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class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> Este artigo contén varias <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Ligaz%C3%B3ns_externas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Ligazóns externas">ligazóns externas</a> e/ou bibliografía ao fin da páxina, mais poucas ou ningunha referencia no corpo do texto.<br> Por favor, <b>mellora o artigo introducindo <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Gu%C3%ADa/Fontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guía/Fontes">notas ao pé</a></b>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citar_as_fontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citar as fontes">citando as fontes</a>. <div style="font-size:85%;"> Podes ver exemplos de como se fai <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Artigos_de_calidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categoría:Artigos de calidade">nestes artigos</a>. </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>O termo <b>arquitectura</b> (en <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingua_latina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lingua latina">latín</a> <i>architectura</i>, do <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingua_grega?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lingua grega">grego</a> <i>ἀρχιτέκτων</i> ; <i>ἀρχι</i>: "xefe" e <i>τέκτων</i>: "construtor, carpinteiro") pode ter os seguintes significados:</p> <ul> <li>A arte e ciencia do <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dese%C3%B1o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deseño">deseño</a> e da construción de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edificio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edificio">edificios</a> e outras estruturas físicas.</li> <li>A actividade dun arquitecto, cando a arquitectura signifique ofrecer ou vender servizos profesionais ligados ao deseño e construción dun edificio -ou a un grupo de edificios, así como o espazo que os rodea- que ten como principal obxectivo o uso e ocupación humana.</li> <li>Un termo xeral para referirmos aos edificios e outras estruturas físicas.</li> <li>Un estilo e método de deseño e construción de edificios e outras estruturas físicas.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Brunelleshi-and-Duomo-of-Florence.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Brunelleshi-and-Duomo-of-Florence.png" decoding="async" width="179" height="232" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="232"></a> <figcaption> Sección da Catedral de Florencia, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italia">Italia</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Unha definición máis ampla pode comprender toda a actividade do deseño, dende o macronivel do <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanismo">deseño urbano</a> e paisaxismo, até o micronivel dos detalles construtivos e o deseño do <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mobiliario?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mobiliario">mobles</a>. A arquitectura enténdese tanto como o proceso en si mesmo, coma o produto ao que se chega a través do planeamento, deseño e construción da forma, espazo e ambiente que reflicten consideracións funcionais, técnicas, sociais e estéticas. Require da manipulación creativa e da cordinación do material a usar; así como da súa <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tecnolox%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tecnoloxía">tecnoloxía</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luz">luz</a> e <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sombra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sombra">sombra</a>. A arquitectura engloba tamén algúns aspectos pragmáticos da creación dos edificios e estruturas, incluíndo a programación e control da execución, a medición e estimación dos custos, e a administración do proceso edificatorio. A través desa documentación producida polos arquitectos, especialmente planos, debuxos e especificacións técnicas, a arquitectura define a estrutura creada e/a personalidade do edificio ou sistema que foi ou vai ser construído.</p> <p>As obras de arquitectura son percebidas en moitas ocasións como símbolos culturais e políticos, así como obras de arte. Algunhas civilizacións históricas, como a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiga_Grecia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiga Grecia">Antiga Grecia</a> ou o pobo <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a>, son idendificadas con frecuencia cos seus logros arquitectónicos.</p> <p>A palabra arquitectura refírese tamén en moitas ocasións á actividade do deseño de calquera outro sistema, non tendo que estar necesariamente relacionado con mundo da edificación. O termo pode atoparse con grande facilidade no mundo da tecnoloxía da <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Informaci%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Información">información</a> ou da enxeñaría informática.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="gl" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Índice</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Teor%C3%ADa_da_arquitectura"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Teoría da arquitectura</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tratados_hist%C3%B3ricos"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Tratados históricos</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Conceptos_contempor%C3%A1neos_da_arquitectura"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Conceptos contemporáneos da arquitectura</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#A_pr%C3%A1ctica_profesional_da_arquitectura"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">A práctica profesional da arquitectura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Algunhas_definici%C3%B3ns_de_arquitectura"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Algunhas definicións de arquitectura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Introduci%C3%B3n_e_orixe"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Introdución e orixe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Teor%C3%ADa_e_pr%C3%A1ctica"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Teoría e práctica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arquitectura_e_edificios"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Arquitectura e edificios</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historia_da_arquitectura"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Historia da arquitectura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#V%C3%A9xase_tam%C3%A9n"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Véxase tamén</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliograf%C3%ADa"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografía</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Outros_artigos"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Outros artigos</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ligaz%C3%B3ns_externas"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ligazóns externas</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Teoría_da_arquitectura"><span id="Teor.C3.ADa_da_arquitectura"></span>Teoría da arquitectura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Teoría da arquitectura»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tratados_históricos"><span id="Tratados_hist.C3.B3ricos"></span>Tratados históricos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Tratados históricos»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>O tratado escrito máis antigo sobre a arquitectura que perdurou até os nosos días é <i>De architectura</i>, feito polo arquitecto romano <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vitruvio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitruvio">Vitruvio</a> no século I aC. Segundo Vitruvio, un bo <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edificio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edificio">edificio</a> debería satisfacer os tres principios de <i>firmitatis utilitatis venustatis</i>, os cales poderíanse traducir como:</p> <ol> <li>Durabilidade. O edificio debería erguerse robustamente e permanecer en boas condicións.</li> <li>Utilidade. O edificio debería ser útil e funcional de acordo co uso que as persoas farán del.</li> <li>Beleza. O edificio debería deleitar ás persoas e elevar os seus espíritos.</li> </ol> <p>Segundo Vitruvio, o arquitecto debería esforzarse para cumprir cada un dos tres atributos do mellor xeito posíbel. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Leon Battista Alberti</a>, na súa obra <i>De Re Aedificatoria</i>, baseada nas ideas de Vitruvio, viu á beleza como unha cuestión de proporción, aínda que nela os ornamentos tamén tiñan a súa importancia. Para Alberti, as regras da proporción eran aquelas que gobernaban a idealizada figura humana, o que el chamou "o medio dourado". O aspecto máis importante da beleza era polo tanto unha parte inherente do obxecto, máis que un aplique superficial, e estaba baseado en verdades recoñecibeis e universais. A noción do estilo nas artes non foi desenvolta até o <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século XVI">século XVI</a>, cando o escritor italiano <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a> escribiu os seus tratados sobre historia da arte. Dende o <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século XVIII">século XVIII</a>, todos estes tratados traducidos a outras linguas como o italiano, o francés, o castelán e o inglés.</p> <p>A comezos do século vinte, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustus_Pugin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a> escribiu Contrastes (1836) que, como suxire o título, contrasta o mundo moderno e industrial da época, que el despreza, cunha imaxe idealizada dun mundo neo-medieval. Pugin cría que o <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura_g%C3%B3tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arquitectura gótica">estilo gótico</a> era a única "forma cristiá verdadeira da arquitectura".</p> <p>O crítico inglés do século XIX, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Ruskin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a>, no seu <i>Seven Lamps of Architecture</i> (1949), foi moito máis preciso no seu punto de vista sobre en que constituía a arquitectura. A arquitectura era a "arte que dispón e adorna os edificios erguidos polo home... e a vista deles" contribúe "á súa saúde mental, poder e pracer".</p> <p>Para Ruskin, a estética tiña un significado primordial. O seu traballo insiste na idea de que un edificio non chega a ser unha obra de arquitectura até que este "adórnase" dalgún xeito. Segundo Ruskin, un edificio ben construído, ben proporcionado, e funcional, necesitaba canto menos, hiladas de xunta na fachada ou un aspecto rústico.</p> <p>Sobre a diferenza entre os ideais de "arquitectura" e a mera "construción", o célebre arquitecto do século XX <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Corbusier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>, escribiu: "Ti usas pedra, madeira e formigón, e con estes materiais constrúes casas e pazos: iso é construción. Aparece o enxeño nese traballo. Pero de súpeto ti tocas o meu corazón, fasme bo. Eu estou feliz e digo: Isto é belo. Iso é arquitectura".</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Conceptos_contemporáneos_da_arquitectura"><span id="Conceptos_contempor.C3.A1neos_da_arquitectura"></span>Conceptos contemporáneos da arquitectura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Conceptos contemporáneos da arquitectura»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>O arquitecto de rañaceos do século XIX, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Sullivan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Sullivan">Louis Sullivan</a>, promoveu un precepto primordial no eido do deseño arquitectónico: "A forma segue á función".</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="A_práctica_profesional_da_arquitectura"><span id="A_pr.C3.A1ctica_profesional_da_arquitectura"></span>A práctica profesional da arquitectura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «A práctica profesional da arquitectura»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Filippo_Brunelleschi,_cutaway_of_the_Dome_of_Florence_Cathedral_(Santa_Maria_del_Fiore).JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Filippo_Brunelleschi%2C_cutaway_of_the_Dome_of_Florence_Cathedral_%28Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%29.JPG/200px-Filippo_Brunelleschi%2C_cutaway_of_the_Dome_of_Florence_Cathedral_%28Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="274" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="542"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 274px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Filippo_Brunelleschi%2C_cutaway_of_the_Dome_of_Florence_Cathedral_%28Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%29.JPG/200px-Filippo_Brunelleschi%2C_cutaway_of_the_Dome_of_Florence_Cathedral_%28Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%29.JPG" data-width="200" data-height="274" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Filippo_Brunelleschi%2C_cutaway_of_the_Dome_of_Florence_Cathedral_%28Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%29.JPG/300px-Filippo_Brunelleschi%2C_cutaway_of_the_Dome_of_Florence_Cathedral_%28Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Filippo_Brunelleschi%2C_cutaway_of_the_Dome_of_Florence_Cathedral_%28Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> A cúpula de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Fiore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa María del Fiore">Santa María del Fiore</a> obra de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filippo Brunelleschi">Filippo Brunelleschi</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Brandenburger_Tor_Blaue_Stunde.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Brandenburger_Tor_Blaue_Stunde.jpg/200px-Brandenburger_Tor_Blaue_Stunde.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Brandenburger_Tor_Blaue_Stunde.jpg/200px-Brandenburger_Tor_Blaue_Stunde.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Brandenburger_Tor_Blaue_Stunde.jpg/300px-Brandenburger_Tor_Blaue_Stunde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Brandenburger_Tor_Blaue_Stunde.jpg/400px-Brandenburger_Tor_Blaue_Stunde.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porta_de_Brandeburgo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porta de Brandeburgo">Porta de Brandeburgo</a>, mostra do <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neoclasicismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neoclasicismo">Neoclasicismo</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:FallingwaterWright.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/FallingwaterWright.jpg/200px-FallingwaterWright.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/FallingwaterWright.jpg/200px-FallingwaterWright.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/FallingwaterWright.jpg/300px-FallingwaterWright.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/FallingwaterWright.jpg/400px-FallingwaterWright.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Casa_da_Fervenza&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Casa da Fervenza (a páxina aínda non existe)">Casa da Fervenza</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Takatori_Catholic_Church.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Takatori_Catholic_Church.JPG/200px-Takatori_Catholic_Church.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1982" data-file-height="1387"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Takatori_Catholic_Church.JPG/200px-Takatori_Catholic_Church.JPG" data-width="200" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Takatori_Catholic_Church.JPG/300px-Takatori_Catholic_Church.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Takatori_Catholic_Church.JPG/400px-Takatori_Catholic_Church.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=A_igrexa_de_papel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="A igrexa de papel (a páxina aínda non existe)">A igrexa de papel</a>. Obra de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shigeru_Ban&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shigeru Ban (a páxina aínda non existe)">Shigeru Ban</a> fabricada con materiais <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reciclaxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reciclaxe">reciclables</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:The_London%27s_Gherkin.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_London%27s_Gherkin.JPG/200px-The_London%27s_Gherkin.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 267px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_London%27s_Gherkin.JPG/200px-The_London%27s_Gherkin.JPG" data-width="200" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_London%27s_Gherkin.JPG/300px-The_London%27s_Gherkin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_London%27s_Gherkin.JPG/400px-The_London%27s_Gherkin.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> "Dun trazo nace a <b>Arquitectura</b>." <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a> - "O Pepinillo", <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Torre_Swiss_Re&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Torre Swiss Re (a páxina aínda non existe)">Torre Swiss Re</a>, por <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norman_Foster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norman Foster">Norman Foster</a> - Zona financeira de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Tradicionalmente, a arquitectura foi considerada unha das seis <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belas_Artes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belas Artes">Belas Artes</a>. Determinados edificios ou outras construcións son <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obra_de_arte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obra de arte">obras de arte</a> xa que poden ser considerados primariamente en función da súa forma ou estrutura sensible ou da súa <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Est%C3%A9tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estética">estética</a>. Dende este punto de vista, aínda que os medios da arquitectura poidan consistir en <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muro_(construci%C3%B3n)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muro (construción)">muros</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Columna_(arquitectura)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Columna (arquitectura)">columnas</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Forxado&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Forxado (a páxina aínda non existe)">forxados</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teito">teitos</a> e demais elementos construtivos, o seu fin é crear espazos con sentido onde os seres humanos poidan desenvolver todo tipo de actividades. É neste "ter sentido" en que pode distinguirse a arquitectura (como arte) da mera construción. Así é como esta é capaz de condicionar o comportamento do home no espazo, tanto física como emocionalmente.</p> <p>Aínda que na actualidade adoita considerarse que a principal actividade da arquitectura vai dirixida ao deseño de espazos para o refuxio e a habitación (as <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vivenda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivenda">vivendas</a>), só a partir do <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século XIX">século XIX</a> comezaron os arquitectos a preocuparse polo problema do aloxamento, a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Habitabilidade&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Habitabilidade (a páxina aínda non existe)">habitabilidade</a> e a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hixiene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hixiene">hixiene</a> das vivendas, e a ampliar o seu ámbito de actuación máis aló dos monumentos e edificios representativos.</p> <p>A evolución á especialización e a separación de ámbitos laborais é similar á doutras profesións. Nos séculos pasados os arquitectos ocupábanse non só de deseñar os edificios senón que tamén deseñaban prazas, alamedas e parques, especialización que hoxe se coñece como exteriorismo ou <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paisaxismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paisaxismo">paisaxismo</a>. A especialización dos arquitectos na creación de obxectos de uso nas edificacións, como os mobles, deu como resultado o nacemento da profesión de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dese%C3%B1o_industrial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deseño industrial">deseño industrial</a>. Hoxe, os profesionais que proxectan e planifican o desenvolvemento dos sistemas urbanos son os <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Urbanista&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Urbanista (a páxina aínda non existe)">urbanistas</a>. Os urbanistas son profesionais con grao específico e exclusivo en urbanismo, licenciados nesta profesión co título de Urbanista, existindo outros profesionais como Arquitectos, Sociólogos, Enxeñeiros, Avogados especializados a través de posgraos en temas relacionados coa cidade, ben sexa a xestión, planificación ou deseño urbano.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Algunhas_definicións_de_arquitectura"><span id="Algunhas_definici.C3.B3ns_de_arquitectura"></span>Algunhas definicións de arquitectura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Algunhas definicións de arquitectura»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Leon Battista Alberti</a></b> (<i>De Re Aedificatoria</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1452?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1452">1452</a>?) "<i>... o arquitecto (</i>architectore<i>) será aquel que cun método e un procedemento determinados e dignos de admiración estude o modo de proxectar en teoría e tamén de levar a cabo na práctica calquera obra que, a partir do desprazamento dos pesos e a unión e o ensamble dos corpos, se axeite, dunha forma fermosísima, ás necesidades de seu dos seres humanos</i>" (do Proemio). "<i>A arte da construción na súa totalidade componse do trazado e a súa materialización (...) o trazado será unha posta por escrito determinada e uniforme, concibida en abstracto, realizada a base de liñas e ángulos e levada a termo por unha mente e unha intelixencia culta</i>" (do Lib. I, Cap. I).</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Lodoli&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Carlo Lodoli (a páxina aínda non existe)">Carlo Lodoli</a></b> (<i>A. Memmo: Elementi dell'Architettura Lodoliana</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1786?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1786">1786</a>) "<i>A arquitectura é unha ciencia intelectual e práctica dirixida a establecer racionalmente o bo uso e as proporcións dos artefactos e a coñecer coa experiencia a natureza dos materiais que os compón</i>" (do Vol. I, Cap. VI).</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Louis_Durand&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Louis Durand (a páxina aínda non existe)">J. N. Louis Durand</a></b> (<i>Precis des leçons d'Architecture</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1801?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1801">1801</a>-1803) "<i>A arquitectura é a arte de compor e de realizar todos os edificios públicos e privados (...) conveniencia e economía son os medios que debe empregar naturalmente a arquitectura e as fontes das que debe extraer os seus principios (...) para que un edificio sexa conveniente é preciso que sexa sólido, salubre e cómodo (...) un edificio será tanto menos custoso canto máis simétrico, máis regular e máis simple sexa</i>" (da Introdución ao Vol. I).</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Ruskin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></b> (<i>The Seven Lamps of Architecture</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1849?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1849">1849</a>) "<i>A arquitectura é a arte de levantar e de decorar os edificios construídos polo home, calquera que sexa o seu destino, de xeito que o seu aspecto contribúa á saúde, á forza e ao pracer do espírito</i>" (do Cap. I).</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc">Eugène Viollet-le-Duc</a></b> (<i>Dictionnaire raisonnée</i>..., <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1854?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1854">1854</a>-1868) "<i>A arquitectura é a arte de construír. Componse de dúas partes, a teoría e a práctica. A teoría comprende: a arte propiamente devandita, as regras suxeridas polo gusto, derivadas da tradición, e a ciencia, que se funda sobre fórmulas constantes e absolutas. A práctica é a aplicación da teoría ás necesidades; é a práctica a que prega a arte e a ciencia á natureza dos materiais, ao clima, aos costumes dunha época, ás necesidades dun período</i>" (da voz "Architecture").</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adolf_Loos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adolf Loos">Adolf Loos</a></b> ("<i>Arquitectura</i>", <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1910?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1910">1910</a>) "<i>A casa debe agradar a todos, a diferenza da obra de arte que non ten por que gustar a ninguén. A obra de arte é un asunto privado do artista. A casa non o é. A obra de arte sitúase no mundo sen que exista esixencia algunha que a obrigase a nacer. A casa cobre unha esixencia. (...) A obra de arte é revolucionaria, a casa é conservadora. (...) non será que a casa non ten nada que ver coa arte e que a arquitectura non debese contarse entre as artes? Así é. Só unha parte, moi pequena, da arquitectura corresponde ao dominio da arte: o monumento funerario e o conmemorativo. Todo o demais, todo o que ten unha finalidade hai que excluílo do imperio da arte</i>".</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Corbusier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></b> (<i>Vers une Architecture</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1923?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1923">1923</a>) "<i>A arquitectura está máis aló dos feitos utilitarios. A arquitectura é un feito plástico. (...) A arquitectura é o xogo sabio, correcto, magnífico dos volumes baixo a luz. (...) O seu significado e a súa tarefa non é só reflectir a construción e absorber unha función, se por función enténdese a da utilidade pura e simple, a do confort e a elegancia práctica. A arquitectura é arte no seu sentido máis elevado, é orde matemática, é teoría pura, harmonía completa grazas á exacta proporción de todas as relacións: esta é a "función" da arquitectura</i>".</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nikolaus_Pevsner&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nikolaus Pevsner (a páxina aínda non existe)">Nikolaus Pevsner</a></b> (<i>An outline of European Architecture</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1945?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1945">1945</a>) "<i>Un alpendre para bicicletas é un edificio; a catedral de Lincoln, unha obra de arquitectura (...) o termo arquitectura aplícase só aos edificios proxectados en función dunha aparencia estética</i>".</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Kahn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Kahn">Louis Kahn</a></b> (dunha conferencia no Politécnico de Milán, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1967?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1967">1967</a>) "<i>Ante todo debo dicir que a arquitectura non existe. Existe unha obra de arquitectura. E unha obra de arquitectura é unha oferta á arquitectura na esperanza de que esta obra poida converterse en parte do tesouro da arquitectura. Non todos os edificios son arquitectura (...) O programa que se recibe e a tradución arquitectónica que se lle dá deben vir do espírito do home e non das instrucións materiais</i>".</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gilles_Ivain&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gilles Ivain (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gilles Ivain</a></b> (<i>Formulario para un novo urbanismo</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1958?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1958">1958</a>) "<i>A arquitectura é a forma máis sinxela de artellar o tempo e o espazo, de modular a realidade, de facer soñar. Non só é unha articulación e unha modulación plásticas, que son a expresión dunha beleza pasaxeira, senón tamén unha modulación influencial, que se inscribe na curva eterna dos desexos humanos e dos progresos na materialización de devanditos desexos</i>".</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eduardo_Carretero&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eduardo Carretero (a páxina aínda non existe)">Eduardo Carretero</a></b> (<i>Fragmentos dun credo apócrifo</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005">2005</a>) "<i>(A arquitectura) non é importante en sí mesma. Importa por canto provoca, por canto inflúe nas nosas accións, por canto invita ao soño lúcido e ao encontro cos aspectos esquecidos da existencia (...) (importa) como vehículo de coñecemento, como axente de liberación (...) unha arquitectura non percibida é inexistente (...) anticipación e recordo son as facultades que a sitúan no tempo, ausencia e presenza as calidades físicas que a sitúan no espazo, (...) é o acto de proclamar a realidade posible</i>".</li> <li><b><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Vinatier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ernesto Vinatier (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ernesto Vinatier</a></b> (<i>O deseño urbano e a arquitectura para a sustentabilidade do home na súa contorna</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007">2007</a>) A Arquitectura é a expresión humana que nace da necesidade de crear percepcións, mediante a transformación do espazo, manipulando elementos da súa contorna. Reflicte a ideoloxía, o espírito da sociedade e a cultura na que se atopa inmersa durante a súa creación e que transcende polas súas calidades a través do tempo, conmovendo o espírito do home.</li> </ul> <p>En xeral, todos os grandes Arquitectos do <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século XX">século XX</a>, entre os que podemos mencionar a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mies_van_der_Rohe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mies van der Rohe">Mies van der Rohe</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Corbusier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Kahn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Kahn">Louis Kahn</a> ou <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alvar_Aalto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alvar Aalto">Alvar Aalto</a>, deron ao seu oficio unha definición distinta, enfocando a súa finalidade de xeito diferente. Moi interesante como compendio e reflexión sobre as diversas definicións de arquitectura ao longo da historia é a obra do crítico italiano <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruno_Zevi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruno Zevi">Bruno Zevi</a> "Architectura in Nuce".</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Introdución_e_orixe"><span id="Introduci.C3.B3n_e_orixe"></span>Introdución e orixe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Introdución e orixe»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg/200px-Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg/200px-Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg/300px-Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg/400px-Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> O <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coliseo_de_Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coliseo de Roma">Coliseo de Roma</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italia">Italia</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>De acordo a un traballo moi antigo sobre a materia, <i>De Architectura</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vitruvio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitruvio">Vitruvio</a>; un bo edificio ten que ter Beleza (<i>venustas</i>), Firmeza (<i>firmitas</i>) e Utilidade (<i>utilitas</i>); a arquitectura pode ser descrita como unha mestura entre eses tres elementos, xunto con outros máis poderosos. Unha definición de actualidade ve á arquitectura como un compoñente estético, estrutural e funcional. Non obstante, mirado doutro xeito, a súa función, pode ser vista englobando todos eses criterios, incluíndo a estética e os filosóficos.</p> <p>A arquitectura é un campo multidisciplinario, que inclúe as <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matem%C3%A1ticas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matemáticas">matemáticas</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciencia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciencia">ciencia</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arte">arte</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tecnolox%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tecnoloxía">tecnoloxía</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciencias_sociais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciencias sociais">ciencias sociais</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Política">política</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historia">historia</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filosofía">filosofía</a>, e outras. En palabras de Vitruvio, "A arquitectura é unha ciencia, levando consigo outras ciencias, e adornada con moito e variado aprendizaxe: pola axuda do cal fórmase un xuízo daqueles traballos que son o resultado doutras artes. El engade que un arquitecto debería estar moi ben formado en campos como a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Música">música</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronomía">astronomía</a> etc. e na <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filosofía">filosofía</a> en particular. De feito, o <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Racionalismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Racionalismo">Racionalismo</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Empiricismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Empiricismo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Empiricismo</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estruturalismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Estruturalismo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Estruturalismo</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Postestruturalismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Postestruturalismo">postestruturalismo</a> e <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fenomenolox%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fenomenoloxía">fenomenoloxía</a> son algunhas direccións da filosofía que influíron na arquitectura.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Teoría_e_práctica"><span id="Teor.C3.ADa_e_pr.C3.A1ctica"></span>Teoría e práctica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Teoría e práctica»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Moitos arquitectos pensan que a relevancia da Teoría sobre a Práctica non debe ser moi enfatizada. Vitruvio dixo: " A Práctica e Teoría son os pais da Arquitectura. A Práctica é a frecuente e continua contemplación do xeito de executar calquera traballo dado, ou do mero traballo das mans, para a conversión do material no mellor e máis preparado camiño. A Teoría é o resultado do razoamento o cal demostra e explica que o material traballado foi tan transformado para cumprir o seu fin proposto. Porque o arquitecto soamente práctico non é capaz de asignar os suficientes razoamentos ás formas que el adopta; e o arquitecto soamente teórico tamén erra, abarcando a sombra en vez da substancia. O que é teórico e ó mesmo tempo práctico, está polo tanto, dobremente armado; e é capaz de probar, non só as propiedades do seu deseño, senón tamén de levalo ata a execución.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Arquitectura_e_edificios">Arquitectura e edificios</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Arquitectura e edificios»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>A diferenza entre arquitectura e edificio é un tema subxectivo que chamou e chama a atención de moitos. De acordo a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nikolaus_Pevsner&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nikolaus Pevsner (a páxina aínda non existe)">Nikolaus Pevsner</a>, historiador europeo do <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século XX">século XX</a>, "un aparcadoiro de bicicletas é un edificio, a Catedral de Lincoln é unha peza de arquitectura". Mais, a división non está tan clara. O "Arquitectura sen arquitectos" de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Rudofsky&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bernard Rudofsky (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bernard Rudofsky</a> consolidou un enteiro rango de estruturas deseñadas por xente corrente nun reino da arquitectura. Co tempo vaise consensuando o que a arquitectura é ou non é, moi posíbel porque o tempo é un filtro moi eficiente. Se como Vitruvio consideramos a arquitectura como un bo edificio, logo iso quere dicir que a mala arquitectura non existe?. Para resolver esta dúbida, especialmente co aumento do número de edificios no mundo de hoxe, a arquitectura pode ser definida como o que fai o arquitecto. Isto emprazaría a énfase sobre a arquitectura e do arquitecto.</p> <p>A Arquitectura é tamén a arte de deseñar as construcións que rodean ós humanos. Edificios, paisaxe, e deseños das rúas poden ser usados para impartir tanto a funcionalidade como a estética dun proxecto. A elección dos materiais e das cores poden ser usados para mellorar ou mesturar edificios coa paisaxe. Algunhas características da Arquitectura como cornixas, entrantes, tratamentos e cantos das xanelas poden ser usadas ás veces para suavizar ou mellorar porcións dun edificio. A paisaxe pode ser usada para crear privacidade e manter vistas desde ou cara a un lugar, ou mellorar os edificios con plantas de cores e árbores. As características das rúas como a luz decorativa, os bancos, os pasos dos peóns e liñas de bicicletas poden mellorar e realzar un proxecto para peóns, transeúntes e ciclistas.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Historia_da_arquitectura">Historia da arquitectura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Historia da arquitectura»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="detail principal"> <dl> <dd> <span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historia_da_arquitectura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historia da arquitectura">Historia da arquitectura</a>.</span></span> </dd> </dl> </div> <p>A arquitectura primeiro desenvolveuse entre as necesidades (seguridade, traballo,...) e os medios. A arquitectura prehistórica e primitiva constitúe esta temperá fase. Como os humanos progresaron e o coñecemento comezou a ser transmitido polas tradicións orais e prácticas, a arquitectura pasou a ser unha arte. O arquitecto non é a única figura; el é tan só unha parte da tradición. Isto é o que hoxe chamamos Arquitectura Vernacular, e aínda segue a ser dito en moitas partes do mundo.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Hampi1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hampi1.jpg/220px-Hampi1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 346px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hampi1.jpg/220px-Hampi1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="346" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Hampi1.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templo_Hampi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templo Hampi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Templo Hampi</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Os antigos asentamentos humanos foron esencialmente rurais. Coa chegada da produción comezaron a transformarse en sociedades urbanos, e os cidadáns empezaron a evolucionar. En moitas civilizacións antigas coma os <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antigo_Exipto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antigo Exipto">Exipcios</a> e <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesopotamia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotámicos</a>, a arquitectura e o urbanismo reflectiron o constante relación co divino e o sobrenatural. Non obstante, a arquitectura e o <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanismo">urbanismo</a> das civilizacións clásicas coma os gregos e os romanos evolucionaron cunhas ideas máis cívicas e emerxeron moitos novos tipos de edificios. Os estilos arquitectónicos desenvolvéronse e comezáronse a escribir textos sobre arquitectura. Isto fixo que as regras se seguiran fortemente, sobre todo na arquitectura relixiosa. Algúns exemplos destas regras ou tratados son os traballos de Vitruvio, Kaogongji na <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República Popular da China">China</a> antiga e Vaastu Shastra na antiga <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a>. Na <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a>, no período clásico e medieval, os edificios non foron atribuídos a arquitectos individualmente, os cales permanecían anónimos. Os artistas crearon gremios para a organización do comercio. Ademais, a complexidade e a variedade dos edificios foi en aumento. As construcións civís como as estradas ou as pontes comezaron a realizarse. Emerxeron moitos tipos de edificios novos como escolas e hospitais.</p> <p>A arquitectura islámica por si mesma merece unha mención especial. O termo de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura_Isl%C3%A1mica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arquitectura Islámica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Arquitectura Islámica</a> pode ser entendida de moitos xeitos. Pero quizais un conciso modo de definila podería ser que a Arquitectura Islámica é simplemente a arquitectura das características das predominantes sociedades Islámicas tan ben como arquitecturas similares doutos lugares.</p> <p>Usando esta definición, a Arquitectura Islámica ten unha longa e complexa historia comezando desde o século VII ata os nosos días. Os exemplos poden ser atopados por todos os países que son, ou foron, Islámicos -desde Marrocos e España ata Irán ou Indonesia. Outros exemplos poden ser atopados en áreas onde os musulmáns son unha minoría. A Arquitectura Islámica inclúe <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesquita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesquita">mesquitas</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrasa">madrasas</a>, palacios e <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mausoleo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mausoleo">mausoleos</a> desta gran rexión.</p> <p>Co <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renacemento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renacemento">Renacemento</a> e o seu énfase na home individual e na humanidade máis que na relixión, e sobre todo cos adiantos e descubertas, unha nova era comezou. Os edificios foron referidos a arquitectos en concreto -<a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michelangelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brunelleschi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelleschi">Brunelleschi</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>- e o culto ó individual empezara. Mais non houbo liña de división entre artista, arquitecto e enxeñeiro. Nesta etapa, era posíbel para un artista o deseñar unha ponte mediante os cálculos das estruturas que foran descubertos.</p> <p>Coa consolidación do coñecemento nos campos científicos como a enxeñería e a descuberta de novos materiais e tecnoloxía, o arquitecto comezou a perder peso nos aspectos técnicos dos edificios. El, polo tanto, centrou o seu traballo noutro campo, o estético. Alzouse a figura do "Señor Arquitecto", o cal adoitaba tratar con importantes clientes derivados usualmente desde prototipos históricos. No século XIX a Escola das Belas Artes en <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francia">Francia</a>, a preparación enfocábase na produción de esbozos sinxelos, os cales implicaban debuxos rápidos sen moita énfase no contexto.</p> <p>Mentres tanto, a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Industrial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolución Industrial">Revolución Industrial</a> abriu as portas ó consumo masivo e a estética empezou a se converter nun aspecto seguido incluso pola clase media, como por exemplo, os produtos ornamentais, e en xeral todo o relacionado co mundo da arte converteuse máis barato coa chegada da produción masiva con maquinaria. Aínda que estes produtos non tiñan a beleza e honestidade asociada coa produción individual do produto.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg/220px-Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1681"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 181px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg/220px-Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="181" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg/330px-Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg/440px-Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taj_Mahal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agra,_India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agra, India">Agra</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>A insatisfacción coa situación xeral no século XX fixo que apareceran moitas novas correntes de pensamento, que na arquitectura serviron como precursores da <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitectura_Moderna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arquitectura Moderna">Arquitectura Moderna</a>. Compre destacar o <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a>, formado en <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1907?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1907">1907</a> para producir máquinas de mellor calidade que fixeran produtos. O alzamento da profesión de deseño industrial está tamén situada neste tempo. E seguindo esta corrente, a escola <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bauhaus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a>, fundada na <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alemaña">Alemaña</a> no <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1919?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1919">1919</a>, que rexeitaba a historia e miraba á arquitectura como unha síntese da <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arte">arte</a> e a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tecnolox%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tecnoloxía">tecnoloxía</a>.</p> <p>Cando a arquitectura moderna comezou a practicarse, apareceu o "avant-garde", movemento con moral, filosofía e estética. A verdade foi procurada rexeitando a historia e cambiando a función coma un xerador da forma. Os arquitectos convertéronse en figuras prominentes. Logo a arquitectura moderna mudouse ó mundo da produción en masa debido á súa simpleza e economía.</p> <p>Porén, un reduto de calidade empezou a se percibir na arquitectura moderna polo público xeral nos sesenta. Algúns motivos citados por este movemento son a carencia de significado, a esterilidade, fealdade, uniformidade e efectos psicolóxicos.</p> <p>Os profesionais da arquitectura deron resposta a isto facendo unha arquitectura máis popular no campo da visión, incluso a expensas de sacrificar a profundidade pola superficialidade, un movemento chamado <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Posmodernismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Posmodernismo">Posmodernismo</a>.</p> <p>Outra parte da profesión, e algúns que non eran arquitectos, respondeu indo ó que eles consideraban o máis importante do problema. Eles sentían que a arquitectura non era unha filosofía persoal ou estética para individualistas; máis ben tiña que considerar as necesidades de cada día da xente e usar a tecnoloxía para conseguir un ambiente máis habitábel. O <b>Movemento da Metodoloxía do Deseño</b> envolveu xente como Chis Jones, Christofher Alexanter, que comezaron a buscar un modelo de deseño máis exclusivo de xeito que así conseguiran un mellor produto. Fixéronse intensos estudos nas áreas como o comportamento, o ambiente, e ciencias sociais e empezaron a informar sobre o proceso do deseño.</p> <p>Como outros aspectos comezaron a recoñecerse e a complexidade dos edificios comezou a elevarse en termos como os servizos, a arquitectura comezou a converterse máis multidisciplinaria que nunca. A arquitectura require agora un equipo de profesionais, sendo o arquitecto un entre eles, ás veces o líder, outras non. Este é o estado da profesión hoxe. Non obstante, o individualismo segue aínda a ser visto nalgúns edificios, os cales son vistos coma símbolos -o museo ou os centros de artes refinadas son agora zonas para novos experimentos dentro do campo do estilo: hoxe a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Desconstruci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Desconstrución (a páxina aínda non existe)">desconstrución</a>, mañá quizais algúns outro máis.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">A <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Portada" class="extiw" title="q:Portada">Galicitas</a> posúe citas sobre: <i><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Inscrici%25C3%25B3ns_en_monumentos_notorios" class="extiw" title="q:Inscricións en monumentos notorios">Arquitectura</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Wikimedia Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia na categoría: <i><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Architecture" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Architecture">Arquitectura</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271" title="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" data-alt="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><cite class="citation book"><i>Vocabulaire de l'architecture (principes d'analyse scientifique)</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en francés)</span>. Paris: Ministère des Affaires culturelles. 1972.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AArquitectura&rft.btitle=Vocabulaire+de+l%27architecture+%28principes+d%27analyse+scientifique%29&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Minist%C3%A8re+des+Affaires+culturelles&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie_P%C3%A9rouse_de_Montclos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jean-Marie Pérouse de Montclos (a páxina aínda non existe)">Jean-Marie Pérouse de Montclos</a> (1982). Imprimerie nationale, ed. <i>Architecture : vocabulaire et méthode</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en francés)</span>. París.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AArquitectura&rft.au=Jean-Marie+P%C3%A9rouse+de+Montclos&rft.btitle=Architecture+%3A+vocabulaire+et+m%C3%A9thode&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Par%C3s&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Acevedo, Jesús T.: <i>Disertaciones de un arquitecto</i>. Pròleg de Justino Fernández México, INBA, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1967?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1967">1967</a>.</li> <li>Aguirre, Alberto: "Una Arquitectura de Vocación Humana". Revista PROA Núm. 293.</li> <li>Allaback, Sara: <i>The First American Women Architects</i>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2008">2008</a>.</li> <li>Ambaz, Emilio: <i>The architecture of Luis Barragán</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>, The Museum of Art, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1976?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1976">1976</a>.</li> <li>Armheim, Rudolf: <i>La forma visual de l'arquitectura. The Dynamics of Architectural Form</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Os_%C3%81nxeles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Os Ánxeles">Os Ánxeles</a> - <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1977?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1977">1977</a>.</li> <li>Bamford Smith, Clive: <i>Builders in the Sun, Five Mexican Architects</i>. Pròleg de José Villagrán García. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>, Architectural Books, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1967?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1967">1967</a>.</li> <li>Betteles, Almut E. I. & Li Yuxiang: Traditional Architecture in China: Traditional Baukunst. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berna">Berna</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%ADza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suíza">Suíza</a>: Benteli Verlag, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2002?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2002">2002</a>.</li> <li>Bruschi, Arnaldo: <i>Bramante architetto</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bari">Bari</a>: Edizioni Laterza, 2ª ed., <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1985?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1985">1985</a>.</li> <li>Bulrich, Francisco: <i>New Directions in Latin American Architecture</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>, George Brazillier, 1990.</li> <li>Camón Aznar, José: <i>L'arquitectura y la orfebrería españolas del siglo XVI</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>: <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Editorial_Espasa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Editorial Espasa (a páxina aínda non existe)">Espasa-Calpe</a>, 6ª ed., 1987.</li> <li>Cervera Vera, Luis: <i>Arquitectura renacentista</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zaragoza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>: <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Editorial_Planeta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editorial Planeta">Editorial Planeta</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1986?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1986">1986</a>.</li> <li>Chueca Goitia, Fernando: <i>Arquitectura del siglo XVI</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>: Plus-Ultra, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1953?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1953">1953</a>.</li> <li>Cole, Doris: <i>From Tipi to Skyscraper; A History of Women in Architecture</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>: G. Braziller, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1973?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1973">1973</a>.</li> <li>De Fusco, R.: <i>L'architettura del Quattrocento</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Torino">Torino</a>: Editorial Torinese, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1984?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1984">1984</a>.</li> <li>Donaldson, Thomas L.: <i>A Preliminary Discourse on Architecture</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gran_Breta%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gran Bretaña">Gran Bretaña</a>: Taylor and Walton, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1842?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1842">1842</a>.</li> <li>Elbouri, Tarek i Critchlow, Keith (<a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1993?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1993">1993</a>): <i>Islamic Art and Architecture: The System Of Geometric Design</i>. Grnet Publishing Limited, Reading, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gran_Breta%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gran Bretaña">Gran Bretaña</a>.</li> <li>Eisenman <i>et al.</i>: <i>Five Architects</i>. Eisenman, Graves, Gwathmey, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Hejduk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Hejduk">Hejduk</a>, Meier. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1975?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1975">1975</a>, pp. 138.</li> <li>Fergusson, James: <i>A History of Architecture in All Countries, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day</i>. 3 vols. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a>: J. Murray, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1865?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1865">1865</a>-<a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1867?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1867">1867</a>.</li> <li>Fernández Alba, Antonio: <i>La Metrópoli Vacía. Aurora y Crepúsculo de l'Arquitectura en la Ciudad Moderna</i>. Col·lecció Palabra plástica (Núm. 14), dirixida por José Fernández Arenas. Ed. Anthropos. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. 1990.</li> <li>Glusberg, Jorge: <i>Seis Arquitectos Mexicanos</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buenos_Aires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Ediciones de Arte Gaglianone, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1984?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1984">1984</a>.</li> <li>Gómez Mayorga, Mauricio: <i>Ensayos críticos de arquitectura</i>. Guadalajara, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1977?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1977">1977</a>.</li> <li>Grau, Cristina: <i>Borges y l'Arquitectura</i>. (Segona edició). Ediciones Cátedra, S.A. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1995?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1995">1995</a>.</li> <li>Gutiérrez, Ramón: <i>Arquitectura y urbanismo en Iberoamérica</i>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Cátedra, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1983?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1983">1983</a>.</li> <li>Harvey, J.: <i>The Master Builders. Architecture in the Middle Ages</i>. Thames & Hudson, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1973?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1973">1973</a>.</li> <li>Hess, Alan: <i>Hyperwest: American Residential Architecture on the Edge</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>/<a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a>: Whitney Library of Design/TJhames and Hudson, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1996?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1996">1996</a>.</li> <li>Heydenreich, Ludwig H. i Lotz, Wolfgang: <i>Arquitectura en Italia, 1400-1600</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>: Ediciones Cátedra, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a>.</li> <li>Hitchcock, Henry-Russell: <i>Latin American Architecture since 1945</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>, Museum of Modern Art. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1955?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1955">1955</a>.</li> <li>Lekson, Stephen H. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1986?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1986">1986</a>. Great Pueblo Architecture of Chaco Canyon, Novo México. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.</li> <li>Lorenz, Clare: <i>Women in Architecture: A Contemporary Perspective</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>: Rizzoli, 1990.</li> <li>Murray, Peter: <i>Arquitectura del Renacimiento</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>: Aguilar, 1ª ed., 1972.</li> <li>Nabokov, Peter i Robert Easton. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1989?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1989">1989</a>. Native American Architecture. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Nieto Alcaide, Víctor i altres: <i>Arquitectura del renacimiento en España 1488-1599</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>: Ediciones Cátedra, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1989?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1989">1989</a>.</li> <li>Rudofsky, Bernard. 1987. Architecture Without Architects: A Short Introduction to non-Pedigreed Architecture. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.</li> <li>Sharp, Dennis., ed.: <i>Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>: Whitney Library of Design, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a>.</li> <li>Tafuri, Manfredo: <i>L'arquitectura del humanismo</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>: Xarait Ediciones, 1ª ed., <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1978?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1978">1978</a>.</li> <li>Tafuri, Manfredo: <i>Sobre el Renacimiento. Principios, ciudades, arquitectos</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>: Ediciones Cátedra, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1995?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1995">1995</a>.</li> <li>Velasco León, Ernesto: <i>Cómo acercarse a… L'arquitectura</i>. Limusa. Noriega Editores. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cidade_de_M%C3%A9xico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cidade de México">Cidade de México</a>, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2001?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2001">2001</a>.</li> <li>Vélez González, Roberto: <i>Conceptos básicos para un arquitecto</i>. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9xico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="México">México</a>, Editorial Trillas, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003">2003</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Outros_artigos">Outros artigos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Outros artigos»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%B3rreo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hórreo">Hórreo</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pazo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pazo">Pazo</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectos_famosos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arquitectos famosos (a páxina aínda non existe)">Arquitectos famosos</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premio_Pritzker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premio Pritzker">Premio Pritzker</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929185718/http://www.galiciaxxi.com/">Galicia na Arquitectura XXI</a></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Traído desde «<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DArquitectura%26oldid%3D6669824">https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&oldid=6669824</a>» </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Breobot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1709977220"> <span>Última edición o 9 de marzo de 2024 ás 09:40</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Linguas</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argitektuur" title="Argitektuur – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Argitektuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektur" title="Architektur – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Architektur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%25A5%25E1%258A%2590_%25E1%2588%2595%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258C%25BB" title="ሥነ ሕንጻ – amhárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ሕንጻ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arquitectura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9" title="عمارة – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="هندسة معمارية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هندسة معمارية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587" title="عماره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عماره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF" title="স্থাপত্য – assamés" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="স্থাপত্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquiteutura" title="Arquiteutura – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arquiteutura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegeduropa" title="Vegeduropa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vegeduropa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memarl%25C4%25B1q" title="Memarlıq – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Memarlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2582" title="معمارلیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="معمارلیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – baxkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektua" title="Architektua – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Architektua" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%25C4%2597tekt%25C5%25ABra" title="Arkėtektūra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arkėtektūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архітэктура – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Архітэктура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архітэктура – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Архітэктура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancang_gedong" title="Rancang gedong – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Rancang gedong" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="आर्किटेक्चर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आर्किटेक्चर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekisa" title="Arkitekisa – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Arkitekisa" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF" title="স্থাপত্য – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্থাপত্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2581%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BE%25A9%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2596%25E0%25BD%259F%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2582" title="ཁང་རྩིག་བཟོ་རིག – tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁང་རྩིག་བཟོ་རིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF" title="স্থাপত্য – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="স্থাপত্য" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savouriezh" title="Savouriezh – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Savouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektura" title="Arhitektura – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0" title="Уран барилга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уран барилга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arquitectura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%25C3%25B3ng-d%25C3%25A9%25CC%25A4%25E1%25B9%25B3k-h%25C5%258Fk" title="Gióng-dé̤ṳk-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gióng-dé̤ṳk-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C" title="نژیاروانی – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نژیاروانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architittura" title="Architittura – corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Architittura" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektura" title="Architektura – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Architektura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektura" title="Architektura – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Architektura" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensaern%25C3%25AFaeth" title="Pensaernïaeth – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pensaernïaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektur" title="Arkitektur – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektur" title="Architektur – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Architektur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CF%2581%25CF%2587%25CE%25B9%25CF%2584%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BA%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE" title="Αρχιτεκτονική – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχιτεκτονική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Architecture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekturo" title="Arkitekturo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arkitekturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arquitectura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektuur" title="Arhitektuur – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arhitektuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitetura" title="Arquitetura – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Arquitetura" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="معماری – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معماری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkkitehtuuri" title="Arkkitehtuuri – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arkkitehtuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehit%25C3%25BCskunst" title="Ehitüskunst – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ehitüskunst" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Architecture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%25C2%25B7it%25C3%25A8ctura" title="Arch·itèctura – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Arch·itèctura" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baukonst" title="Baukonst – frisón setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Baukonst" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architeture" title="Architeture – friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Architeture" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boukeunst" title="Boukeunst – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boukeunst" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailtireacht" title="Ailtireacht – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ailtireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AF%2589%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="建築學 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="建築學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larchit%25C3%25A8ktir" title="Larchitèktir – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Larchitèktir" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailtireachd" title="Ailtireachd – gaélico escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ailtireachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="معماری – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="معماری" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogapokuaa" title="Jogapokuaa – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jogapokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-obbrinys" title="Ard-obbrinys – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ard-obbrinys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatun_zanen_gine-gine" title="Karatun zanen gine-gine – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Karatun zanen gine-gine" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2593%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%259B%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA" title="אדריכלות – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדריכלות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="वास्तुकला – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वास्तुकला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Architecture" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektura" title="Arhitektura – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achitekti" title="Achitekti – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Achitekti" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589p%25C3%25ADt%25C3%25A9szet" title="Építészet – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Építészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2583%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Ճարտարապետություն – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճարտարապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2583%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25AB%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Ճարտարապետութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճարտարապետութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectura" title="Architectura – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Architectura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur" title="Arsitektur – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arsitektur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectura" title="Architectura – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Architectura" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – inguxo" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekturo" title="Arkitekturo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arkitekturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byggingarlist" title="Byggingarlist – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Byggingarlist" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura" title="Architettura – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Architettura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2590%2583%25E1%2592%25A1%25E1%2593%2597%25E1%2595%2590%25E1%2594%25AA%25E1%2590%258A%25E1%2591%25A6_%25E1%2590%258B%25E1%2596%2585%25E1%2591%25AD%25E1%2592%2583%25E1%2593%25AF%25E1%2592%25AA%25E1%2593%2582%25E1%2596%258F%25E1%2591%25A6" title="ᐃᒡᓗᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᒡᓗᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AF%2589" title="建築 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="建築" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachitecha" title="Aachitecha – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aachitecha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsit%25C3%25A8ktur" title="Arsitèktur – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Arsitèktur" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590" title="არქიტექტურა – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არქიტექტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasegda" title="Tasegda – cabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasegda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D3%2599%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582" title="Сәулет – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сәулет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilusilersugaaneq" title="Ilusilersugaaneq – kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Ilusilersugaaneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B5%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25A4%25E0%25B3%2581%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ವಾಸ್ತುಕಲೆ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಸ್ತುಕಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B1%25B4%25EC%25B6%2595" title="건축 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="건축" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D9%258E%25D9%2586%25D9%2590_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D9%2596%25D8%25B1" title="فَنِ تعمیٖر – caxemirés" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فَنِ تعمیٖر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caxemirés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avah%25C3%25AEsaz%25C3%25AE" title="Avahîsazî – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Avahîsazî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennserneth" title="Pennserneth – córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pennserneth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectura" title="Architectura – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Architectura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektur" title="Architektur – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Architektur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arciteta" title="Arciteta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arciteta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectuur" title="Architectuur – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Architectuur" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architett%25C3%25BBa" title="Architettûa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Architettûa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architetura" title="Architetura – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Architetura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2596%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%258D%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25B3" title="ສະຖາປັດຕະຍະກຳ – laosiano" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະຖາປັດຕະຍະກຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architekt%25C5%25ABra" title="Architektūra – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Architektūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitekt%25C5%25ABra" title="Arhitektūra – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arhitektūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258C" title="Архитектурась – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Архитектурась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritrano" title="Maritrano – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Maritrano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580" title="Архитектур – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Архитектур" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur" title="Arsitektur – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Arsitektur" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF" title="വാസ്തുവിദ്യ – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാസ്തുവിദ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580" title="Архитектур – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Архитектур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A8%25EA%25AF%259D%25EA%25AF%2581%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259F" title="ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="वास्तुशास्त्र – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वास्तुशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_bina" title="Seni bina – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seni bina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitettura" title="Arkitettura – maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Arkitettura" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitetura" title="Arquitetura – mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Arquitetura" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2597%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%258A%25E1%2580%25AC" title="ဗိသုကာပညာ – birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗိသုကာပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura" title="Architettura – napolitano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Architettura" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektuur" title="Architektuur – baixo alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Architektuur" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouwkeunst" title="Bouwkeunst – baixo saxón" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bouwkeunst" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo saxón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="आर्किटेक्चर – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आर्किटेक्चर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectuur" title="Architectuur – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Architectuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektur" title="Arkitektur – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektur" title="Arkitektur – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekture" title="Arkitekture – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Arkitekture" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectuthe" title="Architectuthe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Architectuthe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arquitectura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektuuru" title="Arhitektuuru – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Arhitektuuru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25C3%25A6" title="Архитектурæ – ossetio" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Архитектурæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2589%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25BE" title="ਉਸਾਰੀ ਕਲਾ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਸਾਰੀ ਕਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekture" title="Arkitekture – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Arkitekture" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitectura" title="Arkitectura – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Arkitectura" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitecture" title="Arkitecture – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Arkitecture" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarkitekchur" title="Aarkitekchur – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Aarkitekchur" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektura" title="Architektura – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Architektura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architetura" title="Architetura – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Architetura" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1" title="فن تعمیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فن تعمیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A" title="معماري – paxto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="معماري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitetura" title="Arquitetura – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arquitetura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumaq_wasichay_kamay" title="Sumaq wasichay kamay – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sumaq wasichay kamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitectur%25C4%2583" title="Arhitectură – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arhitectură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitectur%25C3%25A2" title="Arhitecturâ – aromanés" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arhitecturâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архітектура – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Архітектура" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%258D" title="वास्तुशास्त्रम् – sánscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वास्तुशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sánscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – iacuto" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacuto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architetura" title="Architetura – sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Architetura" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architittura" title="Architittura – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Architittura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airchitectur" title="Airchitectur – escocés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Airchitectur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektura" title="Arhitektura – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B7%2598%25E0%25B7%2584_%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25AB_%25E0%25B7%2581%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය – cingalés" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Architecture" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architekt%25C3%25BAra" title="Architektúra – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Architektúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektura" title="Arhitektura – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvaki" title="Uvaki – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Uvaki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baukunst" title="Baukunst – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Baukunst" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsit%25C3%25A9ktur" title="Arsitéktur – sundanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Arsitéktur" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo recomendado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektur" title="Arkitektur – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usanifu_majengo" title="Usanifu majengo – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Usanifu majengo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauk%25C5%258Dnszt" title="Baukōnszt – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Baukōnszt" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%2588" title="கட்டடக்கலை – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டடக்கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AD%25E0%25B0%25B5%25E0%25B0%25A8_%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25A3_%25E0%25B0%25B6%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%2582" title="భవన నిర్మాణ శాస్త్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భవన నిర్మాణ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B5%25D1%258A%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D3%25A3" title="Меъморӣ – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Меъморӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2596%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1" title="สถาปัตยกรรม – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถาปัตยกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memar%25C9%2599ti" title="Memarəti – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Memarəti" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimarl%25C4%25B1k" title="Mimarlık – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mimarlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuaki" title="Vuaki – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vuaki" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архитектура – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Архитектура" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Архітектура – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Архітектура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1" title="فن تعمیر – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فن تعمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%25CA%25BCmorlik" title="Meʼmorlik – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Meʼmorlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architetura" title="Architetura – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Architetura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektur" title="Arhitektur – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Arhitektur" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%25E1%25BA%25BFn_tr%25C3%25BAc" title="Kiến trúc – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kiến trúc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumav" title="Bumav – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bumav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura" title="Arkitektura – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AF%2589%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="建築學 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="建築學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyilo_lwezakhiwo" title="Uyilo lwezakhiwo – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Uyilo lwezakhiwo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590" title="არქიტექტურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არქიტექტურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%25A8%25D7%259B%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A7%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8" title="ארכיטעקטור – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארכיטעקטור" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectuur" title="Architectuur – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Architectuur" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258E%25E2%25B5%2599%25E2%25B4%25B7%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B4%25B3%25E2%25B5%259C" title="ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ – tamazight marroquí estándar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight marroquí estándar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AD%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6" title="建筑学 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="建筑学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%25C3%25A0n-tio%25CC%258Dk-ha%25CC%258Dk" title="Kiàn-tio̍k-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiàn-tio̍k-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AF%2589%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="建築學 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="建築學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">A última edición desta páxina foi o 9 de marzo de 2024 ás 09:40.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Todo o contido está dispoñible baixo a licenza <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.gl">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, agás que se indique o contrario.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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