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extraction</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: selective extraction"> <meta name="keywords" content="selective extraction"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="selective extraction"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2726</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: selective extraction</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2726</span> Selective Solvent Extraction of Calcium and Magnesium from Concentrate Nickel Solutions Using Mixtures of Cyanex 272 and D2EHPA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandre%20S.%20Guimar%C3%A3es">Alexandre S. Guimarães</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20B.%20Mansur"> Marcelo B. Mansur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of organophosphorus extractants Cyanex 272 and D2EHPA on the purification of concentrate nickel sulfate solutions was evaluated. Batch scale tests were carried out at pH range of 2 to 7 using a laboratory solution simulating concentrate nickel liquors as those typically obtained when sulfate intermediates from nickel laterite are re-leached and treated for the selective removal of cobalt, zinc, manganese and copper with Cyanex 272 ([Ca] = 0.57 g/L, [Mg] = 3.2 g/L, and [Ni] = 88 g/L). The increase on the concentration of D2EHPA favored the calcium extraction. The extraction of magnesium is dependent on the pH and of ratio of extractants D2EHPA and Cyanex 272 in the organic phase. The composition of the investigated organic phase did not affect nickel extraction. The number of stages is dependent on the magnesium extraction. The most favorable operating condition to selectively remove calcium and magnesium was determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction" title="solvent extraction">solvent extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophosphorus%20extractants" title=" organophosphorus extractants"> organophosphorus extractants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20earth%20metals" title=" alkaline earth metals"> alkaline earth metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel" title=" nickel"> nickel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41602/selective-solvent-extraction-of-calcium-and-magnesium-from-concentrate-nickel-solutions-using-mixtures-of-cyanex-272-and-d2ehpa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2725</span> Selective Extraction of Couple Nickel(II) / Cobalt(II) by a Series of Schiff Bases in Sulfate Medium, in the Chloroforme-Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Belhadj">N. Belhadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hadj%20Youcef"> M. Hadj Youcef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Benabdallah"> T. Benabdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belbachir%20Ibtissem"> Belbachir Ibtissem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Boceiri"> N. Boceiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work deals with the synthesis, the structural elucidation and the exploration the extracting properties of a series of ortho-hydroxy Schiff base in sulfate medium. After the synthesis and characterization of their structures, the study of their behavior in solution was carried out by pH-metric titration in different media homogeneous and heterogeneous solution. This allowed to explore and to quantify in each of these media, some of their properties in solution such as, their acid-base behavior (determination and comparison of pKa), their distribution powers (determination and comparison of logKd), and their thermodynamic constants (determining ∆H°, ΔS° and ∆G°moy) by optimizing both the temperature and ionic strength. Study of the extraction of nickel (II) and cobalt(II) separately was undertaken in the aqueous-organic system, chloroform-water. Different extraction parameters have been thus optimized such, the pH, the concentration of extractant and the ionic strength, and the extraction constants established in each case. The extracted metal complexes have been isolated and their spatial configurations elucidated. The selective extraction of the couple cobalt (II)/nickel (II) was finally performed by our series of Schiff base in the chloroforme/water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20extraction" title="selective extraction">selective extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schiff%20base" title=" Schiff base"> Schiff base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt%28II%29" title=" cobalt(II)"> cobalt(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%28II%29" title=" nickel(II)"> nickel(II)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43695/selective-extraction-of-couple-nickelii-cobaltii-by-a-series-of-schiff-bases-in-sulfate-medium-in-the-chloroforme-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2724</span> Fractionation of Biosynthetic Mixture of Gentamicins by Reactive Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Kloetzer">L. Kloetzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Po%C5%9Ftaru"> M. Poştaru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20I.%20Galaction"> A. I. Galaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ca%C5%9Fcaval"> D. Caşcaval</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic industrially obtained by biosynthesis of Micromonospora purpurea or echinospora, the product being a complex mixture of components with very similar structures. Among them, three exhibit the most important biological activity: gentamicins C1, C1a, C2, and C2a. The separation of gentamicin from the fermentation broths at industrial scale is rather difficult and it does not allow the fractionation of the complex mixture of gentamicins in order to increase the therapeutic activity of the product. The aim of our experiments is to analyze the possibility to selectively separate the less active gentamicin, namely gentamicin C1, from the biosynthetic mixture by reactive extraction with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dissolved in dichloromethane, followed selective re-extraction of the most active gentamicins C1a, C2, and C2a. The experiments on the reactive extraction of gentamicins indicated the possibility to separate selectively the gentamicin C1 from the mixture obtained by biosynthesis. The extraction selectivity is positively influenced by increasing the pH-value of an aqueous solution and by using a D2EHPA concentration in organic phase closer to the value needed for an equimolecular ratio between the extractant and this gentamicin. For quantifying the selectivity of separation, the selectivity factor, calculated as the ratio between the degree of reactive extraction of gentamicin C1 and the overall extraction degree of gentamicins were used. The possibility to remove the gentamicin C1 at an extractant concentration of 10 g l-1 and pH = 8 is presented. In these conditions, it was obtained the maximum value of the selectivity factor of 2.14, which corresponds to the modification of the gentamicin C1 concentration from 31.92% in the biosynthetic mixture to 72% in the extract. The re-extraction of gentamicins C1, C1a, C2, and C2a with sulfuric acid from the extract previously obtained by reactive extraction (mixture A – extract obtained by non-selective reactive extraction; mixture B – extract obtained by selective reactive extraction) allows for separating selectively the most active gentamicins C1a, C2, and C2a. For recovering only the active gentamicins C1a, C2, and C2a, the re-extraction must be carried out at very low acid concentrations, far below those corresponding to the stoichiometry of its chemical reactions with these gentamicins. Therefore, the mixture resulted by re-extraction contained 92.6% gentamicins C1a, C2, and C2a. By bringing together the aqueous solutions obtained by reactive extraction and re-extraction, the overall content of the active gentamicins in the final product becomes 89%, their loss reaching 0.3% related to the initial biosynthetic product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=di-%282-ethylhexyl%29%20phosphoric%20acid" title="di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid">di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gentamicin" title=" gentamicin"> gentamicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20extraction" title=" reactive extraction"> reactive extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selectivity%20factor" title=" selectivity factor"> selectivity factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6005/fractionation-of-biosynthetic-mixture-of-gentamicins-by-reactive-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2723</span> Selective Extraction Separation of Vanadium and Chromium in the Leaching/Aqueous Solution with Trioctylamine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohua%20Jing">Xiaohua Jing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Efficient extraction for separation of V and Cr in the leaching/aqueous solution is essential to the reuse of V and Cr in the V-Cr slag. Trioctylamine, a common tertiary amine extractant, with some good characters (e.g., weak base, insoluble in water and good stability) different from N1923, was investigated in this paper. The separation factor of Cr and V can be reached to 230.71 when initial pH of the aqueous solution is 0.5, so trioctylamine can be used for extracting Cr from the leaching/aqueous solution contained V and Cr. The highest extraction percentages of Cr and V were 98.73% and 90.22% when the initial pH values were 0.5 and 1.5, respectively. Via FT-IR spectra of loaded organic phase and trioctylamine, the hydrogen bond association mechanism of extracting V and Cr was investigated, which was the same with the way of extracting the two metals with primary amine N1923. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20extraction" title="selective extraction">selective extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trioctylamine" title=" trioctylamine"> trioctylamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V%20and%20Cr" title=" V and Cr"> V and Cr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20factor" title=" separation factor"> separation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20bond%20association" title=" hydrogen bond association"> hydrogen bond association</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63024/selective-extraction-separation-of-vanadium-and-chromium-in-the-leachingaqueous-solution-with-trioctylamine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2722</span> Removal Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) by Solvent Extraction from Sulfate Solutions by Capric Acid in Chloroform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bara">A. Bara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Barkat"> D. Barkat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liquid-liquid extraction is one of the most useful techniques for selective removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions, applied in purification processes in numerous chemical and metallurgical industries. In this work, The liquid-liquid extraction of cobalt (II) and copper (II) from aqueous solution by capric acid (HL) in chloroform at 25°C has been studied. Our interest in this paper is to study the effect of concentration of capric acid on the extraction of Co(II) and Cu(II) to see the complexes could be formed in the organic phase using various concentration of capric acid. The extraction of cobalt (II) and copper (II) is extracted as the complex CoL2 (HL )2, CuL2 (HL)2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capric%20acid" title="capric acid">capric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cobalt%28II%29" title=" Cobalt(II)"> Cobalt(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%28II%29" title=" copper(II)"> copper(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-liquid%20extraction" title=" liquid-liquid extraction "> liquid-liquid extraction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27656/removal-cobalt-ii-and-copper-ii-by-solvent-extraction-from-sulfate-solutions-by-capric-acid-in-chloroform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2721</span> Selective Solvent Extraction of Co from Ni and Mn through Outer-Sphere Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Korban%20Oosthuizen">Korban Oosthuizen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20C.%20Luckay"> Robert C. Luckay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the growing popularity of electric vehicles and the importance of cobalt as part of the cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, demand for this metal is on the rise. Recycling of the cathode materials by means of solvent extraction is an attractive means of recovering cobalt and easing the pressure on limited natural resources. In this study, a series of straight chain and macrocyclic diamine ligands were developed for the selective recovery of cobalt from the solution containing nickel and manganese by means of solvent extraction. This combination of metals is the major cathode material used in electric vehicle batteries. The ligands can be protonated and function as ion-pairing ligands targeting the anionic [CoCl₄]²⁻, a species which is not observed for Ni or Mn. Selectivity for Co was found to be good at very high chloride concentrations and low pH. Longer chains or larger macrocycles were found to enhance selectivity, and linear chains on the amide side groups also resulted in greater selectivity over the branched groups. The cation of the chloride salt used for adjusting chloride concentrations seems to play a major role in extraction through salting-out effects. The ligands developed in this study show good selectivity for Co over Ni and Mn but require very high chloride concentrations to function. This research does, however, open the door for further investigations into using diamines as solvent extraction ligands for the recovery of cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrometallurgy" title="hydrometallurgy">hydrometallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction" title=" solvent extraction"> solvent extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt" title=" cobalt"> cobalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-ion%20batteries" title=" lithium-ion batteries"> lithium-ion batteries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178956/selective-solvent-extraction-of-co-from-ni-and-mn-through-outer-sphere-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2720</span> Combination of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Electromembrane Extraction for the Determination of Zolpidem Using Modified Screen-Printed Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Naeemy">Ali Naeemy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mir%20Ghasem%20Hoseini"> Mir Ghasem Hoseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, for the first time, an analytical method developed and validated by combining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electromembrane extraction (EIS-EME) by Vulcan/poly pyrrole nanocomposite modified screen-printed electrode (PPY–VU/SPE) for accurately quantifying zolpidem. EME parameters optimized, including solvent composition, voltage, pH adjustments and extraction time. Zolpidem was transferred from a donor solution (pH 5) to an acceptor solution (pH 13) using a hollow fiber in 1-octanol as a membrane, driven by a 60 V voltage for 25 minutes, ensuring precise and selective extraction. In comparison with SPE, VU/SPE and PPY/SPE, the PPY–VU/SPE was much more efficient for ZP oxidation. Calibration curves with good linearity were obtained in the concentration range of 2-75 µmol L-1 using the EIS-EME with the detection limit of 0.5 µmol L-1 . Finally, the EIS-EME by using the PPY– VU/SPE was successfully used to determine ZP in tablet dosage form, urine and plasma samples. Keywords: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Electromembrane extraction, Zolpidem, Vulcan, poly pyrrole, Screen printed electrode <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance%20spectroscopy" title="electrochemical impedance spectroscopy">electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromembrane%20extraction" title=" electromembrane extraction"> electromembrane extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screen%20printed%20electrode" title=" screen printed electrode"> screen printed electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zolpidem" title=" zolpidem"> zolpidem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186746/combination-of-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy-and-electromembrane-extraction-for-the-determination-of-zolpidem-using-modified-screen-printed-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2719</span> Application of extraction chromatography to the separation of Sc, Zr and Sn isotopes from target materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steffen%20Happel">Steffen Happel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-standard isotopes such as Sc-44/47, Zr-89, and Sn-117mare finding interest is increasing in radiopharmaceutical applications. Methods for the separation of these elements from typical target materials were developed. The methods used in this paper are based on the use of extraction chromatographic resins such as UTEVA, TBP, and DGA resin. Information on the selectivity of the resins (Dw values of selected elements in HCl and HNO3 of varying concentration) will be presented as well as results of the method development such as elution studies, chemical recoveries, and decontamination factors. Developed methods are based on the use of vacuum supported separation allowing for fast and selective separation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elution" title="elution">elution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction%20chromatography" title=" extraction chromatography"> extraction chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiopharmacy" title=" radiopharmacy"> radiopharmacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decontamination%20factors" title=" decontamination factors"> decontamination factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4334/application-of-extraction-chromatography-to-the-separation-of-sc-zr-and-sn-isotopes-from-target-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2718</span> Nanofluid-Based Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Selective Extraction and Separation of Dysprosium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maliheh%20Raji">Maliheh Raji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Abolghasemi"> Hossein Abolghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaber%20Safdari"> Jaber Safdari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kargari"> Ali Kargari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dysprosium is a rare earth element which is essential for many growing high-technology applications. Dysprosium along with neodymium plays a significant role in different applications such as metal halide lamps, permanent magnets, and nuclear reactor control rods preparation. The purification and separation of rare earth elements are challenging because of their similar chemical and physical properties. Among the various methods, membrane processes provide many advantages over the conventional separation processes such as ion exchange and solvent extraction. In this work, selective extraction and separation of dysprosium from aqueous solutions containing an equimolar mixture of dysprosium and neodymium by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was investigated. The organic membrane phase of the ELM was a nanofluid consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), Span80 as surfactant, Cyanex 272 as carrier, kerosene as base fluid, and nitric acid solution as internal aqueous phase. Factors affecting separation of dysprosium such as carrier concentration, MWCNT concentration, feed phase pH and stripping phase concentration were analyzed using Taguchi method. Optimal experimental condition was obtained using analysis of variance (ANOVA) after 10 min extraction. Based on the results, using MWCNT nanofluid in ELM process leads to increase the extraction due to higher stability of membrane and mass transfer enhancement and separation factor of 6 for dysprosium over neodymium can be achieved under the optimum conditions. Additionally, demulsification process was successfully performed and the membrane phase reused effectively in the optimum condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion%20liquid%20membrane" title="emulsion liquid membrane">emulsion liquid membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MWCNT%20nanofluid" title=" MWCNT nanofluid"> MWCNT nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation" title=" separation"> separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80725/nanofluid-based-emulsion-liquid-membrane-for-selective-extraction-and-separation-of-dysprosium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2717</span> Solvent Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium(II) Using P-Methylphenyl Thiourea as a Complexing Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashikant%20R.%20Kuchekar">Shashikant R. Kuchekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somnath%20D.%20Bhumkar"> Somnath D. Bhumkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haribhau%20R.%20Aher"> Haribhau R. Aher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaskar%20H.%20Zaware"> Bhaskar H. Zaware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ponnadurai%20Ramasami"> Ponnadurai Ramasami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A precise, sensitive, rapid and selective method for the solvent extraction, spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) using para-methylphenyl thiourea (PMPT) as an extractant is developed. Palladium(II) forms yellow colored complex with PMPT which shows an absorption maximum at 300 nm. The colored complex obeys Beer’s law up to 7.0 µg ml<sup>-1</sup> of palladium. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were found to be 8.486 x 10<sup>3</sup> l mol<sup>-1</sup>cm<sup>-1</sup> and 0.0125 μg cm<sup>-2 </sup>respectively. The optimum conditions for the extraction and determination of palladium have been established by monitoring the various experimental parameters. The precision of the method has been evaluated and the relative standard deviation has been found to be less than 0.53%. The proposed method is free from interference from large number of foreign ions. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of palladium from alloy, synthetic mixtures corresponding to alloy samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction" title="solvent extraction">solvent extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMPT" title=" PMPT"> PMPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palladium%20%28II%29" title=" Palladium (II)"> Palladium (II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrophotometry" title=" spectrophotometry"> spectrophotometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68759/solvent-extraction-and-spectrophotometric-determination-of-palladiumii-using-p-methylphenyl-thiourea-as-a-complexing-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2716</span> The Need for Selective Credit Policy Implementation: Case of Croatia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drago%20Jakovcevic">Drago Jakovcevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihovil%20Andelinovic"> Mihovil Andelinovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Husak"> Igor Husak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to explore the economic circumstances in which the selective credit policy, the least used instrument of four types of instruments on disposal to central banks, should be used. The most significant example includes the use of selective credit policies in response to the emergence of the global financial crisis by the FED. Specifics of the potential use of selective credit policies as the instigator of economic growth in Croatia, a small open economy, are determined by high euroization of financial system, fixed exchange rate and long-term trend growth of external debt that is related to the need to maintain high levels of foreign reserves. In such conditions, the classic forms of selective credit policies are unsuitable for the introduction. Several alternative approaches to implement selective credit policies are examined in this paper. Also, thorough analysis of distribution of selective monetary policy loans among economic sectors in Croatia is conducted in order to minimize the risk of investing funds and maximize the return, in order to influence the GDP growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20crisis" title="global crisis">global crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20credit%20policy" title=" selective credit policy"> selective credit policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20open%20economy" title=" small open economy"> small open economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Croatia" title=" Croatia"> Croatia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10529/the-need-for-selective-credit-policy-implementation-case-of-croatia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2715</span> Mechanisms of Ginger Bioactive Compounds Extract Using Soxhlet and Accelerated Water Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Azian">M. N. Azian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Ilia%20Anisa"> A. N. Ilia Anisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Iwai"> Y. Iwai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanism for extraction bioactive compounds from plant matrix is essential for optimizing the extraction process. As a benchmark technique, a soxhlet extraction has been utilized for discussing the mechanism and compared with an accelerated water extraction. The trends of both techniques show that the process involves extraction and degradation. The highest yields of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol in soxhlet extraction were 13.948, 7.12, 10.312 and 2.306 mg/g, respectively. The optimum 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol extracted by the accelerated water extraction at 140oC were 68.97±3.95 mg/g at 3min, 18.98±3.04 mg/g at 5min, 5.167±2.35 mg/g at 3min and 14.57±6.27 mg/g at 3min, respectively. The effect of temperature at 3mins shows that the concentration of 6-shogaol increased rapidly as decreasing the recovery of 6-gingerol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism" title="mechanism">mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ginger%20bioactive%20compounds" title=" ginger bioactive compounds"> ginger bioactive compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soxhlet%20extraction" title=" soxhlet extraction"> soxhlet extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20water%20extraction" title=" accelerated water extraction"> accelerated water extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9278/mechanisms-of-ginger-bioactive-compounds-extract-using-soxhlet-and-accelerated-water-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2714</span> Extractive Desulfurization of Atmospheric Gasoil with N,N-Dimethylformamide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kahina%20Bedda">Kahina Bedda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boudjema%20Hamada"> Boudjema Hamada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental regulations have been introduced in many countries around the world to reduce the sulfur content of diesel fuel to ultra low levels with the intention of lowering diesel engine’s harmful exhaust emissions and improving air quality. Removal of sulfur containing compounds from diesel feedstocks to produce ultra low sulfur diesel fuel by extraction with selective solvents has received increasing attention in recent years. This is because the sulfur extraction technologies compared to the hydrotreating processes could reduce the cost of desulfurization substantially since they do not demand hydrogen, and are carried out at atmospheric pressure. In this work, the desulfurization of distillate gasoil by liquid-liquid extraction with N, N-dimethylformamide was investigated. This fraction was recovered from a mixture of Hassi Messaoud crude oils and Hassi R'Mel gas-condensate in Algiers refinery. The sulfur content of this cut is 281 ppm. Experiments were performed in six-stage with a ratio of solvent:feed equal to 3:1. The effect of the extraction temperature was investigated in the interval 30 ÷ 110°C. At 110°C the yield of refined gas oil was 82% and its sulfur content was 69 ppm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desulfurization" title="desulfurization">desulfurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasoil" title=" gasoil"> gasoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N" title=" N"> N</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-dimethylformamide" title="N-dimethylformamide">N-dimethylformamide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfur%20content" title=" sulfur content"> sulfur content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9332/extractive-desulfurization-of-atmospheric-gasoil-with-nn-dimethylformamide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2713</span> Selective Separation of Amino Acids by Reactive Extraction with Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phosphoric Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20C.%20Blaga">Alexandra C. Blaga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Ca%C5%9Fcaval"> Dan Caşcaval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Tucaliuc"> Alexandra Tucaliuc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madalina%20Po%C5%9Ftaru"> Madalina Poştaru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anca%20I.%20Galaction"> Anca I. Galaction</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amino acids are valuable chemical products used in in human foods, in animal feed additives and in the pharmaceutical field. Recently, there has been a noticeable rise of amino acids utilization throughout the world to include their use as raw materials in the production of various industrial chemicals: oil gelating agents (amino acid-based surfactants) to recover effluent oil in seas and rivers and poly(amino acids), which are attracting attention for biodegradable plastics manufacture. The amino acids can be obtained by biosynthesis or from protein hydrolysis, but their separation from the obtained mixtures can be challenging. In the last decades there has been a continuous interest in developing processes that will improve the selectivity and yield of downstream processing steps. The liquid-liquid extraction of amino acids (dissociated at any pH-value of the aqueous solutions) is possible only by using the reactive extraction technique, mainly with extractants of organophosphoric acid derivatives, high molecular weight amines and crown-ethers. The purpose of this study was to analyse the separation of nine amino acids of acidic character (l-aspartic acid, l-glutamic acid), basic character (l-histidine, l-lysine, l-arginine) and neutral character (l-glycine, l-tryptophan, l-cysteine, l-alanine) by reactive extraction with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dissolved in butyl acetate. The results showed that the separation yield is controlled by the pH value of the aqueous phase: the reactive extraction of amino acids with D2EHPA is possible only if the amino acids exist in aqueous solution in their cationic forms (pH of aqueous phase below the isoeletric point). The studies for individual amino acids indicated the possibility of selectively separate different groups of amino acids with similar acidic properties as a function of aqueous solution pH-value: the maximum yields are reached for a pH domain of 2–3, then strongly decreasing with the pH increase. Thus, for acidic and neutral amino acids, the extraction becomes impossible at the isolelectric point (pHi) and for basic amino acids at a pH value lower than pHi, as a result of the carboxylic group dissociation. From the results obtained for the separation from the mixture of the nine amino acids, at different pH, it can be observed that all amino acids are extracted with different yields, for a pH domain of 1.5–3. Over this interval, the extract contains only the amino acids with neutral and basic character. For pH 5–6, only the neutral amino acids are extracted and for pH > 6 the extraction becomes impossible. Using this technique, the total separation of the following amino acids groups has been performed: neutral amino acids at pH 5–5.5, basic amino acids and l-cysteine at pH 4–4.5, l-histidine at pH 3–3.5 and acidic amino acids at pH 2–2.5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acids" title="amino acids">amino acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=di-%282-ethylhexyl%29%20phosphoric%20acid" title=" di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid"> di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20extraction" title=" reactive extraction"> reactive extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20extraction" title=" selective extraction"> selective extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25016/selective-separation-of-amino-acids-by-reactive-extraction-with-di-2-ethylhexyl-phosphoric-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2712</span> Soybean Lecithin Based Reverse Micellar Extraction of Pectinase from Synthetic Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sivananth%20Murugesan">Sivananth Murugesan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Regupathi"> I. Regupathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Vishwas%20Prabhu"> B. Vishwas Prabhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankit%20Devatwal"> Ankit Devatwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishnu%20Sivan%20Pillai"> Vishnu Sivan Pillai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pectinase is an important enzyme which has a wide range of applications including textile processing and bioscouring of cotton fibers, coffee and tea fermentation, purification of plant viruses, oil extraction etc. Selective separation and purification of pectinase from fermentation broth and recover the enzyme form process stream for reuse are cost consuming process in most of the enzyme based industries. It is difficult to identify a suitable medium to enhance enzyme activity and retain its enzyme characteristics during such processes. The cost effective, selective separation of enzymes through the modified Liquid-liquid extraction is of current research interest worldwide. Reverse micellar extraction, globally acclaimed Liquid-liquid extraction technique is well known for its separation and purification of solutes from the feed which offers higher solute specificity and partitioning, ease of operation and recycling of extractants used. Surfactant concentrations above critical micelle concentration to an apolar solvent form micelles and addition of micellar phase to water in turn forms reverse micelles or water-in-oil emulsions. Since, electrostatic interaction plays a major role in the separation/purification of solutes using reverse micelles. These interaction parameters can be altered with the change in pH, addition of cosolvent, surfactant and electrolyte and non-electrolyte. Even though many chemical based commercial surfactant had been utilized for this purpose, the biosurfactants are more suitable for the purification of enzymes which are used in food application. The present work focused on the partitioning of pectinase from the synthetic aqueous solution within the reverse micelle phase formed by a biosurfactant, Soybean Lecithin dissolved in chloroform. The critical micelle concentration of soybean lecithin/chloroform solution was identified through refractive index and density measurements. Effect of surfactant concentrations above and below the critical micelle concentration was considered to study its effect on enzyme activity, enzyme partitioning within the reverse micelle phase. The effect of pH and electrolyte salts on the partitioning behavior was studied by varying the system pH and concentration of different salts during forward and back extraction steps. It was observed that lower concentrations of soybean lecithin enhanced the enzyme activity within the water core of the reverse micelle with maximizing extraction efficiency. The maximum yield of pectinase of 85% with a partitioning coefficient of 5.7 was achieved at 4.8 pH during forward extraction and 88% yield with a partitioning coefficient of 7.1 was observed during backward extraction at a pH value of 5.0. However, addition of salt decreased the enzyme activity and especially at higher salt concentrations enzyme activity declined drastically during both forward and back extraction steps. The results proved that reverse micelles formed by Soybean Lecithin and chloroform may be used for the extraction of pectinase from aqueous solution. Further, the reverse micelles can be considered as nanoreactors to enhance enzyme activity and maximum utilization of substrate at optimized conditions, which are paving a way to process intensification and scale-down. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pectinase" title="pectinase">pectinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20micelles" title=" reverse micelles"> reverse micelles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean%20lecithin" title=" soybean lecithin"> soybean lecithin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20partitioning" title=" selective partitioning"> selective partitioning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67512/soybean-lecithin-based-reverse-micellar-extraction-of-pectinase-from-synthetic-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2711</span> Electrochemical Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaz%20Mosadeghsedghi">Sanaz Mosadeghsedghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathew%20Hudder"> Mathew Hudder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Baghbanzadeh"> Mohammad Ali Baghbanzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charbel%20Atallah"> Charbel Atallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedeh%20Laleh%20Dashtban%20Kenari"> Seyedeh Laleh Dashtban Kenari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantin%20Volchek"> Konstantin Volchek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lithium has recently been extensively used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. The conventional evaporative approach to recover and concentrate lithium is extremely slow and may take 10-24 months to concentrate lithium from dilute sources, such as geothermal brines. To response to the increasing industrial lithium demand, alternative extraction and concentration technologies should be developed to recover lithium from brines with low concentrations. In this study, a combination of electrocoagulation (EC) and electrodialysis (ED) was evaluated for the recovery of lithium from geothermal brines. The brine samples in this study, collected in Western Canada, had lithium concentrations of 50-75 mg/L on a background of much higher (over 10,000 times) concentrations of sodium. This very high sodium-to-lithium ratio poses challenges to the conventional direct-lithium extraction processes which employ lithium-selective adsorbents. EC was used to co-precipitate lithium using a sacrificial aluminium electrode. The precipitate was then dissolved, and the leachate was treated using ED to separate and concentrate lithium from other ions. The focus of this paper is on the study of ED, including a two-step ED process that included a mono-valent selective stage to separate lithium from multi-valent cations followed by a bipolar ED stage to convert lithium chloride (LiCl) to LiOH product. Eventually, the ED cell was reconfigured using mono-valent cation exchange with the bipolar membranes to combine the two ED steps in one. Using this process at optimum conditions, over 95% of the co-existing cations were removed and the purity of lithium increased to over 90% in the final product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20separation" title="electrochemical separation">electrochemical separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocoagulation" title=" electrocoagulation"> electrocoagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodialysis" title=" electrodialysis"> electrodialysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium%20extraction" title=" lithium extraction"> lithium extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175784/electrochemical-recovery-of-lithium-from-geothermal-brines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2710</span> Analytical Study of Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Extraction with Salicylidene O-, M-, and P-Toluidine in Chloroform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Almi">Sana Almi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamel%20Barkat"> Djamel Barkat </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The solvent extraction of cobalt (II) and nickel (II) from aqueous sulfate solutions were investigated with the analytical methods of slope analysis using salicylidene aniline and the three isomeric o-, m- and p-salicylidene toluidine diluted with chloroform at 25°C. By a statistical analysis of the extraction data, it was concluded that the extracted species are CoL2 with CoL2(HL) and NiL2 (HL denotes HSA, HSOT, HSMT, and HSPT). The extraction efficiency of Co(II) was higher than Ni(II). This tendency is confirmed from numerical extraction constants for each metal cations. The best extraction was according to the following order: HSMT > HSPT > HSOT > HSA for Co2+ and Ni2+. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction" title="solvent extraction">solvent extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%28II%29" title=" nickel(II)"> nickel(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt%28II%29" title=" cobalt(II)"> cobalt(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salicylidene%20aniline" title=" salicylidene aniline"> salicylidene aniline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=o-" title=" o-"> o-</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=m-" title=" m-"> m-</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20p-salicylidene%20toluidine" title=" and p-salicylidene toluidine"> and p-salicylidene toluidine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21677/analytical-study-of-cobaltii-and-nickelii-extraction-with-salicylidene-o-m-and-p-toluidine-in-chloroform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2709</span> Optimization of Titanium Leaching Process Using Experimental Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Rafiei">Arash Rafiei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carroll%20Moore"> Carroll Moore</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leaching process as the first stage of hydrometallurgy is a multidisciplinary system including material properties, chemistry, reactor design, mechanics and fluid dynamics. Therefore, doing leaching system optimization by pure scientific methods need lots of times and expenses. In this work, a mixture of two titanium ores and one titanium slag are used for extracting titanium for leaching stage of TiO2 pigment production procedure. Optimum titanium extraction can be obtained from following strategies: i) Maximizing titanium extraction without selective digestion; and ii) Optimizing selective titanium extraction by balancing between maximum titanium extraction and minimum impurity digestion. The main difference between two strategies is due to process optimization framework. For the first strategy, the most important stage of production process is concerned as the main stage and rest of stages would be adopted with respect to the main stage. The second strategy optimizes performance of more than one stage at once. The second strategy has more technical complexity compared to the first one but it brings more economical and technical advantages for the leaching system. Obviously, each strategy has its own optimum operational zone that is not as same as the other one and the best operational zone is chosen due to complexity, economical and practical aspects of the leaching system. Experimental design has been carried out by using Taguchi method. The most important advantages of this methodology are involving different technical aspects of leaching process; minimizing the number of needed experiments as well as time and expense; and concerning the role of parameter interactions due to principles of multifactor-at-time optimization. Leaching tests have been done at batch scale on lab with appropriate control on temperature. The leaching tank geometry has been concerned as an important factor to provide comparable agitation conditions. Data analysis has been done by using reactor design and mass balancing principles. Finally, optimum zone for operational parameters are determined for each leaching strategy and discussed due to their economical and practical aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20leaching" title="titanium leaching">titanium leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20design" title=" experimental design"> experimental design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20analysis" title=" performance analysis"> performance analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71800/optimization-of-titanium-leaching-process-using-experimental-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2708</span> Parameters Estimation of Power Function Distribution Based on Selective Order Statistics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moh%27d%20Alodat">Moh'd Alodat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we discuss the power function distribution and derive the maximum likelihood estimator of its parameter as well as the reliability parameter. We derive the large sample properties of the estimators based on the selective order statistic scheme. We conduct simulation studies to investigate the significance of the selective order statistic scheme in our setup and to compare the efficiency of the new proposed estimators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fisher%20information" title="fisher information">fisher information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood%20estimator" title=" maximum likelihood estimator"> maximum likelihood estimator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20function%20distribution" title=" power function distribution"> power function distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" ranked set sampling"> ranked set sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20order%20statistics%20sampling" title=" selective order statistics sampling"> selective order statistics sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40094/parameters-estimation-of-power-function-distribution-based-on-selective-order-statistics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2707</span> Mapping Protein Selectivity Landscapes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niv%20Papo">Niv Papo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Characterizing the binding selectivity landscape of interacting proteins is crucial both for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of their interaction and for developing selective inhibitors. However, current mapping methods are laborious and cannot provide a sufficiently comprehensive description of the landscape. Here, we introduce a distinct and efficient strategy for comprehensively mapping the binding landscape of proteins using a combination of experimental multi-target selective library screening and in silico next-generation sequencing analysis. We map the binding landscape of a non-selective trypsin inhibitor, the amyloid protein precursor inhibitor (APPI), to each of four human serine proteases (kallikrein-6, mesotrypsin, and anionic and cationic trypsins). We then use this map to dissect and improve the affinity and selectivity of APPI variants toward each of the four proteases. Our strategy can be used as a platform for the development of a new generation of target-selective probes and therapeutic agents based on selective protein–protein interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20design" title="drug design">drug design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directed%20evolution" title=" directed evolution"> directed evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20engineering" title=" protein engineering"> protein engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protease%20inhibition." title=" protease inhibition."> protease inhibition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191315/mapping-protein-selectivity-landscapes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2706</span> Extraction of Essential Oil From Orange Peels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aayush%20Bhisikar">Aayush Bhisikar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Rajas"> Neha Rajas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditya%20Bhingare"> Aditya Bhingare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samarth%20Bhandare"> Samarth Bhandare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amruta%20Amrurkar"> Amruta Amrurkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orange peels are currently thrown away as garbage in India after orange fruits' edible components are consumed. However, the nation depends on important essential oils for usage in companies that produce goods, including food, beverages, cosmetics, and medicines. This study was conducted to show how to effectively use it. By using various extraction techniques, orange peel is used in the creation of essential oils. Stream distillation, water distillation, and solvent extraction were the techniques taken into consideration in this paper. Due to its relative prevalence among the extraction techniques, Design Expert 7.0 was used to plan an experimental run for solvent extraction. Oil was examined to ascertain its physical and chemical characteristics after extraction. It was determined from the outcomes that the orange peels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orange%20peels" title="orange peels">orange peels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation" title=" distillation"> distillation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173039/extraction-of-essential-oil-from-orange-peels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2705</span> Extraction of Essential Oil from Orange Peels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Rajas">Neha Rajas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aayush%20Bhisikar"> Aayush Bhisikar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samarth%20Bhandare"> Samarth Bhandare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditya%20Bhingare"> Aditya Bhingare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amruta%20Amrutkar"> Amruta Amrutkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orange peels are currently thrown away as garbage in India after orange fruits' edible components are consumed. However, the nation depends on important essential oils for usage in companies that produce goods, including food, beverages, cosmetics, and medicines. This study was conducted to show how to effectively use it. By using various extraction techniques, orange peel is used in the creation of essential oils. Stream distillation, water distillation, and solvent extraction were the techniques taken into consideration in this paper. Due to its relative prevalence among the extraction techniques, Design Expert 7.0 was used to plan an experimental run for solvent extraction. Oil was examined to ascertain its physical and chemical characteristics after extraction. It was determined from the outcomes that the orange peels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orange%20peels" title="orange peels">orange peels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation" title=" distillation"> distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173321/extraction-of-essential-oil-from-orange-peels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2704</span> Estimation of Opc, Fly Ash and Slag Contents in Blended and Composite Cements by Selective Dissolution Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Palla">Suresh Palla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper presents the results of the study on the estimation of fly ash, slag and cement contents in blended and composite cements by novel selective dissolution method. Types of cement samples investigated include OPC with fly ash as performance improver, OPC with slag as performance improver, PPC, PSC and Composite cement confirming to respective Indian Standards. Slag and OPC contents in PSC were estimated by selectively dissolving OPC in stage 1 and selectively dissolving slag in stage 2. In the case of composite cement sample, the percentage of cement, slag and fly ash were estimated systematically by selective dissolution of cement, slag and fly ash in three stages. In the first stage, cement dissolved and separated by leaving the residue of slag and fly ash, designated as R1. The second stage involves gravimetric estimation of fractions of OPC, residue and selective dissolution of fly ash and slag contents. Fly ash content, R2 was estimated through gravimetric analysis. Thereafter, the difference between the R1 and R2 is considered as slag content. The obtained results of cement, fly ash and slag using selective dissolution method showed 10% of standard deviation with the corresponding percentage of respective constituents. The results suggest that this novel selective dissolution method can be successfully used for estimation of OPC and SCMs contents in different types of cements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20dissolution%20method" title="selective dissolution method ">selective dissolution method </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ggbfs%20slag" title=" ggbfs slag"> ggbfs slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edta" title=" edta"> edta</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134765/estimation-of-opc-fly-ash-and-slag-contents-in-blended-and-composite-cements-by-selective-dissolution-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2703</span> Fear of Isolation, Online Efficacy, and Selective Exposure in Online Political Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyujin%20Shim">Kyujin Shim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores how individual motivations in political psychology will lead to political expression and online discourse, and how those online political discourses result in individuals’ exposure to extreme/ personally-entertaining/ disinhibiting content. This study argues that a new framework beyond the conventional paradigm (e.g., selective exposure based on partisanship/ ideology) is needed for better grasp of non-ideological/ anarchic, and/or of nonpartisan yet anonymity-/ extremity-/ disinhibition-related online behaviors regarding political conversations. Further, this study proposes a new definition of ‘selective exposure,’ with special attention to online efficacy and psychological motivations/gratifications sought in the online sphere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20exposure" title="selective exposure">selective exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20isolation" title=" fear of isolation"> fear of isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20psychology" title=" political psychology"> political psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20discourse" title=" online discourse"> online discourse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57638/fear-of-isolation-online-efficacy-and-selective-exposure-in-online-political-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2702</span> Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Lycopene from Gac Arils (Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yardfon%20Tanongkankit">Yardfon Tanongkankit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanjana%20Narkprasom"> Kanjana Narkprasom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nukrob%20Narkprasom"> Nukrob Narkprasom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khwanruthai%20Saiupparat"> Khwanruthai Saiupparat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phatthareeya%20Siriwat"> Phatthareeya Siriwat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng) possesses high potential for health food as it contains high lycopene contents. The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of lycopene from gac arils using the microwave extraction method. Response surface method was used to find the conditions that optimize the extraction of lycopene from gac arils. The parameters of extraction used in this study were extraction time (120-600 seconds), the solvent to sample ratio (10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1 and 50:1 mL/g) and set microwave power (100-800 watts). The results showed that the microwave extraction condition at the extraction time of 360 seconds, the sample ratio of 30:1 mL/g and the microwave power of 450 watts were suggested since it exhibited the highest value of lycopene content of 9.86 mg/gDW. It was also observed that lycopene contents extracted from gac arils by microwave method were higher than that by the conventional method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20extraction" title="conventional extraction">conventional extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gac%20arils" title=" Gac arils"> Gac arils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave-assisted%20extraction" title=" microwave-assisted extraction"> microwave-assisted extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lycopene" title=" Lycopene"> Lycopene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62117/microwave-assisted-extraction-of-lycopene-from-gac-arils-momordica-cochinchinensis-lour-spreng" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2701</span> Solvent extraction of molybdenum (VI) with two organophosphorus reagents TBP and D2EHPA under microwave irradiations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Boucherit">Ahmed Boucherit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Khalaf"> Hussein Khalaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20Paredes"> Eduardo Paredes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Luis%20Todol%C3%AD"> José Luis Todolí</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solvent extraction studies of molybdenum (VI) with two organophosphorus reagents namely TBP and D2EHPA have been carried out from aqueous acidic solutions of HCl, H2SO4 and H3PO4 under microwave irradiations. The extraction efficiencies of the investigated extractants in the extraction of molybdenum (Vl) were compared. Extraction yield was found unchanged when microwave power varied in the range 20-100 Watts from H2SO4 or H3PO4 but it decreases in the range 20-60 Watts and increases in the range 60-100 Watts when TBP is used for extraction of molybdenum (VI) from 1 M HCl solutions. Extraction yield of molybdenum (VI) was found higher with TBP for HCl molarities greater than 1 M than with D2EHPA for H3PO4 molarities lower than 1 M. Extraction yield increases with HCl molarities in the range 0.50 - 1.80 M but it decreases with the increase in H2SO4 and H3PO4 molarities in the range of 0.05 - 1 M and 0.50 - 1 M, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molybdenum" title=" molybdenum"> molybdenum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent" title=" solvent"> solvent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22227/solvent-extraction-of-molybdenum-vi-with-two-organophosphorus-reagents-tbp-and-d2ehpa-under-microwave-irradiations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">642</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2700</span> Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Phenolic Compounds from Deverra Scoparia Coss and Dur</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roukia%20Hammoudi">Roukia Hammoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chabrouk%20Farid"> Chabrouk Farid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dehak%20Karima"> Dehak Karima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahfoud%20Hadj%20Mahammed"> Mahfoud Hadj Mahammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Didi%20Ouldelhadj"> Mohamed Didi Ouldelhadj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to optimise the extraction conditions for phenolic compounds from Deverra scoparia Coss and Dur. Apiaceae plant by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The effects of solvent type (acetone, ethanol and methanol), solvent concentration (%), extraction time (mins) and extraction temperature (°C) on total phenolic content (TPC) were determined. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be acetone concentration of 80%, extraction time of 25 min and extraction temperature of 25°C. Under the optimized conditions, the value for TPC was 9.68 ± 1.05 mg GAE/g of extract. The study of the antioxidant power of these oils was performed by the method of DPPH. The results showed that antioxidant activity of the Deverra scoparia essential oil was more effective as compared to ascorbic acid and trolox. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deverra%20scoparia" title="Deverra scoparia">Deverra scoparia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20assisted%20extraction" title=" ultrasound assisted extraction"> ultrasound assisted extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20phenolic%20content" title=" total phenolic content"> total phenolic content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23755/optimization-of-extraction-conditions-for-phenolic-compounds-from-deverra-scoparia-coss-and-dur" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">602</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2699</span> Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Phenolic Compounds from Deverra scoparia Coss. and Dur</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roukia%20Hammoudi">Roukia Hammoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dehak%20Karima"> Dehak Karima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chabrouk%20Farid"> Chabrouk Farid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahfoud%20Hadj%20Mahammed"> Mahfoud Hadj Mahammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Didi%20Ouldelhadj"> Mohamed Didi Ouldelhadj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to optimise the extraction conditions for phenolic compounds from Deverra scoparia Coss and Dur. Apiaceae plant by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The effects of solvent type (Acetone, Ethanol and methanol), solvent concentration (%), extraction time (mins) and extraction temperature (°C) on total phenolic content (TPC) were determined. the optimum extraction conditions were found to be acetone concentration of 80%, extraction time of 25 min and extraction temperature of 25°C. Under the optimized conditions, the value for TPC was 9.68 ± 1.05 mg GAE/g of extract. The study of the antioxidant power of these oils was performed by the method of DPPH. The results showed that antioxidant activity of the Deverra scoparia essential oil was more effective as compared to ascorbic acid and trolox. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deverra%20scoparia" title="Deverra scoparia">Deverra scoparia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20assisted%20extraction" title=" ultrasound assisted extraction"> ultrasound assisted extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20phenolic%20content" title=" total phenolic content"> total phenolic content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25874/optimization-of-extraction-conditions-for-phenolic-compounds-from-deverra-scoparia-coss-and-dur" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">595</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2698</span> Change of Flavor Characteristics of Flavor Oil Made Using Sarcodon aspratus (Sarcodon aspratus Berk. S. Ito) According to Extraction Temperature and Extraction Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyeong-Suk%20Jo">Gyeong-Suk Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo-Hyun%20Ji"> Soo-Hyun Ji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=You-Seok%20Lee"> You-Seok Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Hwa%20Kang"> Jeong-Hwa Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To develop an flavor oil using Sarcodon aspratus (Sarcodon aspratus Berk. S. Ito), infiltration extraction method was used to add dried mushroom flavor of Sarcodon aspratus to base olive oil. Edible base oil used during infiltration extraction was pressed olive oil, and infiltration extraction was done while varying extraction temperature to 20, 30, 40 and 50(℃) extraction time to 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Amount of Sarcodon aspratus added to base oil was 20% compared to 100% of base oil. Production yield of Sarcodon aspratus flavor oil decreased with increasing extraction frequency. Aroma intensity was 2195~2447 (A.U./1㎖), and it increased with increasing extraction temperature and extraction time. Chromaticity of Sarcodon aspratus flavor oil was bright pale yellow with pH of 4.5, sugar content of 71~72 (°Brix), and highest average turbidity of 16.74 (Haze %) shown by the 40℃ group. In the aromatic evaluation, increasing extraction temperature and extraction time resulted in increase of cheese aroma, savory sweet aroma and beef jerky aroma, as well as spicy taste comprised of slight bitter taste, savory taste and slight acrid taste, to make aromatic oil with unique flavor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavor%20Characteristics" title="Flavor Characteristics">Flavor Characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavor%20Oil" title=" Flavor Oil"> Flavor Oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Infiltration%20extraction%20method" title=" Infiltration extraction method"> Infiltration extraction method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mushroom" title=" mushroom"> mushroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarcodon%20aspratus%20%28Sarcodon%20aspratus%20Berk.%20S.%20Ito%29" title=" Sarcodon aspratus (Sarcodon aspratus Berk. S. Ito)"> Sarcodon aspratus (Sarcodon aspratus Berk. S. Ito)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76522/change-of-flavor-characteristics-of-flavor-oil-made-using-sarcodon-aspratus-sarcodon-aspratus-berk-s-ito-according-to-extraction-temperature-and-extraction-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2697</span> Determinaton of Processing Parameters of Decaffeinated Black Tea by Using Pilot-Scale Supercritical CO₂ Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saziye%20Ilgaz">Saziye Ilgaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atilla%20Polat"> Atilla Polat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a need for development of new processing techniques to ensure safety and quality of final product while minimizing the adverse impact of extraction solvents on environment and residue levels of these solvents in final product, decaffeinated black tea. In this study pilot scale supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) extraction was used to produce decaffeinated black tea in place of solvent extraction. Pressure (250, 375, 500 bar), extraction time (60, 180, 300 min), temperature (55, 62.5, 70 °C), CO₂ flow rate (1, 2 ,3 LPM) and co-solvent quantity (0, 2.5, 5 %mol) were selected as extraction parameters. The five factors BoxBehnken experimental design with three center points was performed to generate 46 different processing conditions for caffeine removal from black tea samples. As a result of these 46 experiments caffeine content of black tea samples were reduced from 2.16 % to 0 – 1.81 %. The experiments showed that extraction time, pressure, CO₂ flow rate and co-solvent quantity had great impact on decaffeination yield. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Optimum extraction parameters obtained of decaffeinated black tea were as follows: extraction temperature of 62,5 °C, extraction pressure of 375 bar, CO₂ flow rate of 3 LPM, extraction time of 176.5 min and co-solvent quantity of 5 %mol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20carbon%20dioxide" title="supercritical carbon dioxide">supercritical carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decaffeination" title=" decaffeination"> decaffeination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20tea" title=" black tea"> black tea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58747/determinaton-of-processing-parameters-of-decaffeinated-black-tea-by-using-pilot-scale-supercritical-co2-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20extraction&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20extraction&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20extraction&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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