CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=9" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>The Tibetan and Himalayan Library</title> <meta http-equiv="imagetoolbar" content="no" /> <meta name="description" content="The Tibetan and Himalayan Library is a publisher of websites, information services, and networking facilities relating to the Tibetan plateau and southern Himalayan regions. THL promotes the integration of knowledge and community across the divides of academic disciplines, the historical and the contemporary, the religious and the secular, the global and the local." /> <meta name="keywords" content="" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/global/php/combineJS.php"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/global/css/thdl-style.css" type="text/css" media="all" title="no title" charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/global/js/thl-new-search.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/encyclopedias/literary/css/literary.css" media="all" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/encyclopedias/literary/js/literary.js"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var h = (window.location.hash).replace("#",""); if (h.indexOf("cat=") > -1) { window.location.href = "/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#" + h; } </script>   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5GRMG80Z2F"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5GRMG80Z2F'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="http://tcr.tynt.com/javascripts/Tracer.js?user=bkYnqgteur3PmQacn9QLxW&s=70"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/global/css/thdl-temp.css" media="all" /> </head> <body class="literature">   <p id="skip-links"><a href="#content" title="skip to content">Skip to main content</a></p> <div id="main-wrapper"> <div id="masthead-topbar"></div> <div id="body-wrapper"> <div id="masthead-banner"><h1>Tibetan and Himalayan Library - THL</h1> <div id="masthead-logo"><a href="/index.php" title="THL Homepage Link" ><img src="/global/images/logo-watermark-thl.png" width="40" height="40" alt="thl logo" /></a></div> <div id="masthead-title"><a href="/index.php" title="THL Homepage Link"><img src="/global/images/masthead-title-thl.gif" width="436" height="32" alt="THL Title Text" /></a></div> </div> <ul id="masthead-navbar"> <li class="home alpha"><a href="/"><em><b>Home</b></em></a></li> <li class="collections"><a href="/collections/"><em><b>Collections</b></em></a></li> <li class="reference"><a href="/reference/"><em><b>Reference</b></em></a></li> <li class="places"><a href="/places/"><em><b>Places</b></em></a></li> <li class="literature"><a href="/encyclopedias/literary"><em><b>Literature</b></em></a></li>  <li class="community"><a href="/community/"><em><b>Community</b></em></a></li> <li class="tools"><a href="/tools/"><em><b>Tools</b></em></a></li> <li class="projects"><a href="/projects/"><em><b>Projects</b></em></a></li> </ul> <div id="thl-translate"><a href="#" id="translate-this" onclick="return THLTibetanTranslationPlugin.translateSelectedText();" title="Translate selected text (Ctrl+Alt+?)"></a></div>   <div id="fxSitemap"> <div id="fxSitemapContent"> <div class="thlmenu-eng"> <div class="thlmenu"> <div class="sitemapHeader"> <p>Tibetan & Himalayan Library - Index</p> </div> <p id="closeSitemapX"><a href="#" class="sitemapAction" id="closeSitemap" style="background-image: url(/global/images/btn-closebox2.png);" title="close thl index">Close</a></p> <div class="thlmenu-border"> <table> <tr> <td class="header index-toprow"> <p> <a href="/">THL Home</a> </p> </td> <td class="index-toprow"> <p> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20about%20us.html" class="first-link">About Us</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20overview.html">THL Overview</a> <a href="/about/wiki/first%20time%20visitors.html">First-Time Visitors</a> <a href="/about/wiki/guide%20to%20thdl%20resources.html">Guide to Resources</a> <a href="/about/wiki/how%20to%20cite.html">How to Cite</a> <br/> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20help.html" class="first-link">Help</a> <a href="/about/wiki/how%20to%20participate.html">Participation & Support</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20sponsors.html">Sponsors</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20status%20reports.html">Status Reports</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20urls.html">THL URLs</a> <a href="/contact.php">Contact Us</a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/collections/">Collections</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://audio-video.shanti.virginia.edu/collection/tibetan-and-himalayan-library" target="_blank">Audio & Video Archive</a>  <a href="https://images.shanti.virginia.edu/collection/central-tibet-collections" target="_blank">Images</a>  <a href="/places/maps/collections/">Maps</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/">Texts</a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/reference/">Reference</a> </p> </td>  <td> <p> <a href="/reference/spt/SPT--BrowseResources.php?ParentId=42" class="first-link" >Bibliographies</a>  <a href="/community/thstudies/wiki/research%20finding%20aids.html">Finding Aids</a> <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/places" target="_blank">Places</a> <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/subjects/6403/overview/nojs" target="_blank">Subjects</a> <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/terms" target="_blank">Terms</a>  <br/> <a href="/reference/transliteration/" class="first-link">Transliteration</a>  <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/terms" target="_blank">Tibetan Dictionary</a>  <a href="/reference/dictionaries/tibetan-dictionary/translate.php" class="sub-link">Tibetan Translation Tool</a>  <br/> <a href="/reference/transliteration/phconverter.php" class="first-link" >Tibetan-Phonetics Converter</a> <a href="/reference/transliteration/wyconverter.php">Tibetan-Wylie Converter</a> </p> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/places/">Places</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="/places/culturalgeography/" target="_blank" class="first-link">Cultural Geography</a> <a href="/places/maps/interactive/">Interactive Map</a> <a href="/places/maps/collections/">Maps</a> <a href="/places/culturalgeography/nepal/census/">Nepal Census Data</a> <a href="http://places.thlib.org/" target="_blank">Place Dictionary</a> <br/> </p> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary">Literature</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/" class="first-link">Tibetan Canons</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/">Kangyur/Tengyur</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/ngb/">Collected Tantras of the Ancients</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/shechen/dkcw/catalog.php">Dilgo Khyentsé Catalog</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/genres/">Literary Genres</a> </p> </td> </tr>   <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/community/">Community</a> </p> </td> <td> <p>   <a href="/tools/wiki/thl%20collab%20worksites.html">Collaboration Worksites</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/community%20|amp|%20communication.html">Communication</a>   <a href="/bibliographies/wiki/discussion%20forums.html">Discussion Forums</a> <br/>    <a href="/about/wiki/thl%20partners.html">THL Partners</a> <a href="/community/thstudies/wiki/news%20for%20tibetan%20studies%20|amp|%20tibetans.html" >Tibetan News</a>  </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/tools/">Tools</a> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/tools/wiki/home.html" class="first-link">Toolbox</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/preparing%20your%20computer%20for%20thdl%20use.html">Prep Computer</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/tips%20on%20software%20|amp|%20operating%20systems.html" >Software</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/thl%20technologies%20|amp|%20open%20standards.html" >Technologies</a> <a href="/tools/sitewiki/32aa1fc8-5059-431d-9a65-7a8b13ec3415/home.html">THL Research Lab</a><br/> <a href="/tools/wiki/fonts%20|amp|%20related%20issues.html" class="parent-link first-link">Fonts:</a>(<a href="/tools/wiki/chinese%20fonts%20|amp|%20related%20issues.html" class="sub-link">Chinese</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/diacritic%20fonts.html" class="sub-link">Diacritics</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/nepali%20fonts%20|amp|%20related%20issues.html" class="sub-link">Nepali</a> <a href="/tools/scripts/wiki/home.html" class="sub-link-last">Tibetan </a>) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/projects/">Projects</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="/bellezza/" target="_blank" class="first-link">Antiquities of Zhangzhung</a> <a href="/places/monasteries/drepung/" target="_blank">Drepung Monastery</a> <a href="/collections/texts/jiats/" target="_blank">JIATS</a> <a href="/places/monasteries/meru-nyingpa/" target="_blank">Meru Nyingpa Monastery</a> <a href="/places/monasteries/sera/" target="_blank">Sera Monastery</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thl%20projects%20inventory.html" class="first-link" >Projects Inventory</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20status%20reports.html">Status Reports</a> </p> </td> </tr>  </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="openCloseSitemap"> <p id="sitemapLink"><a href="#sitemap" class="sitemapAction" style="background-image: url(/global/images/masthead-thl-index.png);" title="show thl index"></a></p> </div>  <div id="side-column"> <div id="gsearch">   <script type="text/javascript" src="/global/js/thl-google-se-new.js"> </script> <div id="cse-search-form" style="color: white;"> <gcse:searchbox></gcse:searchbox> </div> </div>  <div id="fxSideMenu"> <div id="fxSideMenuContent">   <h3 class="side-search-header"><a>Search</a></h3>  <form action="http://www.thlib.org/search-results.php" id="cse-search-box" class="side-search-form"> <div> <table id="side-search-wrapper"> <tr> <td> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="008495345227205106885:dgbqxts-b0m" /> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:11" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8" /> <input type="text" name="q" class="ss-text" /> </td> <td><input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" /></td> </tr> </table> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.google.com/coop/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box&lang=en"></script>  <div class="list0" id="list0"> <div class="list1" id="list1"> <h4 id="side-home-link"><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/" title="Literary Encyclopedia Home">Literary Home</a></h4> <h3 class="head"><a href="#nogo" title="">Tibetan Canons Project</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/index.php" title="">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/reference/spt/SPT--BrowseResources.php?ParentId=192" title="THL Canons Bibliographies">Bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="/collections/texts/jiats/#jiats=/issue05/" title="JIATS Canons Issue">JIATS Canons Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/about/wiki/tibetan%20canons%20overview.html" title="">Project Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/about/wiki/tibetan%20canons%20introduction.html" title="">Tibetan Canons Intro</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/about/wiki/tibetan%20canons%20status%20report.html" title="">Status</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/about/wiki/tibetan%20canons%20help.html" title="">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/about/wiki/tibetan%20canons%20about%20us.html" title="">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/about/wiki/tibetan%20canons%20how%20to%20participate.html" title="">How to Participate</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/about/wiki/tibetan%20canons%20sponsors.html" title="">Sponsors</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/about/wiki/tibetan%20canons%20how%20to%20cite.html" title="">How to Cite</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.php">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="head"><a href="#nogo" title="Kangyur">Kangyur</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/" title="Tibetan Canons: Kangyur and Tengyur">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/index.php#essay=/stanley/tibcanons/s/b12/" title="Structure of the Kangyur">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/index.php#essay=/stanley/tibcanons/s/b13/" title="Editions of the Kangyur">Editions</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=d/k" title="Master Edition of the Kangyur">Master Kangyur Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=d/k" title="Degé Edition of the Kangyur">Degé Kangyur Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=c/k" title="Choné Edition of the Kangyur">Choné Kangyur Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=n/k" title="Nartang Edition of the Kangyur">Nartang Kangyur Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=q/k" title="Peking Edition of the Kangyur">Peking Kangyur Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=h/k" title="Lhasa Edition of the Kangyur">Lhasa Kangyur Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=u/k" title="Urga Edition of the Kangyur">Urga Kangyur Catalog</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="head"><a href="#nogo" title="Tengyur">Tengyur</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/" title="Tibetan Canons: Kangyur and Tengyur">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/index.php#essay=/stanley/tibcanons/s/b22/" title="Structure of the Tengyur">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/index.php#essay=/stanley/tibcanons/s/b23/" title="Editions of the Tengyur">Editions</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=d/t" title="Master Edition of the Tengyur">Master Tengyur Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=d/t" title="Degé Edition of the Tengyur">Degé Tengyur Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=c/t" title="Choné Edition of the Tengyur">Choné Tengyur Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=n/t" title="Nartang Edition of the Tengyur">Nartang Tengyur Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/catalog.php#cat=q/t" title="Peking Edition of the Tengyur">Peking Tengyur Catalog</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="head"><a href="#nogo" title="Collected Tantras of the Ancients">Collected Tantras</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/ngb/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/wiki/introduction%20to%20the%20ngb.html" title="Introduction to the Collected Tantras">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/wiki/structure%20of%20the%20ngb.html" title="Structure of the Collected Tantras">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/ngb/index.php#cat=master" title="Master Edition of the Collected Tantras">Master Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/ngb/index.php#cat=bg" title="Collected Tantras of Vairocana">Collected Tantras of Vairocana</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/ngb/index.php#cat=dg" title="Degé Edition of the Collected Tantras">Degé Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/ngb/index.php#cat=tb" title="Tsamdrak Edition of the Collected Tantras">Tsamdrak Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/ngb/index.php#cat=tk" title="Tingkyé Edition of the Collected Tantras">Tingkyé Edition</a></li> </ul> <h4><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/shechen/dkcw/catalog.php" title="Dilgo Khyentse's Collected Works">Dilgo Khyentsé Catalog</a></h4> <h3 class="head"><a href="#nogo" title="Tibetan Literary Genres">Genres</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/genres/" title="Literary Genres Overview">Literary Genres Overview</a></li> <li><a href="http://subjects.thlib.org/categories/119/children" title="Literary Genres Knowledge Map">Literary Genres Knowledge Map</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/genres/genres-book.php" title="Tibetan Literature: Studies in Genre"><em>Studies in Genre</em> Book</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="global-links-hdr"><span>General Links</span></h3>  <h4><a href="/" title="The THL homepage">THL Home</a></h4> <h3 class="head global-links"><a href="#nogo" title="THL Apps">THL Apps</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://audio-video.shanti.virginia.edu/collection/tibetan-and-himalayan-library" title="THL Audio-Video Collections">Audio-Video</a></li> <li><a href="<https://images.shanti.virginia.edu/collections?title=Tibet" title="THL Image Collections">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/places/maps/interactive/" title="THL Interactive Map">Interactive Map</a></li> <li><a href="/collections/texts/jiats/" title="JIATS Journal" target="_blank">JIATS</a></li> <li><a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/subjects" title="Topical Knowledge Maps in THL">Knowledge Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/places/maps/collections/" title="THL Map Catalog">Map Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/places" title="The THL Place Dictionary">Place Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/terms" title="THL Tibetan Historical Dictionary">Tibetan Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/" title="THL Tibetan Texts Collection">Tibetan Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/reference/transliteration/phconverter.php" title="THL Tibetan Transcriber">Transcriber</a></li> <li><a href="/reference/dictionaries/tibetan-dictionary/translate.php" title="THL Tibetan Translation Tool">Translation Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/reference/transliteration/wyconverter.php" title="THL Tibetan Transliterator">Transliterator</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="head global-links"><a href="#nogo" title="Links to the main THL Portal Pages">THL Navigation</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Home page of the Tibetan & Himalayan Library">THL Home</a></li> <li><a href="/collections/" title="THL Collections Portal Page">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/reference/" title="THL Reference Portal Page">Reference</a></li> <li><a href="/places/" title="THL Places Portal Page">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/" title="THL Literature Portal Page">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/community/" title="THL Community Portal Page">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/tools/" title="THL Tools Portal Page">Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/projects/" title="THL Projects Portal Page">Projects</a></li> <li><a href="/collections/texts/jiats/" title="JIATS Journal" target="_blank">JIATS Journal</a></li>  </ul> <h3 class="head global-links"><a href="#nogo" title="Links to THL Information Pages">THL Information</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/#wiki=/tibstudies/news%20for%20tibetan%20studies%20|amp|%20tibetans.html" title="News for Tibetan Studies & Tibetans">Tibetan Studies News</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/#wiki=/about/thl%20projects%20inventory.html" title="Navigation link for projects">Projects Inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/#wiki=/about/how%20to%20cite.html">How to Cite</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/#wiki=/about/thdl%20home%20sponsors.html">Sponsors</a></li> </ul>  <h4><a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20help.html" title="Help in using THL resources and websites">THL Help</a></h4> <h3 class="head global-links"><a href="#" title="Directory Listing of Encyclopedias in THL">Encyclopedias</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/" title="Link to Encyclopedias Home Page">Encyclopedias Home</a></li>  <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/" title="">Literary</a></li>  </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="openCloseSideMenu"><a class="sideMenuAction" id="sideMenuLink"></a></div>     <div id="content"> <div class="shell-1"> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div class="container-left-4060"> <div class="tzr-box1 wikitext"> <a href="/access/wiki/site/0b308aa3-d044-469b-009a-d34c7841413d/tibetan%20canons%20kt%20-%20left1.html" class="wiki call"> </a> </div> <div class="tzr-box1 wikitext"> <a href="/access/wiki/site/0b308aa3-d044-469b-009a-d34c7841413d/tibetan%20canons%20kt%20-%20left2.html" class="wiki"> </a> </div> <div class="tzr-box1 wikitext"> <a href="/access/wiki/site/0b308aa3-d044-469b-009a-d34c7841413d/tibetan%20canons%20kt%20-%20left3.html" class="wiki"></a> </div> </div> <div class="container-right-4060"> <h1>Tibetan Canons: Kangyur and Tengyur </h1> <p class="bottom-line wikitext"> <a href="/access/wiki/site/0b308aa3-d044-469b-009a-d34c7841413d/tibetan%20canons%20kt%20-%20right1.html" class="wiki o2"></a> </p>  <div class="tzr-1 wikitext"> <a href="/access/wiki/site/0b308aa3-d044-469b-009a-d34c7841413d/tibetan%20canons%20kt%20-%20right2.html" class="wiki call o1"></a> </div>  </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <br class="clear" />  <div id="loading" class="clear">Loading... </div>  <br class="clear" />  <div id="loading" class="clear">Loading... </div>  <div style="position:relative;"> <div id="fxFooterSitemap"> <div id="fxFooterSitemapContent"> <div class="thlmenu-eng"> <div class="thlmenu"> <div class="sitemapHeader"> <p>Tibetan & Himalayan Library - Index</p> </div> <p id="closeFooterSitemapX"><a href="#" class="sitemapFooterAction" id="closeFooterSitemap" style="background-image: url(/global/images/btn-closebox2.png);" title="close thl index">Close</a></p> <div class="thlmenu-border"> <table> <tr> <td class="header index-toprow"> <p> <a href="/">THL Home</a> </p> </td> <td class="index-toprow"> <p> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20about%20us.html" class="first-link">About Us</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20overview.html">THL Overview</a> <a href="/about/wiki/first%20time%20visitors.html">First-Time Visitors</a> <a href="/about/wiki/guide%20to%20thdl%20resources.html">Guide to Resources</a> <a href="/about/wiki/how%20to%20cite.html">How to Cite</a> <br/> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20help.html" class="first-link">Help</a> <a href="/about/wiki/how%20to%20participate.html">Participation & Support</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20sponsors.html">Sponsors</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20status%20reports.html">Status Reports</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20urls.html">THL URLs</a> <a href="/contact.php">Contact Us</a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/collections/">Collections</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://audio-video.shanti.virginia.edu/collection/tibetan-and-himalayan-library" target="_blank">Audio & Video Archive</a>  <a href="https://images.shanti.virginia.edu/collection/central-tibet-collections" target="_blank">Images</a>  <a href="/places/maps/collections/">Maps</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/">Texts</a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/reference/">Reference</a> </p> </td>  <td> <p> <a href="/reference/spt/SPT--BrowseResources.php?ParentId=42" class="first-link" >Bibliographies</a>  <a href="/community/thstudies/wiki/research%20finding%20aids.html">Finding Aids</a> <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/places" target="_blank">Places</a> <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/subjects/6403/overview/nojs" target="_blank">Subjects</a> <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/terms" target="_blank">Terms</a>  <br/> <a href="/reference/transliteration/" class="first-link">Transliteration</a>  <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/terms" target="_blank">Tibetan Dictionary</a>  <a href="/reference/dictionaries/tibetan-dictionary/translate.php" class="sub-link">Tibetan Translation Tool</a>  <br/> <a href="/reference/transliteration/phconverter.php" class="first-link" >Tibetan-Phonetics Converter</a> <a href="/reference/transliteration/wyconverter.php">Tibetan-Wylie Converter</a> </p> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/places/">Places</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="/places/culturalgeography/" target="_blank" class="first-link">Cultural Geography</a> <a href="/places/maps/interactive/">Interactive Map</a> <a href="/places/maps/collections/">Maps</a> <a href="/places/culturalgeography/nepal/census/">Nepal Census Data</a> <a href="http://places.thlib.org/" target="_blank">Place Dictionary</a> <br/> </p> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary">Literature</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/" class="first-link">Tibetan Canons</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/">Kangyur/Tengyur</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/ngb/">Collected Tantras of the Ancients</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/shechen/dkcw/catalog.php">Dilgo Khyentsé Catalog</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/genres/">Literary Genres</a> </p> </td> </tr>   <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/community/">Community</a> </p> </td> <td> <p>   <a href="/tools/wiki/thl%20collab%20worksites.html">Collaboration Worksites</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/community%20|amp|%20communication.html">Communication</a>   <a href="/bibliographies/wiki/discussion%20forums.html">Discussion Forums</a> <br/>    <a href="/about/wiki/thl%20partners.html">THL Partners</a> <a href="/community/thstudies/wiki/news%20for%20tibetan%20studies%20|amp|%20tibetans.html" >Tibetan News</a>  </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/tools/">Tools</a> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/tools/wiki/home.html" class="first-link">Toolbox</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/preparing%20your%20computer%20for%20thdl%20use.html">Prep Computer</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/tips%20on%20software%20|amp|%20operating%20systems.html" >Software</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/thl%20technologies%20|amp|%20open%20standards.html" >Technologies</a> <a href="/tools/sitewiki/32aa1fc8-5059-431d-9a65-7a8b13ec3415/home.html">THL Research Lab</a><br/> <a href="/tools/wiki/fonts%20|amp|%20related%20issues.html" class="parent-link first-link">Fonts:</a>(<a href="/tools/wiki/chinese%20fonts%20|amp|%20related%20issues.html" class="sub-link">Chinese</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/diacritic%20fonts.html" class="sub-link">Diacritics</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/nepali%20fonts%20|amp|%20related%20issues.html" class="sub-link">Nepali</a> <a href="/tools/scripts/wiki/home.html" class="sub-link-last">Tibetan </a>) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/projects/">Projects</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="/bellezza/" target="_blank" class="first-link">Antiquities of Zhangzhung</a> <a href="/places/monasteries/drepung/" target="_blank">Drepung Monastery</a> <a href="/collections/texts/jiats/" target="_blank">JIATS</a> <a href="/places/monasteries/meru-nyingpa/" target="_blank">Meru Nyingpa Monastery</a> <a href="/places/monasteries/sera/" target="_blank">Sera Monastery</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thl%20projects%20inventory.html" class="first-link" >Projects Inventory</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20status%20reports.html">Status Reports</a> </p> </td> </tr>  </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div>  <div id="footer"> <div class="shell"> <div id="footer-nav"> <ul id="footer-links"> <li><a href="/index.php" title="link to thl homepage">THL Home</a></li> <li><a href="#wiki=/access/wiki/site/0b308aa3-d044-469b-009a-d34c7841413d/thdl%20home%20about%20us.html" title="to learn more about the people at thl">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="#wiki=/access/wiki/site/0b308aa3-d044-469b-009a-d34c7841413d/how%20to%20participate.html" title="learn how you can participate">Participate!</a></li> <li><a href="#wiki=/access/wiki/site/0b308aa3-d044-469b-009a-d34c7841413d/donating%20funds%20and%20equipment%20to%20thdl.html" title="help thl with a donation of support">Donate</a></li> <li><a href="#wiki=/access/wiki/site/0b308aa3-d044-469b-009a-d34c7841413d/thdl%20home%20sponsors.html" title="information about the sponsors of thl">Sponsors</a></li> <li><a href="#sitemap" class="sitemapFooterAction" title="Show THL Website Index">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/community/newsupdates-thl.php" title="subscribe to thl new updates">Subscribe</a></li> <li><a href="#wiki=/access/wiki/site/0b308aa3-d044-469b-009a-d34c7841413d/thdl%20home%20help.html" title="find help using this website or adjusting your computer">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.php" title="contact thl">Contact THL</a></li> </ul> </div> <table id="footer-credits"> <tr><td></td><td class="logo"><a href="/index.php" title="link to thl homepage"><img src="/global/images/logo-watermark-thl.png" width="40" height="40" alt="thl logo" /></a></td><td></td></tr> </table> <p><a href="/tools/thl-license.php" class="thl-content thl-pop" title="thl copyright info" >THL Community License</a> © 2025 <a href="/index.php" title="link to thl homepage">www.thlib.org</a></p> </div> </div>  </body> </html>