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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A" title="ناد رياضي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناد رياضي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1" title="Спортен клуб – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спортен клуб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_esportiu" title="Club esportiu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Club esportiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportovn%C3%AD_klub" title="Sportovní klub – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sportovní klub" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%A6tsforening" title="Idrætsforening – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Idrætsforening" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportverein" title="Sportverein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sportverein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Αθλητικό σωματείο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αθλητικό σωματείο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_deportivo" title="Club deportivo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Club deportivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportoklubo" title="Sportoklubo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sportoklubo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirol-klub" title="Kirol-klub – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kirol-klub" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="باشگاه ورزشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باشگاه ورزشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_sportif" title="Club sportif – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Club sportif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8F%AC%EC%B8%A0_%ED%81%B4%EB%9F%BD" title="스포츠 클럽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스포츠 클럽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2" title="Մարզական ակումբ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարզական ակումբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klub_olahraga" title="Klub olahraga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Klub olahraga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%BEr%C3%B3ttaf%C3%A9lag" title="Íþróttafélag – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íþróttafélag" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98" title="מועדון ספורט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מועדון ספורט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporta_klubs" title="Sporta klubs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sporta klubs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporto_klubas" title="Sporto klubas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sporto klubas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportegyes%C3%BClet" title="Sportegyesület – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sportegyesület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportvereniging" title="Sportvereniging – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sportvereniging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96" title="スポーツクラブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スポーツクラブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrettslag" title="Idrettslag – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Idrettslag" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrettslag" title="Idrettslag – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Idrettslag" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_esportiu" title="Club esportiu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Club esportiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klub_sportowy" title="Klub sportowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Klub sportowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clube_esportivo" title="Clube esportivo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clube esportivo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_sportiv" title="Club sportiv – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Club sportiv" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1" title="Спортивный клуб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спортивный клуб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2" title="ක්‍රීඩා සමාජ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍රීඩා සමාජ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_club" title="Sports club – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sports club" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1" title="Спортски клуб – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Спортски клуб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urheiluseura" title="Urheiluseura – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Urheiluseura" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrottsf%C3%B6rening" title="Idrottsförening – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Idrottsförening" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spor_kul%C3%BCb%C3%BC" title="Spor kulübü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Spor kulübü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Спортивне товариство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спортивне товариство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2u_l%E1%BA%A1c_b%E1%BB%99_th%E1%BB%83_thao" title="Câu lạc bộ thể thao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Câu lạc bộ thể thao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2%E6%9C%83" title="體育會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="體育會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2%E6%9C%83" title="體育會 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="體育會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q847017#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sports_club" title="Special:EditPage/Sports club">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sports+club%22">"Sports club"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sports+club%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sports+club%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sports+club%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sports+club%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sports+club%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clube.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Clube.JPG/250px-Clube.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Clube.JPG/375px-Clube.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Clube.JPG/500px-Clube.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A sport club in <a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, showing various paved and painted surfaces for <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">handball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, with two <a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">swimming pools</a> in the foreground.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>sports club</b> or <b>sporting club</b>, sometimes an <b>athletics club</b> or <b>sports society</b> or <b>sports association</b>, is a group of people formed for the purpose of playing <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a>. </p><p>Sports clubs range from organisations whose members play together, unpaid, and may play other similar clubs on occasion, watched mostly by family and friends, to large commercial organisations with <a href="/wiki/Professional_sports" title="Professional sports">professional</a> players which have <a href="/wiki/Sports_team" title="Sports team">teams</a> that regularly compete against those of other clubs and sometimes attract very large crowds of paying <a href="/wiki/Sports_fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports fan">spectators</a>. Clubs may be dedicated to a single sport or to several (<b>multi-sport clubs</b>). </p><p>The term "athletics club" is sometimes used for a general sports club, rather than one dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a> proper. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn" title="Friedrich Ludwig Jahn">Friedrich Ludwig Jahn</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Turners" title="Turners">Turners</a> movement, first realized at <a href="/wiki/Volkspark_Hasenheide" title="Volkspark Hasenheide">Volkspark Hasenheide</a> in Berlin in 1811, was the origin of the modern <a href="/wiki/Sports_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports clubs">sports clubs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_club&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Larger sports clubs are characterized by having professional and amateur departments in various sports such as <a href="/wiki/Bike_polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike polo">bike polo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">handball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(Quad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller hockey (Quad)">rink hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Track and field athletics">track and field athletics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">cycling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastics</a>, and others, including less traditional sports such as <a href="/wiki/Airsoft" title="Airsoft">airsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiards">billiards</a>, <a href="/wiki/E-sports" class="mw-redirect" title="E-sports">e-sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orienteering" title="Orienteering">orienteering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paintball" title="Paintball">paintball</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">roller derby</a>. The teams and <a href="/wiki/Sportsperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sportsperson">athletes</a> belonging to a sports club may compete in several different leagues, championships and tournaments wearing the same club colors and using the same club name, sharing also the same club <a href="/wiki/Fan_(person)" title="Fan (person)">fan base</a>, supporters and facilities. </p><p>Many professional sports clubs have an associate system where the affiliated supporters pay an annuity fee. In those cases, supporters become eligible to attend the club's home matches and exhibitions across the entire season, and have the right to practice almost every kind of sport at the club's facilities. Registered associate member fees, attendance receipts, <a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">sponsoring</a> contracts, team <a href="/wiki/Merchandising" title="Merchandising">merchandising</a>, TV rights, and athlete/player <a href="/wiki/Transfer_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer (football)">transfer fees</a>, are usually the primary sources of sports club financing. In addition, there are sports clubs, or its teams, which are publicly listed - several professional European <a href="/wiki/Football_club_(association_football)" title="Football club (association football)">football clubs</a> belonging to a larger multisports club are examples of this (namely, Portuguese SADs (<a href="/wiki/Sociedade_An%C3%B3nima_Desportiva" title="Sociedade Anónima Desportiva">Sociedade Anónima Desportiva</a>) such as <a href="/wiki/S.L._Benfica" title="S.L. Benfica">Sport Lisboa e Benfica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sporting_Clube_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporting Clube de Portugal">Sporting Clube de Portugal</a>, or Spanish SADs (<a href="/wiki/Sociedad_An%C3%B3nima_Deportiva" title="Sociedad Anónima Deportiva">Sociedad Anónima Deportiva</a>) <a href="/wiki/Real_Zaragoza,_S.A.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Real Zaragoza, S.A.D.">Real Zaragoza, S.A.D.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Real_Betis_Balompi%C3%A9_S.A.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Real Betis Balompié S.A.D.">Real Betis Balompié S.A.D.</a>, as well as Italian clubs like <a href="/wiki/S.S._Lazio" class="mw-redirect" title="S.S. Lazio">Società Sportiva Lazio S.p.A.</a>). </p><p>Some sports teams are owned and financed by a single non-sports <a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">company</a>, for example the several sports teams owned by <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH" title="Red Bull GmbH">Red Bull GmbH</a> and collectively known as <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_(disambiguation)#Sports_teams_owned_by_Red_Bull_GmbH" class="mw-disambig" title="Red Bull (disambiguation)">Red Bulls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples of this are the several sports teams owned by <a href="/wiki/Bayer_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayer AG">Bayer AG</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> corporations through the <a href="/wiki/Bayer_04_Leverkusen" title="Bayer 04 Leverkusen">Bayer 04 Leverkusen</a> and <a href="/wiki/PSV_Eindhoven" title="PSV Eindhoven">PSV Eindhoven</a> respectively, that originally were <a href="/wiki/Works_team" title="Works team">works teams</a>, the teams owned by the <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Group">Samsung Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samsung_Sports#Amateur" title="Samsung Sports">Samsung Sports</a>), and the teams owned by the <a href="/wiki/Anschutz_Entertainment_Group" title="Anschutz Entertainment Group">Anschutz Entertainment Group</a> (AEG). They may compete in several different sports and leagues, being headquartered in some cases across several countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_club&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_clubs_by_membership" title="List of sports clubs by membership">List of sports clubs by membership</a></div> <p>In the field of competitive club sports, an athlete will typically be registered to only one club for a given discipline and will compete for that club exclusively for the duration of a competition or season. Exceptions to this include <a href="/wiki/Trade_(sports)" title="Trade (sports)">player trades</a> and transfers, <a href="/wiki/Loan_(sports)" title="Loan (sports)">athlete loan agreements</a> and unattached trialists. Where an athlete competes in multiple disciplines, or where club membership has social or training aspects such as local athletic clubs, then athletes may register with multiple clubs. </p><p>Multiple membership is more common in the case of individual sports, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">sport of athletics</a>, where a distance runner may compete for a <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a> team as well as a <a href="/wiki/Road_running" title="Road running">road running</a> team, and also have further membership at a local sports club for training purposes. Some national sports bodies require an athlete to state a priority order of their club membership, outlining which club has the higher, or first, claim on the athlete's services.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_clubs_around_the_world">Sports clubs around the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_club&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sports clubs around the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many regions of the world like <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">West Asia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> or <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, sports clubs with several sports departments (multisports clubs) or branches, including highly competitive professional teams, are very popular and have developed into some of the most powerful and representative sports institutions in those places. In general, student sports can be described as composed by multisports clubs, each one representing its educational institution and competing in several sport disciplines. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> major institutions like <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Athletic_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Athletic Club">The New York Athletic Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Athletic_Club" title="Los Angeles Athletic Club">Los Angeles Athletic Club</a> serve as athletic clubs that participate in multiple sports. Examples also abound of sports clubs that are in effect one sports team. Each team from the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> (American football), <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">CFL</a> (Canadian football), <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> (basketball), <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">MLB</a> (baseball), <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a> (ice hockey) or <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a> (association football) North American <a href="/wiki/Sports_league" title="Sports league">sports leagues</a>, can be called sports clubs, but in practice, they focus solely on a single sport. There are some exceptions, especially when multiple such teams are under one ownership structure, in which case the club may be referred to as a "sports and entertainment" company; see, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Pegula_Sports_and_Entertainment" title="Pegula Sports and Entertainment">One Buffalo</a> sports club, which fields an NFL team (the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bills" title="Buffalo Bills">Buffalo Bills</a>), two hockey teams (<a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres" title="Buffalo Sabres">Buffalo Sabres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Americans" title="Rochester Americans">Rochester Americans</a>), professional lacrosse (<a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bandits" title="Buffalo Bandits">Buffalo Bandits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Knighthawks" title="Rochester Knighthawks">Rochester Knighthawks</a>), and general athletics and fitness (Impact Sports and Performance). Even in such circumstances, <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective bargaining agreement">collective bargaining agreements</a> and contract laws generally do not allow a player on one sports team within a sports and entertainment company to automatically play for another team in the same company. On the other hand, American <a href="/wiki/Varsity_team" title="Varsity team">varsity teams</a> are generally organized into a structure forming a true multi-sport club belonging to an educational institution, but varsity collegiate athletics are almost never referred to as clubs; <a href="/wiki/College_club_sports_in_the_United_States" title="College club sports in the United States">"club sports" in American colleges and universities</a> refer to sports that are not directly sponsored by the colleges but by student organizations (see <a href="/wiki/National_Club_Football_Association" title="National Club Football Association">National Club Football Association</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Collegiate_Hockey_Association" title="American Collegiate Hockey Association">American Collegiate Hockey Association</a> for two leagues consisting entirely of college "club" teams in <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>, respectively). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, almost all major sports organisations are dedicated to a single sport, the exception to this is <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Athletic_Club" title="Cardiff Athletic Club">Cardiff Athletic Club</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, Wales, which is the owner of the <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Arms_Park" title="Cardiff Arms Park">Cardiff Arms Park</a> site. It is responsible for much of the premier amateur sporting activities in city with <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Cricket_Club" title="Cardiff Cricket Club">Cardiff Cricket Club</a>), <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> (it is the major shareholder of the semi-professional <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_RFC" title="Cardiff RFC">Cardiff Rugby Club</a>), <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cardiff_%26_Met_Hockey_Club" title="Cardiff & Met Hockey Club">Cardiff & Met Hockey Club</a>), tennis (<a href="/wiki/Lisvane_(CAC)_Tennis_Club" title="Lisvane (CAC) Tennis Club">Lisvane (CAC) Tennis Club</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Bowls" title="Bowls">bowls</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Athletic_Bowls_Club" title="Cardiff Athletic Bowls Club">Cardiff Athletic Bowls Club</a>) sections. Catford Wanderers Sports Club is also a multisports organisation, with <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a>, cricket, association football and tennis facilities. In addition, like in several other countries, many universities and colleges develop a wide range of student sport activities including at a professional or semi-professional level. <a href="/wiki/Fulham_F.C." title="Fulham F.C.">Fulham F.C.</a> once ran a professional <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> team and rowing club, which other football clubs have emulated since. Many football clubs originate from cricket teams. Today, most major cities have separate clubs for each sport (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester United">Manchester United</a> Football Club and <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Lancashire County Cricket Club">Lancashire County Cricket Club</a> are based in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>). </p><p>Many clubs internationally describe themselves as <a href="/wiki/Football_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Football club">football clubs</a> ("FC", "Football Club" in British English and "Fußball-Club" in German; "CF", <i>Clube de Futebol</i> in Portuguese and <i>Club de Fútbol</i> in Spanish). Generally, British football clubs field only football teams. Their counterparts in several other countries tend to be full multi-sport clubs, even when called football clubs (<a href="/wiki/F.C._Porto" class="mw-redirect" title="F.C. Porto">Futebol Clube do Porto</a>; <a href="/wiki/FC_Bayern_Munich" title="FC Bayern Munich">Fußball-Club Bayern München</a>; <a href="/wiki/FC_Barcelona" title="FC Barcelona">Futbol Club Barcelona</a>). The equivalent abbreviation "SC" (for "Soccer Club") is occasionally used in North American English (for example, <a href="/wiki/Nashville_SC" title="Nashville SC">Nashville SC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orlando_City_SC" title="Orlando City SC">Orlando City SC</a>), but a general reluctance to decolonize the sport terminology means that most North American teams, somewhat ambiguously, as "football" in <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American English</a> refers to <a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">North American gridiron-style football</a> still use "F.C." in their name instead (e.g. <a href="/wiki/FC_Dallas" title="FC Dallas">FC Dallas</a> or <a href="/wiki/Toronto_FC" title="Toronto FC">Toronto FC</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_club&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Running_club" title="Running club">Running club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_organization" title="Community organization">Community organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_club" title="Country club">Country club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_club" title="Health club">Health club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_centre" title="Leisure centre">Leisure centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Association_of_Sports_Economists" title="North American Association of Sports Economists">North American Association of Sports Economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociedad_An%C3%B3nima_Deportiva" title="Sociedad Anónima Deportiva">Sociedad Anónima Deportiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Sports_Societies_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Voluntary Sports Societies of the USSR">Voluntary Sports Societies of the USSR</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_club&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/Aeltester-Sportverein-HT16-feiert-200-Jahre,jubilaeumht100.html">"Ältester Sportverein der Welt wird 200 Jahre"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%84ltester+Sportverein+der+Welt+wird+200+Jahre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndr.de%2Fgeschichte%2FAeltester-Sportverein-HT16-feiert-200-Jahre%2Cjubilaeumht100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://redbulls.com/">Red Bulls</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012353/http://redbulls.com/">Archived</a> 2010-11-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> redbulls.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.englandathletics.org/clubs-and-facilities/club-affiliation/managing-athlete-registration/">Managing Athlete Registrations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190603184450/https://www.englandathletics.org/clubs-and-facilities/club-affiliation/managing-athlete-registration/">Archived</a> 2019-06-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. England Athletics. Retrieved 2019-06-03.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Individual_sport" title="Individual sport">Individual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_sports" title="Military sports">Military sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasports" title="Parasports">Parasports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_sports" title="Women's sports">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_sports" title="Professional sports">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-professional_sports" title="Semi-professional sports">Semi-professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_sports" title="Amateur sports">Amateur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_science" title="Sports science">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">Exercise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_biomechanics" title="Sports biomechanics">Biomechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_(learning_method)" title="Practice (learning method)">Practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_periodization" title="Sports periodization">Periodization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_physiology" title="Exercise physiology">Physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_training" title="Strength training">Strength training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_in_sport" title="Doping in sport">Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">Medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletic_training" title="Athletic training">Athletic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_chiropractic" title="Sports chiropractic">Chriopractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_injury" title="Sports injury">Injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_physician" title="Team physician">Physicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_psychology" title="Sport psychology">Psychology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_nutrition" title="Sports nutrition">Nutrition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding_supplement" title="Bodybuilding supplement">Bodybuilding supplements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_drink" title="Sports drink">Sports drink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_pedagogy" title="Sport pedagogy">Pedagogy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physical_education" title="Physical education">Physical education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_activity" title="Physical activity">Physical activity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_rating_system" title="Sports rating system">Rating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_sport" title="Sociology of sport">Sociology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">Governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_league" title="Sports league">Leagues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Season_(sports)" title="Season (sports)">Season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playoffs" title="Playoffs">Postseason</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_school" title="Sports school">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_team" title="Sports team">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations" title="List of international sports federations">International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_management" title="Sport management">Business</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_agent" title="Sports agent">Agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_of_sports_events" title="Broadcasting of sports events">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_economics" title="Sports economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_industry" title="Sport industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_marketing" title="Sports marketing">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">Sponsorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_(sports)" title="Trade (sports)">Trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport communication">Communication</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_manager" title="General manager">General managers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Journalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_magazine" title="Sports magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_podcast" title="Sports podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_radio" title="Sports radio">Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">Promoters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_betting" title="Sports betting">Betting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cheerleaders" title="List of cheerleaders">Cheerleaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports entertainment">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(person)" title="Fan (person)">Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sport" title="History of sport">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_memorabilia" title="Sports memorabilia">Memorabilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_(sports)" title="Name (sports)">Naming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sportspeople_with_nicknames" title="List of sportspeople with nicknames">Nicknames</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_(sports)" title="Number (sports)">Numbering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympism" title="Olympism">Olympic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_sport" title="Philosophy of sport">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_rivalries" title="List of sports rivalries">Rivalries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">Sports mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsmanship" title="Sportsmanship">Sportsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_sports" title="Violence in sports">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_equipment" title="Sports equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_turf" title="Artificial turf">Artificial turf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball" title="Ball">Balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caving_equipment" title="Caving equipment">Caving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_equipment" title="Exercise equipment">Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisbee" title="Frisbee">Flying disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportswear" title="Sportswear">Sportswear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_and_sports" title="Politics and sports">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_law_in_the_United_States" title="Sports law in the United States">Sports law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_sports" title="Ministry of sports">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">National sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_sport" title="Regulation of sport">Regulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Africa" title="Sport in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Australia" title="Sport in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Asia" title="Sports in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_South_Asia" title="Sport in South Asia">South Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Europe" title="Sport in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_North_America" title="Sports in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Oceania" title="Sport in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_South_America" title="Sport in South America">South America</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Other_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_sports" title="Western sports">Western world</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/16px-Sports_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/24px-Sports_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/32px-Sports_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="226" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sports" title="Portal:Sports">Sports portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sports" title="Category:Sports">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sports" title="Outline of sports">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847017#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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