_2017_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matishak_2017-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="E-mail_leaks">E-mail leaks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: E-mail leaks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Friday 5 May 2017, two days before the scheduled vote in the presidential election, the campaign of <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> claimed that it had been the target of a "massive hack". At the same time at least 9 <a href="/wiki/Gigabytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabytes">gigabytes</a> of data were dumped on an anonymous file sharing site called <a href="/wiki/Pastebin" title="Pastebin">Pastebin</a> using a profile called 'EMLEAKS'.<sup id="cite_ref-EMLEAKS_2017_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMLEAKS_2017-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drop was made just hours before an <a href="/wiki/Election_silence" title="Election silence">election media blackout</a> was due to take place in advance of Sunday's elections, as legally mandated under French electoral law which prevented Macron from issuing an effective response but also limited media coverage of the hack and subsequent leak.<sup id="cite_ref-EMLEAKS_2017_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMLEAKS_2017-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-France_24_2017_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France_24_2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The e-mails, totaling 21,075, along with other data was quickly posted to the anonymous message board, <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, where it was shared by <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> activists, notably <a href="/wiki/Jack_Posobiec" title="Jack Posobiec">Jack Posobiec</a>, on Twitter <sup id="cite_ref-The_New_Yorker_2017_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_Yorker_2017-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had them translated by the Québécois wing of right-wing outlet <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rebel_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rebel Media">The Rebel Media</a></i>. It has been remarked that at that time, Rebel Media's Québécois wing consisted solely of radio personality <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Duhaime" title="Éric Duhaime">Éric Duhaime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The e-mail leak spread swiftly under the <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a> #MacronLeaks on Twitter and Facebook. Within three and a half hours of first being used, #MacronLeaks had reached 47,000 tweets. On Jack Posobiec's <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, the hashtag was retweeted 87 times within five minutes, likely pointing to the use of bots. <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> mentioned the leaks in subsequent tweets 15 times, contributing the most to the news' spread. Within a short period of time, #MacronLeaks was trending in France and was on a banner on the <a href="/wiki/Drudge_Report" title="Drudge Report">Drudge Report</a> homepage. In another sign of bot use the ten most active accounts using the #MacronLeaks hashtag posted over 1,300 tweets in just over three hours. One particular account, posted 294 tweets in a span of two hours. Analysis shows that the hashtag was mentioned more times by American accounts than French ones, but posts concerning them were, by a slim margin, written more often in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> than <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-@DFRLab_2017_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-@DFRLab_2017-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_New_Yorker_2017_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_Yorker_2017-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The leaked e-mails were claimed to show evidence of criminal wrongdoing by Macron and his campaign including the committing of <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Election_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Election fraud">election fraud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WIRED_2017_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIRED_2017-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A less suggestive examination of the e-mails by <a href="/wiki/Numerama" title="Numerama">Numerama</a>, a French online publication focusing on technological news, described the leaked emails as "utterly mundane", consisting of "the contents of a hard drive and several emails of co-workers and En Marche political officials." Leaked documents included "memos, bills, loans for amounts that are hardly over-the-top, recommendations and other reservations, amidst, of course, exchanges that are strictly personal and private — personal notes on the rain and sunshine, a confirmation email for the publishing of a book, reservation of a table for friends, etc."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaction">Reaction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In response to the attack, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> said it was "democratic <a href="/wiki/Destabilisation" title="Destabilisation">destabilisation</a>, like that seen during the last presidential campaign in the United States" and said the hackers had mixed falsified documents with genuine ones, "in order to sow doubt and <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-AFP_2018_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFP_2018-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vice President of the National Front <a href="/wiki/Florian_Philippot" title="Florian Philippot">Florian Philippot</a> and Le Pen adviser said in a tweet, "Will <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">#</a>MacronLeaks teach us something that <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">investigative journalism</a> has deliberately killed?"<sup id="cite_ref-Trending_2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trending_2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French election commission warned media in the country that publishing the e-mails or discussing them so close to the election would be a violation of the law and issued a statement that in part read, "On the eve of the most important election for our institutions, the commission calls on everyone present on internet sites and <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social networks</a>, primarily the media, but also all citizens, to show responsibility and not to pass on this content, so as not to distort the sincerity of the <a href="/wiki/Ballot" title="Ballot">ballot</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Savransky_2017_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savransky_2017-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leak did not appear to have any impact on the French presidential election which continued as scheduled and ended with a Macron victory by a margin of 32%.<sup id="cite_ref-Chrisafis_2017_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chrisafis_2017-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, French security officials commenced an investigation into the hacking shortly after the election.<sup id="cite_ref-CYBERDETECTIVE_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CYBERDETECTIVE-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after the alt-right media boosted the leak, chief of Macron's campaign <a href="/wiki/Mounir_Mahjoubi" title="Mounir Mahjoubi">Mounir Mahjoubi</a> stated that they have been watching GRU hacking attempts since February, and let them steal a carefully prepared cache of trivial and forged documents. After this was confirmed against the leaks contents, its credibility was seriously undermined.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, U.S. Senator from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> and ranking member of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Intelligence Committee">Senate Intelligence Committee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> said the hacking and subsequent leak only emboldened his committee's investigation, and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> and Democratic presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> said in a tweet, "Victory for Macron, for France, the EU, & the world. Defeat to those interfering w/democracy. (But the media says I can't talk about that)."<sup id="cite_ref-Twitter_2018_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twitter_2018-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perpetrators">Perpetrators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Perpetrators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:APT28_APT29_Techniques_-_Malware.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/APT28_APT29_Techniques_-_Malware.png/225px-APT28_APT29_Techniques_-_Malware.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/APT28_APT29_Techniques_-_Malware.png/338px-APT28_APT29_Techniques_-_Malware.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/APT28_APT29_Techniques_-_Malware.png/450px-APT28_APT29_Techniques_-_Malware.png 2x" data-file-width="1431" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>Diagram illustrating how <a href="/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear">Fancy Bear</a> illicitly obtains access to private servers.</figcaption></figure> <p>An assessment by Flashpoint, an American <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">cybersecurity</a> firm, stated that they determined with "moderate confidence" that the group behind the hacking and leak was <a href="/wiki/APT28" class="mw-redirect" title="APT28">APT28</a>, better known as 'Fancy Bear', a hacking group with ties to <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">Russian military intelligence</a>. Metadata pulled from the dump revealed the name 'Georgy Petrovich Roshka', likely an alias, which has ties to a Moscow-based intelligence contractor. Many similarities, including the use of social media bots in an attempt to scrub metadata, also pointed to Fancy Bear.<sup id="cite_ref-Cyberscoop_2017_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyberscoop_2017-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on 1 June 2017, Guillaume Poupard, the head of France's premier cybersecurity agency said in an interview with the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> the hack, "was so generic and simple that it could have been practically anyone".<sup id="cite_ref-AP_News_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP_News-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 May, two days after the election, <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Rogers" title="Michael S. Rogers">Mike Rogers</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a>, said in sworn testimony with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> he had been made aware of Russian attempts to hack French election infrastructure,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though he did not mention anything related to the identities of those behind the Macron email hacking. This followed a French announcement that electronic voting for France's overseas citizens would be discontinued in light of cybersecurity threats.<sup id="cite_ref-Editorial_2017_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Editorial_2017-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> newspaper and with the work based on non-public rapport of Google and FireEye, the <a href="/wiki/GRU_(G.U.)" class="mw-redirect" title="GRU (G.U.)">GRU</a> is responsible.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vladimir Putin has denied claims of election interference, claiming Russia has also been targeted.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CNBC_2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNBC_2017_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCNBC2017" class="citation web cs1">CNBC (7 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/07/macron-email-leaks-far-right-wikileaks-twitter-bots.html">"US far-right activists, WikiLeaks and Twitter bots help amplify Macron 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June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=The+Latest%3A+France+says+no+trace+of+Russian+hacking+Macron&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2Ffc570e4b400f4c7db3b0d739e9dc5d4d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Macron+e-mail+leaks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Testimony of Admiral Michael S. Rodgers, Commander of the U.S. Cyber Command, United States Cyber Command, Hearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee, 9 May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Editorial_2017-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Editorial_2017_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-cyber/france-drops-electronic-voting-for-citizens-abroad-over-cybersecurity-fears-idUSKBN16D233">"France drops electronic voting for citizens abroad over cybersecurity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=France+drops+electronic+voting+for+citizens+abroad+over+cybersecurity&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-election-cyber%2Ffrance-drops-electronic-voting-for-citizens-abroad-over-cybersecurity-fears-idUSKBN16D233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Macron+e-mail+leaks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmaelle_Guiton2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Amaelle Guiton (8 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/france/2019/12/08/macronleaks-de-nouveaux-elements-accreditent-la-piste-russe_1767982">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"MacronLeaks" : de nouveaux éléments accréditent la piste russe"</a>. <i>Libération</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=%22MacronLeaks%22+%3A+de+nouveaux+%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments+accr%C3%A9ditent+la+piste+russe&rft.date=2019-12-08&rft.au=Amaelle+Guiton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Ffrance%2F2019%2F12%2F08%2Fmacronleaks-de-nouveaux-elements-accreditent-la-piste-russe_1767982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Macron+e-mail+leaks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/emmanuel-macron-leaks-hack-en-marche-cyber-attack-russia-dnc-marine-le-pen-election-france-latest-a7721796.html">"Macron email leak 'linked to same Russian-backed hackers who attacked Clinton'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. 6 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/emmanuel-macron-leaks-hack-en-marche-cyber-attack-russia-dnc-marine-le-pen-election-france-latest-a7721796.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Macron+email+leak+%27linked+to+same+Russian-backed+hackers+who+attacked+Clinton%27&rft.date=2017-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Femmanuel-macron-leaks-hack-en-marche-cyber-attack-russia-dnc-marine-le-pen-election-france-latest-a7721796.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Macron+e-mail+leaks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hacking_in_the_2010s" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Template talk:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hacking_in_the_2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hacking in the 2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2000s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2000s">2000s</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;" class=""><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computer_security_hacker_history#2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of computer security hacker history">Timeline</a></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2020s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2020s">2020s</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aurora" title="Operation Aurora">Operation Aurora</a> (publication of 2009 events)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2010_Australian_cyberattacks" title="February 2010 Australian cyberattacks">Australian cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olympic_Games" title="Operation Olympic Games">Operation Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Network" title="Shadow Network">Operation ShadowNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Payback" title="Operation Payback">Operation Payback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_government_hackings" title="2011 Canadian government hackings">Canadian government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigiNotar" title="DigiNotar">DigiNotar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNSChanger" title="DNSChanger">DNSChanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBGary" title="HBGary">HBGary Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_AntiSec" title="Operation AntiSec">Operation AntiSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_PlayStation_Network_outage" title="2011 PlayStation Network outage">PlayStation network outage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSA_SecurID#March_2011_system_compromise" title="RSA SecurID">RSA SecurID compromise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_LinkedIn_hack" title="2012 LinkedIn hack">LinkedIn hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratfor_email_leak" title="Stratfor email leak">Stratfor email leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_High_Roller" title="Operation High Roller">Operation High Roller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">South Korea cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapchat#December_2013_hack" title="Snapchat">Snapchat hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25_cyber_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="June 25 cyber terror">Cyberterrorism attack of June 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_data_breaches#August_2013:_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! data breaches">2013 Yahoo! data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Singapore_cyberattacks" title="2013 Singapore cyberattacks">Singapore cyberattacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_medical_data_breach" title="Anthem medical data breach">Anthem medical data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tovar" title="Operation Tovar">Operation Tovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_celebrity_nude_photo_leak" title="2014 celebrity nude photo leak">2014 celebrity nude photo leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_JPMorgan_Chase_data_breach" title="2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach">2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Sony_Pictures_hack" title="2014 Sony Pictures hack">2014 Sony Pictures hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_hacker_password_theft" title="2014 Russian hacker password theft">Russian hacker password theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_data_breaches#Late_2014:_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! data breaches">2014 Yahoo! data breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management_data_breach" title="Office of Personnel Management data breach">Office of Personnel Management data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HackingTeam#2015_data_breach" title="HackingTeam">HackingTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Madison_data_breach" title="Ashley Madison data breach">Ashley Madison data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech#2015_data_breach" title="VTech">VTech data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ukraine_power_grid_hack" title="2015 Ukraine power grid hack">Ukrainian Power Grid Cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_SWIFT_banking_hack" title="2015–2016 SWIFT banking hack">SWIFT banking hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank_robbery" title="Bangladesh Bank robbery">Bangladesh Bank robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Presbyterian_Medical_Center#Ransomware" title="Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center">Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center ransomware incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_data_breach" title="Commission on Elections data breach">Commission on Elections data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks">Democratic National Committee cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_airports_hackings" title="Vietnamese airports hackings">Vietnam Airport Hacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee cyber attacks">DCCC cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Banks_data_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Indian Banks data breach">Indian Bank data breaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks">Surkov leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDoS_attacks_on_Dyn" title="DDoS attacks on Dyn">Dyn cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bitfinex_hack" title="2016 Bitfinex hack">2016 Bitfinex hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SHA1#SHAttered_–_first_public_collision" class="mw-redirect" title="SHA1">SHAttered</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2017 Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_data_breach" title="2017 Westminster data breach">Westminster data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petya_(malware_family)" title="Petya (malware family)">Petya and NotPetya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Equifax_data_breach" title="2017 Equifax data breach">Equifax data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deloitte#E-mail_hack" title="Deloitte">Deloitte breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disqus#October_2017_security_breach" title="Disqus">Disqus breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trustico#DigiCert_and_Trustico_spat,_2018" title="Trustico">Trustico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_government_ransomware_attack" title="Atlanta government ransomware attack">Atlanta cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_SingHealth_data_breach" title="2018 SingHealth data breach">SingHealth data breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_cyberattacks_on_Sri_Lanka" title="2019 cyberattacks on Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Baltimore_ransomware_attack" title="2019 Baltimore ransomware attack">Baltimore ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bulgarian_revenue_agency_hack" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Bulgarian revenue agency hack">Bulgarian revenue agency hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp_snooping_scandal" title="WhatsApp snooping scandal">WhatsApp snooping scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos_phone_hacking_incident" title="Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident">Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_associated_with_Anonymous" title="Timeline of events associated with Anonymous">associated events</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberBerkut" title="CyberBerkut">CyberBerkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Nigger_Association_of_America" title="Gay Nigger Association of America">GNAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatse_Security" title="Goatse Security">Goatse Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Squad" title="Lizard Squad">Lizard Squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzRaft" title="LulzRaft">LulzRaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzSec" title="LulzSec">LulzSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dyn_cyberattack#Perpetrators" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Dyn cyberattack">New World Hackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NullCrew" title="NullCrew">NullCrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OurMine" title="OurMine">OurMine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal_14" title="PayPal 14">PayPal 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedHack" title="RedHack">RedHack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teamp0ison" title="Teamp0ison">Teamp0ison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Overlord_(hacker_group)" title="The Dark Overlord (hacker group)"> TDO </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGNazi" title="UGNazi">UGNazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Cyber_Alliance" title="Ukrainian Cyber Alliance">Ukrainian Cyber Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_persistent_threat" title="Advanced persistent threat">Advanced<br />persistent threats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Black_Hat_Hackers" title="Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers">Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_121" title="Bureau 121">Bureau 121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charming_Kitten" title="Charming Kitten">Charming Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_Bear" title="Cozy Bear">Cozy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Basin" title="Dark Basin">Dark Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkMatter_Group" title="DarkMatter Group">DarkMatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfin_Team" title="Elfin Team">Elfin Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equation_Group" title="Equation Group">Equation Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear">Fancy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet#History" title="Stuxnet">GOSSIPGIRL</a> (confederation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacking_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacking Team">Hacking Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helix_Kitten" title="Helix Kitten">Helix Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Cyber_Army" title="Iranian Cyber Army">Iranian Cyber Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group" title="Lazarus Group">Lazarus Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group#BlueNorOff" title="Lazarus Group">BlueNorOff</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group#AndAriel" title="Lazarus Group">AndAriel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSO_Group" title="NSO Group">NSO Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Panda" title="Numbered Panda">Numbered Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61398" title="PLA Unit 61398">PLA Unit 61398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61486" title="PLA Unit 61486">PLA Unit 61486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATINUM_(cybercrime_group)" title="PLATINUM (cybercrime group)">PLATINUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranknet" title="Pranknet">Pranknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Apollo" title="Red Apollo">Red Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Kitten" title="Rocket Kitten">Rocket Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_Falcon" title="Stealth Falcon">Stealth Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Electronic_Army" title="Syrian Electronic Army">Syrian Electronic Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailored_Access_Operations" title="Tailored Access Operations">Tailored Access Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_Brokers" title="The Shadow Brokers">The Shadow Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDedic" title="XDedic">xDedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Cyber_Army" title="Yemen Cyber Army">Yemen Cyber Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hacker" title="Hacker">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Ackroyd" title="Ryan Ackroyd">Ryan Ackroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Al-Bassam" title="Mustafa Al-Bassam">Mustafa Al-Bassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer" title="Guccifer">Guccifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Gunton" title="Elliott Gunton">Elliott Gunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hammond" title="Jeremy Hammond">Jeremy Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristoffer_von_Hassel" title="Kristoffer von Hassel">Kristoffer von Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junaid_Hussain" title="Junaid Hussain">Junaid Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLT_(hacktivist)" title="MLT (hacktivist)">MLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Monsegur" title="Hector Monsegur">Sabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Seleznev" title="Roman Seleznev">Track2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiary_(hacktivist)" title="Topiary (hacktivist)">Topiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jester_(hacktivist)" title="The Jester (hacktivist)">The Jester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">vulnerabilities</a><br />publicly <a href="/wiki/Full_disclosure_(computer_security)" title="Full disclosure (computer security)">disclosed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evercookie" title="Evercookie">Evercookie</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISeeYou" title="ISeeYou">iSeeYou</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartbleed" title="Heartbleed"> Heartbleed</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)" title="Shellshock (software bug)">Shellshock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/POODLE" title="POODLE">POODLE</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootpipe" title="Rootpipe">Rootpipe</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Row_hammer" title="Row hammer">Row hammer</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signaling_System_No._7#Protocol_security_vulnerabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Signaling System No. 7">SS7 vulnerabilities</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinShock" title="WinShock">WinShock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASBUG" title="JASBUG">JASBUG</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagefright_(bug)" title="Stagefright (bug)">Stagefright</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DROWN_attack" title="DROWN attack">DROWN</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlock" title="Badlock">Badlock</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_COW" title="Dirty COW">Dirty COW</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudbleed" title="Cloudbleed">Cloudbleed</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom_Corporation#soc-wifi-vulns" title="Broadcom Corporation">Broadcom Wi-Fi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EternalBlue" title="EternalBlue">EternalBlue</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoublePulsar" title="DoublePulsar">DoublePulsar</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Active_Management_Technology#Silent_Bob_is_Silent" title="Intel Active Management Technology">Silent Bob is Silent</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRACK" title="KRACK">KRACK</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROCA_vulnerability" title="ROCA vulnerability">ROCA vulnerability</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueBorne_(security_vulnerability)" title="BlueBorne (security vulnerability)">BlueBorne</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)" title="Meltdown (security vulnerability)">Meltdown</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(security_vulnerability)" title="Spectre (security vulnerability)">Spectre</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFAIL" title="EFAIL">EFAIL</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exactis" title="Exactis">Exactis</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass" title="Speculative Store Bypass">Speculative Store Bypass</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_FP_state_restore" title="Lazy FP state restore">Lazy FP state restore</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLBleed" title="TLBleed">TLBleed</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SigSpoof" title="SigSpoof">SigSpoof</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreshadow" title="Foreshadow">Foreshadow</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access#Dragonblood_attack" title="Wi-Fi Protected Access">Dragonblood</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling" title="Microarchitectural Data Sampling">Microarchitectural Data Sampling</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueKeep" title="BlueKeep">BlueKeep</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr00k" title="Kr00k">Kr00k</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware#Bad_Rabbit" title="Ransomware">Bad Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackEnergy#BlackEnergy_2_(BE2)" title="BlackEnergy"> Black Energy 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpyEye" title="SpyEye">SpyEye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet" title="Stuxnet">Stuxnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coreflood" title="Coreflood">Coreflood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alureon" title="Alureon">Alureon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqu" title="Duqu">Duqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelihos_botnet" title="Kelihos botnet">Kelihos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metulji_botnet" title="Metulji botnet">Metulji botnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_virus" title="Stars virus">Stars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carna_botnet" title="Carna botnet">Carna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_(malware)" title="Dexter (malware)">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_MoneyPak_Ransomware" title="FBI MoneyPak Ransomware">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_(malware)" title="Flame (malware)">Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_(malware)" title="Mahdi (malware)">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_October_(malware)" title="Red October (malware)">Red October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamoon" title="Shamoon">Shamoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CryptoLocker" title="CryptoLocker">CryptoLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">DarkSeoul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brambul" title="Brambul">Brambul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackEnergy#BlackEnergy_3_(BE3)" title="BlackEnergy"> Black Energy 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbanak" title="Carbanak">Carbanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careto_(malware)" title="Careto (malware)">Careto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkHotel" title="DarkHotel">DarkHotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqu_2.0" title="Duqu 2.0">Duqu 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FinFisher" title="FinFisher">FinFisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gameover_ZeuS" title="Gameover ZeuS">Gameover ZeuS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regin_(malware)" title="Regin (malware)">Regin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dridex" title="Dridex">Dridex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Tear" title="Hidden Tear">Hidden Tear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rombertik" title="Rombertik">Rombertik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeslaCrypt" title="TeslaCrypt">TeslaCrypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitler-Ransomware" title="Hitler-Ransomware">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(ransomware)" title="Jigsaw (ransomware)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeRanger" title="KeRanger">KeRanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Necurs">Necurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEMZ" title="MEMZ">MEMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirai_(malware)" title="Mirai (malware)">Mirai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(spyware)" title="Pegasus (spyware)">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petya_and_NotPetya" class="mw-redirect" title="Petya and NotPetya">Petya and NotPetya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Agent" title="X-Agent">X-Agent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BrickerBot" title="BrickerBot">BrickerBot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Ransomware" title="Kirk Ransomware">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LogicLocker" title="LogicLocker">LogicLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensenware" title="Rensenware">Rensenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(malware)" title="Triton (malware)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xafecopy_Trojan" title="Xafecopy Trojan">XafeCopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VPNFilter" title="VPNFilter">VPNFilter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grum_botnet" title="Grum botnet">Grum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanap" title="Joanap">Joanap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetTraveler" title="NetTraveler">NetTraveler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_Computer_Club#Staatstrojaner_affair" title="Chaos Computer Club">R2D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Banker_Trojan" title="Tiny Banker Trojan">Tinba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_(malware)" title="Titanium (malware)">Titanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroAccess_botnet" title="ZeroAccess botnet">ZeroAccess botnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Template:Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks">DNC cyber attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear">Fancy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">SVR RF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_Bear" title="Cozy Bear">Cozy Bear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee cyber attacks">DCCC cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_election_leaks" title="2016 United States election leaks">Leaks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Committee_email_leak" title="2016 Democratic National Committee email leak">DNC email leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podesta_emails" title="Podesta emails">Podesta emails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCLeaks" title="DCLeaks">DCLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate conspiracy theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2016 United States presidential election">Social media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency">IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Analytica" title="Cambridge Analytica">Cambridge Analytica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news_websites_in_the_United_States" title="Fake news websites in the United States">Fake news websites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">Russia and BLM</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Timelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topical_timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Topical timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Topical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">before July 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections_(July_2016_%E2%80%93_election_day)" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (July 2016 – election day)">July 2016 – election day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_post-election_transition_following_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (January–June 2017)">Jan–Jun 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (July–December 2017)">Jul–Dec 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)">Jan–Jun 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)">Jul–Dec 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2019)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (January–June 2019)">Jan–Jun 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (July–December 2019)">Jul–Dec 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(2020%E2%80%932022)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (2020–2022)">2020–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timelines_related_to_Donald_Trump_and_Russian_interference_in_United_States_elections" title="Timelines related to Donald Trump and Russian interference in United States elections">Timelines related to Donald Trump and Russian interference in United States elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-election<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steele_dossier" title="Steele dossier">Steele dossier</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections" title="Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections">Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Dismissal of James Comey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_investigation_origins_counter-narrative" title="Russia investigation origins counter-narrative">Russia investigation origins counter-narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation" title="Durham special counsel investigation">Durham special counsel investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_teams_involved_in_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Legal teams involved in the Mueller special counsel investigation">Legal teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Criminal charges brought in the Mueller special counsel investigation">list of charges</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Flynn" title="United States v. Flynn">United States v. Flynn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trials_of_Paul_Manafort" title="Trials of Paul Manafort">Trials of Paul Manafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_report" title="Mueller report">Mueller report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">Barr letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump associates and Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia" title="Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia">Trump business projects in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_Moscow" title="Trump Tower Moscow">Trump Tower Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_meeting" title="Trump Tower meeting">Trump Tower meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Reactions to the Mueller special counsel investigation">Reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunes_memo" title="Nunes memo">Nunes memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_v._Russian_Federation" title="Democratic National Committee v. Russian Federation">DNC lawsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2018_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections">2018 interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee_report_on_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Senate Intelligence Committee report on Russian interference in the 2016 United States presidential election">Senate Intelligence Committee report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections">2020 interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulkan_files_leak" title="Vulkan files leak">Vulkan files leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_papers" title="Kremlin papers">Kremlin papers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_disinformation" title="Russian disinformation">Russian disinformation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare_by_Russia" title="Cyberwarfare by Russia">Cyberwarfare by Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_web_brigades" title="Russian web brigades">Russian web brigades</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Plot_to_Hack_America" title="The Plot to Hack America">The Plot to Hack America</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump:_The_Kremlin_Candidate%3F" title="Trump: The Kremlin Candidate?">Trump: The Kremlin Candidate?</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyberwar:_How_Russian_Hackers_and_Trolls_Helped_Elect_a_President" title="Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President">Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Roulette_(Isikoff_and_Corn_book)" title="Russian Roulette (Isikoff and Corn book)">Russian Roulette</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_Security_Committee_Russia_report" title="Intelligence and Security Committee Russia report">Intelligence and Security Committee report</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_British_politics" title="Russian interference in British politics">Russian interference in British politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_Brexit_referendum" title="Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum">2016 Brexit referendum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2017 Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_European_politics" title="Russian interference in European politics">Russian interference in European politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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