CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91350084cb3a81aa',cH: 'VWfx8fsLeOOhdAXPx0yq9h2UUbZif4briaOl4QihbE0-1739787177-1.2.1.1-90s1mQHxq9JMDBUqr2zwPBhD1Nat9IBRFeBficFxHwsCQdcvQTFQVEdiCZnR_XbI',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=plastic%20packages&__cf_chl_tk=0UVd2PnuOJEutJREE60LoykhmjQ.yvGcmcA6nwWroe0-1739787177-1.0.1.1-OkGGlRLvQyKYNnrLBxhNx3Y0OUGCfRha9qdjxNt12Bc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787177',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=plastic%20packages&__cf_chl_f_tk=0UVd2PnuOJEutJREE60LoykhmjQ.yvGcmcA6nwWroe0-1739787177-1.0.1.1-OkGGlRLvQyKYNnrLBxhNx3Y0OUGCfRha9qdjxNt12Bc",md: "NvoVSSkrY9TV1mtCbmluQY7b4Ni_NQFW.Us1oiqUZMM-1739787177-1.2.1.1-rAMvNMfYNRQDrmOKPmdb7cRdaco6UwhFy9qfzRbJNJtYcluvQjXF7z5Ec3mIVtkhbFaANcg798xliqcuZ6ET8o1.ZUX9dq2K9LYN6OOUXc4HdYZtgUf0DS0gGSOeVXuj5X4BQm0HNLNfdDE9o.Tq9NGAOfKu7h7gYyjUeTAUYwVcjGUe3SCh3l8I6fR8wIXfE7sAmDmyF3AvSA4HbwExn9DWU.kApuN_WzXMTrR_ST6e7H30FdX0qfBBjn_bESMi90WldouEPAoLWbC_oPBqlesxIDR3yfEtObO9J3ESXrmz.9LDSy68.XaTj1gSDkGOGMYoNFRlHSSJm97n1YktrsfoBZag9MMgiT8N8WEC2oecQL7sj06WgdSHpeYo2sQ3D_i8VZMcv2Q707g0hhrd1x9J3.b.I0ROPtU2RCFjfVdYSbaovJgOBycQGnIXQXzvYxkbfjsMHbEJENEQaXm18xwqqMme8L_aRv_wCkl8RRwgdungQVaR5BVVI4DUikl95BHITwA8HcknPByL0ll2tFDB8cAirKB77YMnbS.baQAn0_FZkoYVyEtX.BVtOchSRfJACXW1Y3jPHtjvGryWZCvHplJhMPjJa7R3U6.u0F_oJVJJf.HhuhyOFknhYhqDsweTfjhUSbULpnouMOUrJ_q2tI_SrC5DeslucGwz0VrYK2GxpM5ay_TV9XTQFa4rctiajmKQ2xfDL4kcKJMQWM6OFoScdflPRfbUgB9rsAENZ4IYWs5RFylO4gUZP.P8vi60PWxNLmsCRAqZo2eW68poo8.7dZq7oMwrJSM4DzHMn9HbcnbhRaTuvj2SzW6bqVfiMp5IWN6BL.EWtbz4skBfDTLI7EdrF8.g4_9Go6SnS9Sxx4BvLstDkg6cn0.NIW6cw4aNKp6QQv3ERxrNCIH.qwkawnrIWUEobjhNbLNHbGw1Gh8Yi1JwRWgYolLYjAlpr6thgU_c3le5iM84vYuj7zmFKffr7vlGfJKaH.T7PtRCRLhrs64rfFHwR6bv2JNThW.asWNbNj.9_eX4hXsty_UyrsbbrjBHtR64OJni4sRw77CeZFD8LSrzV8T90Go.FIQim4xH.RLMOhK_.czAxgwl7IgxrOyTfEEqiuXr3mGqdeIaXPwkL5zS0oeXVTZ.KWojMTIULYzsDNKxhbDk5af9.Ib1brW6qi98KRaOEkjg6HSxQEim.q52KsHg5leGjKjYR9KH.qM07Rvx8b2gyx_53jrCbTzPFMDNGtHg4no_jdTbeo5ENQglgFUPXnA.Pr2QTk0SjxA6DR8ySK_7IQ8.OOyz.4rvJ_So5zQp1YwTq.WAWsB8dNIVTRU_i3i8cNJ.XQmBLfP5gzjozc7WS.KICHWQRGIdYhBUc8bcvId1B6gGI_x9XJcVsaBp7YOSuP2kebs0lmTFh3oghwGythCrBplNbnciLEQ5LD2MO3DO54wP7_zkuBAky_TkypMoQk9RuMz.oEbm8J7TqFldqJUJKcxcY.JKff6nDiD.GWTD9FlmpAsJxODpY1wumGHEhZPsoFQZgk.iFPSKGUaiA5YEtvAEiUKtSLSRmFkhLE5L_6fDnhr2XkEaKMErzHqyPXA6AViss8nygHYU_nSg9WC98Et4TbcogotAdqW5qbk6apR_E607cypBZbWC9iO1AfZxfiQ7Q5vHBYaYuEZz8MQWPXoDHzdUFqflrLzJi48SwyiXQ0vPbqgKwL5LrekQk_uqGFJjlcVMBa701VsnNL15Ato_dwSp3Rd_Y3AplD3R1oiLPbLdfda7YwBgxBqkzNrc.RUuacjIU4aAyLu2V7Ksm8KNp8f.o5r56JT4X8TY9cp0GvSV_XNIXWftmctCbHZjfBa8xuKfzhWgCL6FawJMSsOKe.rvPJFXwzefGEMxbD.PNZw4t3cZYSEdq2Zwhz1erURzZYKds9EdgychWl18PWipgb6OQ83lZPE",mdrd: "e7qyWZxFQOzKgQ5peeV0h6hLeEsBAY98qfFwVvMVMfc-1739787177-1.2.1.1-eGCxJINTpHHaPG.PZtUjBmra_eoY6wO8UKzdujfSNU2tJa4zi7scqY4POnRkcR0FiJoEKQInhIVTp5eNmp637YKItK153hnHQy2Ks_OKJFlmGerfPk1oei0iJP5UKdWeOoseZL6WhOgPU.fXyDpQv8mWQIXxbDZIYlBT2gofAsTczB8KYeN7uOvWnPk6JMPpyh5.qkfxbizlvkgKAzX2dYE1n_.TAO6_4zNUFAiZwiHZsoE4SFeOKP5q0GpZNBjlVkok2sS2rm7HnYfOetUaVWrTSoNBv4P9EH6WQ2lajmu06P.o2rgKYGTxtdofE1IbcTIT9l601yCeuVh94cLbUY743NmXhIfS.MZ3WbH7wf7vsYV1iJbJ7fdFe_2RS.dZe1feuCAPp.6AgH5Oakb5.Q3dfCG2B5MeAFbMikWlVYuZZMAVC_X_Z0HAAsEDXQk9F_8tuOBJxfqTS650oEMG6nghlaTTz19D5RUguQeVOtpn5hEeKxD7DPPxP.V5UCfT5SCOnS8YBJ5f9jOw5LKLcXYr2cwrfRpu.2MDjh7cdBTtByh9HNiOjvDhT7zAAPGSnuoY3yzV2q8KPB7ss1RAYgDwd4EI7Xs6NEu_t2GoCfw1ANm.O9k2SwzchlbuAj8EMdDLWhfdtQHwZ3ZFkkqXqWXaJatc22HalXxVOPt.Jskrhb6s7CF6fGZXAVipEfKgXmsgA_oYgB1SLakBnOZw6U0J3DOCYUeVzTpAHQDfPPUjRzUaH8AV7s6ugCARDJmm0QY01QffkMjJx6SrySOLiqKf88THGhF_Z8xWMflCKM5mCZKWgJQo3raEeO4l.iXBMMv9gjYVHsrtGbGOZSMm001wjfH6MR9Iv3X_oxPrin9743LTbPfZ1yJgLqZcvUHlCNl20mkyNAEW7R8DZ96GcTJFnFW4VQZlSA.nRXbrcn2VDt05ilJw4hLFTJT5fx9i_tpLe6jhG313kGyGmnOBnMkRl_WQre_2potRs74zvhKd_ta4sy2UNisyicHND8BVf4hqaJPmd79v8MmrYuODsaSOqEcsqsMNPuZYquSZ6K8YZsAj9svudC8XglXufxG2uDZPAspQffAOnZGCR79JJIsF4r4Xly_fHdIAAN00l5J3dmRKUzPtSOSnX_8cYhNmCEYIARqvwQAATaTaCCh9fQue_4J_KohshuwqhWA_0ft8sDWQTpOgZpVmpRyVTj9H9Tu0r9EFHyAb74Oe0.rOL24R3MnY5yR0PFa1EmTaisJgFzZur8F2HMqerCdsWxtbgOZ58rBhyPN3kom3a0llS2c4esmGJqgDDGbGHgvBSrkvIgL9dYHQaqJJZb7t9UAGUSqSrCYvjBLljUYFA7Y1N37Lfo3O7XiMFcZZYGoMkWA4sbEc5t7u9pxNfyOShlxV1LCU69zdS8ZiXFWqsff9xvcEQFzUhEC7O8pKmxsGB_QoobkgJod82CAILrUAYhILdfFl2sM6cKwQEfiAyK4ZnViIcD7jm7S.JSuPli.bgk8nbo4yF5kjCHuuJlMydg.ZwuATSu0.nyaZlLMymWJwywwM4AuhypMU0U5kjMPj.ZIr1J7a46HBXp29mrUW2_72.0BcjfBgSE8N6Y9b4V4JeSkDGRU3zvEKalmgzoT8jrvn140MyWDs_nZY3nJ1vmdEkzdW6qLYkRCCoZwZch1EEEK1nCzkmfY_h6SEMGwvp49tkXQFn5BJbys71td2_G4rxVjK8jWnnOfF6a2ru.FfX97NWfYshqAXG6bFhVeX.QPM98aes9HG2Zt99QPabwmETb_Y3JYlsm3NtBruVexFzIOn34v46p77Ik_KCqkiMOLQT8p5k11CZbL1IRqIg1PuXAoixzNHi9S00.gGs1Cv1B7iArobvIfQz8PYhZlhmjQi82AeBYTF_TKJHTjVDPpCFlT9XLjDf6mn6LOxze5x4eXLVvF9Fi6F00cJ3EsAnqj2i0HtimLv43wnjzYtV3iQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91350084cb3a81aa';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=plastic%20packages&__cf_chl_rt_tk=0UVd2PnuOJEutJREE60LoykhmjQ.yvGcmcA6nwWroe0-1739787177-1.0.1.1-OkGGlRLvQyKYNnrLBxhNx3Y0OUGCfRha9qdjxNt12Bc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>