Home | University of Waterloo

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# " class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1103280112",accountID:"4165269",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"UAcBVFRVARABVFhaBQMHUlYJ",licenseKey:"NRJS-00798bf011f7ec1aa7f",applicationID:"1098220428"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.281.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>p,gD:()=>m,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",l=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},f={},h="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.281.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>T,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>A,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,T="jsTime",A="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>E.get(c))),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var E="api-",A=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(A+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(A,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(A,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.281.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.281.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-jmvAlmjCn64ans8tLueqHRlBI/iWekylsDWb94A77CG0ukSriVDvgD3dThx+XjUSBBBMYhFn8B1a18fViyBPEQ==",249:"sha512-ICY/ZrcytM/86t5KFy+9OAWVYmNNJy10EBtxoSUGjQWuZx53p/eLo+L8HfrGjvHuRHRnutqLTGSnvNttffJkaA==",212:"sha512-pQSn+X/RfBOvx/49HvlghaiXMLhhDQXTi13n1N2XMpDquWJgs9U0pbqE3RbAnYC9nsdaTu/RVGvneEPv1fpCxA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(3969);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Te,uP:Ae,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Xe+Ze,Qe+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,$e,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,T.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,Oe,O,M,ot,ct,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="description" content="University of Waterloo" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://uwaterloo.ca/" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Home | University of Waterloo" /> <meta property="og:description" content="University of Waterloo" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2025-02-18T10:16:33-05:00" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_CA" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-L2Z2MKPQ2G"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-L2Z2MKPQ2G', { 'cookie_domain': 'uwaterloo.ca', 'cookie_path': '/', 'cookie_expires': 2592000 });</script> <link rel="icon" href="/profiles/uw_base_profile/themes/uw_fdsu_theme_resp/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/" /> <link rel="icon" href="/profiles/uw_base_profile/themes/uw_fdsu_theme_resp/icon.svg" type="image/svg+xml" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/profiles/uw_base_profile/themes/uw_fdsu_theme_resp/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="manifest" href="data:application/manifest+json,%7B%22icons%22%3A%5B%7B%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fuwaterloo.ca%5C%2Fprofiles%5C%2Fuw_base_profile%5C%2Fthemes%5C%2Fuw_fdsu_theme_resp%5C%2Ficon-192.png%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22image%5C%2Fpng%22%2C%22sizes%22%3A%22192x192%22%7D%2C%7B%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fuwaterloo.ca%5C%2Fprofiles%5C%2Fuw_base_profile%5C%2Fthemes%5C%2Fuw_fdsu_theme_resp%5C%2Ficon-512.png%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22image%5C%2Fpng%22%2C%22sizes%22%3A%22512x512%22%7D%5D%7D" /> <title>Home | University of Waterloo</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Barlow+Condensed:wght@500;700&family=Barlow:wght@400;500;700&display=swap" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Barlow+Condensed:wght@500;700&family=Barlow:wght@400;500;700&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" /> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Barlow+Condensed:wght@500;700&family=Barlow:wght@400;500;700&display=swap" /> </noscript>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M9XLVF');</script>  <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_yYIob_JSc1msF-q-DpGs3SxT09DUAB7pE-QKovjLHU0.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_scuetdNgPJeth_TbRpeT18zaAo1daWOjfRgZ-bn1bnE.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.carousel.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.theme.default.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_EAsArFN2_7N4N5Wc6V7FvaEm1piFXaVRTj0lsjiPDBs.css" /> </head> <body class="org-default not-layout-page path-frontpage front node-page node-page--node-type-uw-ct-web-page">  <noscript> <iframe aria-label="Google Tag Manager" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M9XLVF" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div class="skiplinks"> <a href="#main" class="skiplinks__link visually-hidden focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="uw-site-container"> <header class="uw-header uw-header__menu--full org-default" role="banner"> <div class="uw-header__masthead" lang="en"> <div class="uw-site-logo"> <a class="uw-site-logo__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca" title="University of Waterloo Home" aria-label="University of Waterloo Home" rel="home"></a> </div> <div class="uw-header-menu uw-header-menu__full"> <nav class="uw-horizontal-nav uw-horizontal-nav--header" aria-label="University of Waterloo navigation"> <div class="uw-horizontal-nav--wrapper"> <div class="uw-horizontal-nav--menu"> <ul class="menu menu--horizontal" > <li class="menu__item is-active-trail has-submenu" > <a class="menu__link is-active-trail menu__link-sub" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" > <span class="link-text"> Jump to </span> </a> <ul class="menu menu__subnav"> <li class="menu__item menu__item-parent"> <a href="#" class="menu__link-parent"> <span class="link-text"> Jump to </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/admissions/" > <span class="link-text"> Admissions </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/about/" > <span class="link-text"> About Waterloo </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/faculties-academics/" > <span class="link-text"> Faculties & Academics </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/offices-services/" > <span class="link-text"> Offices & Services </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/support/" > <span class="link-text"> Support Waterloo </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="uw-header-search"> <form class="uw-search--form" role="search" data-drupal-selector="uw-search-form" action="/" method="post" id="uw-search-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <input class="uw-input uw-input--checkboxform form-checkbox" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-drupal-selector="edit-opentray" type="checkbox" id="edit-opentray" name="opentray" value="1" /> <label class="uw-search--checkboxlabel option" data-drupal-selector="edit-opentray" for="edit-opentray"><span class="uw-search--checkboxlabel__labeltext">Open Search Location </span></label><div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-item-search-input js-form-item-search-input form-no-label"> <label for="uw-search" class="visually-hidden"><span class="uw-search--labeltext">Search for </span></label> <input class="uw-input uw-input--search form-text" data-drupal-selector="uw-search" data-msg-maxlength="<span class="uw-search--labeltext">Search for </span> field has a maximum length of 128." type="text" id="uw-search" name="search-input" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" placeholder="Search" /> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-select form-item-search-type js-form-item-search-type form-no-label"> <label for="uw-select-site" class="visually-hidden">Search Location</label> <select class="form-item__select uw-select--search form-select" data-drupal-selector="uw-select-site" id="uw-select-site" name="search-type"><option value="" selected="selected">On all sites</option></select> </div> <input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="form-hkqkc-m3leyourekgalmqa0uakqwnpjg79y3c6nuhwm" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-hkQkc-M3LEYoURekgALmqA0UAKQWnPJg79y3C6nuhwM" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-uw-search-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="uw_search_form" /> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><div class="uw-search-button__wrapper"><input value="Search" class="button button--submit button--submit__form js-form-submit form-submit" data-drupal-selector="uw-search-submit" type="submit" id="uw-search-submit" name="op" /> </div></div> </form> </div> </div>  <div class="uw-colour-bar"> <div class="uw-colour-bar__wrapper"> <div class="uw-colour-bar__cbars"> <div class="uw-colour-bar__cbar org-default-1"></div> <div class="uw-colour-bar__cbar org-default-2"></div> <div class="uw-colour-bar__cbar org-default-3"></div> <div class="uw-colour-bar__cbar org-default-4"></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="uw-highlighted"> <div class="uw-highlighted__content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div>  <button class="uw-show-hide" id="revision-show-hide" title="Show/hide revision elements">±</button>  <main id="main" class="uw-main" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div role="article" about="/home" class="node node--type-uw-ct-web-page node--view-mode-full uw-node"> <div class="uw-node__grid"> <article class="uw-node__node"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="uw-node__with-media uw-node__with-media--banner"> <article class="card card__node card__node--web-page"> <div class="card__media layout uw-full-width"> <article id="banner1-" class="card card__banner card__node--uw_ct_web_page"> <div class="card__body"> <div class="card__banner--image uw-text-overlay--left-light"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/admissions/">  <div class="card__banner--media"> <picture class="uw-picture">  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_large/public/uploads/images/edited_5m3_0254.jpg?itok=zPqR8mB0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 63.19em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_large/public/uploads/images/edited_5m3_0254.jpg?itok=DNmoMOwA 1x" media="all and (min-width: 49.81em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_medium/public/uploads/images/edited_5m3_0254.jpg?itok=74hrdH3Z 1x" media="all and (min-width: 30em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_small/public/uploads/images/edited_5m3_0254.jpg?itok=PHFL3gSb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 25em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_small/public/uploads/images/edited_5m3_0254.jpg?itok=ohf4qJja 1x" media="all and (min-width: 15em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_portrait/public/uploads/images/edited_5m3_0254.jpg?itok=nkat596o 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1em)" type="image/jpeg" />  <img class="uw-picture__fallback" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/uploads/images/edited_5m3_0254.jpg?itok=CnA8AUHR" alt="Professor teaching student with VO2 max machine"> </picture> </div> <div class="card__banner--caption uw_para_image_banner"> <div class="card__banner--text-align"> <h1 class="card__banner--title">Earn a degree that will make an impact in your community and the world</h1> <span class="card__banner--sub-title"> Discover Waterloo's programs → </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="card__header uw-node__with-media uw-node__with-media--banner"> </div> <div class="card__body"> <div class="card__content"> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-section__background--org-default uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col uw-section__background-color" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-facts-and-figures"> <div id="uw-ff-656d4dde-5659-4eee-b65d-52f8c61d3228" class="uw-ff uw-ff__gold" data-carousel="no" data-num-per-carousel="0" data-id="656d4dde-5659-4eee-b65d-52f8c61d3228"> <div class="uw-ff--wrapper uw-ff--wrapper__text-center uw-ff--no-carousel org-default"> <div class="uw-ff--fact"> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__big balance-text">#1</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__medium balance-text">most innovative university in Canada for 30 of the last 33 years</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__caption balance-text"> <p><span><span class="a ab ac ae af ag ah ai aj ak b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u ui-provider v w x y z" dir="ltr">Maclean's University Rankings 2025</span></span></p> </span> </div> <div class="uw-ff--fact"> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__big balance-text">#1</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__medium balance-text">school for entrepreneurs in Canada</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__caption balance-text"> <p>Pitchbook University Rankings 2024</p> </span> </div> <div class="uw-ff--fact"> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__big balance-text">#1</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__medium balance-text">comprehensive research university in Canada</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__caption balance-text"> <p>Research Infosource 2024</p> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-text-align--center block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> <h3><a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/future-students/university-of-waterloo-ranking">Discover Waterloo by the numbers →</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-text-align--left block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="uw-text-align--left block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> <h2>Latest news</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="uwaterloo-news-hp" class="uw-full-width uw-section-spacing--none uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="block block-uw-custom-blocks block-uw-cbl-waterloo-news"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news uw-waterloo-news__featured-left"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__featured"> <picture class="uw-picture">  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_large/public/uploads/images/uwaterloo_campus_winter-2.jpg?itok=tXtkMoc7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 63.19em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_large/public/uploads/images/uwaterloo_campus_winter-2.jpg?itok=-BYuZnVs 1x" media="all and (min-width: 49.81em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_medium/public/uploads/images/uwaterloo_campus_winter-2.jpg?itok=1FBDxEEU 1x" media="all and (min-width: 30em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_small/public/uploads/images/uwaterloo_campus_winter-2.jpg?itok=2Hl9moG9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 25em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_small/public/uploads/images/uwaterloo_campus_winter-2.jpg?itok=3WkcRl4Q 1x" media="all and (min-width: 15em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_portrait/public/uploads/images/uwaterloo_campus_winter-2.jpg?itok=V7e3csJM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1em)" type="image/jpeg" />  <img class="uw-picture__fallback" src="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_large/public/uploads/images/uwaterloo_campus_winter-2.jpg?itok=tXtkMoc7 1x" alt="Waterloo campus in the winter"> </picture> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news/waterloos-reputation-worlds-top-100-most-prestigious"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__featured--content"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__featured--tag"> <ul class="tag-list "> <li class="tag-list__item org-default"> <span class="tag tag--full ">Campus</span> </li> </ul> </div> <h3 class="uw-waterloo-news__featured--headline"> Waterloo’s reputation in the world’s top 100 most prestigious universities </h3> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__featured--subhead"> <p>Times Higher Education ranks the University of Waterloo #97 based on data from the world's largest invite-only academic opinion survey</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__items"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news/magazine/waterloo-changed-my-life-unexpected-ways"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--content"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--tag"> <ul class="tag-list "> <li class="tag-list__item org-mat"> <span class="tag tag--full ">Math</span> </li> </ul> </div> <h3 class="uw-waterloo-news__item--headline"> Waterloo changed my life in unexpected ways </h3> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--subhead"> <p>Gil Aburto-Avila shares why he moved from Mexico to study at the University of Waterloo and why he gives back as an alum  </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news/engineering/waterloo-awarded-5-million-accelerate-sustainable-additive"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--content"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--tag"> <ul class="tag-list "> <li class="tag-list__item org-eng"> <span class="tag tag--full ">Engineering</span> </li> </ul> </div> <h3 class="uw-waterloo-news__item--headline"> Waterloo awarded $5 million to accelerate sustainable additive manufacturing </h3> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--subhead"> <p>The funding will support the creation of an industry-facing Consortium for Sustainable Scale-up in Metal Additive Manufacturing</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news/global-futures/champion-transit-equity"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--content"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--tag"> <ul class="tag-list "> <li class="tag-list__item org-env"> <span class="tag tag--full ">Environment</span> </li> </ul> </div> <h3 class="uw-waterloo-news__item--headline"> A champion for transit equity </h3> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--subhead"> <p>Planning co-op student's journey from concerned rider to a key voice in Ontario's transit conversation is a testament to community organizing</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__button"> <a class="button " href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news" > View all Waterloo News </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-banner-images"> <article id="banner1-5c88abc0-f143-4da4-bfa1-cad9d1979214" class="card card__banner "> <div class="card__body"> <div class="card__banner--image uw-text-overlay--left-dark"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/black-history-month/">  <div class="card__banner--media"> <picture class="uw-picture">  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_large/public/uploads/images/bhm-homepage-banner.png?itok=0E2awh-J 1x" media="all and (min-width: 63.19em)" type="image/png" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_large/public/uploads/images/bhm-homepage-banner.png?itok=3-UjIr2e 1x" media="all and (min-width: 49.81em)" type="image/png" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_medium/public/uploads/images/bhm-homepage-banner.png?itok=UUK_ZFym 1x" media="all and (min-width: 30em)" type="image/png" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_small/public/uploads/images/bhm-homepage-banner.png?itok=qoHaYk9x 1x" media="all and (min-width: 25em)" type="image/png" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_small/public/uploads/images/bhm-homepage-banner.png?itok=Ec2xgAlP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 15em)" type="image/png" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_portrait/public/uploads/images/bhm-homepage-banner.png?itok=Egh2Gok1 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1em)" type="image/png" />  <img class="uw-picture__fallback" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/uploads/images/bhm-homepage-banner.png?itok=l8SiDesm" alt="A mix of black, green, red, and yellow"> </picture> </div> <div class="card__banner--caption uw_para_image_banner"> <div class="card__banner--text-align"> <span class="card__banner--title"> <strong> Black History Month at Waterloo </strong> </span> <span class="card__banner--sub-title"> Explore events, achievements and inspirational stories of Black flourishing that continue to shape our university community </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-full-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-banner-images"> <article id="banner1-ad5d028d-21b4-4848-87cc-1450b072d113" class="card card__banner "> <div class="card__body"> <div class="card__banner--image uw-text-overlay--left-dark"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/global-futures">  <div class="card__banner--media"> <picture class="uw-picture">  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_large/public/uploads/images/fp3392-bannergif-5s_19mb.gif?itok=SHh4edk_ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 63.19em)" type="image/gif" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_large/public/uploads/images/fp3392-bannergif-5s_19mb.gif?itok=Rdo_LLvx 1x" media="all and (min-width: 49.81em)" type="image/gif" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_medium/public/uploads/images/fp3392-bannergif-5s_19mb.gif?itok=k7gEO1br 1x" media="all and (min-width: 30em)" type="image/gif" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_small/public/uploads/images/fp3392-bannergif-5s_19mb.gif?itok=XxF8urUb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 25em)" type="image/gif" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_small/public/uploads/images/fp3392-bannergif-5s_19mb.gif?itok=SfiO8WZ6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 15em)" type="image/gif" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_portrait/public/uploads/images/fp3392-bannergif-5s_19mb.gif?itok=UGl1CowA 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1em)" type="image/gif" />  <img class="uw-picture__fallback" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/uploads/images/fp3392-bannergif-5s_19mb.gif?itok=MWPLYzV6" alt="Moving shapes on a black background"> </picture> </div> <div class="card__banner--caption uw_para_image_banner"> <div class="card__banner--text-align"> <span class="card__banner--title"> <strong> 2025 Global Futures: Innovation Update </strong> </span> <span class="card__banner--sub-title"> Meet Waterloo's students, alumni and researchers, the leaders and problem-solvers we need for our global future → </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-banner-images"> <article id="banner1-59556cc4-c402-4f3c-8aca-60d19a519f83" class="card card__banner "> <div class="card__body"> <div class="card__banner--image uw-text-overlay--left-dark"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/on-it/fighting-cancer">  <div class="card__banner--media"> <picture class="uw-picture">  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_large/public/uploads/images/staticweb_mingli.jpg?itok=XqbQfFZG 1x" media="all and (min-width: 63.19em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_large/public/uploads/images/staticweb_mingli.jpg?itok=7-wLGXa- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 49.81em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_medium/public/uploads/images/staticweb_mingli.jpg?itok=O-5RsuV2 1x" media="all and (min-width: 30em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_small/public/uploads/images/staticweb_mingli.jpg?itok=2KnvOivp 1x" media="all and (min-width: 25em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_small/public/uploads/images/staticweb_mingli.jpg?itok=EZWKPCYs 1x" media="all and (min-width: 15em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_portrait/public/uploads/images/staticweb_mingli.jpg?itok=Db6yp0yS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1em)" type="image/jpeg" />  <img class="uw-picture__fallback" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/uploads/images/staticweb_mingli.jpg?itok=hvpcA0uf" alt="Cancer cell"> </picture> </div> <div class="card__banner--caption uw_para_image_banner"> <div class="card__banner--text-align"> <span class="card__banner--title"> <strong> Fighting cancer with code </strong> </span> <span class="card__banner--sub-title"> Researchers at Waterloo have enlisted an unlikely ally in the developing life-saving personalized cancer vaccines: machine learning. Learn how → </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="uw-text-align--left block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> <h2>Upcoming events</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="block block-uw-custom-blocks block-uw-cbl-waterloo-events"> <ul class="waterloo-events"> <li> <a class="waterloo-events__event" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/events/events/grade-10-info-night-0"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--date"> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--month"> Feb </span> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--day"> 20 </span> </span> <span class="waterloo-events__event--info"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--time tag tag--full tag--normal"> 5:30 pm </span> <h3 class="waterloo-events__event--title"> Grade 10 Info Night </h3> <div class="waterloo-events__event--summary"> <p>Grade 10 students thinking about university are invited (along with their supporters) to an information session on admission requirements, financing their education, and advice on how to get started preparing for university. Join us online or on campus.</p></div> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="waterloo-events__event" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/events/events/startup-2-scaleup-recruitment-roadmap-webinar"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--date"> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--month"> Feb </span> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--day"> 25 </span> </span> <span class="waterloo-events__event--info"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--time tag tag--full tag--normal"> 12:00 pm </span> <h3 class="waterloo-events__event--title"> Startup 2 Scaleup: Recruitment Roadmap Webinar </h3> <div class="waterloo-events__event--summary"> <p>Learn how startups and small businesses can secure funding to hire top Waterloo co-op talent. Starting or scaling a small business is challenging, especially when it comes to finding talent and funding. 97 per cent of startups miss funding opportunities because they don’t know where to find them. We’re here to change that.</p></div> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="waterloo-events__event" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/events/events/upstart-25-student-work-festival"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--date"> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--month"> Mar </span> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--day"> 19 </span> </span> <span class="waterloo-events__event--info"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--time tag tag--full tag--normal"> 12:00 am </span> <h3 class="waterloo-events__event--title"> UPSTART 25 Student Work Festival </h3> <div class="waterloo-events__event--summary"> <p>The UpStart festival is a juried one-act play festival hosted by the University of Waterloo Theatre and Performance program. All these plays are written, directed, and performed by students. They will be presented March 19th-22nd from 7:00pm - 9:00pm EST in the Theatre of the Arts. Three shows make up the festival.</p></div> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="uw-waterloo-events__button"> <a class="button " href="https://uwaterloo.ca/events" > View all Waterloo Events </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="uw-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="uw-site-footer__block"> <div id="block-uw-fdsu-theme-resp-uw-block-site-footer" class="block block-uw-ct-site-footer block-uw-block-site-footer"> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__wrapper" lang="en"> <div class="uw-footer__address"> <div class="uw-footer-address" about="//uwaterloo.ca/" typeof="v:VCard"> <div class="hidden"> <div property="v:fn">University of Waterloo</div> <div rel="v:org"> <div property="v:organisation-name">University of Waterloo</div> </div> <div rel="v:geo"> <div property="v:latitude">43.471468</div> <div property="v:longitude">-80.544205</div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer-address--show" rel="v:adr"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/map/" class="uw-icon-link " > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <title>Campus map</title> <g transform="translate(1.4065934065934016 1.4065934065934016) scale(2.81 2.81)"> <path d="M5.2,0.2C3,0.2,1.3,2,1.3,4.1c0,1,0.3,1.8,0.9,2.5l3,3.5l3-3.5C8.7,6,9.1,5.1,9.1,4.1C9.1,2,7.3,0.2,5.2,0.2z M5.2,5.6 C4.3,5.6,3.6,4.9,3.6,4s0.7-1.6,1.6-1.6S6.8,3.1,6.8,4S6.1,5.6,5.2,5.6z"/> </g> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > Campus map </span> </a> <div class="uw-footer-address__street" property="v:street-address">200 University Avenue West</div> <div class="uw-footer-address__region"> <span property="v:locality">Waterloo</span>, <span property="v:region">ON</span>, <span property="v:country-name">Canada</span> <span property="v:postal-code">N2L 3G1</span> </div> <div class="uw-footer-phone" rel="v:tel"> <a href="tel:+1-519-888-4567" property="rdf:value">+1 519 888 4567</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__menu"> <ul class="menu menu--uw-footer" > <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/about/contact-us" > <span class="link-text"> Contact Waterloo </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/accessibility/" > <span class="link-text"> Accessibility </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news/" > <span class="link-text"> News </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/about/maps-and-directions" > <span class="link-text"> Maps & directions </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/privacy/" > <span class="link-text"> Privacy </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/careers/" > <span class="link-text"> Careers </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/emergency-notifications/" > <span class="link-text"> Emergency notifications </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/copyright" > <span class="link-text"> Copyright </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/about/contact-us/contact-form" > <span class="link-text"> Feedback </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="uw-footer__territorial"> <div class="uw-bg--"> <div class="uw-territorial"> <p>The University of Waterloo acknowledges that much of our work takes place on the traditional territory of the Neutral, Anishinaabeg, and Haudenosaunee peoples. Our main campus is situated on the Haldimand Tract, the land granted to the Six Nations that includes six miles on each side of the Grand River. Our active work toward reconciliation takes place across our campuses through research, learning, teaching, and community building, and is co-ordinated within the <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/indigenous" >Office of Indigenous Relations</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__social"> <div class="uw-social-media"> <ul class="social-media-list "> <li class="social-media-list-item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/uofwaterloo/" class="uw-icon-link icon--button icon--social" > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="30" viewBox="0 0 40 30"> <title>Instagram</title> <path d="M14.3,1.2c-1.5,0.1-2.5,0.3-3.4,0.7C10,2.2,9.2,2.7,8.5,3.5C7.7,4.3,7.3,5.1,6.9,6C6.6,6.9,6.3,7.9,6.3,9.4 c-0.1,1.5-0.1,2-0.1,5.7c0,3.8,0,4.2,0.1,5.7s0.3,2.5,0.6,3.4c0.4,0.9,0.8,1.7,1.6,2.4c0.8,0.8,1.5,1.2,2.5,1.6 c0.9,0.3,1.9,0.6,3.4,0.6c1.5,0.1,2,0.1,5.7,0.1c3.8,0,4.2,0,5.7-0.1s2.5-0.3,3.4-0.6c0.9-0.4,1.7-0.8,2.4-1.6 c0.8-0.8,1.2-1.5,1.6-2.5c0.3-0.9,0.6-1.9,0.6-3.4c0.1-1.5,0.1-2,0.1-5.7c0-3.8,0-4.2-0.1-5.7s-0.3-2.5-0.6-3.4 c-0.4-0.9-0.9-1.7-1.7-2.4C30.7,2.7,30,2.3,29,1.9c-0.9-0.3-1.9-0.6-3.4-0.6c-1.5-0.1-2-0.1-5.7-0.1C16.2,1.2,15.8,1.2,14.3,1.2 M14.5,26.3c-1.4-0.1-2.1-0.3-2.6-0.5c-0.6-0.3-1.1-0.5-1.6-1s-0.8-0.9-1-1.6c-0.2-0.5-0.4-1.2-0.5-2.6c-0.1-1.5-0.1-1.9-0.1-5.6 s0-4.1,0.1-5.6c0-1.3,0.3-2.1,0.5-2.6c0.3-0.6,0.5-1.1,1-1.6s0.9-0.8,1.6-1c0.5-0.2,1.2-0.4,2.6-0.5c1.5-0.1,1.9-0.1,5.6-0.1 s4.1,0,5.6,0.1c1.4,0.1,2.1,0.3,2.6,0.5c0.6,0.3,1.1,0.5,1.6,1s0.8,0.9,1,1.6c0.2,0.5,0.4,1.2,0.5,2.6c0.1,1.5,0.1,1.9,0.1,5.6 s0,4.1-0.1,5.6c-0.1,1.4-0.3,2.1-0.5,2.6c-0.3,0.6-0.5,1.1-1,1.6s-0.9,0.8-1.6,1c-0.5,0.2-1.2,0.4-2.6,0.5 c-1.5,0.1-1.9,0.1-5.6,0.1S15.9,26.4,14.5,26.3 M25.8,7.6c0,0.9,0.8,1.7,1.7,1.7s1.7-0.8,1.7-1.7s-0.8-1.7-1.7-1.7 C26.5,5.9,25.8,6.7,25.8,7.6 M12.9,15c0,3.9,3.2,7.1,7.1,7.1s7.1-3.2,7.1-7.1S23.9,7.9,20,7.9S12.9,11.1,12.9,15 M15.4,15 c0-2.5,2.1-4.6,4.6-4.6s4.6,2.1,4.6,4.6s-2.1,4.6-4.6,4.6S15.4,17.6,15.4,15"/> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > Instagram </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-media-list-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/UWaterloo" class="uw-icon-link icon--button icon--social" > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <title>X (formerly Twitter)</title> <path d="M18.4,14.6L26,5.8h-1.8l-6.6,7.6l-5.2-7.6H6.3l8,11.6l-8,9.2H8l7-8.1l5.5,8.1h6.1L18.4,14.6L18.4,14.6z M15.9,17.5l-0.8-1.1 L8.7,7.2h2.8l5.2,7.4l0.8,1.1l6.8,9.7h-2.8L15.9,17.5L15.9,17.5z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > X (formerly Twitter) </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-media-list-item"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/uwaterloo/" class="uw-icon-link icon--button icon--social" > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="30" viewBox="0 0 40 30"> <title>LinkedIn</title> <path d="M12,29V10.1H5.7v18.8H12V29z M8.9,7.5c2.2,0,3.5-1.4,3.5-3.3S11.1,1,8.9,1C6.8,1,5.4,2.4,5.4,4.3S6.7,7.5,8.9,7.5L8.9,7.5 L8.9,7.5z M15.5,29h6.3V18.4c0-0.5,0-1.1,0.2-1.5c0.4-1.1,1.4-2.3,3.2-2.3c2.3,0,3.2,1.8,3.2,4.3V29h6.3V18.2c0-5.8-3.1-8.5-7.2-8.5 c-3.4,0-4.8,1.9-5.7,3.2l0,0V10h-6.3C15.5,11.8,15.5,29,15.5,29L15.5,29L15.5,29z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > LinkedIn </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-media-list-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/university.waterloo" class="uw-icon-link icon--button icon--social" > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="30" viewBox="0 0 40 30"> <title>Facebook</title> <path d="M26.4,16l0.6-4.9h-4.9v-3c0-1.4,0.4-2.3,2.5-2.3h2.6V1.5c-0.5-0.1-2-0.2-3.8-0.2c-3.8,0-6.4,2.2-6.4,6.3v3.6h-4.3v4.9H17 v12.4h5.1V16H26.4L26.4,16z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > Facebook </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-media-list-item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/uwaterloo" class="uw-icon-link icon--button icon--social" > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="30" viewBox="0 0 40 30"> <title>YouTube</title> <path d="M39.1,5.4c-0.4-1.7-1.8-3.1-3.5-3.5C32.5,1,20,1,20,1S7.5,1,4.4,1.8c-1.7,0.5-3,1.9-3.5,3.6C0.1,8.5,0.1,15,0.1,15 s0,6.5,0.8,9.6c0.4,1.7,1.8,3.1,3.5,3.5C7.5,29,20,29,20,29s12.5,0,15.6-0.8c1.7-0.4,3.1-1.8,3.5-3.5c0.8-3.1,0.8-9.6,0.8-9.6 S39.9,8.5,39.1,5.4z M15.9,20.9V9.1L26.4,15L15.9,20.9z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > YouTube </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="uw-footer__social-directory"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/social-media/">@uwaterloo social directory</a> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__marketing"> <div class="uw-footer__marketing--svg"> <div class="uw-icon"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32px" height="23.6px" viewBox="0 0 32 23.6"> <title>On It Check</title> <g transform="translate(0 15.477)"> <path d="M11.3-3.5L0-10.1V1.6l11.3,6.5L32-3.8l0-11.7L11.3-3.5z"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__marketing--text"> <span> WHERE THERE’S <br> A CHALLENGE,<br>WATERLOO IS<br><span class="text_uw-gold">ON IT</span>. </span> <br> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/on-it"><i>Learn how   → </i></a> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__bottom"> ©2025 All rights reserved </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":true,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"clientside_validation_jquery":{"validate_all_ajax_forms":2,"force_validate_on_blur":false,"messages":{"required":"This field is required.","remote":"Please fix this field.","email":"Please enter a valid email address.","url":"Please enter a valid URL.","date":"Please enter a valid date.","dateISO":"Please enter a valid date (ISO).","number":"Please enter a valid number.","digits":"Please enter only digits.","equalTo":"Please enter the same value again.","maxlength":"Please enter no more than {0} characters.","minlength":"Please enter at least {0} characters.","rangelength":"Please enter a value between {0} and {1} characters long.","range":"Please enter a value between {0} and {1}.","max":"Please enter a value less than or equal to {0}.","min":"Please enter a value greater than or equal to {0}.","step":"Please enter a multiple of {0}."}},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"cookie_policy_version":"1.0.0","popup_enabled":true,"popup_agreed_enabled":false,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":true,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--default\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv role=\u0022alertdialog\u0022\n aria-labelledby=\u0022cookieLabel\u0022\n aria-describedby=\u0022cookieDescription\u0022\n id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\n class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2 id=\u0022cookieLabel\u0022\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/h2\u003E\n \u003Cp id=\u0022cookieDescription\u0022\u003ESelect \u0026#039;Accept all\u0026#039; to agree and continue. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use this website.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EAccept all\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--default\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv role=\u0022alertdialog\u0022\n aria-labelledby=\u0022cookieLabel\u0022\n aria-describedby=\u0022cookieDescription\u0022\n id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\n class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2 id=\u0022cookieLabel\u0022\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n \u003Cp id=\u0022cookieDescription\u0022\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EAccept all\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":768,"popup_html_agreed":false,"popup_use_bare_css":true,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/","popup_link_new_window":true,"popup_position":false,"fixed_top_position":true,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":false,"cookie_name":"","reload_page":false,"domain":"","domain_all_sites":true,"popup_eu_only":false,"popup_eu_only_js":false,"cookie_lifetime":100,"cookie_session":0,"set_cookie_session_zero_on_disagree":0,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":false,"method":"default","automatic_cookies_removal":true,"allowed_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYou have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button \u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","withdraw_enabled":false,"reload_options":0,"reload_routes_list":"","withdraw_button_on_info_popup":false,"cookie_categories":[],"cookie_categories_details":[],"enable_save_preferences_button":true,"cookie_value_disagreed":"0","cookie_value_agreed_show_thank_you":"1","cookie_value_agreed":"2","containing_element":"body","settings_tab_enabled":false,"olivero_primary_button_classes":"","olivero_secondary_button_classes":"","close_button_action":"close_banner","open_by_default":true,"modules_allow_popup":true,"hide_the_banner":false,"geoip_match":true},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"c7b1406d4aef9aedba241ab1bd3f795dd59a66dd36e67cd337fd2ca5f44527ce"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_nMDEJaNNBsugaSyPstYN2POAgaqs1Qqn_3TFt4KcxHU.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_UE8aZiUJz6BNBkYOXN5yXMj1ARngsjl6xLY3TWqCNxw.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.7/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_2YaXSay7C8woVi1VfveleEVrYbngmHpQ6SaSya0OH_w.js"></script> <script src="/profiles/uw_base_profile/modules/contrib/eu_cookie_compliance/js/eu_cookie_compliance.min.js?v=9.5.11" defer></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-validation@1.17.0/dist/jquery.validate.min.js"></script> <script src="/profiles/uw_base_profile/modules/contrib/clientside_validation/clientside_validation_jquery/js/cv.jquery.validate.js?sqebl0"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js__ABBtM3cdcn9AMfT6ivTk94ZrUw3-xEIHcZ_Dt_8Cjo.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-00798bf011f7ec1aa7f","applicationID":"1098220428","transactionName":"ZgRaZUpWWhIDBURcWF9OeVJMXlsPTRZRUlJuAllSUFI=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":18,"atts":"SkNZEwJMSRw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Home | University of Waterloo