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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Harmonic minor scale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_menor_harm%C3%B2nica" title="Escala menor harmònica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escala menor harmònica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonick%C3%A1_moll" title="Harmonická moll – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Harmonická moll" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonisk_mol" title="Harmonisk mol – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harmonisk mol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de 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data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Harmonic_minor_scale" title="Special:EditPage/Harmonic minor scale">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Harmonic+minor+scale%22">"Harmonic minor scale"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Harmonic+minor+scale%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Harmonic+minor+scale%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Harmonic+minor+scale%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Harmonic+minor+scale%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Harmonic+minor+scale%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:362px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:360px;"> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Schumann_First_Symphony_harmonic_minor_example.mid"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/e/s/escdrcsnvjpsnds6x1c4etvwzrri8oa/escdrcsn.png" width="343" height="58" alt="
\relative c {
 \clef bass 
 \time 2/2
 \key g \minor
 \tempo "Allegro"
 g2 a bes4 c2 d4 es2 fis g1
}
" /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/override-midi/p/j/pj0wdla6y6e00azyv48vbbd2ap6eo5d.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/override-midi/p/j/pj0wdla6y6e00azyv48vbbd2ap6eo5d.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Theme in harmonic minor from the opening of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Schumann</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Schumann)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Schumann)">First Symphony</a> (1841)<sup id="cite_ref-Forte_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forte-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div> <p>The <b>harmonic minor scale</b> (or Aeolian ♮7 scale) is a <a href="/wiki/Scale_(music)" title="Scale (music)">musical scale</a> derived from the <a href="/wiki/Natural_minor_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural minor scale">natural minor scale</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Minor_seventh" title="Minor seventh">minor seventh</a> degree raised by one <a href="/wiki/Semitone" title="Semitone">semitone</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Major_seventh" title="Major seventh">major seventh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> creating an <a href="/wiki/Augmented_second" title="Augmented second">augmented second</a> between the sixth and seventh degrees. </p> <dl><dd><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/8/9/89yii6aauad7bti7v0oquwudss2d2qe/89yii6aa.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/8/9/89yii6aauad7bti7v0oquwudss2d2qe/89yii6aa.png" width="230" height="68" alt=" {
\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
\relative c' { 
 \clef treble \time 7/4
 a4^\markup { A harmonic minor scale } b c d e f gis a2 }
}
" /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/8/9/89yii6aauad7bti7v0oquwudss2d2qe/89yii6aa.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/8/9/89yii6aauad7bti7v0oquwudss2d2qe/89yii6aa.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div></dd></dl> <p>Thus, a harmonic minor scale is represented by the following notation: </p> <dl><dd>1, 2, <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>3, 4, 5, <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>6, 7, 8</dd></dl> <p>A harmonic minor scale can be built by lowering the 3rd and 6th degrees of the parallel major scale by one semitone. </p><p>Because of this construction, the 7th degree of the harmonic minor scale functions as a <a href="/wiki/Leading_tone" title="Leading tone">leading tone</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Tonic_(music)" title="Tonic (music)">tonic</a> because it is a <i>semitone</i> lower than the tonic, rather than a <i>whole tone</i> lower than the tonic as it is in natural minor scales. The <a href="/wiki/Interval_(music)" title="Interval (music)">intervals</a> between the notes of a harmonic minor scale follow the sequence below: </p> <dl><dd>whole, half, whole, whole, half, augmented second, half</dd></dl> <p>While it evolved primarily as a basis for chords,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the harmonic minor with its augmented second is sometimes used melodically. Instances can be found in <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a> (for example, the finale of his <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._14_(Beethoven)" title="String Quartet No. 14 (Beethoven)">String Quartet No. 14</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Schubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Schubert">Schubert</a> (for example, in the first movement of the <i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_the_Maiden_Quartet" class="mw-redirect" title="Death and the Maiden Quartet">Death and the Maiden Quartet</a></i>). In this role, it is used while descending far more often than while ascending. A familiar example of the descending scale is heard in a <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_bells" title="Ring of bells">Ring of bells</a>. A ring of twelve is sometimes augmented with a 5♯ and 6♭ to make a 10 note harmonic minor scale from bell 2 to bell 11 (for example, Worcester Cathedral).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In popular music, examples of songs in harmonic minor include <a href="/wiki/Katy_B" title="Katy B">Katy B</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Easy_Please_Me" title="Easy Please Me">Easy Please Me</a>", <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Brown" title="Bobby Brown">Bobby Brown</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/My_Prerogative" title="My Prerogative">My Prerogative</a>", and <a href="/wiki/Jazmine_Sullivan" title="Jazmine Sullivan">Jazmine Sullivan</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Bust_Your_Windows" title="Bust Your Windows">Bust Your Windows</a>". The scale also had a notable influence on heavy metal, spawning a sub-genre known as <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_metal" title="Neoclassical metal">neoclassical metal</a>, with guitarists such as <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schuldiner" title="Chuck Schuldiner">Chuck Schuldiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yngwie_Malmsteen" title="Yngwie Malmsteen">Yngwie Malmsteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Blackmore" title="Ritchie Blackmore">Ritchie Blackmore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Randy_Rhoads" title="Randy Rhoads">Randy Rhoads</a> employing it in their music.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Harmony">Harmony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonic_minor_scale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Harmony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scale is called the <i>harmonic</i> minor scale because it is a common foundation for <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmonies</a> (chords) in minor keys. Traditionally, "the main use for harmonic minor, when improvising or creating melodies, is over the V7 chord, <i>not for use over the i chord</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-Secrets_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Secrets-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in the key of A minor, the <a href="/wiki/Dominant_(music)#Triads" title="Dominant (music)">dominant (V) chord</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Triad_(music)" title="Triad (music)">triad</a> built on the 5th scale degree, E) is a <a href="/wiki/Minor_triad" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor triad">minor triad</a> in the natural minor scale. But when the seventh degree is raised from G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-natural">♮</span></span> to G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>, the triad becomes a <a href="/wiki/Major_triad" class="mw-redirect" title="Major triad">major triad</a>. "In fact, it created even more tension than the major key V7. This is because the scale not only outlines the notes of E7 [V7] but also adds new tension notes like the <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>5 [C to B] and <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>9 [F to E]."<sup id="cite_ref-Secrets_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Secrets-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chords on degrees other than V may also include the raised 7th degree, such as the <a href="/wiki/Diminished_triad" title="Diminished triad">diminished triad</a> on VII itself (vii<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><sup>o</sup></span>), which has a <a href="/wiki/Dominant_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominant function">dominant function</a>, as well as an <a href="/wiki/Augmented_triad" title="Augmented triad">augmented triad</a> on III (III<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;">+</span>), which is not found in any "natural" harmony (that is, harmony that is derived from harmonizing the seven western modes, which include "major" and "minor"). This augmented fifth chord (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>5 chord) played a part in the development of modern <a href="/wiki/Chromaticism" title="Chromaticism">chromaticism</a>. </p><p>The triads built on each scale degree follow a distinct pattern. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_numeral_analysis" title="Roman numeral analysis">roman numeral analysis</a> is shown below. </p> <dl><dd><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/t/rtg8n7h3ujdf035cqmmoibh6ail0344/rtg8n7h3.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/t/rtg8n7h3ujdf035cqmmoibh6ail0344/rtg8n7h3.png" width="340" height="73" alt=" {
\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
 \relative c' {
 \clef treble \time 7/1 \hide Staff.TimeSignature
 <a c e>1_\markup i
 <b d f>_\markup ii°
 <c e gis>_\markup III+
 <d f a>_\markup iv
 <e gis! b>_\markup V
 <f a c>_\markup VI
 <gis! b d>_\markup vii°
 }
}
" /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/t/rtg8n7h3ujdf035cqmmoibh6ail0344/rtg8n7h3.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/t/rtg8n7h3ujdf035cqmmoibh6ail0344/rtg8n7h3.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div></dd></dl> <p>An interesting property of the harmonic minor scale is that it contains two chords that are each <a href="/wiki/Generated_collection" title="Generated collection">generated</a> by just one interval: </p> <ol><li>an augmented triad (III<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><sup>+</sup></span>), which is generated by major thirds</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Diminished_seventh_chord" title="Diminished seventh chord">diminished seventh chord</a> (vii<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><sup>o</sup></span><sup>7</sup>), which is generated by minor thirds</li></ol> <p>Because they are generated by just one interval, the <a href="/wiki/Inversion_(music)#Chords" title="Inversion (music)">inversions</a> of augmented triads and diminished seventh chords introduce no new intervals (allowing for <a href="/wiki/Enharmonic_equivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Enharmonic equivalent">enharmonic equivalents</a>) that are absent from its root position. That is, any inversion of an augmented triad (or diminished seventh chord) is enharmonically equivalent to a new augmented triad (or diminished seventh chord) in <a href="/wiki/Root_position" title="Root position">root position</a>. For example, the triad E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>–G–B in first inversion is G–B–E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, which is enharmonically equivalent to the augmented triad G–B–D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>. One chord, with various spellings, may therefore have various harmonic functions in various keys. </p><p>The seventh chords built on each scale degree follow a distinct pattern. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_numeral_analysis" title="Roman numeral analysis">roman numeral analysis</a> is shown in parentheses below. </p><p>Harmonic minor contains seven types of seventh chords: a <a href="/wiki/Minor_major_seventh_chord" title="Minor major seventh chord">minor major seventh chord</a> (i<sup>m(maj7)</sup>), a <a href="/wiki/Half-diminished_seventh_chord" title="Half-diminished seventh chord">half-diminished seventh chord</a> (ii<sup>m7(−5)</sup>), an <a href="/wiki/Augmented_major_seventh_chord" title="Augmented major seventh chord">augmented major seventh chord</a> (III<sup>aug(maj7)</sup>), a <a href="/wiki/Minor_seventh_chord" title="Minor seventh chord">minor seventh chord</a> (iv<sup>m7</sup>), a <a href="/wiki/Dominant_seventh_chord" title="Dominant seventh chord">dominant seventh chord</a> (V<sup>7</sup>), a <a href="/wiki/Major_seventh_chord" title="Major seventh chord">major seventh chord</a> (VI<sup>maj7</sup>), and a <a href="/wiki/Diminished_seventh_chord" title="Diminished seventh chord">diminished seventh chord</a> (vii<sup>dim7</sup>). Natural minor only contains four types of seventh chords: three minor seventh chords (i<sup>m7</sup>, iv<sup>m7</sup>, and v<sup>m7</sup>), a half-diminished seventh chord (ii<sup>m7(-5)</sup>), two major seventh chords (III<sup>maj7</sup> and VI<sup>maj7</sup>), and a dominant seventh chord (VII<sup>7</sup>). </p> <dl><dd><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/8/q/8qze9ufie9im9oc238ceu84d61q4l3i/8qze9ufi.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/8/q/8qze9ufie9im9oc238ceu84d61q4l3i/8qze9ufi.png" width="340" height="75" alt=" {
\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
 \relative c' {
 \clef treble \time 7/1 \hide Staff.TimeSignature
 <a c e gis>1_\markup i♮7
 <b d f a>_\markup iiø7
 <c e gis! b>_\markup III+7
 <d f a c>_\markup ivm7
 <e gis! b d>_\markup V7
 <f a c e>_\markup VIM7
 <gis! b d f>_\markup vii°7
 }
}
" /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/8/q/8qze9ufie9im9oc238ceu84d61q4l3i/8qze9ufi.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/8/q/8qze9ufie9im9oc238ceu84d61q4l3i/8qze9ufi.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div></dd></dl> <ul><li>1st: <a href="/wiki/Minor-major_seventh_chord" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor-major seventh chord">minor-major seventh chord</a> (i<sup>♮7</sup>)</li> <li>2nd: <a href="/wiki/Half_diminished_seventh_chord" class="mw-redirect" title="Half diminished seventh chord">half diminished seventh chord</a> (ii<sup>ø7</sup>)</li> <li>3rd: <a href="/wiki/Augmented_major_seventh_chord" title="Augmented major seventh chord">augmented major seventh chord</a> (III<sup>+7</sup>)</li> <li>4th: <a href="/wiki/Minor_seventh_chord" title="Minor seventh chord">minor seventh chord</a> (ivm<sup>7</sup>)</li> <li>5th: <a href="/wiki/Dominant_seventh_chord" title="Dominant seventh chord">dominant seventh chord</a> (V<sup>7</sup>)</li> <li>6th: <a href="/wiki/Major_seventh_chord" title="Major seventh chord">major seventh chord</a> (VIM<sup>7</sup>)</li> <li>7th: <a href="/wiki/Diminished_seventh_chord" title="Diminished seventh chord">diminished seventh chord</a> (vii<sup>o7</sup>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modes_of_harmonic_minor_scale">Modes of harmonic minor scale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonic_minor_scale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modes of harmonic minor scale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like Ionian (or major) scale, harmonic minor scale has seven modes, but since the character of harmonic minor is quite the same as Aeolian (natural minor), the modes from Ionian will be rearranged to be started from Aeolian. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mode </th> <th>Name of scale </th> <th colspan="8">Degrees </th> <th colspan="8">Notes (on A) </th> <th>Triad chords </th> <th>Seventh chords </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1 </td> <td>Harmonic minor (or Aeolian <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>7) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>A </td> <td>B </td> <td>C </td> <td>D </td> <td>E </td> <td>F </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>A </td> <td>Am </td> <td>Am<sup>maj7</sup> (9, 11, <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>13) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2 </td> <td>Locrian <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-natural">♮</span></span>6 </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>2 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>A </td> <td>B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>C </td> <td>D </td> <td>E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>G </td> <td>A </td> <td>A<sup>ο</sup> or Am<sup>♭5</sup> </td> <td>A<sup>ø7</sup> (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>9, 11, 13) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3 </td> <td>Ionian <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>5 (or augmented major) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>A </td> <td>B </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>D </td> <td>E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>A </td> <td>A+ </td> <td>A+<sup>maj7</sup> (9, 11, 13) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Dorian_scale" title="Ukrainian Dorian scale">Ukrainian Dorian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian #11 (or Dorian #4, Romanian minor)</a>, Arabic <a href="/wiki/Nikriz" title="Nikriz">Nikriz</a>, <i>Mi Sheberakh,</i> <br />(or altered dorian) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>3 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>A </td> <td>B </td> <td>C </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>E </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>G </td> <td>A </td> <td>Am </td> <td>Am<sup>7</sup> (9, <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>11, 13) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_dominant_scale" title="Phrygian dominant scale">Phrygian dominant scale</a>, Hijaz,Double Harmonic Majorb7, <p>Freygish </p> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>6 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>A </td> <td>B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>D </td> <td>E </td> <td>F </td> <td>G </td> <td>A </td> <td>A </td> <td>A<sup>7</sup> (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>9, 11, <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>13) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">6 </td> <td>Lydian <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>A </td> <td>B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>E </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>A </td> <td>A </td> <td>A<sup>maj7</sup> (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>9, <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>11, 13) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">7 </td> <td>Super-Locrian scale <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span>7<br />(or altered diminished) </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>2 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>3 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>4 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>5 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>6 </td> <td><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>A </td> <td>B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>C </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>F </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>A </td> <td>A<sup>ο</sup> or Am<sup>♭5</sup> </td> <td>A<sup>ο7</sup> (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>9, <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>11, <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>13) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonic_minor_scale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_minor_scale" title="Jazz minor scale">Jazz minor scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_minor_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural minor scale">Natural minor scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_scale#Melodic_minor_scale" title="Minor scale">Melodic minor scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_major_scale" title="Harmonic major scale">Harmonic major scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_scale" title="Major scale">Major scale</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonic_minor_scale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Forte-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forte_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Forte" title="Allen Forte">Forte, Allen</a> (1979). <i>Tonal Harmony</i>, p. 13. Third edition. Holt, Rinhart, and Winston. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-020756-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-020756-8">0-03-020756-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Carl_McKinley" title="Carl McKinley">McKinley, Carl</a> (2011). <i>Harmonic Relations</i>, p.37. Wipf & Stock Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610975315" title="Special:BookSources/9781610975315">9781610975315</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Seeger" title="Charles Seeger">Seeger, Charles</a> (1916). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YbwPAAAAYAAJ">Harmonic Structure and Elementary Composition: An Outline of a Course in Practical Musical Invention</a></i>, p.13. C.L. Seeger & E.G. Stricklen. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785871501719" title="Special:BookSources/9785871501719">9785871501719</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mokrejs, John (1913). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n-IsAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Harmonic+seventh+scale%22">Lessons in Harmony</a></i>, p.41. Odowan Publishing Company. [ISBN unspecified].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willard A. Palmer, Morton Manus, Amanda Vick Lethco (1994). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iVf1aKSBgdAC&q=Harmonic+seventh+scale">Scales, Chords, Arpeggios and Cadences: Complete Book</a></i>, p.14. Alfred. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739003688" title="Special:BookSources/9780739003688">9780739003688</a>. "To find the primary triads in a MINOR KEY, the HARMONIC MINOR SCALE is used."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?DoveID=WORCESTER">"Dove's Guide"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dove%27s_Guide_for_Church_Bell_Ringers" title="Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers">Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/neo-classical-metal-ma0000011866">"Neo-Classical Metal Music Genre Overview | AllMusic"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Neo-Classical+Metal+Music+Genre+Overview+%7C+AllMusic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fneo-classical-metal-ma0000011866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarmonic+minor+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Secrets-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Secrets_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Secrets_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mock, Don (1998). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W7zYnfdECAYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Harmonic+seventh+scale&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwic39758cf-AhVOCDQIHXnYD0QQuwV6BAgHEAc#v=onepage&q=%22Harmonic%20seventh%22%20scale&f=false%7CGuitar">Secrets: Harmonic Minor Revealed</a></i>, p.5. Alfred Music. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780769200293" title="Special:BookSources/9780769200293">9780769200293</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_scales_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scale_(music)" title="Scale (music)">Musical scales</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_scales_and_modes" title="List of musical scales and modes">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_scale" title="Major scale">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_scale" title="Minor scale">Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">Pentatonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatonic_scale" title="Diatonic scale">Diatonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_scale" title="Chromatic scale">Chromatic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bebop_scale" title="Bebop scale">Bebop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_scale" title="Blues scale">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octatonic_scale" title="Octatonic scale">Diminished scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distance_model" title="Distance model">Distance model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_harmonic_scale" title="Double harmonic scale">Double harmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic_scale" title="Enharmonic scale">Enharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_scale" title="Enigmatic scale">Enigmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_mode" title="Flamenco mode">Flamenco mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic Scale">Harmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_major_scale" title="Harmonic major scale">Harmonic major</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harmonic minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_scale" title="Jazz scale">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_minor_scale" title="Jazz minor scale">Jazz minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Locrian_scale" title="Major Locrian scale">Major Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_dominant_scale" title="Phrygian dominant scale">Phrygian dominant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_intense_diatonic_scale" title="Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale">Ptolemy's intense diatonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_of_harmonics" title="Scale of harmonics">Scale of harmonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetric_scale" title="Symmetric scale">Symmetric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_mode" title="Synthetic mode">Synthetic mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_scale" title="Synthetic scale">Synthetic scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_tone_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole tone scale">Whole tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_scale" title="Algerian scale">Algerian</a></li> <li>Arabic <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Double_harmonic_scale" title="Double harmonic scale">Double harmonic</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Major_Locrian_scale" title="Major Locrian scale">Major Locrian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Quarter_tone_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter tone scale">Quarter tone</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/17_equal_temperament" title="17 equal temperament">17 equal temperament</a></small></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Escala_nordestina" title="Escala nordestina">Escala nordestina</a></small></li></ul></li> <li>Gamelan <ul><li><small><i><a href="/wiki/Pelog" title="Pelog">Pelog</a></i></small></li> <li><small><i><a href="/wiki/Slendro" title="Slendro">Slendro</a></i></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_scale" title="Gypsy scale">Gypsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_major_scale" title="Hungarian major scale">Hungarian major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_minor_scale" title="Hungarian minor scale">Hungarian minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_scale" title="Istrian scale">Istrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_musical_scales" title="Japanese musical scales">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusach_(Jewish_music)" title="Nusach (Jewish music)">Jewish nusach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_scale" title="Neapolitan scale">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_scale" title="Persian scale">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_major_scale" title="Romanian major scale">Romanian major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Dorian_scale" title="Ukrainian Dorian scale">Ukrainian Dorian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-octave</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_scale" title="Alpha scale">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_scale" title="Beta scale">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_scale" title="Gamma scale">Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_scale" title="Delta scale">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohlen%E2%80%93Pierce_scale" title="Bohlen–Pierce scale">Bohlen–Pierce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modes" title="Template:Modes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modes" title="Template talk:Modes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modes_in_Western_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mode_(music)" title="Mode (music)">Modes in Western music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_mode" title="Gregorian mode">Gregorian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Authentic_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Authentic mode">Authentic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_mode" title="Phrygian mode">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_mode" title="Lydian mode">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Mixolydian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Plagal_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Plagal mode">Plagal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypodorian_mode" title="Hypodorian mode">Hypodorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypophrygian_mode" title="Hypophrygian mode">Hypophrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypolydian_mode" title="Hypolydian mode">Hypolydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Hypomixolydian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_mode" title="Ionian mode">Ionian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoionian_mode" title="Hypoionian mode">Hypoionian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_mode" title="Aeolian mode">Aeolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoaeolian_mode" title="Hypoaeolian mode">Hypoaeolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_mode" title="Locrian mode">Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypolocrian_mode" title="Hypolocrian mode">Hypolocrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">Pentatonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciting_tone" title="Reciting tone">Reciting tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diatonic_scale" title="Diatonic scale">Diatonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_mode" title="Ionian mode">Ionian (I)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_major&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural major (page does not exist)">natural major</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascending_melodic_major&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ascending melodic major (page does not exist)">ascending melodic major</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_mode" title="Phrygian mode">Phrygian (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_mode" title="Lydian mode">Lydian (IV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Mixolydian (V)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_mode" title="Aeolian mode">Aeolian (VI)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Natural_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural minor">natural minor</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Descending_melodic_minor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Descending melodic minor (page does not exist)">descending melodic minor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_mode" title="Locrian mode">Locrian (VII)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_minor_scale" title="Jazz minor scale">Jazz minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_minor_scale" title="Jazz minor scale">Jazz minor (I)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ascending_melodic_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascending melodic minor">ascending melodic minor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorian_%E2%99%AD2_scale" title="Dorian ♭2 scale">Dorian ♭2 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_augmented_scale" title="Lydian augmented scale">Lydian augmented (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_scale" title="Acoustic scale">Acoustic (IV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_dominant_scale" title="Aeolian dominant scale">Aeolian dominant (V)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Descending_melodic_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Descending melodic major">descending melodic major</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_diminished_scale" title="Half diminished scale">Half diminished (VI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altered_scale" title="Altered scale">Altered (VII)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic minor">Harmonic minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic minor">Harmonic minor (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Dorian_scale" title="Ukrainian Dorian scale">Ukrainian Dorian (IV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_dominant_scale" title="Phrygian dominant scale">Phrygian dominant (V)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic major">Harmonic major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic major">Harmonic major (I)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Double_harmonic_scale" title="Double harmonic scale">Double harmonic scale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_harmonic_scale" title="Double harmonic scale">Double harmonic (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_minor_scale" title="Hungarian minor scale">Hungarian minor (IV)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oriental_mode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oriental mode (page does not exist)">Oriental (V)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Number of tones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monotonic_scale" title="Monotonic scale">Monotonic</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditonic_scale" title="Ditonic scale">Ditonic</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritonic_scale" title="Tritonic scale">Tritonic</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetratonic_scale" title="Tetratonic scale">Tetratonic</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">Pentatonic</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexatonic_scale" title="Hexatonic scale">Hexatonic</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptatonic_scale" title="Heptatonic scale">Heptatonic</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octatonic_scale" title="Octatonic scale">Octatonic</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatonic_scale" title="Decatonic scale">Decatonic</a> (10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_scale" title="Chromatic scale">Chromatic</a> (12)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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